{"pageNumber":"880","pageRowStart":"21975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46885,"records":[{"id":70175149,"text":"70175149 - 2007 - USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-01T12:38:38","indexId":"70175149","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States","docAbstract":"<p>The growth in the use of Geographic \u0018nformation Systems (G\u0018S) has highlighted the need for regional and national digital geologic maps attributed with age and rock type information. Such spatial data can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for purposes that include mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, human health and environmental research. \u0018n 1997, the United States Geological Survey&rsquo;s Mineral Resources Program initiated an effort to develop national digital databases for use in mineral resource and environmental assessments. One primary activity of this effort was to compile a national digital geologic map database, utilizing state geologic maps, to support mineral resource studies in the range of 1:250,000- to&nbsp;1:1,000,000-scale. Over the course of the past decade, state databases were prepared using a common standard for the database structure, fields, attributes, and data dictionaries. As of late 2006, standardized geological map databases for all conterminous (CONUS) states have been available on-line as USGS Open-File Reports. For Alaska and Hawaii, new state maps are being prepared, and the preliminary work for Alaska is being released as a series of 1:500,000-scale regional compilations. See below for a list of all published databases.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques '06","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, S.W., Stoeser, D.B., Wilson, F.H., Dicken, C., and Ludington, S., 2007, USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States, Digital Mapping Techniques '06, Columbus, OH, June 11-14, 2006, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/Nicholson.pdf","text":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/Nicholson.pdf","size":"18KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072c0e4b060ce18fb2e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, Douglas B. dstoeser@usgs.gov","contributorId":1821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"Douglas","email":"dstoeser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dicken, Connie L. cdicken@usgs.gov","contributorId":4714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie L.","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70175193,"text":"70175193 - 2007 - Effects of flow diversions on water and habitat quality: Examples from California's highly manipulated Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-10T16:35:58.515465","indexId":"70175193","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of flow diversions on water and habitat quality: Examples from California's highly manipulated Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","docAbstract":"<p>We use selected monitoring data to illustrate how localized water diversions from seasonal barriers, gate operations, and export pumps alter water quality across the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California). Dynamics of water-quality variability are complex because the Delta is a mixing zone of water from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, agricultural return water, and the San Francisco Estuary. Each source has distinct water-quality characteristics, and the contribution of each source varies in response to natural hydrologic variability and water diversions. We use simulations with a tidal hydrodynamic model to reveal how three diversion events, as case studies, influence water quality through their alteration of Delta-wide water circulation patterns and flushing time. Reduction of export pumping decreases the proportion of Sacramento- to San Joaquin-derived fresh water in the central Delta, leading to rapid increases in salinity. Delta Cross Channel gate operations control salinity in the western Delta and alter the freshwater source distribution in the central Delta. Removal of the head of Old River barrier, in autumn, increases the flushing time of the Stockton Ship Channel from days to weeks, contributing to a depletion of dissolved oxygen. Each shift in water quality has implications either for habitat quality or municipal drinking water, illustrating the importance of a systems view to anticipate the suite of changes induced by flow manipulations, and to minimize the conflicts inherent in allocations of scarce resources to meet multiple objectives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"eScholoarship University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss5art2","usgsCitation":"Monsen, N.E., Cloern, J.E., and Burau, J.R., 2007, Effects of flow diversions on water and habitat quality: Examples from California's highly manipulated Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 5, no. 3, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss5art2.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss5art2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.310791015625,\n              37.483576550426996\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.14624023437499,\n              37.483576550426996\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.14624023437499,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.310791015625,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.310791015625,\n              37.483576550426996\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42fe4b006cb45552c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monsen, Nancy E.","contributorId":173324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monsen","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171276,"text":"70171276 - 2007 - Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T10:35:43","indexId":"70171276","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005)","docAbstract":"<p><span>While few environmental measurements of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) were completed prior to the mid-1990s, analysis of appropriately archived samples might enable the determination of contaminant trends back to the introduction of these chemicals. In this paper, we first investigate the stability of BDEs in archived frozen and extracted fish samples, and then characterize trends of these chemicals in rainbow smelt (</span><i>Osmerus mordax</i><span>) and lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) in each of the Great Lakes between 1979 and 2005. We focus on the four most common congeners (BDE-47, 100, 99 and 153) and use a change-point analysis to detect shifts in trends. Analyses of archived fish samples yielded precise BDE concentration measurements with only small losses (0.8% per year in frozen fish tissues, 2.2% per year in refrigerated extracts). Trends in fish from all Great Lakes showed large increases in BDE concentrations that started in the early to mid-1980s with fairly consistent doubling times (generally 2&ndash;4 years except in Lake Erie smelt where levels increased very slowly), though concentrations and trends show differences by congener, fish species and lake. The most recent data show that accumulation rates are slowing, and concentrations of penta- and hexa-congeners in trout from Lakes Ontario and Michigan and smelt from Lake Ontario started to decrease in the mid-1990s. Trends in smelt and trout are evolving somewhat differently, and trout concentrations in the five lakes are now ranked as Michigan&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Superior&nbsp;=&nbsp;Ontario&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Huron&nbsp;=&nbsp;Erie, and smelt concentrations as Michigan&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Ontario&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Huron&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Superior&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Erie. The analysis of properly archived samples permits the reconstruction of historical trends, congener distributions, biomagnification and other information that can aid the understanding and management of these contaminants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.066","usgsCitation":"Batterman, S., Chernyak, S., Gwynn, E., Cantonwine, D., Jia, C., Begnoche, L.J., and Hickey, J.P., 2007, Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005): Chemosphere, v. 69, no. 3, p. 444-457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.066.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"457","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3de4b07e28b664dc13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batterman, Stuart","contributorId":100806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batterman","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chernyak, Sergei","contributorId":98253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"Sergei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gwynn, Erica","contributorId":169638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwynn","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cantonwine, David","contributorId":169639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantonwine","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jia, Chunrong","contributorId":169640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jia","given":"Chunrong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70179829,"text":"70179829 - 2007 - Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:19:29","indexId":"70179829","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC)","docAbstract":"<p>Current analytical capabilities are allowing scientists to identify possible contaminants in the environment that were previously unmonitored or were present at concentrations too low for detection. New scientific evidence about the exposure pathways and potential impacts of some of these compounds on human or environmental health is regularly being published (Woodling et al., 2006; Drewes et al., 2005; Kinney et al., 2006; Gibs et al., 2007; Veldhoen et al., 2006). Recent news headlines have declared potential human health and ecological concerns regarding the occurrence of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in our environment. These are products that we regularly use (or create) in our homes, businesses, farms and industry, including plasticizers, flame retardants, detergents, pesticides and herbicides, antibacterial agents, steroids, antibiotics, and disinfection byproducts. These ‘emerging contaminants’ (ECs) are compounds that have recently been shown to occur widely in one or more environmental media, have been identified as being a potential public health or ecological risk, and yet adequate data are lacking to determine their actual risk (Younos, 2005; Soin and Smagghe, 2007; Hutchinson, 2007).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., and Battaglin, W.A., 2007, Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC): Water Resources Impact, v. May 2007, p. 22-24.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/impact/"}],"volume":"May 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d72e4b01dfadfff155f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Juliane B.","contributorId":74040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Juliane B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174216,"text":"70174216 - 2007 - Analysis of the sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) reproductive tract: A methods manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T14:39:55","indexId":"70174216","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"MMM 2007-002","title":"Analysis of the sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) reproductive tract: A methods manual","docAbstract":"<p>Reproduction in the female sea otter, Enhydra lutris, was relatively unstudied until Sinha et al. (1966) examined 140 reproductive tracts collected 1955-62 and used their findings to describe sea otter reproductive anatomy and biology. Two years later Sinha and Conaway (1968) published a more detailed paper on the ovary of the sea otter. These descriptive papers have been used as the basis for all subsequent studies of sea otter reproductive tracts.</p>\n<p>During biological collections of sea otters in the 1960s and 70s a large number of female carcasses became available to wildlife biologists. Using Sinha&rsquo;s research, Schneider (1973) analyzed 1,482 female reproductive tracts to determine the timing of reproduction, gestation period, age of sexual maturity, fetal sex ratio and growth rate of otters in the Aleutian Islands. A similar study was conducted by Bodkin et al. (1993) on a sample of 177 females collected after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Recently (von Biela 2007) examined 134 reproductive tracts obtained from beachcast and harvested otters across the three Alaskan population stocks as part of a Master&rsquo;s thesis.</p>\n<p>As with most life history data, comparisons among and within populations that differ in status relative to equilibrium densities provide useful data with which to test hypotheses about the cause and effects of changes in demographic rates such as reproductive rate. However, in order to make such comparisons, methods used in different periods must be comparable. The purpose of this manual is to explicitly describe how to collect and analyze sea otter reproductive tracts for the determination of reproductive rate, pregnancy rate, percentage of mature females, and timing of reproduction so that the data will be directly comparable to that collected in the past. The techniques presented in this manual have been used to study sea otter populations over the last 50 years, and maintaining such consistency is essential to comparisons in the future.</p>\n<p>This manual is based on the methods of previous researchers and draws heavily on the published and unpublished works of James Bodkin, Karl Kenyon, Calvin Lensink, Daniel Mulcahy, Karl Schneider, and Akhouri Sinha. Most invaluable to the production of this manual were the direct communications with Karl Schneider and Dan Mulcahy. In each instance, researchers have communicated with each other to attain comparable methods. Recognizing that researchers in the future may not have this luxury, this guide has been produced to preserve the technique. In addition to using this manual, researchers should consult with colleagues experienced in the analysis of mammalian reproductive tracts, preferably specific to sea otters. Individuals are encouraged to contact V. von Biela with any questions.</p>\n<p>Sea otter reproductive tracts have most commonly come from either intentional sampling through harvests (Sinah et al. 1966, Schneider 1975) or unintentional large scale mortalities (e.g. the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill) (Bodkin et al. 1993). Carcasses and reproductive tracts can also be obtained through the collection of fresh beach cast&nbsp;carcasses. Analysis of reproductive tracts should consider the source of carcasses as samples representing either the &ldquo;living&rdquo; or &ldquo;dead&rdquo; sea otter population, as they may differ in reproductive parameters. In most cases the reproductive tracts are fixed in formalin or frozen (minimum of &ndash;20˚C) immediately after collection; both methods are acceptable for later analysis of the tissue. Immediate fixation is preferred as it is a necessary step in analysis. Uteri and ovaries are then examined to determine the current and past reproductive history of each individual. This manual also includes an example datasheet (Appendix A) and glossary (Appendix B).&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammals Management","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., and Gill, V., 2007, Analysis of the sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) reproductive tract: A methods manual: Technical Report MMM 2007-002, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f19de4b07dd077c697d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Verena A.","contributorId":140658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Verena A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174801,"text":"70174801 - 2007 - Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:08:26","indexId":"70174801","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","docAbstract":"<p><span>In his seminal paper about using seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies, Cairns (1987, Biol Oceanogr 5:261&ndash;271) predicted that (1) parameters of seabird biology and behavior would vary in curvilinear fashion with changes in food supply, (2) the threshold of prey density over which birds responded would be different for each parameter, and (3) different seabird species would respond differently to variation in food availability depending on foraging behavior and ability to adjust time budgets. We tested these predictions using data collected at colonies of common murre&nbsp;</span><i>Uria aalge</i><span>&nbsp;and black-legged kittiwake&nbsp;</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i><span>&nbsp;in Cook Inlet, Alaska. (1) Of 22 seabird responses fitted with linear and non-linear functions, 16 responses exhibited significant curvilinear shapes, and Akaike&rsquo;s information criterion (AIC) analysis indicated that curvilinear functions provided the best-fitting model for 12 of those. (2) However, there were few differences among parameters in their threshold to prey density, presumably because most responses ultimately depend upon a single threshold for prey acquisition at sea. (3) There were similarities and some differences in how species responded to variability in prey density. Both murres and kittiwakes minimized variability (CV &lt; 15%) in their own body condition and growth of chicks in the face of high annual variability (CV = 69%) in local prey density. Whereas kittiwake breeding success (CV = 63%, r</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.89) reflected prey variability, murre breeding success did not (CV = 29%, r</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>&lt; 0.00). It appears that murres were able to buffer breeding success by reallocating discretionary &lsquo;loafing&rsquo; time to foraging effort in response (r</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.64) to declining prey density. Kittiwakes had little or no discretionary time, so fledging success was a more direct function of local prey density. Implications of these results for using &lsquo;seabirds as indicators&rsquo; are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps07078","issn":"0171-8630","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Harding, A., Shultz, M.T., Speckman, S., van Pelt, T.I., Drew, G.S., and Kettle, A.B., 2007, Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 352, p. 221-234, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07078.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"234","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0932e4b0c1aacab7d43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, Ann","contributorId":172489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, Michael T.","contributorId":172925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shultz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70174209,"text":"70174209 - 2007 - Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:43:55","indexId":"70174209","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5116,"text":"California Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fire risk models are widely utilized to mitigate wildfire hazards, but models are often based on expert opinions of less understood fire-ignition and spread processes. In this study, we used an empirically derived weights-of-evidence model to assess what factors produce fire ignitions east of San Diego, California. We created and validated a dynamic model of fire-ignition risk based on land characteristics and existing fire-ignition history data, and predicted ignition risk for a future urbanization scenario. We then combined our empirical ignition-risk model with a fuzzy fire behavior-risk model developed by wildfire experts to create a hybrid model of overall fire risk. We found that roads influence fire ignitions and that future growth will increase risk in new rural development areas. We conclude that empirically derived risk models and hybrid models offer an alternative method to assess current and future fire risk based on management actions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"California Geographical Society","usgsCitation":"Kolden, C.A., and Weigel, T.J., 2007, Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach: California Geographer, v. 47, p. 42-60.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f222e4b07dd077c69fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, Timothy J.","contributorId":172572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174197,"text":"70174197 - 2007 - Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T16:24:19","indexId":"70174197","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data","docAbstract":"<p>Fish escapement is generally monitored using nonreplicated systematic sampling designs (e.g., via visual counts from towers or hydroacoustic counts). These sampling designs support a variety of methods for estimating the variance of the total escapement. Unfortunately, all the methods give biased results, with the magnitude of the bias being determined by the underlying process patterns. Fish escapement commonly exhibits positive autocorrelation and nonlinear patterns, such as diurnal and seasonal patterns. For these patterns, poor choice of variance estimator can needlessly increase the uncertainty managers have to deal with in sustaining fish populations. We illustrate the effect of sampling design and variance estimator choice on variance estimates of total escapement for anadromous salmonids from systematic samples of fish passage. Using simulated tower counts of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka escapement on the Kvichak River, Alaska, five variance estimators for nonreplicated systematic samples were compared to determine the least biased. Using the least biased variance estimator, four confidence interval estimators were compared for expected coverage and mean interval width. Finally, five systematic sampling designs were compared to determine the design giving the smallest average variance estimate for total annual escapement. For nonreplicated systematic samples of fish escapement, all variance estimators were positively biased. Compared to the other estimators, the least biased estimator reduced bias by, on average, from 12% to 98%. All confidence intervals gave effectively identical results. Replicated systematic sampling designs consistently provided the smallest average estimated variance among those compared.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, J.H., Woody, C.A., Gove, N.E., and Fair, L.F., 2007, Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 121-129.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f20de4b07dd077c69e30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Joel H.","contributorId":140498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gove, Nancy E.","contributorId":172554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gove","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fair, Lowell F.","contributorId":172555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fair","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174194,"text":"70174194 - 2007 - Concordance of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers in detecting a founder event in Lake Clark sockeye salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T10:38:05","indexId":"70174194","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concordance of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers in detecting a founder event in Lake Clark sockeye salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\">Genetic bottleneck effects can reduce genetic variation, persistence probability, and evolutionary potential of populations. Previous microsatellite analysis suggested a bottleneck associated with a common founding of sock-eye&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">salmon</span>&nbsp;Oncorhynchus nerka populations of&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Clark</span>, Alaska, about 100 to 400 generations ago. The common founding<span class=\"searchword\">event</span>&nbsp;occurred after the last glacial recession and resulted in reduced allelic diversity and strong divergence of&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Clark</span><span class=\"searchword\">sockeye</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">salmon</span>&nbsp;relative to neighboring Six Mile&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>Iliamna populations. Here we used two additional genetic marker types (allozymes and mtDNA) to examine these patterns further. Allozyme and mtDNA results were congruent with the microsatellite data in suggesting a common&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">founder</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">event</span>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span><span class=\"searchword\">Clark</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">sockeye</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">salmon</span>&nbsp;and confirmed the divergence of&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Clark</span>populations from neighboring Six Mile&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>&nbsp;Iliamna populations. The use of multiple marker types provided better understanding of the bottleneck in&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Clark</span>. For example, the Sucker Bay Lake population had an exceptionally severe reduction in allelic diversity at microsatellite loci, but not at mtDNA. This suggests that the reduced microsatellite variation in Sucker Bay Lake fish is due to consistently smaller effective population size than other Lake Clark populations, rather than a more acute or additional bottleneck since founding. Caution is urged in using reduced heterozygosity as a measure of genetic bottleneck effects because stochastic variance among loci resulted in an overall increase in allozyme heterozygosity within bottlenecked Lake Clark populations. However, heterozygosity excess, which assesses heterozygosity relative to allelic variation, detected genetic bottleneck effects in both allozyme and microsatellite loci.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Ramstad, K.M., Woody, C.A., Habicht, C., Sage, G.K., Seeb, J.E., and Allendorf, F., 2007, Concordance of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers in detecting a founder event in Lake Clark sockeye salmon: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 31-50.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f1bee4b07dd077c699ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramstad, Kristina M.","contributorId":172547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramstad","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Habicht, Chris","contributorId":172549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Habicht","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seeb, James E.","contributorId":87003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":83432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred W.","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70174191,"text":"70174191 - 2007 - The blind men and the elephant: Concerns about the use of juvenile proportion data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:27:20","indexId":"70174191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5110,"text":"Stilt - The journal for the East Asian-Australasian Flyway","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The blind men and the elephant: Concerns about the use of juvenile proportion data","docAbstract":"<p>Juvenile proportion data in shorebirds are being used with increasing frequency to estimate recruitment and even breeding success. Although this area of investigation holds great promise, flaws in current study designs preclude great confidence in the broad-scale inferences being drawn. We present data from our own investigations on juvenile proportions in Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica in Alaska to illustrate the significance of some of these problems. We then explore issues of study design, specifically bias, precision, untested assumptions and the use of correlations for interpreting juvenile proportion data. The issue of bias is particularly important, because inferences about shorebird productivity are being expanded to geographic areas well beyond what the data legitimately allow. Until studies of juvenile proportions are more rigorously designed and implemented, we suggest that many of the inferences about shorebird productivity based on such data are premature and may lead to management decisions that are detrimental to the conservation of shorebirds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership","usgsCitation":"McCaffery, B.J., Handel, C.M., Gill, R., and Ruthrauff, D.R., 2007, The blind men and the elephant: Concerns about the use of juvenile proportion data: Stilt - The journal for the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, v. 50, p. 194-204.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2fde4b07dd077c6ad46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032735,"text":"70032735 - 2007 - Modeling management scenarios and the effects of an introduced apex predator on a coastal riverine fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032735","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling management scenarios and the effects of an introduced apex predator on a coastal riverine fish community","docAbstract":"The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, a carnivorous fish species native to most of the central interior basin of North America, has been introduced into at least 13 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province. Concurrent declines in abundance of native fishes have been reported in aquatic systems where flathead catfish have been introduced. To evaluate the potential impact of this invasive species on the native fish community we developed an ecosystem simulation model (including flathead catfish) based on empirical data collected from a North Carolina coastal river. The model results suggest that flathead catfish suppress native fish community biomass by 5-50% through both predatory and competitive interactions. However, our model suggests these reductions could be mitigated through sustained exploitation of flathead catfish by recreational or commercial fishers at rates equivalent to those for native flathead catfish populations (annual exploitation = 6-25%). These findings demonstrate the potential for using directed harvest of an invasive species to assist in restoring native communities. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-249.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Pine, W., Kwak, T., and Rice, J., 2007, Modeling management scenarios and the effects of an introduced apex predator on a coastal riverine fish community: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 1, p. 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-249.1.","startPage":"105","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-249.1"},{"id":241632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c08e4b0c8380cd6f9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":56759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pine","given":"William E.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031442,"text":"70031442 - 2007 - Near-fault peak ground velocity from earthquake and laboratory data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T11:18:44.358195","indexId":"70031442","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-fault peak ground velocity from earthquake and laboratory data","docAbstract":"We test the hypothesis that peak ground velocity (PGV) has an upper bound independent of earthquake magnitude and that this bound is controlled primarily by the strength of the seismogenic crust. The highest PGVs, ranging up to several meters per second, have been measured at sites within a few kilometers of the causative faults. Because the database for near-fault PGV is small, we use earthquake slip models, laboratory experiments, and evidence from a mining-induced earthquake to investigate the factors influencing near-fault PGV and the nature of its scaling. For each earthquake slip model we have calculated the peak slip rates for all subfaults and then chosen the maximum of these rates as an estimate of twice the largest near-fault PGV. Nine slip models for eight earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from 6.5 to 7.6, yielded maximum peak slip rates ranging from 2.3 to 12 m/sec with a median of 5.9 m/sec. By making several adjustments, PGVs for small earthquakes can be simulated from peak slip rates measured during laboratory stick-slip experiments. First, we adjust the PGV for differences in the state of stress (i.e., the difference between the laboratory loading stresses and those appropriate for faults at seismogenic depths). To do this, we multiply both the slip and the peak slip rate by the ratio of the effective normal stresses acting on fault planes measured at 6.8 km depth at the KTB site, Germany (deepest available in situ stress measurements), to those acting on the laboratory faults. We also adjust the seismic moment by replacing the laboratory fault with a buried circular shear crack whose radius is chosen to match the experimental unloading stiffness. An additional, less important adjustment is needed for experiments run in triaxial loading conditions. With these adjustments, peak slip rates for 10 stick-slip events, with scaled moment magnitudes from -2.9 to 1.0, range from 3.3 to 10.3 m/sec, with a median of 5.4 m/sec. Both the earthquake and laboratory results are consistent with typical maximum peak slip rates averaging between 5 and 6 m/sec or corresponding maximum near-fault PGVs between 2.5 and 3 m/sec at seismogenic depths, independent of magnitude. Our ability to replicate maximum slip rates in the fault zones of earthquakes by adjusting the corresponding laboratory rates using the ratio of effective normal stresses acting on the fault planes suggests that the strength of the seismogenic crust is the important factor limiting the near-fault PGV.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120060268","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Fletcher, J.B., 2007, Near-fault peak ground velocity from earthquake and laboratory data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 5, p. 1502-1510, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060268.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1502","endPage":"1510","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63dce4b0c8380cd7273d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031251,"text":"70031251 - 2007 - Population response to habitat fragmentation in a stream-dwelling brook trout population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031251","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population response to habitat fragmentation in a stream-dwelling brook trout population","docAbstract":"Fragmentation can strongly influence population persistence and expression of life-history strategies in spatially-structured populations. In this study, we directly estimated size-specific dispersal, growth, and survival of stream-dwelling brook trout in a stream network with connected and naturally-isolated tributaries. We used multiple-generation, individual-based data to develop and parameterize a size-class and location-based population projection model, allowing us to test effects of fragmentation on population dynamics at local (i.e., subpopulation) and system-wide (i.e., metapopulation) scales, and to identify demographic rates which influence the persistence of isolated and fragmented populations. In the naturally-isolated tributary, persistence was associated with higher early juvenile survival (-45% greater), shorter generation time (one-half) and strong selection against large body size compared to the open system, resulting in a stage-distribution skewed towards younger, smaller fish. Simulating barriers to upstream migration into two currently-connected tribuory populations caused rapid (2-6 generations) local extinction. These local extinctions in turn increased the likelihood of system-wide extinction, as tributaries could no longer function as population sources. Extinction could be prevented in the open system if sufficient immigrants from downstream areas were available, but the influx of individuals necessary to counteract fragmentation effects was high (7-46% of the total population annually). In the absence of sufficient immigration, a demographic change (higher early survival characteristic of the isolated tributary) was also sufficient to rescue the population from fragmentation, suggesting that the observed differences in size distributions between the naturally-isolated and open system may reflect an evolutionary response to isolation. Combined with strong genetic divergence between the isolated tributary and open system, these results suggest that local adaptation can 'rescue' isolated populations, particularly in one-dimensional stream networks where both natural and anthropegenically-mediated isolation is common. However, whether rescue will occur before extinction depends critically on the race between adaptation and reduced survival in response to fragmentation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0001139","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Nislow, K., Coombs, J., O'Donnell, M., and Dubreuil, T., 2007, Population response to habitat fragmentation in a stream-dwelling brook trout population: PLoS ONE, v. 2, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001139.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476992,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001139"},{"id":238717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d8ae4b0c8380cd79feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nislow, K.H.","contributorId":66477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, J.A.","contributorId":91295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Donnell, M. J. 0000-0002-9089-2377","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-2377","contributorId":23670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubreuil, T.L.","contributorId":106697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubreuil","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016432,"text":"1016432 - 2007 - Arthropod prey of Wilson's Warblers in the understory of Douglas-fir forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T16:54:23.117013","indexId":"1016432","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arthropod prey of Wilson's Warblers in the understory of Douglas-fir forests","docAbstract":"<p><span>Availability of food resources is an important factor in avian habitat selection. Food resources for terrestrial birds often are closely related to vegetation structure and composition. Identification of plant species important in supporting food resources may facilitate vegetation management to achieve objectives for providing bird habitat. We used fecal analysis to describe the diet of adult Wilson's Warblers (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Wilsonia pusilla</span></i><span>) that foraged in the understory of Douglas-fir (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Pseudotsuga menziesii</span></i><span>) forests in western Oregon during the breeding season. We sampled arthropods at the same sites where diet data were collected, and compared abundance and biomass of prey among seven common shrub species. Wilson's Warblers ate more caterpillars (Lepidoptera larvae), flies (Diptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and Homoptera than expected based on availability. Deciduous shrubs supported higher abundances of arthropod taxa and size classes used as prey by Wilson's Warblers than did evergreen shrubs. The development and maintenance of deciduous understory vegetation in conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest may be fundamental for conservation of food webs that support breeding Wilson's Warblers and other shrub-associated, insectivorous songbirds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/06-056.1","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J.C., Dugger, K., and Starkey, E.E., 2007, Arthropod prey of Wilson's Warblers in the understory of Douglas-fir forests: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 119, no. 4, p. 533-546, https://doi.org/10.1676/06-056.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"546","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.35,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.35,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.35,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, Joan C. 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":57034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Kate","contributorId":51709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starkey, Edward E.","contributorId":29778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2001145,"text":"2001145 - 2007 - Bacteriological water quality in and around Lake Pontchartrain following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T14:57:32.499999","indexId":"2001145","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"7H","title":"Bacteriological water quality in and around Lake Pontchartrain following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita","docAbstract":"Following the Louisiana landfalls of Katrina on August 29 and Rita on September 24, 2005, the local population and the American public were concerned about the effects the hurricanes might have on water quality in Lake Pontchartrain. The lake is a major recreational resource for the region and an important fishery. Contamination carried by the storm surge—along with runoff and water pumped from flooded areas of New Orleans—was considered a serious threat to the water body. The USGS, in collaboration with the LDEQ, monitored the sanitary quality of water at 22 sites in and around Lake Pontchartrain, La., for 3 consecutive weeks from September 13 to 29, 2005 (fig. 1). A subsequent multipleagency survey of 30 sites within Lake Pontchartrain was undertaken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the USGS, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration during the week of October 11–14, 2005, to evaluate the effects of the hurricanes and overall levels of fecal contamination on the water quality of the lake (see Heitmuller and Perez, this volume). In addition, the EPA monitored fecal-indicator concentrations at a variety of sites in New Orleans, surrounding areas, and the Mississippi River between September 3 and October 22, 2005 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006). This article describes fecal-indicator bacteria concentration results collected by USGS in the context of other existing data.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/2001145","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 7H in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir1306\" target=\"_blank\">Circular 1306</a> for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Demcheck, D.K., Stoeckel, D.M., Bushon, R.N., Blehert, D., and Hippe, D.J., 2007, Bacteriological water quality in and around Lake Pontchartrain following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/2001145.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"},{"id":15584,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch7_h.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"3796.000000000000000"},{"id":198480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_7h.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.62,29.9 ], [ -90.62,30.54 ], [ -89.64,30.54 ], [ -89.64,29.9 ], [ -90.62,29.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":325464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeckel, Donald M.","contributorId":78384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":1816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":325461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hippe, Daniel J. djhippe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hippe","given":"Daniel","email":"djhippe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":325462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031102,"text":"70031102 - 2007 - Relationship between evapotranspiration and precipitation pulses in a semiarid rangeland estimated by moisture flux towers and MODIS vegetation indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031102","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between evapotranspiration and precipitation pulses in a semiarid rangeland estimated by moisture flux towers and MODIS vegetation indices","docAbstract":"We used moisture Bowen ratio flux tower data and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite to measure and scale evapotranspiration (ET) over sparsely vegetated grassland and shrubland sites in a semiarid watershed in southeastern Arizona from 2000 to 2004. The grassland tower site had higher mean annual ET (336 mm yr-1) than the shrubland tower site (266 mm yr-1) (P<0.001). ET measured at the individual tower sites was strongly correlated with EVI (r=0.80-0.94). ET was moderately correlated with precipitation (P), and only weakly correlated with net radiation or air temperature. The strong correlation between ET and EVI, as opposed to the moderate correlation with rainfall, suggests that transpiration (T) is the dominant process controlling ET at these sites. ET could be adequately predicted from EVI and P across seasons and tower sites (r2 = 0.74) by a single multiple regression equation. The regression equation relating ET to EVI and P was used to scale ET over 25 km2 areas of grassland and shrubland around each tower site. Over the study, ratios of T to ET ranged from 0.75 to 1.0. Winter rains stimulated spring ET, and a large rain event in fall, 2000, stimulated ET above T through the following year, indicating that winter rain stored in the soil profile can be an important component of the plants' water budget during the warm season in this ecosystem. We conclude that remotely sensed vegetation indices can be used to scale ground measurements of ET over larger landscape units in semiarid ranglelands, and that the vegetation communities in this landscape effectively harvest the available precipitation over a period of years, even though precipitation patterns are variably seasonally and interannually. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.026","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P., Glenn, E.P., Kim, H., Emmerich, W., Scott, R., Huxman, T., and Huete, A., 2007, Relationship between evapotranspiration and precipitation pulses in a semiarid rangeland estimated by moisture flux towers and MODIS vegetation indices: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 70, no. 3, p. 443-462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.026.","startPage":"443","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.026"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a730e4b0e8fec6cdc3ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, H.","contributorId":66478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emmerich, W.","contributorId":41649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmerich","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, R.L.","contributorId":103865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huxman, T. E.","contributorId":33825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huete, A.R.","contributorId":54401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1016418,"text":"1016418 - 2007 - Fix success and accuracy of GPS radio collars in old-growth temperate coniferous forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T16:22:42.327606","indexId":"1016418","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fix success and accuracy of GPS radio collars in old-growth temperate coniferous forests","docAbstract":"<p>Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry is used extensively to study animal distribution and resource selection patterns but is susceptible to biases resulting from data omission and spatial inaccuracies. These data errors may cause misinterpretation of wildlife habitat selection or spatial use patterns. We used both stationary test collars and collared free-ranging American black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) to quantify systemic data loss and location error of GPS telemetry in mountainous, old-growth temperate forests of Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. We developed predictive models of environmental factors that influence the probability of obtaining GPS locations and evaluated the ability of weighting factors derived from these models to mitigate data omission biases from collared bears. We also examined the effects of microhabitat on collar fix success rate and examined collar accuracy as related to elevation changes between successive fixes. The probability of collars successfully obtaining location fixes was positively associated with elevation and unobstructed satellite view and was negatively affected by the interaction of overstory canopy and satellite view. Test collars were 33% more successful at acquiring fixes than those on bears. Fix success rates of collared bears varied seasonally and diurnally. Application of weighting factors to individual collared bear fixes recouped only 6% of lost data and failed to reduce seasonal or diurnal variation in fix success, suggesting that variables not included in our model contributed to data loss. Test collars placed to mimic bear bedding sites received 16% fewer fixes than randomly placed collars, indicating that microhabitat selection may contribute to data loss for wildlife equipped with GPS collars. Horizontal collar errors of &gt;800 m occurred when elevation changes between successive fixes were &gt;400 m. We conclude that significant limitations remain in accounting for data loss and error inherent in using GPS telemetry in coniferous forest ecosystems and that, at present, resource selection patterns of large mammals derived from GPS telemetry should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2193/2006-367","usgsCitation":"Sager-Fradkin, K.A., Jenkins, K.J., Hoffman, R.L., Happe, P., Beecham, J., and Wright, R., 2007, Fix success and accuracy of GPS radio collars in old-growth temperate coniferous forests: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 4, p. 1298-1308, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-367.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1298","endPage":"1308","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.26086425781249,\n              47.543163654317304\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.882080078125,\n              47.543163654317304\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.882080078125,\n              47.97153658265933\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.26086425781249,\n              47.97153658265933\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.26086425781249,\n              47.543163654317304\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eeeaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly A.","contributorId":87103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sager-Fradkin","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Happe, P.","contributorId":12013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beecham, J.","contributorId":31364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beecham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016425,"text":"1016425 - 2007 - The state of the art in raptor electrocution research: A global review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T17:50:21.526996","indexId":"1016425","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The state of the art in raptor electrocution research: A global review","docAbstract":"We systematically reviewed the raptor electrocution literature to evaluate study designs and methods used in raptor electrocution research, mitigation, and monitoring, emphasizing original research published in English. Specifically, we wondered if three decades of effort to reduce raptor electrocutions has had positive effects. The majority of literature examined came from North America, western Europe, and South Africa. In spite of intensive and often sustained effort by industry and governments across three continents for 30 years, reductions in the incidence of electrocution have been demonstrated in only a few studies. Reliable rate estimates of electrocution mortality generally are unavailable, with some exceptions.\r\nNearly half of 110 studies we analyzed in detail were retrospective reviews of historical mortality records, banding data, or results of necropsies on dead birds received at pathology and veterinary facilities. Among prospective studies, less than half used unbiased approaches to sampling and many did not provide enough detail to assess the sampling design used. At this time, few researchers can demonstrate the reliability of standardized retrofitting procedures or the effectiveness of monitoring techniques. Future progress in reducing raptor mortalities on power lines will benefit from properly designed studies that generate rate estimates of mortality, address biasing factors, and include predictions concerning risk and techniques to reduce risk that can be tested in the field or laboratory.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.015","usgsCitation":"Lehman, R.N., Kennedy, P., and Savidge, J.A., 2007, The state of the art in raptor electrocution research: A global review: Biological Conservation, v. 136, no. 2, p. 159-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.015.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Robert N.","contributorId":47746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, P.L.","contributorId":78680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008607,"text":"1008607 - 2007 - Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:48:46","indexId":"1008607","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildland fires are expected to become more frequent and severe in many ecosystems, potentially posing a threat to many sensitive species. We evaluated the effects of a large, stand-replacement wildfire on three species of pond-breeding amphibians by estimating changes in occupancy of breeding sites during the three years before and after the fire burned 42 of 83 previously surveyed wetlands. Annual occupancy and colonization for each species was estimated using recently developed models that incorporate detection probabilities to provide unbiased parameter estimates. We did not find negative effects of the fire on the occupancy or colonization rates of the long-toed salamander (</span><i>Ambystoma macrodactylum</i><span>). Instead, its occupancy was higher across the study area after the fire, possibly in response to a large snowpack that may have facilitated colonization of unoccupied wetlands. Na&iuml;ve data (uncorrected for detection probability) for the Columbia spotted frog (</span><i>Rana luteiventris</i><span>) initially led to the conclusion of increased occupancy and colonization in wetlands that burned. After accounting for temporal and spatial variation in detection probabilities, however, it was evident that these parameters were relatively stable in both areas before and after the fire. We found a similar discrepancy between na&iuml;ve and estimated occupancy of&nbsp;</span><i>A. macrodactylum</i><span>&nbsp;that resulted from different detection probabilities in burned and control wetlands. The boreal toad (</span><i>Bufo boreas</i><span>) was not found breeding in the area prior to the fire but colonized several wetlands the year after they burned. Occupancy by&nbsp;</span><i>B. boreas</i><span>&nbsp;then declined during years 2 and 3 following the fire. Our study suggests that the amphibian populations we studied are resistant to wildfire and that&nbsp;</span><i>B. boreas</i><span>&nbsp;may experience short-term benefits from wildfire. Our data also illustrate how na&iuml;ve presence&ndash;non-detection data can provide misleading results.</span><br /><span><br /></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/06-2037.1","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., and Corn, P., 2007, Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 5, p. 1403-1410, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2037.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1403","endPage":"1410","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.49426269531249,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.98291015625,\n              48.98382212608503\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.64233398437499,\n              48.61112192003074\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.1534423828125,\n              48.39638531208806\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.40087890624999,\n              48.68733411186308\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.49426269531249,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008663,"text":"1008663 - 2007 - Empirical evaluation of decision support systems: Needs, definitions, potential methods, and an example pertaining to waterfowl management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T10:31:33","indexId":"1008663","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical evaluation of decision support systems: Needs, definitions, potential methods, and an example pertaining to waterfowl management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Decision support systems are often not empirically evaluated, especially the underlying modelling components. This can be attributed to such systems necessarily being designed to handle complex and poorly structured problems and decision making. Nonetheless, evaluation is critical and should be focused on empirical testing whenever possible. Verification and validation, in combination, comprise such evaluation. Verification is ensuring that the system is internally complete, coherent, and logical from a modelling and programming perspective. Validation is examining whether the system is realistic and useful to the user or decision maker, and should answer the question: &ldquo;Was the system successful at addressing its intended purpose?&rdquo; A rich literature exists on verification and validation of expert systems and other artificial intelligence methods; however, no single evaluation methodology has emerged as preeminent. At least five approaches to validation are feasible. First, under some conditions, decision support system performance can be tested against a preselected gold standard. Second, real-time and historic data sets can be used for comparison with simulated output. Third, panels of experts can be judiciously used, but often are not an option in some ecological domains. Fourth, sensitivity analysis of system outputs in relation to inputs can be informative. Fifth, when validation of a complete system is impossible, examining major components can be substituted, recognizing the potential pitfalls. I provide an example of evaluation of a decision support system for trumpeter swan (</span><i>Cygnus buccinator</i><span>) management that I developed using interacting intelligent agents, expert systems, and a queuing system. Predicted swan distributions over a 13-year period were assessed against observed numbers. Population survey numbers and banding (ringing) studies may provide long term data useful in empirical evaluation of decision support.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.07.023","usgsCitation":"Sojda, R., 2007, Empirical evaluation of decision support systems: Needs, definitions, potential methods, and an example pertaining to waterfowl management: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 22, no. 2, p. 269-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.07.023.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"277","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sojda, R.S.","contributorId":99075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174198,"text":"70174198 - 2007 - Tower counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T12:00:31","indexId":"70174198","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tower counts","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\">Counting towers provide an accurate, low-cost, low-maintenance, low-technology, and easily mobilized escapement estimation program compared to other methods (e.g., weirs, hydroacoustics, mark-recapture, and aerial surveys) (Thompson 1962; Siebel 1967; Cousens et al. 1982; Symons and Waldichuk 1984; Anderson 2000; Alaska Department of Fish and Game 2003). Counting&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">tower</span>&nbsp;data has been found to be consistent with that of digital video&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">counts</span>&nbsp;(Edwards 2005). Counting towers do not interfere with natural fish migration patterns, nor are fish handled or stressed; however, their use is generally limited to clear rivers that meet specific site selection criteria. The data provided by counting&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">tower</span>&nbsp;sampling allow fishery managers to determine reproductive population size, estimate total return (escapement + catch) and its uncertainty, evaluate population productivity and trends, set harvest rates, determine spawning escapement goals, and forecast future returns (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1974-2000 and 1975-2004). The number of spawning fish is determined by subtracting subsistence, sport-caught fish, and prespawn mortality from the total estimated escapement. The methods outlined in this protocol for tower counts can be used to provide reasonable estimates ( plus or minus 6%-10%) of reproductive salmon population size and run timing in clear rivers.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Salmonid Field Protocols Handbook: Techniques for Assessing Status and Trends in Salmon and Trout Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":14,"text":"Instruction"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"9781888569926","usgsCitation":"Woody, C.A., 2007, Tower counts, chap. <i>of</i> Salmonid Field Protocols Handbook: Techniques for Assessing Status and Trends in Salmon and Trout Populations, p. 363-384.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"384","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f305e4b07dd077c6adfe","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641256,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrier, Brianna M.","contributorId":172557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrier","given":"Brianna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641257,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neal, Jennifer S.","contributorId":147875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neal","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641258,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knutzen, John A.","contributorId":172558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutzen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641259,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Augerot, Xanthippe","contributorId":172559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augerot","given":"Xanthippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641260,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Neal, Thomas A.","contributorId":172560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641261,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pearsons, Todd N.","contributorId":95345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearsons","given":"Todd N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641262,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70161105,"text":"70161105 - 2007 - Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T10:20:31","indexId":"70161105","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1_300\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Background</h3>\n<p class=\"Para\">Sirenia (manatees, dugongs and Stellar's sea cow) have no evolutionary relationship with other marine mammals, despite similarities in adaptations and body shape. Recent phylogenomic results place Sirenia in Afrotheria and with elephants and rock hyraxes in Paenungulata. Sirenia and Hyracoidea are the two afrotherian orders as yet unstudied by comparative molecular cytogenetics. Here we report on the chromosome painting of the Florida manatee.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec2_300\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Results</h3>\n<p class=\"Para\">The human autosomal and X chromosome paints delimited a total of 44 homologous segments in the manatee genome. The synteny of nine of the 22 human autosomal chromosomes (4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 18 and 20) and the X chromosome were found intact in the manatee. The syntenies of other human chromosomes were disrupted in the manatee genome into two to five segments. The hybridization pattern revealed that 20 (15 unique) associations of human chromosome segments are found in the manatee genome: 1/15, 1/19, 2/3 (twice), 3/7 (twice), 3/13, 3/21, 5/21, 7/16, 8/22, 10/12 (twice), 11/20, 12/22 (three times), 14/15, 16/19 and 18/19.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec3_300\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Conclusion</h3>\n<p class=\"Para\">There are five derived chromosome traits that strongly link elephants with manatees in Tethytheria and give implicit support to Paenungulata: the associations 2/3, 3/13, 8/22, 18/19 and the loss of the ancestral eutherian 4/8 association. It would be useful to test these conclusions with chromosome painting in hyraxes. The manatee chromosome painting data confirm that the associations 1/19 and 5/21 phylogenetically link afrotherian species and show that Afrotheria is a natural clade. The association 10/12/22 is also ubiquitous in Afrotheria (clade I), present in Laurasiatheria (clade IV), only partially present in Xenarthra (10/12, clade II) and absent in Euarchontoglires (clade III). If Afrotheria is basal to eutherians, this association could be part of the ancestral eutherian karyotype. If afrotherians are not at the root of the eutherian tree, then the 10/12/22 association could be one of a suite of derived associations linking afrotherian taxa.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1471-2148-7-6","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, M.E., Burkett, S., Dennis, T.R., Stone, G., Gray, B.A., McGuire, P.M., Zori, R.T., and Stanyon, R., 2007, Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata: BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 7, no. 6, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf73ee4b0e7a44bc0f13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Margaret E.","contributorId":151206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkett, Sandra","contributorId":151207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burkett","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennis, Thomas R.","contributorId":151208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dennis","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Gary","contributorId":151223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, Brian A.","contributorId":47226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, Peter M.","contributorId":45816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zori, Roberto T.","contributorId":71515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zori","given":"Roberto","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanyon, Roscoe","contributorId":151238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanyon","given":"Roscoe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70156000,"text":"70156000 - 2007 - A project for monitoring trends in burn severity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:22:30","indexId":"70156000","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A project for monitoring trends in burn severity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Jeff Eidenshink, Brian Schwind, Ken Brewer, Zhi-Liang Zhu, Brad Quayle, and Elected officials and leaders of environmental agencies need information about the effects of large wildfires in order to set policy and make management decisions. Recently, the Wildland Fire Leadership Council (WFLC), which implements and coordinates the National Fire Plan (NFP) and Federal Wildland Fire Management Policies (National Fire Plan 2004), adopted a strategy to monitor the effectiveness of the National Fire Plan and the Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA). One component of this strategy is to assess the environmental impacts of large wildland fires and identify the trends of burn severity on all lands across the United States. To that end, WFLC has sponsored a six-year project, Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), which requires the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA-FS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map and assess the burn severity for all large current and historical fires. Using Landsat data and the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm, the USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) and USDA-FS Remote Sensing Applications Center will map burn severity of all fires since 1984 greater than 202 ha (500ac) in the east, and 404 ha (1,000 ac) in the west. The number of historical fires from this period combined with current fires occurring during the course of the project will exceed 9,000. The MTBS project will generate burn severity data, maps, and reports, which will be available for use at local, state, and national levels to evaluate trends in burn severity and help develop and assess the effectiveness of land management decisions. Additionally, the information developed will provide a baseline from which to monitor the recovery and health of fire-affected landscapes over time. Spatial and tabular data quantifying burn severity will augment existing information used to estimate risk associated with a range of current and future resource threats. The annual report of 2004 fires has been completed. All data and results will be distributed to the public on a Web site. A Project for Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0301003","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., Schwind, B., Brewer, K., Zhu, Z., Quayle, B., and Howard, S.M., 2007, A project for monitoring trends in burn severity: Fire Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 3-21, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0301003.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0301003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2fe4b08400b1fdb6e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":567606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwind, Brian","contributorId":146378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwind","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewer, Ken","contributorId":146379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, Zhu-Liang","contributorId":146380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhu-Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quayle, Brad","contributorId":146381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quayle","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70156270,"text":"70156270 - 2007 - A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T15:11:20.909057","indexId":"70156270","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10-05","title":"A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","docAbstract":"<p>The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), use different field methods for collecting macroinvertebrate samples and habitat data for bioassessment purposes. Arizona’s Biocriteria index was developed using a riffle habitat sampling methodology, whereas the EMAP method employs a multi-habitat sampling protocol. There was a need to demonstrate comparability of these different bioassessment methodologies to allow use of the EMAP multi-habitat protocol for both statewide probabilistic assessments for integration of the EMAP data into the national (305b) assessment and for targeted in-state bioassessments for 303d determinations of standards violations and impaired aquatic life conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the two methods yield similar bioassessment results, such that the data could be used interchangeably in water quality assessments. In this Regional EMAP grant funded project, a probabilistic survey of 30 sites in the Little Colorado River basin was conducted in the spring of 2007. Macroinvertebrate and habitat data were collected using both ADEQ and EMAP sampling methods, from adjacent reaches within these stream channels.</p><p>All analyses indicated that the two macroinvertebrate sampling methods were significantly correlated. ADEQ and EMAP samples were classified into the same scoring categories (meeting, inconclusive, violating the biocriteria standard) 82% of the time. When the ADEQ-IBI was applied to both the ADEQ and EMAP taxa lists, the resulting IBI scores were significantly correlated (r=0.91), even though only 4 of the 7 metrics in the IBI were significantly correlated. The IBI scores from both methods were significantly correlated to the percent of riffle habitat, even though the average percent riffle habitat was only 30% of the stream reach. Multivariate analyses found that the percent riffle was an important attribute for both datasets in classifying IBI scores into assessment categories.</p><p>Habitat measurements generated from EMAP and ADEQ methods were also significantly correlated; 13 of 16 habitat measures were significantly correlated (p&lt;0.01). The visual-based percentage estimates of percent riffle and pool habitats, vegetative cover and percent canopy cover, and substrate measurements of percent fine substrate and embeddedness were all remarkably similar, given the different field methods used. A multivariate analysis identified substrate and flow conditions, as well as canopy cover as important combinations of habitat attributes affecting both IBI scores. These results indicate that similar habitat measures can be obtained using two different field sampling protocols. In addition, similar combinations of these habitat parameters were important to macroinvertebrate community condition in multivariate analyses of both ADEQ and EMAP datasets.</p><p>These results indicate the two sampling methods for macroinvertebrates and habitat data were very similar in terms of bioassessment results and stressors. While the bioassessment category was not identical for all sites, overall the assessments were significantly correlated, providing similar bioassessment results for the cold water streams used in this study. The findings of this study indicate that ADEQ can utilize either a riffle-based sampling methodology or a multi-habitat sampling approach in cold water streams as both yield similar results relative to the macroinvertebrate assemblage. These results will allow for use of either macroinvertebrate dataset to determine water quality standards compliance with the ADEQ Indexes of Biological Integrity, for which threshold values were just recently placed into the Arizona Surface Water Quality Standards. While this survey did not include warm water desert streams of Arizona, we would predict that EMAP and ADEQ sampling methodologies would provide similar bioassessment results and would not be significantly different, as we have found that the percent riffle habitat in cold and warm water perennial, wadeable streams is not significantly different. However, a comparison study of sampling methodologies in warm water streams should be conducted to confirm the predicted similarity of bioassessment results. ADEQ will continue to implement a monitoring strategy that includes probabilistic monitoring for a statewide ecological assessment of stream conditions. Conclusions from this study will guide decisions regarding the most appropriate sampling methods for future probabilistic monitoring sample plans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Spindler, P., and Paretti, N.V., 2007, A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007: Open-File Report 10-05, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://azdeq.gov/surface-water-reports"},{"id":306884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05225085860557,\n              33.997147907235785\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.04106100464412,\n              35.15461273818636\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02896638603738,\n              35.17081103556828\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02896638603738,\n              35.05951329223615\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18135500293924,\n              35.01940890226042\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.11604559569567,\n              34.930217592804965\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18135500293924,\n              34.76942868845617\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.14325784871377,\n              34.675490175745026\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.83303816430666,\n              34.39303515518253\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75684385585603,\n              34.410997280051035\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.55003073291795,\n              34.42895554846932\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37587231360197,\n              34.35709933984734\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.29423555454736,\n              34.42446634295791\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.14728938824946,\n              34.384052646872874\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91870646289696,\n              34.29417457634274\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74454804358068,\n              34.177189196638395\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5921594266791,\n              34.16818359070621\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.37990385313734,\n              34.01494136859705\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3418066989122,\n              33.8885337937307\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.17309073019959,\n              33.90660351226566\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.83565879277435,\n              33.94273145971013\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.69959752768384,\n              33.93821630426183\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5689787131967,\n              33.96078968665205\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.53632400957491,\n              33.59889828847642\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.3896827960308,\n              33.56287969227705\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2155243767145,\n              33.71693475565631\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18286967309271,\n              33.93395436276049\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05225085860557,\n              33.997147907235785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8b41e4b0824b2d14a9d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spindler, Patrice","contributorId":146624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spindler","given":"Patrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nick V.","contributorId":146625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160501,"text":"70160501 - 2007 - Procedures for the salvage and necropsy of the dugong (Dugong dugon)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T10:11:46","indexId":"70160501","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"seriesNumber":"85","subseriesTitle":"Research Publication","title":"Procedures for the salvage and necropsy of the dugong (Dugong dugon)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data and specimens collected from dugong carcasses and live stranded individuals provide vital information for research and management agencies. The ability to assign a cause of death (natural and/or human induced) to a carcass assists managers to identify major threats to a population in certain areas and to evaluate and adapt management measures. Data collected</span><br /><span>from dugong carcasses have contributed to research in areas such as life history, feeding biology, investigating the stock structure/genetics of dugongs, contaminants studies, heavy metal analyses, parasitology, and the effects of habitat change. Adapted from the 'Manual of Procedures for the Salvage and Necropsy of Carcasses of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus),' this manual provides a detailed guide for dugong (Dugong dugon) carcass handling and necropsy procedures. It is intended to be used as a resource and training guide for anyone involved in dugong incidents who may lack dugong expertise.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority","usgsCitation":"Eros, C., Marsh, H., Bonde, R.K., O’Shea, T.A., Beck, C.A., Recchia, C., Dobbs, K., Turner, M., Lemm, S., Pears, R., and Bowater, R., 2007, Procedures for the salvage and necropsy of the dugong (Dugong dugon) (2), 98 p.","productDescription":"98 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930d0e4b0da412f4fb584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eros, Carole","contributorId":150771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eros","given":"Carole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, Helene","contributorId":150772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsh","given":"Helene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas A.","contributorId":97561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, Cathy A. 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":2919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Recchia, Cheri","contributorId":150773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Recchia","given":"Cheri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dobbs, Kirstin","contributorId":150774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobbs","given":"Kirstin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turner, Malcolm","contributorId":150775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lemm, Stephanie","contributorId":150776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemm","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pears, Rachel","contributorId":150777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pears","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bowater, Rachel","contributorId":150778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowater","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
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