{"pageNumber":"880","pageRowStart":"21975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68935,"records":[{"id":97182,"text":"sir20085148 - 2008 - Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:22:37.046315","indexId":"sir20085148","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5148","title":"Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005","docAbstract":"

Mercury in precipitation was monitored during 2004–2005 at five locations in Indiana as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program–Mercury Deposition Network (NADP–MDN). Monitoring stations were operated at Roush Lake near Huntington, Clifty Falls State Park near Madison, Fort Harrison State Park near Indianapolis, Monroe County Regional Airport near Bloomington, and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore near Porter. At these monitoring stations, precipitation amounts were measured continuously and weekly samples were collected for analysis of mercury by methods achieving detection limits as low as 0.05 ng/L (nanograms per liter). Wet deposition was computed as the product of mercury concentration and precipitation. The data were analyzed for seasonal patterns, temporal trends, and geographic differences.

In the 2 years, 520 weekly samples were collected at the 5 monitoring stations and 448 of these samples had sufficient precipitation to compute mercury wet deposition. The 2-year mean mercury concentration at the five monitoring stations (normalized to the sample volume) was 10.6 ng/L. As a reference for comparison, the total mercury concentration in 41 percent of the samples analyzed was greater than the statewide Indiana water-quality standard for mercury (12 ng/L, protecting aquatic life) and 99 percent of the concentrations exceeded the most conservative Indiana water-quality criterion (1.3 ng/L, protecting wild mammals and birds). The normalized annual mercury concentration at Clifty Falls in 2004 was the fourth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America that year. In 2005, the mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls and Indiana Dunes were the ninth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America.

At the five monitoring stations during the study period, the mean weekly total mercury deposition was 0.208 µg/m2 (micrograms per square meter) and mean annual total mercury deposition was 10.8 µg/m2. The annual mercury deposition at Clifty Falls in 2004 and 2005 was in the top 25 percent of the NADP–MDN stations in eastern North America.

Mercury concentrations and deposition varied at the five monitoring stations during 2004–2005. Mercury concentrations in wet-deposition samples ranged from 1.2 to 116.6 ng/L and weekly mercury deposition ranged from 0.002 to 1.74 µg/m2. Data from weekly samples exhibited seasonal patterns. During April through September, total mercury concentrations and deposition were higher than the median for all samples. Annual precipitation at four of the five monitoring stations was within 10 percent of normal both years, with the exception of Indiana Dunes, where precipitation was 23 percent below normal in 2005.

Episodes of high mercury deposition, which were the top 10 percent of weekly mercury deposition at the five monitoring stations, contributed 39 percent of all mercury deposition during 2004–2005. Mercury deposition more than 1.04 µg/m2 (5 times the mean weekly deposition) was recorded for 12 samples. These episodes of highest mercury deposition were recorded at all five monitoring stations, but the most (7 of 12) were at Clifty Falls and contributed 34.4 percent of the total deposition at that station during 2004–2005. Weekly samples with high mercury deposition may help to explain the differences in annual mercury deposition among the five monitoring stations in Indiana.

A statistical evaluation of the monitoring data for 2001–2005 indicated several statistically significant temporal trends. A statewide (5-station) decrease (p = 0.007) in mercury deposition and a statewide decrease (p = 0.059) in mercury concentration were shown. Decreases in mercury deposition (p = 0.061 and p = 0.083) were observed at Roush Lake and Bloomington. A statistically significant trend was not observed for precipitation at the five monitoring stations during this 5-year period. A potential explanation for part of the statewide decrease in mercury concentration and mercury deposition was a 28 percent decrease in the total estimated annual mercury emissions in Indiana between 2002 and 2005.

Mercury deposition statistically was correlated most closely to precipitation in the 448 samples, 2004–2005, and this relation was demonstrated by statewide maps of annual precipitation and annual mercury deposition based on precipitation data from 127 National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program stations. However, one area in southeastern Indiana in the vicinity of Clifty Falls exhibited high mercury deposition that might be related more to mercury concentration than to precipitation. This is because areas with the same range of precipitation as southeastern Indiana were mapped with less mercury deposition.

Other data demonstrate a geographic difference for mercury in precipitation in the vicinity of the Clifty Falls monitoring station. The weekly mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls were statistically higher than concentrations at Roush Lake, Fort Harrison, and Bloomington. Clifty Falls data ranked highest among the five monitoring stations for mercury concentration and mercury deposition, 2004–2005, and in the previous 3 years. Episodes of high mercury deposition were recorded most often at Clifty Falls in 2004–2005 and in the previous 3 years. Statistical trends in mercury concentration or mercury deposition were not observed for the Clifty Falls data. A potential explanation for this geographic difference is that annual mercury emissions from sources in the vicinity of Clifty Falls were higher than those at the other stations. Other factors may help explain the differences in total mercury concentrations, such as the types of mercury emissions, mercury transport from stationary sources outside Indiana, and meteorological conditions. Additional data are needed to assign a localized or regional boundary to the area affected by high deposition of mercury near Clifty Falls.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., and Fowler, K.K., 2008, Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5148, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085148.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86223.htm"},{"id":196466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97190,"text":"sir20065008 - 2008 - Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:23:20","indexId":"sir20065008","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5008","title":"Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03","docAbstract":"This report documents water quality in Camp Far West Reservoir from October 2001 through August 2003. The reservoir, located at approximately 300 feet above sea level in the foothills of the northwestern Sierra Nevada, California, is a monomictic lake characterized by extreme drawdown in the late summer and fall. Thermal stratification in summer and fall is coupled with anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion. Water-quality sampling was done at approximately 3-month intervals on eight occasions at several stations in the reservoir, including a group of three stations along a flow path in the reservoir: an upstream station in the Bear River arm (principal tributary), a mid-reservoir station in the thalweg (prereservoir river channel), and a station in the deepest part of the reservoir, in the thalweg near Camp Far West Dam. Stations in other tributary arms of the reservoir included those in the Rock Creek arm of the reservoir, a relatively low-flow tributary, and the Dairy Farm arm, a small tributary that receives acidic, metal-rich drainage seasonally from the inactive Dairy Farm Mine, which produced copper, zinc, and gold from underground workings and a surface pit.\r\n\r\nSeveral water-quality constituents varied significantly by season at all sampling stations, including major cations and anions, total mercury (filtered and unfiltered samples), nitrogen (ammonia plus organic), and total phosphorus. A strong seasonal signal also was observed for the sulfurisotope composition of aqueous sulfate from filtered water. Although there were some spatial differences in water quality, the seasonal variations were more profound. Concentrations of total mercury (filtered and unfiltered water) were highest during fall and winter; these concentrations decreased at most stations during spring and summer. Anoxic conditions developed in deep parts of the reservoir during summer and fall in association with thermal stratification. The highest concentrations of methylmercury in unfiltered water were observed in samples collected during summer from deepwater stations in the anoxic hypolimnion. In the shallow (less than 14 meters depth) oxic epilimnion, concentrations of methylmercury in unfiltered water were highest during the spring and lowest during the fall. The ratio of methylmercury to total mercury (MeHg/HgT) increased systematically from winter to spring to summer, largely in response to the progressive seasonal decrease in total mercury concentrations, but also to some extent because of increases in MeHg concentrations during summer.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data for Camp Far West Reservoir are used in conjunction with data from linked studies of sediment and biota to develop and refine a conceptual model for mercury methylation and bioaccumulation in the reservoir and the lower Bear River watershed. It is hypothesized that MeHg is produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the anoxic parts of the water column and in shallow bed sediment. Conditions were optimal for this process during late summer and fall. Previous work has indicated that Camp Far West Reservoir is a phosphate-limited system - molar ratios of inorganic nitrogen to inorganic phosphorus in filtered water were consistently greater than 16 (the Redfield ratio), sometimes by orders of magnitude. Therefore, concentrations of orthophosphate were expectedly very low or below detection at all stations during all seasons. It is further hypothesized that iron-reducing bacteria facilitate release of phosphorus from iron-rich sediments during summer and early fall, stimulating phytoplankton growth in the fall and winter, and that the MeHg produced in the hypolimnion and metalimnion is released to the entire water column in the late fall during reservoir destratification (vertical mixing). \r\n\r\nMercury bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were computed using data from linked studies of biota spanning a range of trophic position: zooplankton, midge larvae, mayfly nymphs, crayfish, threadfin shad, bluegill, ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Stewart, A., Saiki, M.K., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Topping, B.R., Rider, K.M., Gallanthine, S.K., Kester, C.A., Rye, R.O., Antweiler, R.C., and De Wild, J.F., 2008, Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5008, Report: xii, 95 p.; Appendixes; Tables; Text Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065008.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 95 p.; Appendixes; Tables; Text Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12174,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,38.75 ], [ -121.75,39.5 ], [ -120.5,39.5 ], [ -120.5,38.75 ], [ -121.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, A. Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":82436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A. Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rider, Kelly M.","contributorId":58900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rider","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallanthine, Steven K.","contributorId":21425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallanthine","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kester, Cynthia A.","contributorId":44425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"De Wild, John F.","contributorId":31800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Wild","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":97189,"text":"ofr20081357 - 2008 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:54:14.337714","indexId":"ofr20081357","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1357","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"

Significant Findings 

\n

When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of dissolved gases. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas and water-temperature data at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2008. Significant findings from the data include:

\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081357","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., Bragg, H., and Johnston, M.W., 2008, Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1357, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081357.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407924,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86259.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12173,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1357/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310699,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1357/pdf/of20081357.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"lower Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48657226562499,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 45.740693395533064\n ],\n [\n -121.53625488281249,\n 45.75985868785574\n ],\n [\n -121.2176513671875,\n 45.729191061299936\n ],\n [\n -121.0638427734375,\n 45.68315803253308\n ],\n [\n -120.7452392578125,\n 45.77135470445036\n ],\n [\n -120.56945800781249,\n 45.786679041363726\n ],\n [\n -120.4046630859375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -120.45959472656249,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -120.66284179687499,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -120.92651367187499,\n 45.598665689820656\n ],\n [\n -121.19567871093751,\n 45.54867850352087\n ],\n [\n -121.3275146484375,\n 45.65628792636447\n ],\n [\n -121.761474609375,\n 45.63324613981234\n ],\n [\n -122.1844482421875,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -122.76672363281249,\n 45.471688258104614\n ],\n [\n -122.89306640624999,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -122.93701171874999,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -122.9974365234375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -123.1842041015625,\n 46.145588688591964\n ],\n [\n -123.1622314453125,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -122.92602539062501,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -122.794189453125,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -122.5909423828125,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -122.48657226562499,\n 45.61403741135093\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragg, Heather M. hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, Matthew W. mattj@usgs.gov","contributorId":3066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Matthew","email":"mattj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97186,"text":"ofr20081374 - 2008 - Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:09:07","indexId":"ofr20081374","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1374","title":"Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report releases data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from the Tuba City Open Dump area from January 2008 to September 2008 with cooperation from the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Navajo and Hopi Tribes. These data were collected in support of investigations into the possible sources and resulting transport of radionuclides and other dissolved constituents in the surrounding ground water from the Tuba City Open Dump. This report provides a discussion of data collection and analytical methods with the data in a tabular format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Otton, J.K., Horton, R., Gallegos, T.J., Choate, L.M., and Sullivan, J.E., 2008, Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1374, Report: v, 10 p.; Downloads Directory; 11 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081374.","productDescription":"Report: v, 10 p.; Downloads Directory; 11 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12170,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tuba City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.28333333333333,36.05 ], [ -111.28333333333333,36.2 ], [ -111.11666666666666,36.2 ], [ -111.11666666666666,36.05 ], [ -111.28333333333333,36.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, Jonah E.","contributorId":48658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jonah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97184,"text":"sir20085232 - 2008 - Water-quality effects and characterization of indicators of onsite wastewater disposal systems in the east-central Black Hills area, South Dakota, 2006-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:17:14","indexId":"sir20085232","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5232","title":"Water-quality effects and characterization of indicators of onsite wastewater disposal systems in the east-central Black Hills area, South Dakota, 2006-08","docAbstract":"Onsite wastewater disposal systems (OWDS) are used extensively in the Black Hills of South Dakota where many of the watersheds and aquifers are characterized by fractured or solution-enhanced bedrock with thin soil cover. A study was conducted during 2006-08 to characterize water-quality effects and indicators of OWDS. Water samples were collected and analyzed for potential indicators of OWDS, including chloride, bromide, boron, nitrite plus nitrate (NO2+NO3), ammonia, major ions, nutrients, selected trace elements, isotopes of nitrate, microbiological indicators, and organic wastewater compounds (OWCs). The microbiological indicators were fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), enterococci, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), and coliphages. Sixty ground-water sampling sites were located either downgradient from areas of dense OWDS or in background areas and included 25 monitoring wells, 34 private wells, and 1 spring. Nine surface-water sampling sites were located on selected streams and tributaries either downstream or upstream from residential development within the Precambrian setting. Sampling results were grouped by their hydrogeologic setting: alluvial, Spearfish, Minnekahta, and Precambrian. \r\n\r\nMean downgradient dissolved NO2+NO3 concentrations in ground water for the alluvial, Spearfish, Minnekahta, and Precambrian settings were 0.734, 7.90, 8.62, and 2.25 milligrams per liter (mg/L), respectively. Mean downgradient dissolved chloride concentrations in ground water for these settings were 324, 89.6, 498, and 33.2 mg/L, respectively. Mean downgradient dissolved boron concentrations in ground water for these settings were 736, 53, 64, and 43 micrograms per liter (ug/L), respectively. Mean dissolved surface-water concentrations for NO2+NO3, chloride, and boron for downstream sites were 0.222 mg/L, 32.1 mg/L, and 28 ug/L, respectively.\r\n\r\nMean values of delta-15N and delta-18O (isotope ratios of 14N to 15N and 18O to 16O relative to standard ratios) for nitrate in ground-water samples were 10.4 and -2.0 per mil (0/100), respectively, indicating a relatively small contribution from synthetic fertilizer and probably a substantial contribution from OWDS. The surface-water sample with the highest dissolved NO2+NO3 concentration of 1.6 mg/L had a delta-15N value of 12.36 0/100, which indicates warm-blooded animals (including humans) as the nitrate source.\r\n\r\nFecal coliforms were detected in downgradient ground water most frequently in the Spearfish (19 percent) and Minnekahta (9.7 percent) settings. E. coli was detected most frequently in the Minnekahta (29 percent) and Spearfish (13 percent) settings. Enterococci were detected more frequently than other microbiological indicators in all four settings. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected in 73 percent and 95 percent of all surface-water samples, respectively. Enterococci, coliphages (somatic), and C. perfringens were detected in 50, 70, and 50 percent of surface-water samples, respectively.\r\n\r\nOf the 62 OWC analytes, 12 were detected only in environmental samples, 10 were detected in at least one environmental and one blank sample (not necessarily companion pairs), 2 were detected only in blank samples, and 38 were not detected in any blank, environmental, or replicate sample from either ground or surface water. Eleven different organic compounds were detected in ground-water samples at eight different sites. The most frequently occurring compound was DEET, which was found in 32 percent of the environmental samples, followed by tetrachloroethene, which was detected in 20 percent of the samples. For surface-water samples, 16 organic compounds were detected in 9 of the 10 total samples. The compound with the highest occurrence in surface-water samples was camphor, which was detected in 50 percent of samples. \r\n\r\nThe alluvial setting was characterized by relatively low dissolved NO2+NO3 concentrations, detection of ammonia nitrogen, and relatively high concentr","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Dakota Water Development District and the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Putnam, L.D., Hoogestraat, G., and Sawyer, J.F., 2008, Water-quality effects and characterization of indicators of onsite wastewater disposal systems in the east-central Black Hills area, South Dakota, 2006-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5232, viii, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085232.","productDescription":"viii, 116 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5232.jpg"},{"id":12168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.66666666666667,43.833333333333336 ], [ -103.66666666666667,44.25 ], [ -103.08333333333333,44.25 ], [ -103.08333333333333,43.833333333333336 ], [ -103.66666666666667,43.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcf97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, J. Foster","contributorId":80344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97183,"text":"ofr20081307 - 2008 - Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:44:30","indexId":"ofr20081307","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1307","title":"Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007","docAbstract":"Ground-water availability in Brunswick County, North Carolina, has been monitored continuously since 2000 through the operation and maintenance of ground-water-level observation wells in the surficial, Castle Hayne, Peedee, and Black Creek aquifers of the North Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system. Ground-water-resource conditions for the Brunswick County area were determined by relating the period-of-record normal (25th to 75th percentile) monthly mean groundwater- level and precipitation data to median monthly mean ground-water levels and monthly sum of daily precipitation for water year 2007. Summaries of precipitation and ground-water conditions for the Brunswick County area and hydrographs and statistics of continuous ground-water levels collected during the 2007 water year are presented in this report. Ground-water resource conditions varied by aquifer and geographic location within Brunswick County. Water levels were normal in 6 of the 11 observation wells, above normal in 1 well, and below normal in the remaining 4 wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Brunswick County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., 2008, Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1307, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081307.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Brunswick County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69953f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97191,"text":"sir20085187 - 2008 - Sediment Quality and Comparison to Historical Water Quality, Little Arkansas River Basin, South-Central Kansas, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20085187","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5187","title":"Sediment Quality and Comparison to Historical Water Quality, Little Arkansas River Basin, South-Central Kansas, 2007","docAbstract":"The spatial and temporal variability in streambed-sediment quality and its relation to historical water quality was assessed to provide guidance for the development of total maximum daily loads and the implementation of best-management practices in the Little Arkansas River Basin, south-central Kansas. Streambed-sediment samples were collected at 26 sites in 2007, sieved to isolate the less than 63-micron fraction (that is, the silt and clay), and analyzed for selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), organic and total carbon, 25 trace elements, and the radionuclides beryllium-7, cesium-137, lead-210, and radium-226. At eight sites, streambed-sediment samples also were collected and analyzed for bacteria. \r\n\r\nParticulate nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon concentrations in the streambed sediment varied substantially spatially and temporally, and positive correlations among the three constituents were statistically significant. Along the main-stem Little Arkansas River, streambed-sediment concentrations of particulate nitrogen and phosphorus generally were larger at and downstream from Alta Mills, Kansas. The largest particulate nitrogen concentrations were measured in samples collected in the Emma Creek subbasin and may be related to livestock and poultry production. The largest particulate phosphorus concentrations in the basin were measured in samples collected along the main-stem Little Arkansas River downstream from Alta Mills, Kansas. Particulate nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon content in the water and streambed-sediment samples typically decreased as streamflow increased. This inverse relation may be caused by an increased contribution of sediment from channel-bank sources during high flows and (or) increased particle sizes transported by the high flows. \r\n\r\nTrace element concentrations in the streambed sediment varied from site to site and typically were less than threshold-effects guidelines for possible adverse biological effects. The largest copper, lead, silver, and zinc concentrations, measured for a sample collected from Sand Creek downstream from Newton, Kansas, likely were related to urban sources of contamination. \r\n\r\nRadionuclide activities and bacterial densities in the streambed sediment varied throughout the basin. Variability in the former may be indicative of subbasin differences in the contribution of sediment from surface-soil and channel-bank sources. Streambed sediment may be useful for reconnaissance purposes to determine sources of particulate nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and other sediment-associated constituents in the basin. If flow conditions prior to streambed-sediment sampling and during water-quality sampling are considered, it may be possible to use streambed sediment as an indicator of water quality for nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon. Flow conditions affect sediment-associated constituent concentrations in streambed-sediment and water samples, in part, because the sources of sediment (surface soils, channel banks) can vary with flow as can the size of the particles transported.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Rasmussen, P.P., 2008, Sediment Quality and Comparison to Historical Water Quality, Little Arkansas River Basin, South-Central Kansas, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5187, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085187.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.25,37.666666666666664 ], [ -98.25,38.666666666666664 ], [ -97.16666666666667,38.666666666666664 ], [ -97.16666666666667,37.666666666666664 ], [ -98.25,37.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97181,"text":"ds385 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T11:49:24.58475","indexId":"ds385","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"385","title":"Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"

Ground-water quality in the approximately 3,340 mi2 Middle Sacramento Valley study unit (MSACV) was investigated from June through September, 2006, as part of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) program. The GAMA Priority Basin Assessment project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).

The Middle Sacramento Valley study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within MSACV, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 108 wells in Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo, and Yuba Counties. Seventy-one wells were selected using a randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), 15 wells were selected to evaluate changes in water chemistry along ground-water flow paths (flow-path wells), and 22 were shallow monitoring wells selected to assess the effects of rice agriculture, a major land use in the study unit, on ground-water chemistry (RICE wells).

The ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], gasoline oxygenates and degradates, pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water.

Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, laboratory matrix spikes) were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a noticeable source of bias in the data for the ground-water samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most constituents.

This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with regulatory thresholds.

Most constituents that were detected in ground-water samples were found at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. VOCs were detected in less than one-third and pesticides and pesticide degradates in just over one-half of the grid wells, and all detections of these constituents in samples from all wells of the MSACV study unit were below health-based thresholds. All detections of trace elements in samples from MSACV grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exceptions of arsenic and boron.

Arsenic concentrations were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) threshold in eight grid wells, and boron concentrations were above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) in two grid wells. Arsenic was detected above the MCL-US in two flow-path wells. Arsenic, barium, boron, molybdenum, strontium, and vanadium were detected above health-based thresholds in a few of the RICE wells; these wells are not used to supply drinking water. All detections of radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds, although six samples had activities of radon-222 above the lower proposed MCL-US threshold. Most of the samples from the MSACV wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Chloride and sulfate concentrations exceeded SMCL-CA thresholds in two and one grid well, respectively. Iron, manganese, and total dissolved solids concentrations were above the SMCL-CA thresholds in 1, 12, and 6 grid wells, respectively. Nitrate (nitrite plus nitrate, as dissolved nitrogen) concentrations from two grid wells were above the MCL-US threshold. There were no detections of microbial indicators in MSACV.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds385","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, S., Fram, M.S., Milby Dawson, B.J., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 385, x, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds385.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/385/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388812,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86258.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,32 ], [ -125,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -125,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Stephen J.","contributorId":85283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97180,"text":"sir20085235 - 2008 - Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20085235","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5235","title":"Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"In June 2008, heavy rain caused severe flooding across southern Wisconsin. The floods were aggravated by saturated soils that persisted from unusually wet antecedent conditions from a combination of floods in August 2007, more than 100 inches of snow in winter 2007-08, and moist conditions in spring 2008. The flooding caused immediate evacuations and road closures and prolonged, extensive damages and losses associated with agriculture, businesses, housing, public health and human needs, and infrastructure and transportation.\r\n\r\nRecord gage heights and streamflows occurred at 21 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across southern Wisconsin from June 7 to June 21. Peak-gage-height data, peak-streamflow data, and flood probabilities are tabulated for 32 USGS streamgages in southern Wisconsin. Peak-gage-height and peak-streamflow data also are tabulated for three ungaged locations.\r\n\r\nExtensive flooding along the Baraboo River, Kickapoo River, Crawfish River, and Rock River caused particularly severe damages in nine communities and their surrounding areas: Reedsburg, Rock Springs, La Farge, Gays Mills, Milford, Jefferson, Fort Atkinson, Janesville, and Beloit. Flood-peak inundation maps and water-surface profiles were generated for the nine communities in a geographic information system by combining flood high-water marks with available 1-10-meter resolution digital-elevation-model data. The high-water marks used in the maps were a combination of those surveyed during the June flood by communities, counties, and Federal agencies and hundreds of additional marks surveyed in August by the USGS. The flood maps and profiles outline the extent and depth of flooding through the communities and are being used in ongoing (as of November 2008) flood response and recovery efforts by local, county, State, and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Peppler, M.C., Walker, J.F., Rose, W., Waschbusch, R.J., and Kennedy, J.L., 2008, Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5235, Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085235.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,42.333333333333336 ], [ -91,44.333333333333336 ], [ -88,44.333333333333336 ], [ -88,42.333333333333336 ], [ -91,42.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waschbusch, Robert J. 0000-0002-4069-0267 rjwaschb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0267","contributorId":3447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"Robert","email":"rjwaschb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy, James L. lkennedy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"James","email":"lkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045289,"text":"70045289 - 2008 - Chemical and stable isotopic composition of water and gas in the Fort Union Formation of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Evidence for water/rock interaction and the biogenic origin of coalbed natural gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-17T21:14:33","indexId":"70045289","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and stable isotopic composition of water and gas in the Fort Union Formation of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Evidence for water/rock interaction and the biogenic origin of coalbed natural gas","docAbstract":"Significant amounts (> 36 million m3/day) of coalbed methane (CBM) are currently being extracted from coal beds in the Paleocene Fort Union Formation of the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana. Information on processes that generate methane in these coalbed reservoirs is important for developing methods that will stimulate additional production. The chemical and isotopic compositions of gas and ground water from CBM wells throughout the basin reflect generation processes as well as those that affect water/rock interaction.\n\nOur study included analyses of water samples collected from 228 CBM wells. Major cations and anions were measured for all samples, δDH2O and δ18OH2O were measured for 199 of the samples, and δDCH4 of gas co-produced with water was measured for 100 of the samples. Results show that (1) water from Fort Union Formation coal beds is exclusively Na–HCO3-type water with low dissolved SO4 content (median < 1 mg/L) and little or no dissolved oxygen (< 0.15 mg/L), whereas shallow groundwater (depth generally < 120 m) is a mixed Ca–Mg–Na–SO4–HCO3 type; (2) water/rock interactions, such as cation exchange on clay minerals and precipitation/dissolution of CaCO3 and SO4 minerals, account for the accumulation of dissolved Na and depletion of Ca and Mg; (3) bacterially-mediated oxidation–reduction reactions account for high HCO3 (270–3310 mg/L) and low SO4 (median < 0.15 mg/L) values; (4) fractionation between δDCH4 (− 283 to − 328 per mil) and δDH2O (− 121 to − 167 per mil) indicates that the production of methane is primarily by biogenic CO2 reduction; and (5) values of δDH2O and δ18OH2O (− 16 to − 22 per mil) have a wide range of values and plot near or above the global meteoric water line, indicating that the original meteoric water has been influenced by methanogenesis and by being mixed with surface and shallow groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.002","usgsCitation":"Rice, C.A., Flores, R.M., Stricker, G.D., and Ellis, M.S., 2008, Chemical and stable isotopic composition of water and gas in the Fort Union Formation of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Evidence for water/rock interaction and the biogenic origin of coalbed natural gas: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 76-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.002.","startPage":"76","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-004227","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271039,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.002"}],"country":"United States","volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc462e4b05024ef3cd3ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Cynthia A.","contributorId":87140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Gary D. gstricker@usgs.gov","contributorId":87163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Gary","email":"gstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, Margaret S. mellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Margaret","email":"mellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162095,"text":"70162095 - 2008 - Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T13:06:21","indexId":"70162095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2008","chapter":"14","title":"Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","docAbstract":"

For almost two decades Little Galloo Island (LGI)has supported the largest colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. Cormorant nest counts on the island since the early 1990's have averaged about 5,000 per year reaching a high of 8,400 in 1996. Johnson et al. (2008) estimate that cormorants from LGI alone have consumed 400 million fish since 1992. The proliferation of cormorants in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario has coincided with declines in two important recreational fish species, smallmouth bass and yellow perch. Lantry et al. (2002) and Burnett et al. (2002) provide convincing evidence linking cormorant population increases to declining eastern basin smallmouth bass and yellow perch stocks. Decline of these fish stocks is evident only in the eastern basin, suggesting a localized problem which is consistent with the halo effect where large piscivorous waterbird colonies may deplete local fish stocks (Birt et al. 1987).

\n

The year 2008 marked the seventeenth consecutive year of study of the food habits and fish consumption of LGI cormorants, and represented the tenth consecutive year evaluating the efficacy of management activities to control the reproductive success of cormorants nesting at LGI. The program consists mainly of spraying cormorant eggs with oil as well as the culling of adult and immature birds.This paper reports the findings of work carried outin 2008 at LGI.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2008 NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R.D., and Farquhar, J., 2008, Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report 2008, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"14-1","endPage":"14-11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012072","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCullough, Russell D.","contributorId":98154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farquhar, James F.","contributorId":150982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farquhar","given":"James F.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160335,"text":"70160335 - 2008 - Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T15:16:52","indexId":"70160335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand","docAbstract":"

The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) has sponsored research on environmental characteristics of aircraft and pavement deicers and anti-icers focusing primarily on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and aquatic toxicity of formulated products and individual chemical components of formulations. This report presents a background of issues leading to this research, objectives of this document, and a description of the efforts and findings of this research.

\n

Except when the distinction among products is necessary for clarity, “deicer” will refer to aircraft-deicing fluids (ADFs), aircraft anti-icing fluids (AAFs), and pavement-deicing materials (PDMs) generally.

\n

The efforts of this project have included the following:

\n","language":"English","publisher":"Cooperative Research Programs","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, L., Corsi, S., Geis, S.W., Anderson, G., Joback, K., Gold, H., Mericas, D., and Cancilla, D.A., 2008, Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand, 121 p.","productDescription":"121 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018524","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312479,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/155765.aspx"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac4e4b0da412f4f824c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, Lee","contributorId":150671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":150657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geis, Steven W.","contributorId":150662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geis","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":18065,"text":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, Wisconsin State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Graham","contributorId":150684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Graham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joback, Kevin","contributorId":150660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joback","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18064,"text":"Molecular Knowledge Systems Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gold, Harris","contributorId":150659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gold","given":"Harris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18063,"text":"Infoscitex","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mericas, Dean","contributorId":150658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mericas","given":"Dean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18062,"text":"CH2MHILL, Austin, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cancilla, Devon A.","contributorId":94467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cancilla","given":"Devon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70042350,"text":"70042350 - 2008 - Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T10:34:41","indexId":"70042350","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples","docAbstract":"

BaSO4 precipitated from mixed salt solutions by common techniques for SO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-1\" isotopic analysis may contain quantities of H2O and NO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-2\" that introduce errors in O isotope measurements. Experiments with synthetic solutions indicate that δ18O values of CO produced by decomposition of precipitated BaSO4 in a carbon reactor may be either too low or too high, depending on the relative concentrations of SO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-3\" and NO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-4\" and the δ18O values of the H2O, NO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-5\", and SO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-6\". Typical δ18O errors are of the order of 0.5 to 1‰ in many sample types, and can be larger in samples containing atmospheric NO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-7\", which can cause similar errors in δ17O and Δ17O. These errors can be reduced by (1) ion chromatographic separation of SO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-8\" from NO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-9\", (2) increasing the salinity of the solutions before precipitating BaSO4 to minimize incorporation of H2O, (3) heating BaSO4 under vacuum to remove H2O, (4) preparing isotopic reference materials as aqueous samples to mimic the conditions of the samples, and (5) adjusting measured δ18O values based on amounts and isotopic compositions of coexisting H2O and NO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-10\". These procedures are demonstrated for SO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-11\" isotopic reference materials, synthetic solutions with isotopically known reagents, atmospheric deposition from Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA, and sulfate salt deposits from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Mojave Desert, California, USA. These results have implications for the calibration and use of O isotope data in studies of SO\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-12\" sources and reaction mechanisms.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.3832","usgsCitation":"Hannon, J.E., Bohlke, J., and Mroczkowski, S.J., 2008, Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 22, no. 24, p. 4109-4120, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3832.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4109","endPage":"4120","ipdsId":"IP-007869","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270752,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3832"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386ae4b077fa94dadfa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hannon, Janet E. jehannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Janet","email":"jehannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036910,"text":"70036910 - 2008 - Simulated response of water quality in public supply wells to land use change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:22:17","indexId":"70036910","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated response of water quality in public supply wells to land use change","docAbstract":"

Understanding how changes in land use affect water quality of public supply wells (PSW) is important because of the strong influence of land use on water quality, the rapid pace at which changes in land use are occurring in some parts of the world, and the large contribution of groundwater to the global water supply. In this study, groundwater flow models incorporating particle tracking and reaction were used to analyze the response of water quality in PSW to land use change in four communities: Modesto, California (Central Valley aquifer); York, Nebraska (High Plains aquifer); Woodbury, Connecticut (Glacial aquifer); and Tampa, Florida (Floridan aquifer). The water quality response to measured and hypothetical land use change was dependent on age distributions of water captured by the wells and on the temporal and spatial variability of land use in the area contributing recharge to the wells. Age distributions of water captured by the PSW spanned about 20 years at Woodbury and >1,000 years at Modesto and York, and the amount of water <50 years old captured by the PSW ranged from 30% at York to 100% at Woodbury. Short‐circuit pathways in some PSW contributing areas, such as long irrigation well screens that crossed multiple geologic layers (York) and karst conduits (Tampa), affected age distributions by allowing relatively rapid movement of young water to those well screens. The spatial component of land use change was important because the complex distribution of particle travel times within the contributing areas strongly influenced contaminant arrival times and degradation reaction progress. Results from this study show that timescales for change in the quality of water from PSW could be on the order of years to centuries for land use changes that occur over days to decades, which could have implications for source water protection strategies that rely on land use change to achieve water quality objectives.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006731","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Burow, K., Kauffman, L.J., Eberts, S.M., Böhlke, J., and Gurdak, J., 2008, Simulated response of water quality in public supply wells to land use change: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 7, W00A06; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006731.","productDescription":"W00A06; 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fbbe4b08c986b3190e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burow, K.R. 0000-0001-6006-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":48283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gurdak, J.J.","contributorId":35119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206139,"text":"70206139 - 2008 - Protocol for use of regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion samplers (ER-0313)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-23T15:51:06","indexId":"70206139","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T15:33:30","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Protocol for use of regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion samplers (ER-0313)","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"ESTCP","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T.E., Trotsky, J.S., and Place, M., 2008, Protocol for use of regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion samplers (ER-0313): Technical Report.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trotsky, Joseph S.","contributorId":219976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trotsky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Place, M.C.","contributorId":92308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Place","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237335,"text":"70237335 - 2008 - Isotopic constraints on the chemical evolution of geothermal fluids, Long Valley, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T16:54:29.684297","indexId":"70237335","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T11:44:49","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic constraints on the chemical evolution of geothermal fluids, Long Valley, CA","docAbstract":"

A spatial survey of the chemical and isotopic composition of fluids from the Long Valley hydrothermal system was conducted. Starting at the presumed hydrothermal upwelling zone in the west moat of the caldera, samples were collected from the Casa Diablo geothermal field and a series of monitoring wells defining a nearly linear, ~14 km long, west-to-east trend along the proposed fluid flow path (Sorey et al., 1991). Samples were analyzed for the isotopes of water, Sr, Ca, and noble gases, the concentrations of major cations and anions and total CO2. Our data confirm earlier models in which the variations in water isotopes along the flow path reflect mixing of a single hydrothermal fluid with local groundwater. Variations in Sr data are poorly constrained and reflect fluid mixing, multiple fluid-pathways or water-rock exchange along the flow path as suggested by Goff et al., (1991). Correlated variations among total CO2, noble gases and the concentration and isotopic composition of Ca suggest progressive fluid degassing (loss of CO2, noble gases) driving calcite precipitation as the fluid flows west-to-east across the caldera. This is the first evidence that Ca isotopes may trace and provide definitive evidence of calcite precipitation along fluid flow paths in geothermal systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Brown, S.T., Kennedy, B.M., DePaolo, D., and Evans, W.C., 2008, Isotopic constraints on the chemical evolution of geothermal fluids, Long Valley, CA: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 32, p. 269-272.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1028332","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.73336791992188,\n 37.550565778705916\n ],\n [\n -118.69903564453124,\n 37.55111016010861\n ],\n [\n -118.70040893554689,\n 37.63870369898346\n ],\n [\n -118.71757507324219,\n 37.637616213035884\n ],\n [\n -118.71963500976562,\n 37.722392304715825\n ],\n [\n -118.82606506347656,\n 37.72456477660484\n ],\n [\n -118.82606506347656,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -118.84529113769531,\n 37.64849035620595\n ],\n [\n -118.84529113769531,\n 37.6327223292973\n ],\n [\n -118.82743835449219,\n 37.6343536596899\n ],\n [\n -118.82743835449219,\n 37.62402129571883\n ],\n [\n -118.82743835449219,\n 37.60879203604432\n ],\n [\n -118.80958557128908,\n 37.60824807622547\n ],\n [\n -118.80821228027342,\n 37.59410372462643\n ],\n [\n -118.7903594970703,\n 37.59192743186128\n ],\n [\n -118.78898620605467,\n 37.579956684077274\n ],\n [\n -118.77113342285156,\n 37.57777997765864\n ],\n [\n -118.7738800048828,\n 37.56362983491151\n ],\n [\n -118.751220703125,\n 37.56362983491151\n ],\n [\n -118.73611450195312,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -118.73336791992188,\n 37.550565778705916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Shaun T.","contributorId":68647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Shaun","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, B. Mack","contributorId":82758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DePaolo, Donald J.","contributorId":69472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaolo","given":"Donald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206561,"text":"70206561 - 2008 - Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:56:45","indexId":"70206561","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T08:28:48","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management","docAbstract":"

Ground-water withdrawals in the San Joaquin Valley totaled 64 million m3 /day (19 million ac-ft) in 2000, supplying about 45% of agricultural irrigation demand and about 80% of municipal supply (Hutson et al., 2004). Most of the population and ground-water use are in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, where reliance on ground water is expected to increase as a result of rapid population growth and limited surface water supplies. Protection of ground-water quality for future use requires monitoring and understanding the mechanisms controlling the long-term quality of ground water in the regional aquifer system.

Nitrate has been widely detected above background concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley. Nitrate concentrations (reported as nitrogen in this paper) were above the MCL of 10 mg/L in 24% of domestic wells screened in the shallow part of the aquifer that were sampled during 1993–95 (Dubrovsky et al., 1998) and the Central Valley is one of the top three regions in the state in terms of the number of public drinking-water wells exceeding the MCL for nitrate (California State Water Resources Control Board, 2002).

To assess spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley and to evaluate the long-term effects of nitrogen fertilizer use on ground-water quality in this region, data were evaluated at multiple spatial scales. Data from regional-scale monitoring networks were used to map the regional occurrence of nitrate and to determine whether shallow ground water containing elevated nitrate is migrating to deeper parts of the aquifer system. At the local scale, mean ground-water ages from analysis of age-dating tracers were combined with concentrations of nitrate to reconstruct nitrate inputs in recharge through time and to compare with estimated nitrogen applications. Ground-water flow and transport simulations of a typical public-supply well screened from about 100 to 400 ft below the water table were used to evaluate long-term concentrations beneath agricultural areas under different nitrogen management scenarios.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, California Chapter annual meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., and Green, C.T., 2008, Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management, in Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, California Chapter annual meeting, p. 46-52.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://calasa.ucdavis.edu/Conference_Proceedings/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -118.861083984375,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -120.08056640625,\n 37.431250501793585\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 37.97884504049713\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195812,"text":"70195812 - 2008 - Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T13:52:08","indexId":"70195812","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"

Recent geologic mapping at a scale of 1:24,000 has enabled a qualitative correlation of the occurrence of springs and sinkholes with bedrock structures and ground-water conditions in the northern Great Valley of Virginia and West Virginia. Sinkholes tend to be concentrated in zones of faulting, local minor folding, and clustered within susceptible bedrock units at the noses and axes of large plunging folds. Alignment of sinkholes mainly occurs along strike of bedding. Enhanced rock solution and conduit formation correlates with carbonate units of greater limestone purity and finer grain size, suggesting some lithologic control on karst formation. In addition, there is an apparent topographic correlation, with sinkholes usually formed in elevated and flat (<5 degrees slope) areas, as well as frequent sinkhole occurrence proximal to entrenched surface streams. Density of sinkhole occurrence tends to increase in areas where water-table fluctuations are large. Large perennial springs occur along faults, and may lie above base level streams indicating upward flow gradients particularly where cross-strike faults and joints intersect bedding planes and strike-parallel faults. Sinkhole formation also frequently occurs in areas proximal to entrenched surface streams, reflecting subsequent vadose-zone modification and excavation of sediment-filled conduits where downward ground-water flow gradients are most steep. Geologic evidence indicates that deep karst development may have taken place by rising fluids under confined (hypogenic) conditions in the distant geologic past in this region.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"11th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst","conferenceDate":"September 22-26, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784410035","usgsCitation":"Doctor, D.H., Weary, D.J., Orndorff, R.C., Harlow, G., Kozar, M.D., and Nelms, D.L., 2008, Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia, in Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, Tallahassee, FL, September 22-26, 2008, p. 12-22, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784410035.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-007092","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Great Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff72e3e4b0da30c1bfe589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191434,"text":"70191434 - 2008 - Physical property changes in hydrate-bearing sediment due to depressurization and subsequent repressurization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T15:08:37","indexId":"70191434","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical property changes in hydrate-bearing sediment due to depressurization and subsequent repressurization","docAbstract":"

Physical property measurements of sediment cores containing natural gas hydrate are typically performed on material exposed, at least briefly, to non-in situ conditions during recovery. To examine the effects of a brief excursion from the gas-hydrate stability field, as can occur when pressure cores are transferred to pressurized storage vessels, we measured physical properties on laboratory-formed sand packs containing methane hydrate and methane pore gas. After depressurizing samples to atmospheric pressure, we repressurized them into the methane-hydrate stability field and remeasured their physical properties. Thermal conductivity, shear strength, acoustic compressional and shear wave amplitudes, and speeds of the original and depressurized/repressurized samples are compared. X– ray computed tomography images track how the gas-hydrate distribution changes in the hydrate-cemented sands owing to the depressurizaton/repressurization process. Because depressurization-induced property changes can be substantial and are not easily predicted, particularly in water-saturated, hydrate-bearing sediment, maintaining pressure and temperature conditions throughout the core recovery and measurement process is critical for using laboratory measurements to estimate in situ properties.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005351","usgsCitation":"Waite, W., Kneafsey, T., Winters, W., and Mason, D., 2008, Physical property changes in hydrate-bearing sediment due to depressurization and subsequent repressurization: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. B7, B07102; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005351.","productDescription":"B07102; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/934990","text":"External Repository"},{"id":346518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59df0d3ce4b05fe04ccd3de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, W.F.","contributorId":40329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kneafsey, T.J.","contributorId":40330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneafsey","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winters, W.J.","contributorId":49796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, D.H.","contributorId":93952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194929,"text":"70194929 - 2008 - Seeding hydrate formation in water-saturated sand with dissolved-phase methane obtained from hydrate dissolution: A progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T10:05:34","indexId":"70194929","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seeding hydrate formation in water-saturated sand with dissolved-phase methane obtained from hydrate dissolution: A progress report","docAbstract":"

An isobaric flow loop added to the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI) is being investigated as a means of rapidly forming methane hydrate in watersaturated sand from methane dissolved in water. Water circulates through a relatively warm source chamber, dissolving granular methane hydrate that was pre-made from seed ice, then enters a colder hydrate growth chamber where hydrate can precipitate in a water-saturated sand pack. Hydrate dissolution in the source chamber imparts a known methane concentration to the circulating water, and hydrate particles from the source chamber entrained in the circulating water can become nucleation sites to hasten the onset of hydrate formation in the growth chamber. Initial results suggest hydrate grows rapidly near the growth chamber inlet. Techniques for establishing homogeneous hydrate formation throughout the sand pack are being developed.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008)","conferenceDate":"July 6-10, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, CA","language":"English","publisher":"University Of British Columbia Library","usgsCitation":"Waite, W., Osegovic, J., Winters, W.J., Max, M., and Mason, D.H., 2008, Seeding hydrate formation in water-saturated sand with dissolved-phase methane obtained from hydrate dissolution: A progress report, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008), Vancouver, CA, July 6-10, 2008, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719271e4b0a9a2e9dbde2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osegovic, J.P.","contributorId":201510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osegovic","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Max, M.D.","contributorId":17366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Max","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mason, David H. dmason@usgs.gov","contributorId":624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"David","email":"dmason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":726153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194261,"text":"70194261 - 2008 - A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:20:16","indexId":"70194261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"

A one-dimensional numerical model that simulates the effects of whitecapping waves was used to investigate the importance of whitecapping waves to vertical mixing at a 3-meter-deep site in Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta over an 11-day period. Locally-generated waves of mean period approximately 2 s were generated under strong wind conditions; significant wave heights ranged from 0 to 0.3 m. A surface turbulent kinetic energy flux was used to model whitecapping waves during periods when wind speeds > 5 m s-1 (62% of observations). The surface was modeled as a wind stress log-layer for the remaining 38% of the observations. The model results demonstrated that under moderate wind conditions (5–8 m s-1 at 10 m above water level), and hence moderate wave heights, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy to only the top 10% of the water column. Under stronger wind (> 8 m s-1), and hence larger wave conditions, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over a larger portion of the water column; however, this region extended to the bottom half of the water column for only 7% of the observation period. The model results indicated that phytoplankton concentrations close to the bed were unlikely to be affected by the whitecapping of waves, and that the formation of concentration boundary layers due to benthic grazing was unlikely to be disrupted by whitecapping waves. Furthermore, vertical mixing of suspended sediment was unlikely to be affected by whitecapping waves under the conditions experienced during the 11-day experiment. Instead, the bed stress provided by tidal currents was the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over the bottom half of the water column for the majority of the 11-day period.

","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J.K., Jones, N.L., and Monismith, S.G., 2008, A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-002562","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sk8z936"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -121.26846313476561,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -121.26846313476561,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.82822612280363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f69e4b06e28e9c257ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Nicole L.","contributorId":200624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":200625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70198261,"text":"70198261 - 2008 - Cenozoic evolution of the abrupt Colorado Plateau–Basin and Range boundary, northwest Arizona: A tale of three basins, immense lacustrine-evaporite deposits, and the nascent Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-24T10:06:11","indexId":"70198261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5478,"text":"Geological Society of America Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Cenozoic evolution of the abrupt Colorado Plateau–Basin and Range boundary, northwest Arizona: A tale of three basins, immense lacustrine-evaporite deposits, and the nascent Colorado River","docAbstract":"

In northwest Arizona, the relatively unextended Colorado Plateau gives way abruptly to the highly extended Colorado River extensional corridor within the Basin and Range province along a system of major west-dipping normal faults, including the Grand Wash fault zone and South Virgin–White Hills detachment fault. Large growth-fault basins developed in the hanging walls of these faults. Lowering of base level in the corridor facilitated development of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon. This trip explores stratigraphic constraints on the timing of deformation and paleogeographic evolution of the region. Highlights include growth-fault relations that constrain the timing of structural demarcation between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range, major fault zones, synextensional megabreccia deposits, nonmarine carbonate and halite deposits that immediately predate arrival of the Colorado River, and a basalt flow interbedded with Colorado River sediments.

Structural and stratigraphic relations indicate that the current physiography of the Colorado Plateau–Basin and Range boundary in northwest Arizona began developing ca. 16 Ma, was essentially established by 13 Ma, and has changed little since ca. 8 Ma. The antiquity and abruptness of this boundary, as well as the stratigraphic record, suggest significant headward erosion into the high-standing plateau in middle Miocene time. Thick late Miocene evaporite and lacustrine deposits indicate that a long period of internal drainage followed the onset of extension. The widespread distribution of such deposits may signify, however, a large influx of surface waters and/or groundwater from the Colorado Plateau possibly from a precursor to the Colorado River. Stratigraphic relations bracket arrival of a through-flowing Colorado River between 5.6 and 4.4 Ma.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field Guide to Plutons, Volcanoes, Faults, Reefs, Dinosaurs, and Possible Glaciation in Selected Areas pf Arizona, California, and Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/978-0-8137-0011-3","usgsCitation":"Faulds, J.E., Howard, K.A., and Duebendorfer, E.M., 2008, Cenozoic evolution of the abrupt Colorado Plateau–Basin and Range boundary, northwest Arizona: A tale of three basins, immense lacustrine-evaporite deposits, and the nascent Colorado River, chap. of Field Guide to Plutons, Volcanoes, Faults, Reefs, Dinosaurs, and Possible Glaciation in Selected Areas pf Arizona, California, and Nevada: Geological Society of America Field Guides, v. 11, p. 119-151, https://doi.org/10.1130/978-0-8137-0011-3.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bc63e4b0702d0e8453e5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Duebendorfer, E. M.","contributorId":79969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebendorfer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740787,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, E.I.","contributorId":95888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740788,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Faulds, J. E.","contributorId":84854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulds","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duebendorfer, E. M.","contributorId":79969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebendorfer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190784,"text":"70190784 - 2008 - Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T13:06:46","indexId":"70190784","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","docAbstract":"The October 11, 1918 ML 7.5 earthquake in the Mona Passage between Hispaniola \nand Puerto Rico generated a local tsunami that claimed approximately 100 lives \nalong the western coast of Puerto Rico. The area affected by this tsunami is \nnow significantly more populated. Newly acquired high-resolution bathymetry \nand seismic reflection lines in the Mona Passage show a fresh submarine landslide \n15 km northwest of Rinćon in northwestern Puerto Rico and in the vicinity of \nthe first published earthquake epicenter. The landslide area is approximately \n76 km2 and probably displaced a total volume of 10 km3. The landslide's headscarp \nis at a water depth of 1200 m, with the debris flow extending to a water depth \nof 4200 m.\n\nSubmarine telegraph cables were reported cut by a landslide in this area \nfollowing the earthquake, further suggesting that the landslide was the result \nof the October 11, 1918 earthquake. On the other hand, the location of the \npreviously suggested source of the 1918 tsunami, a normal fault along the east \nwall of Mona Rift, does not show recent seafloor rupture. Using the extended, \nweakly non-linear hydrodynamic equations implemented in the program COULWAVE, \nwe modeled the tsunami as generated by a landslide with a duration of 325 s \n(corresponding to an average speed of ~ 27 m/s) and with the observed dimensions \nand location. Calculated marigrams show a leading depression wave followed by a \nmaximum positive amplitude in agreement with the reported polarity, relative \namplitudes, and arrival times.\n\nOur results suggest this newly-identified landslide, which was likely triggered \nby the 1918 earthquake, was the primary cause of the October 11, 1918 tsunami \nand not the earthquake itself. Results from this study should be useful to help \ndiscern poorly constrained tsunami sources in other case studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001","usgsCitation":"López-Venegas, A., ten Brink, U., and Geist, E.L., 2008, Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling: Marine Geology, v. 254, no. 1-2, p. 35-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-005797","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2422","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Mona Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 15.771109173575294\n ],\n [\n -64.84130859375,\n 15.771109173575294\n ],\n [\n -64.84130859375,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 15.771109173575294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"254","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb952ee4b091459a578187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Venegas, A.M.","contributorId":196459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"López-Venegas","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187196,"text":"70187196 - 2008 - Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T10:31:51","indexId":"70187196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","docAbstract":"

Tens of millions of people in the Bengal Basin region of Bangladesh and India drink groundwater containing unsafe concentrations of arsenic. This high-arsenic groundwater is produced from shallow (<100 m) depths by domestic and irrigation wells in the Bengal Basin aquifer system. The government of Bangladesh has begun to install wells to depths of >150 m where groundwater arsenic concentrations are nearly uniformly low, and many more wells are needed, however, the sustainability of deep, arsenic-safe groundwater has not been previously assessed. Deeper pumping could induce downward migration of dissolved arsenic, permanently destroying the deep resource. Here, it is shown, through quantitative, large-scale hydrogeologic analysis and simulation of the entire basin, that the deeper part of the aquifer system may provide a sustainable source of arsenic-safe water if its utilization is limited to domestic supply. Simulations provide two explanations for this result: deep domestic pumping only slightly perturbs the deep groundwater flow system, and substantial shallow pumping for irrigation forms a hydraulic barrier that protects deeper resources from shallow arsenic sources. Additional analysis indicates that this simple management approach could provide arsenic-safe drinking water to >90% of the arsenic-impacted region over a 1,000-year timescale. This insight may assist water-resources managers in alleviating one of the world's largest groundwater contamination problems.

","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0710477105","usgsCitation":"Michaela, H.A., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 25, p. 8531-8536, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8531","endPage":"8536","ipdsId":"IP-003995","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"25","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaela, Holly A.","contributorId":57357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaela","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184302,"text":"70184302 - 2008 - Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:19:38","indexId":"70184302","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3431,"text":"Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","docAbstract":"

Every year, volunteers use thousands of discarded Christmas trees to build brush fences in the coastal waters of Louisiana. The fences slow down waves and trap sediment, allowing aquatic vegetation to take root in the still water and stimulating the growth of new marsh. This is one of many efforts to counteract wetland loss (the loss of saline, brackish, intermediate, and freshwater marshes) that has plagued coastal Louisiana since the mid-20th century. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists recently announced good news for Louisiana's coastal-restoration projects: using a combination of historical and recently released data, they discovered that subsidence of coastal land in the Mississippi River delta plain appears to have slowed considerably since the 1990s. This discovery means that new marshlands created by the Christmas tree program and other restoration projects may persist—that is, stay above sea level—longer than previously thought.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cimitile, M., and Gibbons, H., 2008, Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands: Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2008/10/research.html","text":"Document","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 29.707139348134145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -89.835205078125,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -89.835205078125,\n 29.640320395351402\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 29.640320395351402\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 29.05616970274342\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cimitile, Matthew","contributorId":50276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cimitile","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}