We present an approach to infer mass transfer parameters based on (1) an analytical model that relates the temporal moments of mobile and bulk concentration and (2) a bicontinuum modification to Archie's law. Whereas conventional geochemical measurements preferentially sample from the mobile domain, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is sensitive to bulk electrical conductivity and, thus, electrolytic solute in both the mobile and immobile domains. We demonstrate the new approach, in which temporal moments of collocated mobile domain conductivity (i.e., conventional sampling) and ERT‐estimated bulk conductivity are used to calculate heterogeneous mass transfer rate and immobile porosity fractions in a series of numerical column experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006750","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F.D., and Singha, K., 2008, Geoelectrical inference of mass transfer parameters using temporal moments: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 5, W05201; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006750.","productDescription":"W05201; 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-003982","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006750","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000543,"text":"70000543 - 2008 - Variational analysis of drifter positions and model outputs for the reconstruction of surface currents in the central Adriatic during fall 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000543","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variational analysis of drifter positions and model outputs for the reconstruction of surface currents in the central Adriatic during fall 2002","docAbstract":"In this paper we present an application of a variational method for the reconstruction of the velocity field in a coastal flow in the central Adriatic Sea, using in situ data from surface drifters and outputs from the ROMS circulation model. The variational approach, previously developed and tested for mesoscale open ocean flows, has been improved and adapted to account for inhomogeneities on boundary current dynamics over complex bathymetry and coastline and for weak Lagrangian persistence in coastal flows. The velocity reconstruction is performed using nine drifter trajectories over 45 d, and a hierarchy of indirect tests is introduced to evaluate the results as the real ocean state is not known. For internal consistency and impact of the analysis, three diagnostics characterizing the particle prediction and transport, in terms of residence times in various zones and export rates from the boundary current toward the interior, show that the reconstruction is quite effective. A qualitative comparison with sea color data from the MODIS satellite images shows that the reconstruction significantly improves the description of the boundary current with respect to the ROMS model first guess, capturing its main features and its exchanges with the interior when sampled by the drifters. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JC004148","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Taillandier, V., Griffa, A., Poulain, P., Signell, R., Chiggiato, J., and Carniel, S., 2008, Variational analysis of drifter positions and model outputs for the reconstruction of surface currents in the central Adriatic during fall 2002: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 113, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004148.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476474,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-04115083","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004148"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taillandier, V.","contributorId":87666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taillandier","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffa, A.","contributorId":71301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffa","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulain, P.-M.","contributorId":81230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulain","given":"P.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Signell, R.","contributorId":76052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiggiato, J.","contributorId":47065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiggiato","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carniel, S.","contributorId":47504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carniel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000544,"text":"70000544 - 2008 - Mineral chemistry and shrimp U-Pb Geochronology of mesoproterozoic polycrase-titanite veins in the sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000544","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral chemistry and shrimp U-Pb Geochronology of mesoproterozoic polycrase-titanite veins in the sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, British Columbia","docAbstract":"Small polycrase-titanite veins 0.1-2 mm thick cut the tourmalinite feeder zone in the deep footwall of the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, southeastern British Columbia. Unaltered, euhedral crystals of polycrase and titanite 50-100 ??m in diameter are variably replaced by a finer-grained alteration-induced assemblage composed of anhedral polycrase and titanite with local calcite, albite, epidote, allanite, and thorite or uranothorite (or both). Average compositions of the unaltered and altered polycrase, as determined by electron-microprobe analysis, are (Y0.38 REE0.49 Th0.10 Ca0.04 Pb0.03 Fe0.01U0.01) (Ti1.48 Nb0.54 W0.04 Ta0.02)O6 and (Y0.42 REE0.32 Th0.15 U0.06 Ca0.04 Pb0.01 Fe0.01) (Ti1.57 Nb0.44 W0.04 Ta0.02)O6, respectively. The unaltered titanite has, in some areas, appreciable F (to 0.15 apfu), Y (to 0.40 apfu), and Nb (to 0.13 apfu). SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of eight grains of unaltered polycrase yields a weighted 207Pb/206Pb age of 1413 ?? 4 Ma (2??) that is interpreted to be the age of vein formation. This age is 50-60 m.y. younger than the ca. 1470 Ma age of synsedimentary Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the Sullivan deposit, which is based on combined geological and geochronological data. SHRIMP ages for altered polycrase and titanite suggest later growth of minerals during the ???1370-1320 Ma East Kootenay and ???1150-1050 Ma Grenvillian orogenies. The 1413 ?? 4 Ma age for the unaltered polycrase in the veins records a previously unrecognized post-ore (<1470 Ma) and premetamorphic (>1370 Ma) mineralizing event in the Sullivan deposit and vicinity. The SHRIMP U-Pb age of the polycrase and high concentrations of REE, Y, Ti, Nb, and Th in the veins, together with elevated F in titanite and the absence of associated sulfides, suggest transport of these high-field-strength elements (HFSE) by F-rich and S-poor hydrothermal fluids unrelated to the fluids that formed the older Fe-Pb-Zn-Ag sulfide ores of the Sullivan deposit. Fluids containing abundant REE, HFSE, and F may have been derived from a geochemically specialized magma such as those that form alkaline granites, pegmatites, or carbonatites. In an alternative model. preferred here, these fluids were associated with a rift-related, crustal metasomatic event in the region. Determination of a Mesoproterozoic age for the polycrase-titanite veins establishes the first known occurrence of pre-Grenvillian REE-rich mineralization in the Belt-Purcell basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3749/canmin.46.2.361","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Aleinikoff, J.N., Belkin, H., Fanning, C., and Ransom, P., 2008, Mineral chemistry and shrimp U-Pb Geochronology of mesoproterozoic polycrase-titanite veins in the sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, British Columbia: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 46, no. 2, p. 361-378, https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.2.361.","startPage":"361","endPage":"378","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.2.361"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ransom, P.W.","contributorId":6172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000541,"text":"70000541 - 2008 - Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000541","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data","docAbstract":"Only a few impact craters have been unambiguously detected on Titan by the Cassini-Huygens mission. Among these, Sinlap is the only one that has been observed both by the RADAR and VIMS instruments. This paper describes observations at centimeter and infrared wavelengths which provide complementary information about the composition, topography, and surface roughness. Several units appear in VIMS false color composites of band ratios in the Sinlap area, suggesting compositional heterogeneities. A bright pixel possibly related to a central peak does not show significant spectral variations, indicating either that the impact site was vertically homogeneous, or that this area has been recovered by homogeneous deposits. Both VIMS ratio images and dielectric constant measurements suggest the presence of an area enriched in water ice around the main ejecta blanket. Since the Ku-band SAR may see subsurface structures at the meter scale, the difference between infrared and SAR observations can be explained by the presence of a thin layer transparent to the radar. An analogy with terrestrial craters in Libya supports this interpretation. Finally, a tentative model describes the geological history of this area prior, during, and after the impact. It involves mainly the creation of ballistic ejecta and an expanding plume of vapor triggered by the impact, followed by the redeposition of icy spherules recondensed from this vapor plume blown downwind. Subsequent evolution is then driven by erosional processes and aeolian deposition. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002965","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Le Mouelic, S., Paillou, P., Janssen, M., Barnes, J.W., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Crapeau, M., Encrenaz, P., Jaumann, R., Geudtner, D., Paganelli, F., Soderblom, L., Tobie, G., and Wall, S., 2008, Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002965.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476477,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00261442","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002965"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le Mouelic, S.","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouelic","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillou, P.","contributorId":45043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillou","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janssen, M.A.","contributorId":28345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Crapeau, M.","contributorId":33438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crapeau","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Encrenaz, P.J.","contributorId":18092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Encrenaz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Geudtner, D.","contributorId":46667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geudtner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Paganelli, F.","contributorId":17353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganelli","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Tobie, G.","contributorId":89267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobie","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wall, S.","contributorId":103774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70000560,"text":"70000560 - 2008 - Tracking acid mine-drainage in Southeast Arizona using GIS and sediment delivery models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000560","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking acid mine-drainage in Southeast Arizona using GIS and sediment delivery models","docAbstract":"This study investigates the application of models traditionally used to estimate erosion and sediment deposition to assess the potential risk of water quality impairment resulting from metal-bearing materials related to mining and mineralization. An integrated watershed analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based tools was undertaken to examine erosion and sediment transport characteristics within the watersheds. Estimates of stream deposits of sediment from mine tailings were related to the chemistry of surface water to assess the effectiveness of the methodology to assess the risk of acid mine-drainage being dispersed downstream of abandoned tailings and waste rock piles. A watershed analysis was preformed in the Patagonia Mountains in southeastern Arizona which has seen substantial mining and where recent water quality samples have reported acidic surface waters. This research demonstrates an improvement of the ability to predict streams that are likely to have severely degraded water quality as a result of past mining activities. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-007-0024-5","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Gray, F., Guertin, D., Wissler, C., and Bliss, J.D., 2008, Tracking acid mine-drainage in Southeast Arizona using GIS and sediment delivery models: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 145, no. 1-3, p. 145-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0024-5.","startPage":"145","endPage":"157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0024-5"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, L.M.","contributorId":20455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, F.","contributorId":87270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guertin, D.P.","contributorId":36264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wissler, C.","contributorId":71304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wissler","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bliss, J. D.","contributorId":25564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000179,"text":"70000179 - 2008 - Effects of habitat disturbance on survival rates of softshell turtles (Apalone spinifera) in an urban stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000179","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of habitat disturbance on survival rates of softshell turtles (Apalone spinifera) in an urban stream","docAbstract":"We monitored Spiny Softshell Turtles (Apalone spinifera) using mark-recapture during 1994-2005 in Gin Creek, Searcy, Arkansas. In 1997-2000 the creek bed and riparian zone were bulldozed in an effort to remove debris and improve water flow. This disturbance appeared to reduce the quantity and quality of turtle habitat. We tested for the potential effect of this habitat disturbance on the survival rates of marked turtles. We estimated annual survival rates for the population using models that allowed for variation in survival by state of maturation, year, and effects of the disturbance; we evaluated two different models of the disturbance impact. The first disturbance model incorporated a single change in survival rates, following the disturbance, whereas the second disturbance model incorporated three survival rates: pre- and postdisturbance, as well as a short-term decline during the disturbance. We used a state-transition model for our mark-recapture analysis, as softshells transition from juveniles to adults in a variable period of time. Our analysis indicated that survival varied by maturation state and was independent of a time trend or the disturbance. Annual survival rates were lower for juveniles (S?? = 0.717, SE = 0.039) than for adults (S?? = 0.836, SE = 0.025). Despite the dramatic habitat disturbance, we found no negative effects on survival rates. Our results demonstrate that, like a few other freshwater turtle species known to thrive in urban environments, populations of A. spinifera are resilient and can persist in urban environments despite periodic habitat disturbances. Copyright 2008 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/07-217.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Plummer, M., Krementz, D., Powell, L., and Mills, N., 2008, Effects of habitat disturbance on survival rates of softshell turtles (Apalone spinifera) in an urban stream: Journal of Herpetology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 555-563, https://doi.org/10.1670/07-217.1.","startPage":"555","endPage":"563","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/07-217.1"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61230f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, M.V.","contributorId":38267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, N.E.","contributorId":105031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000226,"text":"70000226 - 2008 - Exposure of xenopus laevis tadpoles to cadmium reveals concentration-dependent bimodal effects on growth and monotonic effects on development and thyroid gland activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000226","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3608,"text":"Toxicological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure of xenopus laevis tadpoles to cadmium reveals concentration-dependent bimodal effects on growth and monotonic effects on development and thyroid gland activity","docAbstract":"Xenopus laevis were exposed to 0-855 ??g cadmium (Cd)/l (measured concentrations) in FETAX medium from fertilization to 47 days postfertilization. Measurements included embryonic survival and, at 47 days, tadpole survival, snout-vent length, tail length, total length, hindlimb length, weight, Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF) stage of development, initiation of metamorphic climax (??? NF 58), and thyroid follicle cell height. Embryonic and larval survival were unaffected by Cd. Relative to control tadpoles, reduced tail and total length were observed at 0.1- 8 and at 855 ??g Cd/l; and reduced snout-vent length, hindlimb length, and weight were observed at 0.1-1 and at 855 ??g Cd/l. Mean stage of development and rate of initiation of climax were unaffected by Cd at 0-84 ??g/l; however, none of the tadpoles exposed to 855 ??g Cd/l progressed beyond mid-premetamorphosis (NF 51). Thyroid glands with fully formed follicles were observed in all tadpoles ??? NF 49 examined. Follicle cell height was unaffected by Cd at 0-84 ??g/l but it was reduced at 855 ??g/l; in the latter, cell height was reduced even when compared with NF 49-51 tadpoles pooled from the 0 to 84 ??g Cd/l groups. In conclusion, (1) Cd affected tadpole growth in a bimodal pattern with the first and second inhibitory modes at concentrations below and above 84 ??g Cd/l, respectively; (2) exposure to high Cd concentrations (855 ??g/l) reduced thyroid activity and arrested tadpole development at mid-premetamorphosis; and (3) unlike its effect on growth, Cd inhibited tadpole development and thyroid function in a seemingly monotonic pattern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/toxsci/kfn119","issn":"10966080","usgsCitation":"Sharma, B., and Patino, R., 2008, Exposure of xenopus laevis tadpoles to cadmium reveals concentration-dependent bimodal effects on growth and monotonic effects on development and thyroid gland activity: Toxicological Sciences, v. 105, no. 1, p. 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn119.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476478,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.483.5897","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn119"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, Bibek","contributorId":100106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharma","given":"Bibek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000237,"text":"70000237 - 2008 - Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids","docAbstract":"The potential for forest harvest to increase snowmelt rates in maritime snow climates is well recognized. However, questions still exist about the magnitude of peak flow increases in basins larger than 10 km2 and the geomorphic and biological consequences of these changes. In this study, we used observations from two nearly adjacent small basins (13 and 30 km2) in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, one with recent, relatively extensive, timber harvest, and the other with little disturbance in the last 50 years to explore changes in peak flows due to timber harvest and their potential effects on fish. Peak discharge was computed for a specitic rain-on-snow event using a series of physical models that linked predicted values of snowmelt input to a runoff-routing model. Predictions indicate that timber harvest caused a 25% increase in the peak flow of the modelled event and increased the frequency of events of this magnitude from a 9-year recurrence interval to a 3-6-year event. These changes in hydrologic regime, with larger discharges at shorter recurrence intervals, are predicted to increase the depth and frequency of streambed scour, causing up to 15% added mortality of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) embryos. Mortality from increased scour, although not catastrophic, may have contributed to the extirpation of this species from the Coeur d'Alene basin, given the widespread timber harvest that occurred in this region. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6918","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tonina, D., Luce, C., Rieman, B., Buffington, J., Goodwin, P., Clayton, S., Ali, S., Barry, J., and Berenbrock, C., 2008, Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 17, p. 3223-3235, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6918.","startPage":"3223","endPage":"3235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6918"}],"volume":"22","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e982","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tonina, D.","contributorId":14552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonina","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luce, C.H.","contributorId":81057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rieman, B.","contributorId":11178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buffington, J.M.","contributorId":99677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodwin, P.","contributorId":46665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clayton, S.R.","contributorId":95992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ali, S.","contributorId":96809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ali","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barry, J.J.","contributorId":23482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berenbrock, C.","contributorId":33435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70000547,"text":"70000547 - 2008 - Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000547","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1527,"text":"Environmental Bioindicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"Blackbirds share wetland habitat with many waterfowl species in Bird Conservation Region 11 (BCR 11), the prairie potholes. Because of similar habitat preferences, there may be associations between blackbird populations and populations of one or more species of waterfowl in BCR11. This study models populations of red-winged blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds as a function of multiple waterfowl species using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey within BCR11. For each blackbird species, we created a global model with blackbird abundance modeled as a function of 11 waterfowl species; nuisance effects (year, route, and observer) also were included in the model. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in WinBUGS 1.4.1. Waterfowl abundances were weakly associated with blackbird numbers, and no single waterfowl species showed a strong correlation with any blackbird species. These findings suggest waterfowl abundance from a single species is not likely a good bioindicator of blackbird abundance; however, a global model provided good fit for predicting red-winged blackbird abundance. Increased model complexity may be required for accurate predictions of blackbird abundance; the amount of data required to construct appropriate models may limit this approach for predicting blackbird abundance in the prairie potholes. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Bioindicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15555270802275434","issn":"15555275","usgsCitation":"Forcey, G., Linz, G., Thogmartin, W., and Bleier, W., 2008, Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada: Environmental Bioindicators, v. 3, no. 2, p. 124-135, https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802275434.","startPage":"124","endPage":"135","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15555270802275434"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69975c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcey, G.M.","contributorId":57998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcey","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linz, G.M.","contributorId":70877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linz","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleier, W.J.","contributorId":79194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleier","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000557,"text":"70000557 - 2008 - Comparisons of the NGA ground-motion relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000557","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of the NGA ground-motion relations","docAbstract":"The data sets, model parameterizations, and results from the five NGA models for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions are compared. A key difference in the data sets is the inclusion or exclusion of aftershocks. A comparison of the median spectral values for strike-slip earthquakes shows that they are within a factor of 1.5 for magnitudes between 6.0 and 7.0 for distances less than 100 km. The differences increase to a factor of 2 for M5 and M8 earthquakes, for buried ruptures, and for distances greater than 100 km. For soil sites, the differences in the modeling of soil/sediment depth effects increase the range in the median long-period spectral values for M7 strike-slip earthquakes to a factor of 3. The five models have similar standard deviations for M6.5-M7.5 earthquakes for rock sites and for soil sites at distances greater than 50 km. Differences in the standard deviations of up to 0.2 natural log units for moderate magnitudes at all distances and for large magnitudes at short distances result from the treatment of the magnitude dependence and the effects of nonlinear site response on the standard deviation. ?? 2008, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.2924363","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Abrahamson, N., Atkinson, G., Boore, D., Bozorgnia, Y., Campbell, K., Chiou, B., Idriss, I., Silva, W., and Young, S., 2008, Comparisons of the NGA ground-motion relations: Earthquake Spectra, v. 24, no. 1, p. 45-66, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2924363.","startPage":"45","endPage":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18951,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2924363"},{"id":203278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa4a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrahamson, N.","contributorId":60358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, G.","contributorId":22074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, D.","contributorId":67200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bozorgnia, Y.","contributorId":51427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozorgnia","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":10526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chiou, B.","contributorId":92398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Idriss, I.M.","contributorId":105412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Idriss","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Silva, W.","contributorId":52693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Young, S.R.","contributorId":83643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70000275,"text":"70000275 - 2008 - Estuarine sediment transport by gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer, Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T14:53:13","indexId":"70000275","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuarine sediment transport by gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer, Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Interpretation of sidescan-sonar imagery provides evidence that down-slope gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer constitutes an important mode of transporting sediment into the basins of north-central Long Island Sound, a major US East Coast estuary. In the Western Basin, this transport mechanism has formed dendritic drainage systems characterized by branching patterns of low backscatter on the seafloor that exceed 7.4 km in length and progressively widen down-slope, reaching widths of over 0.6 km at their southern distal ends. Although much smaller, dendritic patterns of similar morphology are also present in the northwestern part of the Central Basin. Because many contaminants display affinities for adsorption onto fine-grained sediments, and because the Sound is affected by seasonal hypoxia, mechanisms and dispersal pathways by which inorganic and organic sediments are remobilized and transported impact the eventual fate of the contaminants and environmental health of the estuary.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00367-008-0118-2","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K., Williams, S., Crocker, J., and Doran, E.F., 2008, Estuarine sediment transport by gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer, Long Island Sound: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 28, no. 4, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-008-0118-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachussetts, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.927001953125,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -71.96868896484375,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -71.96868896484375,\n 41.325263743947616\n ],\n [\n -73.927001953125,\n 41.325263743947616\n ],\n [\n -73.927001953125,\n 40.93426521177941\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crocker, J.M.","contributorId":6152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crocker","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000288,"text":"70000288 - 2008 - Evaluation of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering ducks in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:01:17.297523","indexId":"70000288","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering ducks in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Researchers have successfully designed aerial surveys that provided precise estimates of wintering populations of ducks over large physiographic regions, yet few conservation agencies have adopted these probability-based sampling designs for their surveys. We designed and evaluated an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini) other than mallards, diving ducks (tribes Aythini, Mergini, and Oxyurini), and total ducks in western Mississippi, USA. We used design-based sampling of fixed width transects to estimate population indices (Î), and we used model-based methods to correct population indices for visibility bias and estimate population abundance (N̂) for 14 surveys during winters 2002–2004. Correcting for bias increased estimates of mallards, other dabbling ducks, and diving ducks by an average of 40–48% among all surveys and contributed 48–61% of the estimated variance of N̂. However, mean-squared errors were consistently less for N̂ than Î. Estimates of N̂ met our goals for precision (CV ≤ 15%) in 7 of 14 surveys for mallards, 5 surveys for other dabbling ducks, no surveys for diving ducks, and 10 surveys for total ducks. Generally, we estimated more mallards and other dabbling ducks in mid- and late winter (Jan–Feb) than early winter (Nov–Dec) and determined that population indices from the late 1980s were nearly 3 times greater than those from our study. We developed a method to display relative densities of ducks spatially as an additional application of survey data. Our study advanced methods of estimating abundance of wintering waterfowl, and we recommend this design for continued monitoring of wintering ducks in western Mississippi and similar physiographic regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.2193/2007-471","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., Dinsmore, S., Kaminski, R.M., and Reinecke, K.J., 2008, Evaluation of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering ducks in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1413-1419, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-471.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1419","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.3506529084705,\n 34.8155049576614\n ],\n [\n -91.16265886235584,\n 33.804792398733014\n ],\n [\n -91.18356048811279,\n 33.03680764466297\n ],\n [\n -91.00234230882234,\n 32.525992065614446\n ],\n [\n -90.04531989694982,\n 33.13430838520391\n ],\n [\n -89.92175342496049,\n 34.38245463409882\n ],\n [\n -90.3506529084705,\n 34.8155049576614\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinsmore, Stephen J.","contributorId":61718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, Richard M.","contributorId":78205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaminski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000303,"text":"70000303 - 2008 - Landscape-scale evaluation of genetic structure among barrier-isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T13:49:35","indexId":"70000303","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-scale evaluation of genetic structure among barrier-isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii","docAbstract":"Relationships among landscape structure, stochastic disturbance, and genetic diversity were assessed by examining interactions between watershed-scale environmental factors and genetic diversity of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in 27 barrier-isolated watersheds from western Oregon, USA. Headwater populations of coastal cutthroat trout were genetically differentiated (mean FST = 0.33) using data from seven microsatellite loci (2232 individuals), but intrapopulation microsatellite genetic diversity (mean number of alleles per locus = 5, mean He = 0.60) was only moderate. Genetic diversity of coastal cutthroat trout was greater (P = 0.02) in the Coast Range ecoregion (mean alleles = 47) than in the Cascades ecoregion (mean alleles = 30), and differences coincided with indices of regional within-watershed complexity and connectivity. Furthermore, regional patterns of diversity evident from isolation-by-distance plots suggested that retention of within-population genetic diversity in the Coast Range ecoregion is higher than that in the Cascades, where genetic drift is the dominant factor influencing genetic patterns. Thus, it appears that physical landscape features have influenced genetic patterns in these populations isolated from short-term immigration. ?? 2008 NRC.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-090","usgsCitation":"Guy, T., Gresswell, R., and Banks, M., 2008, Landscape-scale evaluation of genetic structure among barrier-isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1749-1762, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-090.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1749","endPage":"1762","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-090"}],"volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b145c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, T.J.","contributorId":38087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banks, M. A.","contributorId":96631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000546,"text":"70000546 - 2008 - Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of Indo-Pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda: Portunidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000546","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of Indo-Pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda: Portunidae)","docAbstract":"The mangrove or mud crab, Scylla serrata, is an important component of mangrove fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific. Understanding crab diets and habitat use should assist in managing these fisheries and could provide additional justification for conservation of the mangrove ecosystem itself. We used multiple chemical tracers to test whether crab movements were restricted to local mangrove forests, or extended to include adjacent seagrass beds and reef flats. We sampled three mangrove forests on the island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia at Lelu Harbor, Okat River, and Utwe tidal channel. Samples of S. serrata and likely food sources were analyzed for stable carbon (??13C), nitrogen (??15N), and sulfur (??34S) isotopes. Scylla serrata tissues also were analyzed for phosphorus (P), cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na), and trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and B). Discriminant analysis indicated that at least 87% of the crabs remain in each site as distinct populations. Crab stable isotope values indicated potential differences in habitat use within estuaries. Values for ??13C and ??34S in crabs from Okat and Utwe were low and similar to values expected from animals feeding within mangrove forests, e.g., feeding on infauna that had average ??13C values near -26.5???. In contrast, crabs from Lelu had higher ?? 13C and ??34S values, with average values of -21.8 and 7.8???, respectively. These higher isotope values are consistent with increased crab foraging on reef flats and seagrasses. Given that S. serrata have been observed feeding on adjacent reef and seagrass environments on Kosrae, it is likely that they move in and out of the mangroves for feeding. Isotope mixing model results support these conclusions, with the greatest mangrove ecosystem contribution to S. serrata diet occurring in the largest mangrove forests. Conserving larger island mangrove forests (> 1 km deep) appears to support crab foraging activities. ?? 2007 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-007-9008-5","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A.W., Cormier, N., Ewel, K.C., and Fry, B., 2008, Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of Indo-Pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda: Portunidae): Estuaries and Coasts, v. 31, no. 2, p. 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-007-9008-5.","startPage":"371","endPage":"381","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18943,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-007-9008-5"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6044a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, A. W.J.","contributorId":50638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"A.","middleInitial":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cormier, Nicole 0000-0003-2453-9900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":33822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":346289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewel, K. C.","contributorId":70352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fry, B.","contributorId":52694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000302,"text":"70000302 - 2008 - Significance of model credibility in estimating climate projection distributions for regional hydroclimatological risk assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000302","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of model credibility in estimating climate projection distributions for regional hydroclimatological risk assessments","docAbstract":"Ensembles of historical climate simulations and climate projections from the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset were investigated to determine how model credibility affects apparent relative scenario likelihoods in regional risk assessments. Methods were developed and applied in a Northern California case study. An ensemble of 59 twentieth century climate simulations from 17 WCRP CMIP3 models was analyzed to evaluate relative model credibility associated with a 75-member projection ensemble from the same 17 models. Credibility was assessed based on how models realistically reproduced selected statistics of historical climate relevant to California climatology. Metrics of this credibility were used to derive relative model weights leading to weight-threshold culling of models contributing to the projection ensemble. Density functions were then estimated for two projected quantities (temperature and precipitation), with and without considering credibility-based ensemble reductions. An analysis for Northern California showed that, while some models seem more capable at recreating limited aspects twentieth century climate, the overall tendency is for comparable model performance when several credibility measures are combined. Use of these metrics to decide which models to include in density function development led to local adjustments to function shapes, but led to limited affect on breadth and central tendency, which were found to be more influenced by 'completeness' of the original ensemble in terms of models and emissions pathways. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10584-007-9388-3","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Brekke, L., Dettinger, M.D., Maurer, E., and Anderson, M., 2008, Significance of model credibility in estimating climate projection distributions for regional hydroclimatological risk assessments: Climatic Change, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 371-394, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9388-3.","startPage":"371","endPage":"394","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18774,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9388-3"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brekke, L.D.","contributorId":66395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maurer, E.P.","contributorId":30338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, M.","contributorId":63141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000277,"text":"70000277 - 2008 - Seasonal variation in size-dependent survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Performance of multistate capture-mark-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000277","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in size-dependent survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Performance of multistate capture-mark-recapture models","docAbstract":"We estimated the magnitude and shape of size-dependent survival (SDS) across multiple sampling intervals for two cohorts of stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles using multistate capture-mark-recapture (CMR) models. Simulations designed to test the effectiveness of multistate models for detecting SDS in our system indicated that error in SDS estimates was low and that both time-invariant and time-varying SDS could be detected with sample sizes of >250, average survival of >0.6, and average probability of capture of >0.6, except for cases of very strong SDS. In the field (N ??? 750, survival 0.6-0.8 among sampling intervals, probability of capture 0.6-0.8 among sampling occasions), about one-third of the sampling intervals showed evidence of SDS, with poorer survival of larger fish during the age-2+ autumn and quadratic survival (opposite direction between cohorts) during age-1+ spring. The varying magnitude and shape of SDS among sampling intervals suggest a potential mechanism for the maintenance of the very wide observed size distributions. Estimating SDS using multistate CMR models appears complementary to established approaches, can provide estimates with low error, and can be used to detect intermittent SDS. ?? 2008 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-083","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., and Horton, G., 2008, Seasonal variation in size-dependent survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Performance of multistate capture-mark-recapture models: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1649-1666, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-083.","startPage":"1649","endPage":"1666","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-083"}],"volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, G.E.","contributorId":8594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000278,"text":"70000278 - 2008 - Evidence for an apical Na-Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in a teleost fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000278","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an apical Na-Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in a teleost fish","docAbstract":"Cation-chloride cotransporters, such as the Na+/K +/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) and Na+/Cl - cotransporter (NCC), are localized to the apical or basolateral plasma membranes of epithelial cells and are involved in active ion absorption or secretion. The objectives of this study were to clone and identify 'freshwater-type' and 'seawater-type' cation-chloride cotransporters of euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and to determine their intracellular localization patterns within mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs). From tilapia gills, we cloned four full-length cDNAs homologous to human cation-chloride cotransporters and designated them as tilapia NKCC1a, NKCC1b, NKCC2 and NCC. Out of the four candidates, the mRNA encoding NKCC1a was highly expressed in the yolk-sac membrane and gills (sites of the MRC localization) of seawater-acclimatized fish, whereas the mRNA encoding NCC was exclusively expressed in the yolk-sac membrane and gills of freshwater-acclimatized fish. We then generated antibodies specific for tilapia NKCC1a and NCC and conducted whole-mount immunofluorescence staining for NKCC1a and NCC, together with Na+/K+-ATPase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), on the yolk-sac membrane of tilapia embryos acclimatized to freshwater or seawater. The simultaneous quintuple-color immunofluorescence staining allowed us to classify MRCs clearly into four types: types I, II, III and IV. The NKCC1a immunoreactivity was localized to the basolateral membrane of seawater-specific type-IV MRCs, whereas the NCC immunoreactivity was restricted to the apical membrane of freshwater-specific type-II MRCs. Taking account of these data at the level of both mRNA and protein, we deduce that NKCC1a is the seawater-type cotransporter involved in ion secretion by type-IV MRCs and that NCC is the freshwater-type cotransporter involved in ion absorption by type-II MRCs. We propose a novel ion-uptake model by MRCs in freshwater that incorporates apically located NCC. We also reevaluate a traditional ion-uptake model incorporating NHE3; the mRNA was highly expressed in freshwater, and the immunoreactivity was found at the apical membrane of other freshwater-specific MRCs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1242/jeb.018663","issn":"00220949","usgsCitation":"Hiroi, J., Yasumasu, S., McCormick, S., Hwang, P., and Kaneko, T., 2008, Evidence for an apical Na-Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in a teleost fish: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 211, no. 16, p. 2584-2599, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.018663.","startPage":"2584","endPage":"2599","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.018663"}],"volume":"211","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiroi, J.","contributorId":48289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiroi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yasumasu, S.","contributorId":12164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasumasu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, P.-P.","contributorId":87665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"P.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaneko, T.","contributorId":31509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaneko","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000173,"text":"70000173 - 2008 - Pros and cons of multistory RC tunnel-form (box-type) buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000173","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3483,"text":"Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pros and cons of multistory RC tunnel-form (box-type) buildings","docAbstract":"Tunnel-form structural systems (i.e., box systems), having a load-carrying mechanism composed of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls and slabs only, have been prevailingly utilized in the construction of multistory residential units. The superiority of tunnel-form buildings over their conventional counterparts stems from the enhanced earthquake resistance they provide, and the considerable speed and economy of their construction. During recent earthquakes in Turkey, they exhibited better seismic performance in contrast to the damaged condition of a number of RC frames and dual systems (i.e., RC frames with shear wall configurations). Thus the tunnel-form system has become a primary construction technique in many seismically active regions. In this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of tunnel-form buildings are addressed in terms of design considerations and construction applications. The impacts of shear wall reinforcement ratio and its detailing on system ductility, loadcarrying capacity and failure mechanism under seismic forces are evaluated at section and global system levels. Influences of tension/compression coupling and wall openings on the response are also discussed. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models, verified through comparisons with experimental results, were used for numerical assessments. Findings from this projection provide useful information on adequate vertical reinforcement ratio and boundary reinforcement to achieve enhanced performance of tunnel-form buildings under seismic actions. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/tal.368","issn":"15417794","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Yuksel, S., 2008, Pros and cons of multistory RC tunnel-form (box-type) buildings: Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, v. 17, no. 3, p. 601-617, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.368.","startPage":"601","endPage":"617","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18707,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.368"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6734f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuksel, S.B.","contributorId":67202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuksel","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000261,"text":"70000261 - 2008 - Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:11:43","indexId":"70000261","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease","docAbstract":"A balanced approach to coral disease investigation is critical for understanding the global decline of corals. Such an approach should involve the proper use of biomedical concepts, tools, and terminology to address confusion and promote clarity in the coral disease literature. Investigating disease in corals should follow a logical series of steps including identification of disease, systematic morphologic descriptions of lesions at the gross and cellular levels, measurement of health indices, and experiments to understand disease pathogenesis and the complex interactions between host, pathogen, and the environment. This model for disease investigation is widely accepted in the medical, veterinary and invertebrate pathology disciplines. We present standard biomedical rationale behind the detection, description, and naming of diseases and offer examples of the application of Koch's postulates to elucidate the etiology of some infectious diseases. Basic epidemiologic concepts are introduced to help investigators think systematically about the cause(s) of complex diseases. A major goal of disease investigation in corals and other organisms is to gather data that will enable the establishment of standardized case definitions to distinguish among diseases. Concepts and facts amassed from empirical studies over the centuries by medical and veterinary pathologists have standardized disease investigation and are invaluable to coral researchers because of the robust comparisons they enable; examples of these are given throughout this paper. Arguments over whether coral diseases are caused by primary versus opportunistic pathogens reflect the lack of data available to prove or refute such hypotheses and emphasize the need for coral disease investigations that focus on: characterizing the normal microbiota and physiology of the healthy host; defining ecological interactions within the microbial community associated with the host; and investigating host immunity, host-agent interactions, pathology, pathogenesis, and factors that promote the pathogenicity of the causative agent(s) of disease.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.011","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Richardson, L.L., Reynolds, T.L., and Willis, B.L., 2008, Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 362, no. 2, p. 63-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.011"}],"volume":"362","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60745a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, Laurie L.","contributorId":29322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, T. L.","contributorId":51001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, Bette L.","contributorId":86467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Bette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000198,"text":"70000198 - 2008 - Spatial patterns of simulated transpiration response to climate variability in a snow dominated mountain ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:15:56","indexId":"70000198","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns of simulated transpiration response to climate variability in a snow dominated mountain ecosystem","docAbstract":"Transpiration is an important component of soil water storage and stream-flow and is linked with ecosystem productivity, species distribution, and ecosystem health. In mountain environments, complex topography creates heterogeneity in key controls on transpiration as well as logistical challenges for collecting representative measurements. In these settings, ecosystem models can be used to account for variation in space and time of the dominant controls on transpiration and provide estimates of transpiration patterns and their sensitivity to climate variability and change. The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) model was used to assess elevational differences in sensitivity of transpiration rates to the spatiotemporal variability of climate variables across the Upper Merced River watershed, Yosemite Valley, California, USA. At the basin scale, predicted annual transpiration was lowest in driest and wettest years, and greatest in moderate precipitation years (R2 = 0.32 and 0.29, based on polynomial regression of maximum snow depth and annual precipitation, respectively). At finer spatial scales, responsiveness of transpiration rates to climate differed along an elevational gradient. Low elevations (1200-1800 m) showed little interannual variation in transpiration due to topographically controlled high soil moistures along the river corridor. Annual conifer stand transpiration at intermediate elevations (1800-2150 m) responded more strongly to precipitation, resulting in a unimodal relationship between transpiration and precipitation where highest transpiration occurred during moderate precipitation levels, regardless of annual air temperatures. Higher elevations (2150-2600 m) maintained this trend, but air temperature sensitivities were greater. At these elevations, snowfall provides enough moisture for growth, and increased temperatures influenced transpiration. Transpiration at the highest elevations (2600-4000 m) showed strong sensitivity to air temperature, little sensitivity to precipitation. Model results suggest elevational differences in vegetation water use and sensitivity to climate were significant and will likely play a key role in controlling responses and vulnerability of Sierra Nevada ecosystems to climate change. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6961","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Christensen, L., Tague, C., and Baron, J., 2008, Spatial patterns of simulated transpiration response to climate variability in a snow dominated mountain ecosystem: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 18, p. 3576-3588, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6961.","startPage":"3576","endPage":"3588","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6961"},{"id":203701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, L.","contributorId":87271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tague, C.L.","contributorId":86085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tague","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000254,"text":"70000254 - 2008 - Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000254","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna","docAbstract":"The growth patterns of macroalgae in three-dimensional space can provide important information regarding the environments in which they live, and insights into changes that may occur when those environments change due to anthropogenic and/or natural causes. To decipher these patterns and their attendant mechanisms and influencing factors, a spatially explicit model has been developed. The model SPREAD (SPatially-explicit Reef Algae Dynamics), which incorporates the key morphogenetic characteristics of clonality and morphological plasticity, is used to investigate the influences of light, temperature, nutrients and disturbance on the growth and spatial occupancy of dominant macroalgae in the Florida Reef Tract. The model species, Halimeda and Dictyota spp., are modular organisms, with an 'individual' being made up of repeating structures. These species can also propagate asexually through clonal fragmentation. These traits lead to potentially indefinite growth and plastic morphology that can respond to environmental conditions in various ways. The growth of an individual is modeled as the iteration of discrete macroalgal modules whose dynamics are affected by the light, temperature, and nutrient regimes. Fragmentation is included as a source of asexual reproduction and/or mortality. Model outputs are the same metrics that are obtained in the field, thus allowing for easy comparison. The performance of SPREAD was tested through sensitivity analysis and comparison with independent field data from four study sites in the Florida Reef Tract. Halimeda tuna was selected for initial model comparisons because the relatively untangled growth form permits detailed characterization in the field. Differences in the growth patterns of H. tuna were observed among these reefs. SPREAD was able to closely reproduce these variations, and indicate the potential importance of light and nutrient variations in producing these patterns. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.016","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Yniguez, A., McManus, J., and DeAngelis, D., 2008, Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna: Ecological Modelling, v. 216, no. 1, p. 60-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.016.","startPage":"60","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.016"}],"volume":"216","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687777","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yniguez, A.T.","contributorId":93611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yniguez","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, J.W.","contributorId":61552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000031,"text":"70000031 - 2008 - Hydrologic models of modern and fossil geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Genetic implications for epithermal Au-Ag and Carlin-type gold deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000031","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic models of modern and fossil geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Genetic implications for epithermal Au-Ag and Carlin-type gold deposits","docAbstract":"The Great Basin region in the western United States contains active geothermal systems, large epithermal Au-Ag deposits, and world-class Carlin-type gold deposits. Temperature profiles, fluid inclusion studies, and isotopic evidence suggest that modern and fossil hydrothermal systems associated with gold mineralization share many common features, including the absence of a clear magmatic fluid source, discharge areas restricted to fault zones, and remarkably high temperatures (>200 ??C) at shallow depths (200-1500 m). While the plumbing of these systems varies, geochemical and isotopic data collected at the Dixie Valley and Beowawe geothermal systems suggest that fluid circulation along fault zones was relatively deep (>5 km) and comprised of relatively unexchanged Pleistocene meteoric water with small (<2.5%) shifts from the meteoric water line (MWL). Many fossil ore-forming systems were also dominated by meteoric water, but usually exhibit ??18O fluid-rock interactions with larger shifts of 5???-20??? from the MWL. Here we present a suite of two-dimensional regional (100 km) and local (40-50 km) scale hydrologic models that we have used to study the plumbing of modern and Tertiary hydrothermal systems of the Great Basin. Geologically and geophysically consistent cross sections were used to generate somewhat idealized hydrogeologic models for these systems that include the most important faults, aquifers, and confining units in their approximate configurations. Multiple constraints were used, including enthalpy, ??18O, silica compositions of fluids and/or rocks, groundwater residence times, fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures, and apatite fission track anomalies. Our results suggest that these hydrothermal systems were driven by natural thermal convection along anisotropic, subvertical faults connected in many cases at depth by permeable aquifers within favorable lithostratigraphic horizons. Those with minimal fluid ?? 18O shifts are restricted to high-permeability fault zones and relatively small-scale (???5 km), single-pass flow systems (e.g., Beowawe). Those with intermediate to large isotopic shifts (e.g., epithermal and Carlin-type Au) had larger-scale (???15 km) loop convection cells with a greater component of flow through marine sedimentary rocks at lower water/rock ratios and greater endowments of gold. Enthalpy calculations constrain the duration of Carlin-type gold systems to probably <200 k.y. Shallow heat flow gradients and fluid silica concentrations suggest that the duration of the modern Beowawe system is <5 k.y. However, fluid flow at Beowawe during the Quaternary must have been episodic with a net duration of ???200 k.y. to account for the amount of silica in the sinter deposits. In the Carlin trend, fluid circulation extended down into Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks, which afforded more mixing with isotopically enriched higher enthalpy fluids. Computed fission track ages along the Carlin trend included the convective effects, and ranged between 91.6 and 35.3 Ma. Older fission track ages occurred in zones of groundwater recharge, and the younger ages occurred in discharge areas. This is largely consistent with fission track ages reported in recent studies. We found that either an amagmatic system with more permeable faults (10-11 m2) or a magmatic system with less permeable faults (10-13 m2) could account for the published isotopic and thermal data along the Carlin trend systems. Localized high heat flow beneath the Muleshoe fault was needed to match fl uid inclusion temperatures at Mule Canyon. However, both magmatic and amagmatic scenarios require the existence of deep, permeable faults to bring hot fluids to the near surface. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00150.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Person, M., Banerjee, A., Hofstra, A., Sweetkind, D., and Gao, Y., 2008, Hydrologic models of modern and fossil geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Genetic implications for epithermal Au-Ag and Carlin-type gold deposits: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 5, p. 888-917, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00150.1.","startPage":"888","endPage":"917","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487109,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00150.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00150.1"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686266","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, M.","contributorId":20876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banerjee, A.","contributorId":26411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banerjee","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":43084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetkind, D.","contributorId":83645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gao, Y.","contributorId":82437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000290,"text":"70000290 - 2008 - Structure of the eastern Seattle fault zone, Washington state: New insights from seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000290","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the eastern Seattle fault zone, Washington state: New insights from seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"We identify and characterize the active Seattle fault zone (SFZ) east of Lake Washington with newly acquired seismic reflection data. Our results focus on structures observed in the upper 1 km below the cities of Bellevue, Sammamish, Newcastle, and Fall City, Washington. The SFZ appears as a broad zone of faulting and folding at the southern boundary of the Seattle basin and north edge of the Seattle uplift. We interpret the Seattle fault as a thrust fault that accommodates north-south shortening by forming a fault-propagation fold with a forelimb breakthrough. The blind tip of the main fault forms a synclinal growth fold (deformation front) that extends at least 8 km east of Vasa Park (west side of Lake Sammamish) and defines the south edge of the Seattle basin. South of the deformation front is the forelimb break-through fault, which was exposed in a trench at Vasa Park. The Newcastle Hills anticline, a broad anticline forming the north part of the Seattle uplift east of Lake Washington, is interpreted to lie between the main blind strand of the Seattle fault and a backthrust. Our profiles, on the northern limb of this anticline, consistently image north-dipping strata. A structural model for the SFZ east of Lake Washington is consistent with about 8 km of slip on the upper part of the Seattle fault, but the amount of motion is only loosely constrained.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070145","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Liberty, L., and Pratt, T.L., 2008, Structure of the eastern Seattle fault zone, Washington state: New insights from seismic reflection data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 1681-1695, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070145.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1695","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070145"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liberty, L.M.","contributorId":58749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liberty","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000202,"text":"70000202 - 2008 - Precipitation rates and atmospheric heat transport during the Cenomanian greenhouse warming in North America: Estimates from a stable isotope mass-balance model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000202","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation rates and atmospheric heat transport during the Cenomanian greenhouse warming in North America: Estimates from a stable isotope mass-balance model","docAbstract":"Stable isotope mass-balance modeling results of meteoric ??18O values from the Cenomanian Stage of the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin (KWIB) suggest that precipitation and evaporation fluxes were greater than that of the present and significantly different from simulations of Albian KWIB paleohydrology. Sphaerosiderite meteoric ??18O values have been compiled from the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation of southwestern Mississippi (25??N paleolatitude), The Dakota Formation Rose Creek Pit, Fairbury Nebraska (35??N) and the Dunvegan Formation of eastern British Columbia (55??N paleolatitude). These paleosol siderite ??18O values define a paleolatitudinal gradient ranging from - 4.2??? VPDB at 25??N to - 12.5??? VPDB at 55??N. This trend is significantly steeper and more depleted than a modern theoretical siderite gradient (25??N: - 1.7???; 65??N: - 5.6??? VPDB ), and a Holocene meteoric calcite trend (27??N: - 3.6???; 67??N: - 7.4??? VPDB). The Cenomanian gradient is also comparatively steeper than the Albian trend determined for the KWIB in the mid- to high latitudes. The steep latitudinal trend in meteoric ??18O values may be the result of increased precipitation and evaporation fluxes (amount effects) under a more vigorous greenhouse-world hydrologic cycle. A stable-isotope mass-balance model has been used to generate estimates of precipitation and evaporation fluxes and precipitation rates. Estimates of Cenomanian precipitation rates based upon the mass-balance modeling of the KWIB range from 1400??mm/yr at 25??N paleolatitude to 3600??mm/yr at 45??N paleolatitude. The precipitation-evaporation (P-E) flux values were used to delineate zones of moisture surplus and moisture deficit. Comparisons between Cenomanian P-E and modern theoretical siderite, and Holocene calcite latitudinal trends shows an amplification of low-latitude moisture deficits between 5-25??N paleolatitude and moisture surpluses between 40-60??N paleolatitude. The low-latitude moisture deficits correlate with a mean annual average heat loss of 48??W/m2 at 10??N paleolatitude (present, 8??W/m2 at 15??N). The increased precipitation flux and moisture surplus in the mid-latitudes corresponds to a mean average annual heat gain of 180??W/m2 at 50??N paleolatitude (present, 17??W/m2 at 50??N). The Cenomanian low-latitude moisture deficit is similar to that of the Albian, however the mid-latitude (40-60??N) precipitation flux values and precipitation rates are significantly higher (Albian: 2200??mm/yr at 45??N; Cenomanian: 3600??mm/yr at 45??N). Furthermore, the heat transferred to the atmosphere via latent heat of condensation was approximately 10.6?? that of the present at 50??N. The intensified hydrologic cycle of the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse warming may have played a significant role in the poleward transfer of heat and more equable global conditions. Paleoclimatological reconstructions from multiple time periods during the mid-Cretaceous will aid in a better understanding of the dynamics of the hydrologic cycle and latent heat flux during greenhouse world conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.033","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Ludvigson, G.A., Gonzalez, L., and Grocke, D., 2008, Precipitation rates and atmospheric heat transport during the Cenomanian greenhouse warming in North America: Estimates from a stable isotope mass-balance model: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 266, no. 1-2, p. 28-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.033.","startPage":"28","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476481,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/8467","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.033"}],"volume":"266","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68072e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, L.","contributorId":21670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grocke, D.R.","contributorId":32274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grocke","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000217,"text":"70000217 - 2008 - Pre-1991 sulfur transfer between mafic injections and dacite magma in the Mt. Pinatubo reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T09:08:38","indexId":"70000217","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-1991 sulfur transfer between mafic injections and dacite magma in the Mt. Pinatubo reservoir","docAbstract":"Before the 1991–1992 activity, a large andesite lava dome belonging to the penultimate Pinatubo eruptive period (Buag ∼ 500 BP) formed the volcano summit. Buag porphyritic andesite contains abundant amphibole-bearing microgranular enclaves of basaltic–andesite composition. Buag enclaves have lower K2O and incompatible trace element (LREE, U, Th) contents than mafic pulses injected in the Pinatubo reservoir during the 1991–1992 eruptive cycle. This study shows that Buag andesite formed by mingling of a hot, water-poor and reduced mafic magma with cold, hydrous and oxidized dacite. Depending on their size, enclaves experienced variable re-equilibration during mixing/mingling. Re-equilibration resulted in hydration, oxidation and transfer of mobile elements (LILE, Cu) from the dacite to the mafic melts and prompted massive amphibole crystallization. In Buag enclaves, S-bearing phases (sulfides, apatite) and melt inclusions in amphibole and plagioclase record the evolution of sulfur partition among melt, crystal and fluid phases during magma cooling and oxidation. At high temperature, sulfur is partitioned between andesitic melt and sulfides (Ni-pyrrhotite). Magma cooling, oxidation and hydration resulted in exsolution of a S–Cl–H2O vapor phase at the S-solubility minimum near the sulfide–sulfate redox boundary. Primary magmatic sulfide (pyrrhotite) and xenocrystic sulfide grains (pyrite), recycled together with olivines and pyroxenes from old mafic intrusives, were replaced by Cu-rich phases (chalcopyrite, cubanite) and, partially, by Ba–Sr sulfate. Sulfides degassed and transformed into residual spongy magnetite in response to fS2 drop during final magma ascent and decompression. Our research suggests that a complete evaluation of the sulfur budget at Pinatubo must take into account the en route S assimilation from the country rocks. Moreover, this study shows that the efficiency of sulfur transfer between mafic recharges and injected magmas is controlled by the extent and rate of mingling, hydrous flushing and melt oxidation. Vigorous mixing/mingling and transformation of the magmatic recharge into a spray of small enclaves is required in order to efficiently strip their primary S-content that otherwise remains locked in the sulfides. Hydrous flushing increases the magma oxidation state of the recharges and modifies their primary volatile concentrations that cannot be recovered by the study of late-formed mineral phases and melt inclusions. Conversely, S stored in both late-formed Cu-rich sulfides and interstitial rhyolitic melt represents the pre-eruptive sulfur budget immediately available for release from mafic enclaves during their decompression.