{"pageNumber":"881","pageRowStart":"22000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68935,"records":[{"id":70184374,"text":"70184374 - 2008 - Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T19:02:57","indexId":"70184374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real-time water-level monitoring gages and modeling methods that provides scientists and managers with current (2000–present) online water surface and water depth information for the freshwater domain of the Greater Everglades. This integrated system presents data on a 400-m square grid to assist in (1) large-scale field operations; (2) integration of hydrologic and ecologic responses; (3) supporting biological and ecological assessment of the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP); and (4) assessing trophic-level responses to hydrodynamic changes in the Everglades.</p><p id=\"\">This paper investigates the radial basis function multiquadric method of interpolation to obtain a continuous freshwater surface across the entire Everglades using radio-transmitted data from a network of water-level gages managed by the US Geological Survey (USGS), the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), and the Everglades National Park (ENP). Since the hydrological connection is interrupted by canals and levees across the study area, boundary conditions were simulated by linearly interpolating along those features and integrating the results together with the data from marsh stations to obtain a continuous water surface through multiquadric interpolation. The absolute cross-validation errors greater than 5&nbsp;cm correlate well with the local outliers and the minimum distance between the closest stations within 2000-m radius, but seem to be independent of vegetation or season.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2007.08.004","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu, M., and Pearlstine, L., 2008, Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 7, p. 815-826, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.08.004.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"826","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ce4b014cc3a3d34a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palaseanu, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":91028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu","given":"Monica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearlstine, Leonard","contributorId":79174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184383,"text":"70184383 - 2008 - Bacteriophage in polar inland waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T11:50:39","indexId":"70184383","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1615,"text":"Extremophiles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacteriophage in polar inland waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bacteriophages are found wherever microbial life is present and play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems. They mediate microbial abundance, production, respiration, diversity, genetic transfer, nutrient cycling and particle size distribution. Most studies of bacteriophage ecology have been undertaken at temperate latitudes. Data on bacteriophages in polar inland waters are scant but the indications are that they play an active and dynamic role in these microbially dominated polar ecosystems. This review summarises what is presently known about polar inland bacteriophages, ranging from subglacial Antarctic lakes to glacial ecosystems in the Arctic. The review examines interactions between bacteriophages and their hosts and the abiotic and biotic variables that influence these interactions in polar inland waters. In addition, we consider the proportion of the bacteria in Arctic and Antarctic lake and glacial waters that are lysogenic and visibly infected with viruses. We assess the relevance of bacteriophages in the microbial loop in the extreme environments of Antarctic and Arctic inland waters with an emphasis on carbon cycling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00792-007-0134-6","usgsCitation":"Sawstrom, C., Lisle, J., Anesio, A., Priscu, J.C., and Laybourn-Parry, J., 2008, Bacteriophage in polar inland waters: Extremophiles, v. 12, no. 2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-007-0134-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Bacteriophage_in_polar_inland_waters/22867211","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263be4b014cc3a3d349c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawstrom, Christin","contributorId":187669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawstrom","given":"Christin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisle, John","contributorId":27344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anesio, A.M.","contributorId":34319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anesio","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Priscu, John C.","contributorId":140710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Priscu","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laybourn-Parry, J.","contributorId":46715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laybourn-Parry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70184384,"text":"70184384 - 2008 - Corals as bioindicators of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T11:58:21","indexId":"70184384","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1527,"text":"Environmental Bioindicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corals as bioindicators of climate change","docAbstract":"<p>Potential effects of climate change and ocean acidification have energized much discussion among coral scientists, especially biologists. Will corals go extinct, lose their skeletons, or migrate pole-ward to cooler waters? No one knows, but some simple experiments, recent observations, and recent studies may shed some light on these questions. Above all they show the need for collaboration among biologists and geologists.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15555270802529913","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., 2008, Corals as bioindicators of climate change: Environmental Bioindicators, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 149-152, https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802529913.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263be4b014cc3a3d349a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":6883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179506,"text":"70179506 - 2008 - Recovering endemic plants of the Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:05:09","indexId":"70179506","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1496,"text":"Endangered Species Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovering endemic plants of the Channel Islands","docAbstract":"<p>At the California Channel Islands, off the state’s southern coast, cold waters from the north mix with warmer waters from the south. Each of the eight Channel Islands, which were never connected to the mainland, developed unique floras as colonizing plants adapted to their new island homes. This part of California is one of only five Mediterranean climate regions in the world, characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Thus, the islands support a truly unusual assemblage of plants and animals found nowhere else. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., 2008, Recovering endemic plants of the Channel Islands: Endangered Species Bulletin, v. 33, no. 4, p. 40-43.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/endangered/news/pdf/2008_highlights.pdf"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e182ce4b0f5ce109fcb05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn 0000-0003-2631-8247 kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8247","contributorId":146324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184387,"text":"70184387 - 2008 - A new towed platform for the unobtrusive surveying of benthic habitats and organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T09:39:41","indexId":"70184387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3290,"text":"Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2215-2075","printIssn":"0034-7744","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new towed platform for the unobtrusive surveying of benthic habitats and organisms","docAbstract":"<p>Maps of coral ecosystems are needed to support many conservation and management objectives, as well as research activities. Examples include ground-truthing aerial and satellite imagery, characterizing essential habitat, assessing changes, and monitoring the progress of restoration efforts. To address some of these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Along-Track Reef-Imaging System (ATRIS), a boat-based sensor package for mapping shallow-water benthic environments. ATRIS consists of a digital still camera, a video camera, and an acoustic depth sounder affixed to a moveable pole. This design, however, restricts its deployment to clear waters less than 10 m deep. To overcome this limitation, a towed version has been developed, referred to as Deep ATRIS. The system is based on a light-weight, computer-controlled, towed vehicle that is capable of following a programmed diving profile. The vehicle is 1.3 m long with a 63-cm wing span and can carry a wide variety of research instruments, including CTDs, fluorometers, transmissometers, and cameras. Deep ATRIS is currently equipped with a high-speed (20 frames · s-1) digital camera, custom-built light-emitting-diode lights, a compass, a 3-axis orientation sensor, and a nadir-looking altimeter. The vehicle dynamically adjusts its altitude to maintain a fixed height above the seafloor. The camera has a 29° x 22° field-of-view and captures color images that are 1360 x 1024 pixels in size. GPS coordinates are recorded for each image. A gigabit ethernet connection enables the images to be displayed and archived in real time on the surface computer. Deep ATRIS has a maximum tow speed of 2.6 m · s-1and a theoretical operating tow-depth limit of 27 m. With an improved tow cable, the operating depth can be extended to 90 m. Here, we present results from the initial sea trials in the Gulf of Mexico and Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, and discuss the utility of Deep ATRIS for map-ping coral reef habitats. Several example mosaics illustrate the high-quality imagery that can be obtained with this system. The images also reveal the potential for unobtrusive animal observations; fish and sea turtles are unperturbed by the presence of Deep ATRIS</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad de Costa Rica","publisherLocation":"San José, Costa Rica","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v56i0.5577","usgsCitation":"Zawada, D., Thompson, P., and Butcher, J., 2008, A new towed platform for the unobtrusive surveying of benthic habitats and organisms: Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, v. 56, no. Supplement 1, p. 51-63, https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i0.5577.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i0.5577","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park, Gulf of Mexico","volume":"56","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263be4b014cc3a3d3498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, P.R.","contributorId":101369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butcher, J.","contributorId":94416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189929,"text":"70189929 - 2008 - Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-01T16:06:06","indexId":"70189929","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":736,"text":"American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","docAbstract":"A monthly snow accumulation and melt model was used with monthly Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) for 1900 through 2008 in the western United States. Averaged across the western United States, SWE generally was higher than long-term (1900–2008) average conditions during the periods 1900–25, 1944–55, and 1966–82; SWE was lower than long-term average conditions during the periods 1926–43, 1957–65, and 1984–2008. During the period 1900–2008, the temporal pattern in winter precipitation exhibited wetter-than-average and drier-than-average decadal-scale periods with no long-term increasing or decreasing trend. Winter temperature generally was below average from 1900 to the mid-1950s, close to average from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, and above average from the mid-1980s to 2008. In general, periods of higher-than-average SWE have been associated with higher precipitation and lower temperature. Since about 1980, western U.S. winter temperatures have been consistently higher than long-term average values, and the resultant lower-than-average SWE values have been only partially offset by periods of higher-than-average precipitation. The post-1980 lower-than-average SWE conditions in the western United States are unprecedented within the context of twentieth-century climate and estimated SWE.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2009EI283.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2008, Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability: American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 13,  13-012; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009EI283.1.","productDescription":" 13-012; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-010684","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2009ei283.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.9580078125,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.8212890625,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.8212890625,\n              49.83798245308484\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.9580078125,\n              49.83798245308484\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.9580078125,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819318e4b0e2f5d463b7bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185926,"text":"70185926 - 2008 - Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T08:57:17","indexId":"70185926","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Introduced exotic species are a well-recognized problem in Florida's subtropical ecosystems. The presence of the exotic Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) was first confirmed in Florida in 1983, when numerous individuals were found in the northeastern Florida Bay. Since then, this species has continued to expand its range northward. The capture, beginning in October 2004 to present, of large numbers of Mayan cichlids from central Florida's east- and west-coast mangrove systems north of&nbsp;28°N latitude is documented here. Mayan cichlids in a wide range of sizes (estimated ages 0-7 years) at both east- and west-coast sites were collected. In addition, macroscopic examination of gonads showed the presence of developing eggs. The occurrence of multiple age-classes, maturing individuals, cichlid nests, and juveniles, plus repeated collections over a four-year period, indicates that the Mayan cichlid is successfully reproducing and surviving the average winter temperatures in some estuarine waters in central Florida.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Paperno, R., Ruiz-Carus, R., Krebs, J., and McIvor, C., 2008, Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida: Florida Scientist, v. 71, no. 4, p. 293-304.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"304","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24321474"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.7764892578125,\n              28.105903469076186\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5902099609375,\n              28.188243641850313\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              28.73394733840369\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.221923828125,\n              29.897805610155874\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3812255859375,\n              30.38709188778112\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              30.704058230919504\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.990966796875,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.034912109375,\n              30.4297295750316\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2216796875,\n              30.590637026892917\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.8583984375,\n              30.798474179567823\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              31.043521630684204\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              31.024694128525137\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42919921875,\n              30.278044377800153\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.572265625,\n              30.363396239603716\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5615234375,\n              29.92637417863576\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40771484375,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.57275390625,\n              29.783449456820605\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.22119140625,\n              29.945415337104453\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.78173828125,\n              29.897805610155874\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              28.9120147012556\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.81494140625,\n              28.401064827220896\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7764892578125,\n              28.105903469076186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d6e4b02ff32c68567b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paperno, R.","contributorId":190066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paperno","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz-Carus, R.","contributorId":190069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Carus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krebs, J.M.","contributorId":6258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krebs","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIvor, C.C.","contributorId":38104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184309,"text":"70184309 - 2008 - Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T10:55:02","indexId":"70184309","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2426,"text":"Journal of Physical Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf","docAbstract":"<p>Onshore volume transport (Stokes drift) due to surface gravity waves propagating toward the beach can result in a compensating Eulerian offshore flow in the surf zone referred to as undertow. Observed offshore flows indicate that wave-driven undertow extends well offshore of the surf zone, over the inner shelves of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. Theoretical estimates of the wave-driven offshore transport from linear wave theory and observed wave characteristics account for 50% or more of the observed offshore transport variance in water depths between 5 and 12 m, and reproduce the observed dependence on wave height and water depth.</p><p>During weak winds, wave-driven cross-shelf velocity profiles over the inner shelf have maximum offshore flow (1–6 cm s<sup>−1</sup>) and vertical shear near the surface and weak flow and shear in the lower half of the water column. The observed offshore flow profiles do not resemble the parabolic profiles with maximum flow at middepth observed within the surf zone. Instead, the vertical structure is similar to the Stokes drift velocity profile but with the opposite direction. This vertical structure is consistent with a dynamical balance between the Coriolis force associated with the offshore flow and an along-shelf “Hasselmann wave stress” due to the influence of the earth’s rotation on surface gravity waves. The close agreement between the observed and modeled profiles provides compelling evidence for the importance of the Hasselmann wave stress in forcing oceanic flows. Summer profiles are more vertically sheared than either winter profiles or model profiles, for reasons that remain unclear.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2008JPO3986.1","usgsCitation":"Lentz, S.J., Fewings, M., Howd, P., Fredericks, J., and Hathaway, K., 2008, Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 38, p. 2341-2357, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3986.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"2357","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3986.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Martha's Vineyard","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lentz, Steven J.","contributorId":41687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lentz","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fewings, Melanie","contributorId":187567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fewings","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howd, Peter","contributorId":47310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fredericks, Janet","contributorId":187568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hathaway, Kent","contributorId":187569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97179,"text":"sir20085176 - 2008 - Total mercury and methylmercury in Indiana streams, August 2004-September 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T21:17:52.483306","indexId":"sir20085176","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5176","title":"Total mercury and methylmercury in Indiana streams, August 2004-September 2006","docAbstract":"Total mercury and methylmercury were determined by use of low (subnanogram per liter) level analytical methods in 225 representative water samples collected following ultraclean protocols at 25 Indiana monitoring stations in a statewide network, on a seasonal schedule, August 2004-September 2006. The highest unfiltered total mercury concentrations were at six monitoring stations - five that are downstream from urban and industrial wastewater discharges and that have upstream drainage areas more than 1,960 square miles and one that is downstream from active and abandoned mine lands and that has an upstream drainage area of 602 square miles.\r\n\r\nTotal mercury concentrations in unfiltered samples ranged from 0.24 to 26.9 nanograms per liter (ng/L), with a median of 2.35 ng/L. The highest concentrations of total mercury, those in the 90th percentile and above, were more than 9.05 ng/L, and most were in samples collected during winter and spring 2006 during changing streamflow hydrograph conditions. Seasonal medians for unfiltered total mercury were highest during winter and spring. Instantaneous streamflow and turbidity at the time of sample collection also were highest in winter and spring and potentially indicate conditions for the most particulate mercury transport.\r\n\r\nSamples with the highest total mercury concentrations were from water that had the highest turbidity at the time of sample collection. Unfiltered total mercury concentrations were significantly lower in samples collected at five stations downstream from dams. Values for particulate total mercury and streamflow also were significantly lower at these five stations.\r\n\r\nTotal mercury concentrations equaled or exceeded the 2007 Indiana chronic aquatic criterion of 12 ng/L in 5.8 percent of samples and at 10 monitoring stations. Most of the total mercury in these 13 samples was estimated to be particulate. Most of the samples with mercury concentrations that equaled or exceeded the 12 ng/L criterion were collected during winter and spring 2006 during changing streamflow hydrograph conditions and in streamflow that was high for 2004-2006.\r\n\r\nMethylmercury was detected in 83 percent of unfiltered samples; reported concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.57 ng/L, with a median of 0.09 ng/L. The highest concentrations of methylmercury, those in the 90th percentile and above, were more than 0.25 ng/L, and most were in samples collected during spring and summer. Methylation efficiency in most samples was less than 5.8 percent, but was as much as 24.6 percent. Seasonal medians for methylmercury were highest during spring and summer. Seasonal medians for water temperatures at the time of sample collection were highest during these seasons and potentially indicate conditions for the most formation of methylmercury. The low streamflow statistical category had the significantly highest methylation efficiency.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Ulberg, A.L., and Risch, M.R., 2008, Total mercury and methylmercury in Indiana streams, August 2004-September 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5176, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085176.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2004-08-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5176.jpg"},{"id":410647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":70236316,"text":"70236316 - 2008 - Linking soil organic matter dynamics and erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration at different landform positions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T16:03:49.25587","indexId":"70236316","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-27T10:57:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7359,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking soil organic matter dynamics and erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration at different landform positions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recently, the potential for terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration by soil erosion and deposition has received increased interest. Erosion and deposition constitute a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide relative to a preerosional state or a noneroding scenario, if the posterosion watershed C balance is increased due to (1) partial replacement of eroded C by new photosynthate in the eroded site; and (2) preservation from decomposition of at least some eroded soil organic carbon (SOC) arriving in depositional settings. Little is known, however, about differences in C dynamics at different erosional and depositional landform positions within the same eroding system. We determined the contribution of different landform positions to erosion-induced terrestrial C sequestration by measuring rates of net primary productivity (NPP), replacement of eroded C, and decomposition of organic matter (OM) at four categorically different landform positions within a naturally eroding toposequence in northern California. We found that eroded C is replaced by NPP 15 times over in the summit of the site studied and 5 times over in the slope. Profile-averaged, long-term rate constant for SOM decomposition was 2 to 14 times slower in the depositional settings compared with that in eroding slopes. As a result, the inventory of C in the depositional settings was 2 to 3 times larger than that of the eroding positions. Owing to both C replacement at eroding sites and reduced rates of OM decomposition in depositional sites, soil erosion constitutes a C sink from the atmosphere at our study site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000751","usgsCitation":"Asefaw Berhe, A., Harden, J.W., Torn, M.S., and Harte, J., 2008, Linking soil organic matter dynamics and erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration at different landform positions: Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, v. 113, no. 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,{"id":97177,"text":"ofr20071249 - 2008 - Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr20071249","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1249","title":"Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Temporal data from five springs in the Cement Creek watershed, San Juan County, Colorado provide seasonal geochemical data for further research in the formation of ferricretes. In addition, these data can be used to help understand the ground-water flow system. The resulting data demonstrate the difficulty in gathering reliable seasonal data from springs, show the unique geochemistry of each spring due to local geology, and provide seasonal trends in geochemistry for Tiger Iron Spring.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071249","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Wirt, L., and Leib, K.J., 2008, Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1249, Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071249.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-11-13","temporalEnd":"2004-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97178,"text":"sir20085229 - 2008 - Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"sir20085229","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5229","title":"Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition was monitored for ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations and precipitation amounts in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area of northwestern Colorado at Ned Wilson Lake beginning in 1984 to detect changes that might result from future emissions associated with development of oil-shale resources in northwestern Colorado. Renewed monitoring, by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Rio Blanco County, to determine the current status of atmospheric deposition has been ongoing since 2003 at Ned Wilson Lake. Two new monitoring sites were located near Ripple Creek Pass near the Flat Tops Wilderness area and about 12 kilometers north of Ned Wilson Lake because access to the area near Ripple Creek Pass is less difficult and less expensive, particularly in winter and spring. The intent of this study was to establish whether the new deposition data being collected near Ripple Creek Pass, near the northern boundary of the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, would be representative of deposition at sensitive sites within the wilderness such as Ned Wilson Lake and to compare more current (2003 through 2005) deposition data with earlier data (1984 through 1991).\r\n\r\nAt Ned Wilson Lake, bulk ammonium and nitrate concentrations collected from 1984 through 1991 were similar to those from 2003 through 2005. However, in the same comparison significant differences in sulfate concentrations were observed, indicating a decrease consistent with other regional findings for similar periods. Comparison of concentrations of constituents at two bulk-deposition sites located at Ned Wilson Lake (NWLB) and near Ripple Creek Pass (RCPB) showed only one significant difference (p = 0.05) with the winter bulk nitrate concentrations for NWLB significantly lower than winter concentrations from RCPB. Another comparison of concentrations of constituents between the bulk deposition site RCPB and a wet deposition site 100 meters away (RCPW) showed no significant differences for concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate for both the winter and summer comparisons. While results indicate many similarities in concentrations of constituents and in seasonal variability in those concentrations, they are based on a short period of study. Precipitation amounts from RCPB were less than the amounts collected at NWLB, and precipitation amounts from RCPW were less than the amounts collected at RCPB. Although RCPB may not be a perfect replacement site for NWLB, it may be similar enough to represent atmospheric deposition in areas of the Flat Tops Wilderness of northwestern Colorado.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Rio Blanco County, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., Campbell, D.H., and Mast, M.A., 2008, Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5229, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085229.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5229.jpg"},{"id":12162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.25,38.5 ], [ -109.25,40.5 ], [ -107,40.5 ], [ -107,38.5 ], [ -109.25,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97166,"text":"sim3055 - 2008 - Hydrogeologic Framework of Onslow County, North Carolina, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sim3055","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3055","title":"Hydrogeologic Framework of Onslow County, North Carolina, 2008","docAbstract":"The unconsolidated sediments that underlie the Onslow County area are composed of interlayered permeable and impermeable beds, which overlie the crystalline basement rocks. The aquifers, composed mostly of sand and limestone, are separated by confining units composed mostly of clay and silt. The aquifers from top to bottom are the surficial, Castle Hayne, Beaufort, Peedee, Black Creek, and Upper and Lower Cape Fear aquifers. For this study, the Castle Hayne aquifer is informally divided into the upper and lower Castle Hayne aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe eight aquifers and seven confining units of the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata beneath Onslow County are presented in seven hydrogeologic sections. The hydrogeologic framework was refined from existing interpretations by using geophysical logs, driller's logs, and other available data from 123 wells and boreholes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Jacksonville, Onslow Water and Sewer Authority, and U.S. Marine Corps, Camp Lejeune","usgsCitation":"Fine, J.M., 2008, Hydrogeologic Framework of Onslow County, North Carolina, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3055, Map Sheet: 32 x 32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3055.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 32 x 32 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.91666666666667,34.333333333333336 ], [ -77.91666666666667,35.166666666666664 ], [ -77,35.166666666666664 ], [ -77,34.333333333333336 ], [ -77.91666666666667,34.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fine, Jason M. 0000-0002-6386-256X jmfine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-256X","contributorId":2238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fine","given":"Jason","email":"jmfine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97175,"text":"ofr20081277 - 2008 - Environmental settings of selected streams sampled for mercury in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T18:42:45.601883","indexId":"ofr20081277","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1277","title":"Environmental settings of selected streams sampled for mercury in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06","docAbstract":"From 2002 through 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program conducted studies investigating mercury biogeochemistry and food-web bioaccumulation in eight streams from three distinct geographic areas of the United States. These streams varied greatly in environmental characteristics, including land-cover, hydrologic, climatic, and chemical characteristics. They ranged from a clear-water, high-gradient, low-percentage wetland stream in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, to an urban stream near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to a low-gradient, blackwater stream draining the Okefenokee and Pinhook Swamps along the Georgia-Florida border. This report summarizes the environmental settings of these eight streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081277","usgsCitation":"Bell, A.H., and Lutz, M., 2008, Environmental settings of selected streams sampled for mercury in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1277, x, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081277.","productDescription":"x, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416519,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60250f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97172,"text":"sir20085054 - 2008 - Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20085054","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5054","title":"Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","docAbstract":"As part of a collaborative study of the cumulative impacts on stream and riparian ecology of water and channel management practices in the lower Platte River, Nebraska, this report describes a study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District that summarizes: (1) temporal differences in distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitats among five discrete 11-water-year periods 1934-44, 1951-61, 1966-76, 1985-95, and 1996-2006, and (2) the effects of bridge proximity on distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitat of the Platte River when cross sections were measured at a similar discharge. The scope of the study included the four presently (2008) active streamflow-gaging stations located near bridges over the lower Platte River at North Bend, near Leshara, near Ashland, and at Louisville, Nebraska, and the most downstream streamflow-gaging station within the central Platte River segment near Duncan, Nebraska.\r\n\r\nGenerally, in cases where temporal differences in streamflow depth and velocity were evident, at least one of the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had deeper streamflow than the recent water-year period (1996-2006). Temporal differences in distributions of streamflow depth were not strongly associated with differences in either climatic conditions or the maximum peak flow that occurred prior to the latest discharge measurement during each period. The relative cross-sectional area of most hydraulic niches did not differ among the water-year periods. Part of this apparent uniformity likely was an artifact of the broad microhabitat classification used for this study. In cases where temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area of hydraulic niches were evidenced, the differences occurred during high- and low-flow conditions, not during median flow conditions. The temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area were found more frequently for hydraulic niches defined by moderate and fast velocities than for hydraulic niches defined by slow velocities. Generally, any significant increase or decrease in the relative cross-sectional areas of hydraulic niches during the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had disappeared during the most recent water-year period, 1996-2006.\r\n\r\nDeep-Swift niche was the predominant hydraulic niche for all near-bridge sites on the lower Platte River for high- and median-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift niche also was the predominant niche for the near-bridge sites near Ashland and at Louisville for low-flow conditions; for the near-bridge sites at North Bend and near Leshara, streamflow cross-sectional areas during low-flow conditions were shared among the Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, Intermediate-Swift, and Deep-Swift hydraulic niches. For the near-bridge site near Duncan, the site farthest downstream in the central Platte River system, the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche was predominant only during high-flow conditions; during median- and low-flow conditions the relative cross-sectional area was shared among the Shallow-Slow, Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, and Intermediate-Swift hydraulic niches.\r\n\r\nSignificant temporal differences in the relative cross-sectional area of the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche were found for sites near the two farthest downstream bridges near Ashland and at Louisville, but only for low-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift microhabitat was of special interest because it is the preferred hydraulic habitat during the adult life of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Temporal differences in relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide low-flow geomorphic microhabitat that contained the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche also indicated that relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide during the 1951-61 and 1996-2006 water-year periods were lower than during the 1966-76 period. The temporal differences indicated that any significant temporal chang","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Ginting, D., and Zelt, R.B., 2008, Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5054, Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085054.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1934-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5054.jpg"},{"id":12157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginting, Daniel","contributorId":77257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginting","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97169,"text":"sir20085216 - 2008 - Estimated use of water in South Dakota, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:18:07","indexId":"sir20085216","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5216","title":"Estimated use of water in South Dakota, 2005","docAbstract":"During 2005, withdrawals from ground-water and surface-water sources in South Dakota for the eight categories of offstream use totaled about 500 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Of total withdrawals, about 271 Mgal/d was withdrawn from ground water and about 230 Mgal/d was withdrawn from surface water. The largest use of water in South Dakota during 2005 was irrigation, which accounted for about 58 percent of the total water withdrawn, followed by public supply, which accounted for about 20 percent of withdrawals.\r\n\r\nPublic-supply systems served about 666,210 people, or about 86 percent of South Dakota's population in 2005. Public-supply systems withdrew about 100 Mgal/d in 2005. Ground-water withdrawals accounted for about 66 percent of the total withdrawals (66 Mgal/d), and surface-water withdrawals accounted for about 34 percent of total withdrawals (35 Mgal/d). Total public-supply withdrawals averaged about 151 gallons per day (gal/d) per capita. About 65 percent of the public-supply water was used for domestic purposes, and the average per capita domestic use was 99 gal/d.\r\n\r\nSelf-supplied domestic withdrawals were about 8 Mgal/d, all of which was from ground water. About 109,750 people obtained household water from private wells in 2005, and per capita use was about 70 gal/d.\r\n\r\nIndustrial self-supplied water use during 2005 was about 4 Mgal/d, of which about 98 percent was from ground water and about 2 percent was from surface water. Total withdrawals for thermoelectric use were about 5 Mgal/d, of which about 1 Mgal/d was from ground water and about 4 Mgal/d was from surface water. Total mining water use was about 10 Mgal/d, of which about 5 Mgal/d came from ground water and about 6 Mgal/d came from surface water. Total livestock water use was about 48 Mgal/d, of which about 19 Mgal/d came from ground water and about 28 Mgal/d came from surface water. Total aquaculture use was about 33 Mgal/d, of which about 19 Mgal/d came from ground water and about 14 Mgal/d came from surface water.\r\n\r\nIrrigation withdrawals during 2005 totaled about 292 Mgal/d, of which about 149 Mgal/d was from ground-water sources and about 143 Mgal/d was from surface-water sources. An estimated 421,830 acres was irrigated during 2005. Of the total acres irrigated, 298,160 acres was irrigated by sprinkler application and 123,670 acres was irrigated by surface (or flood) application.\r\n\r\nThe only instream use reported for South Dakota was for hydroelectric power generation. During 2005, about 68,400 Mgal/d was used by the hydroelectric powerplants to generate about 3,688 gigawatt-hours of electricity.\r\n\r\nTotal water use in South Dakota decreased by about 25 percent (175 Mgal/d) between 1985 and 2005 despite an increase in the State's population of about 70,000 people. Total ground-water use increased slightly (about 21 Mgal/d) between 1985 and 2005, whereas surface-water use decreased by about 195 Mgal/d. The decreases in both total use and surface-water use are mostly attributable to decreases in irrigation water use. Total irrigation water use decreased by about 168 Mgal/d between 1985 and 2005, and surface-water irrigation use decreased by about 204 Mgal/d. Ground-water irrigation use increased by about 36 Mgal/d between 1985 and 2005.\r\n\r\nWater use for public supply increased about 20 Mgal/d between 1985 and 2005, and the population served by public suppliers increased by about 118,000 people. In contrast, the number of people relying on private wells for domestic use decreased by about 48,000 between 1985 and 2005. All self-supplied domestic water use in 2005 was supplied by ground water. Total domestic use decreased about 8 Mgal/d between 1985 and 2005.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085216","isbn":"9781411323216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Agriculture and the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.M., and Neitzert, K.M., 2008, Estimated use of water in South Dakota, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5216, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085216.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12154,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105,42 ], [ -105,46 ], [ -96,46 ], [ -96,42 ], [ -105,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neitzert, Kathleen M. kmneitze@usgs.gov","contributorId":1833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neitzert","given":"Kathleen","email":"kmneitze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97167,"text":"sir20085188 - 2008 - State and regional water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T12:44:33","indexId":"sir20085188","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5188","title":"State and regional water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality are jointly monitoring selected water-quality constituents of inland lakes through 2015 as part of Michigan’s Lake Water Quality Assessment program. During 2001–2005, 433 lake basins from 364 inland lakes were monitored for baseline water-quality conditions and trophic status. This report summarizes the water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of those monitored lake basins throughout the State. </p><p>Regional variation of water quality in lake basins was examined by grouping on the basis of the five Omernik level III ecoregions within Michigan. Concentrations of most constituents measured were significantly different between ecoregions. Less regional variation of phosphorus concentrations was noted between Northern Lakes and Forests (50) and North Central Hardwoods (51) ecoregions during summer possibly because water samples were collected when lake productivity was high; hence the utilization of the limited amount of phosphorus by algae and macrophytes may have resulted in the more uniform concentrations between these two ecoregions. </p><p>Concentrations of common ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate) measured in the spring typically were higher in the Michigan southern Lower Peninsula in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains (55), Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains (56), and Huron/Erie Lake Plains (57) ecoregions. Most ions whose concentrations were less than the minimum reporting levels or were nondetectable were from lakes in the Michigan northern Lower Peninsula and the Upper Peninsula in the Northern Lakes and Forests (50) and North Central Hardwoods (51) ecoregions. Chlorophyll a concentrations followed a similar distribution pattern. Measured properties such as pH and specific conductance (indicative of dissolved solids) also showed a regional relation. The lakes with the lowest pH and specific conductance were generally in the western Upper Peninsula (Northern Lakes and Forests (50) ecoregion). </p><p>The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality classifies Michigan lakes on the basis of their primary biological productivity or trophic characteristics using the Carlson Trophic State Index. Trophic evaluations based on data collected from 2001 through 2005 indicate 17 percent of the lakes are oligotrophic, 53 percent are mesotrophic, 22 percent are eutrophic, 4 percent are hypereutrophic, and less than 5 percent are classified into transition classes between each major class. Although the distribution of lakes throughout Michigan or between Omernik level III ecoregions is not uniform, about 85 percent of the lakes classified as oligotrophic are in the Northern Lakes and Forests (50) or North Central Hardwoods (51) ecoregions. Nearly 28 percent of all the lakes in each of these two ecoregions were classified as oligotrophic. </p><p>Historical trophic-state classes were compared to the current (2001 through 2005) trophic-state classes. Approximately 72 percent of lakes remained in the same trophic-state class, 11 percent moved up a partial or full class (indicating a decrease in water clarity) and 18 percent moved down a partial or full class (indicating an increase in water clarity). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085188","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., and Minnerick, R., 2008, State and regional water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5188, iv, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085188.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20085188.jpg"},{"id":12153,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97165,"text":"ds370 - 2008 - Archive of digitized analog boomer seismic reflection data collected from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, to Mobile Bay, Alabama, during cruises onboard the R/V ERDA-1, June and August 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T17:21:11.233452","indexId":"ds370","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"370","title":"Archive of digitized analog boomer seismic reflection data collected from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, to Mobile Bay, Alabama, during cruises onboard the R/V ERDA-1, June and August 1992","docAbstract":"In June and August of 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted geophysical surveys to investigate the shallow geologic framework from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, to Mobile Bay, Alabama. This work was conducted onboard the Argonne National Laboratory's R/V ERDA-1 as part of the Mississippi/Alabama Pollution Project. This report is part of a series to digitally archive the legacy analog data collected from the Mississippi-Alabama SHelf (MASH). The MASH data rescue project is a cooperative effort by the USGS and the Minerals Management Service (MMS).\r\n\r\nA standardized naming convention was established to allow for better management of scanned trackline images within the MASH data rescue project. Each cruise received a unique field activity ID based on the year the data were collected, the first two digits of the survey vessel name, and the number of cruises made (to date) by that vessel that year (i.e. 92ER2 represents the second cruise made by the R/V ERDA-1 in 1992.) The new field activity IDs 92ER2 and 92ER4 presented in this report were originally referred to as ERDA 92-2 and ERDA 92-4 at the USGS in St. Petersburg, FL, and 92010 and 92037 at the USGS in Woods Hole, MA. A table showing the naming convention lineage for cruise IDs in the MASH data rescue series is included as a PDF. This report serves as an archive of high resolution scanned Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images of the original boomer paper records, navigation files, trackline maps, Geographic Information System (GIS) files, cruise logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata for cruises 92ER2 and 92ER4.\r\n\r\nThe boomer system uses an acoustic energy source called a plate, which consists of capacitors charged to a high voltage and discharged through a transducer in the water. The source is towed on a sled, at sea level, and when discharged emits a short acoustic pulse, or shot, which propagates through the water and sediment column. The acoustic energy is reflected at density boundaries (such as the seafloor or sediment layers beneath the seafloor), detected by the hydrophone receiver, and the amplitude of the reflected energy is recorded by an Edward P. Curley Lab (EPC) thermal plotter. This process is repeated at timed intervals (for example, 0.5 s) and recorded for specific intervals of time (for example, 100 ms). The timed intervals are also referred to as the shot interval or fire rate. On analog records, the recorded interval is referred to as the sweep, which is the amount of time the recorder stylus takes to sweep from the top of the record to the bottom of the record, thereby recording the amplitude of the reflected energy of one shot. In this way, consecutive recorded shots produce a two-dimensional (2-D) vertical image of the shallow geologic structure beneath the ship track.\r\n\r\nMany of the geophysical data collected by the USGS prior to the late 1990s were recorded in analog format and stored as paper copies. Scientists onboard made hand-written annotations onto these records to note latitude and longitude, time, line number, course heading, and geographic points of reference. Each paper roll typically contained numerous survey lines and could reach more than 90 ft in length. All rolls are stored at the USGS FISC-St. Petersburg, FL. To preserve the integrity of these records and improve accessibility, analog holdings were converted to digital files.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds370","usgsCitation":"Sanford, J.M., Harrison, A.S., Wiese, D.S., and Flocks, J.G., 2008, Archive of digitized analog boomer seismic reflection data collected from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, to Mobile Bay, Alabama, during cruises onboard the R/V ERDA-1, June and August 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 370, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds370.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-06-01","temporalEnd":"1992-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/370/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.75850476330332,\n              30.630754940045918\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9275318981158,\n              30.630754940045918\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9275318981158,\n              29.717202798386765\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75850476330332,\n              29.717202798386765\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75850476330332,\n              30.630754940045918\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Jordan M.","contributorId":17197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":35021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Arnell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97164,"text":"sir20085150 - 2008 - Evaluation of four structural best management practices for highway runoff in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, 2005–2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T21:47:13.175524","indexId":"sir20085150","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5150","title":"Evaluation of four structural best management practices for highway runoff in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, 2005–2006","docAbstract":"<p>From 2005 to 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey worked cooperatively with the South Carolina Department of Transportation in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, to assess the performance of four different structural devices that served as best management practices (BMPs). These structural devices were installed to mitigate the effects of stormwater runoff on waterways near State roads. The South Carolina Department of Transportation is required to address the quality of stormwater runoff from State-maintained roadways as part of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System stormwater program mandated in the Clean Water Act.</p><p>The performance assessment of the four structural best management practices was based on stormflow measurements and chemical analyses of stormwater-quality samples collected during a 20-month period from March 2005 through October 2006, which represented a range of seasons and rainfall intensities. A total of 49 sample sets that included stormwater from the inlet and outlet of each of the four structural devices were collected as flow-weighted composites to provide event-mean concentrations of suspended sediment, nutrients, and trace metals. In addition, each set included grab samples that were collected to provide the first flush concentrations of oil and grease and fecal-indicator bacteria.</p><p>A tiered statistical approach was used in the data analysis. Performances of the four structural BMPs were assessed individually based on how well the BMPs were able to reduce the selected constituents. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank tests were applied to event-mean concentrations and loads in the water entering the inlet and in the water leaving the outlet of each BMP for each constituent to identify if significant reductions occurred. If significant reductions occurred, the BMP was considered efficient at reducing the constituent. To quantify efficiency, a simplistic approach was applied to compute mean and geometric mean efficiency ratios for the significantly reduced constituents in each BMP. Each BMP performance was ranked based on its computed efficiency ratios, however, the computed efficiency ratios were not sufficient to determine if statistical differences occurred among the performances of the four BMPs. Consequently, a more complex approach was used to apply statistical comparison tests to reduction percentages computed for individual storms (a modified removal efficiency of individual storm-load approach) to determine if differences in event-mean concentrations, loads, and reduction percentages for significantly reduced constituents occurred among the four structural BMPs.</p><p>Overall, the four BMPs were efficient in reducing suspended-sediment event-mean concentrations and loads in the stormwater entering the inlets of the BMPs to significantly lower event-mean concentrations before discharging the stormwater from the outlets. The cumulative suspended-sediment event-mean load in stormwater entering the BMPs from the storms sampled during the data-collection period was 1,026 kilograms (1.13 tons). The BMPs removed a cumulative suspended-sediment load of 558 kilograms (0.62 ton). The BMPs tended to preferentially trap the sand-size fraction of the sediment, thereby releasing a greater percentage of fine-grained (silt and clay) sediment in the water discharging from the outlet. The preferential trapping of fine-grained sediment by the BMPs could explain, at least in part, why the BMPs were not successful at significantly reducing these constituents.</p><p>In general, the four BMPs were not successful at significantly reducing fecal bacteria, nutrients, and total organic carbon (including associated properties of biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand). Three of the four BMPs significantly lowered oil and grease concentrations before the stormwater discharged from the outlet. Additionally, only one BMP was effective at reducing all total and particulate trace-metal event-mean concentrations and particulate trace-metal event-mean loads in stormwater entering the inlet. With respect to trace-metal event-mean concentrations, however, minimal or no improvement in outlet water quality was observed for the four BMPs, and the majority of the outlet concentrations were above the established acute and chronic aquatic-life criteria by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.</p><p>No statistical differences among the removal-efficiency of the four BMPs were determined for suspended-sediment event-mean concentrations, total suspended solids event-mean concentrations, or oil and grease concentrations. These statistical findings indicated that differences among the mean efficiency ratios were not significant among the BMPs for these properties. Additionally, one BMP generally had statistically greater removal efficiency for total and particulate cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc than one or more of the other three BMPs.</p><p>Statistical correlation tests were unable to identify a single major factor that would explain the high variability in inlet and outlet water concentrations and in removal efficiencies estimated by reduction percentage. Highly variable inlet and outlet concentrations for each BMP that produced highly variable reduction percentages were probably the result of multiple interacting factors, particularly rainfall intensity, the amount of rainfall between sampling events, traffic density, and the period of time since the last maintenance (clean out) of the BMP.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Conlon, K.J., and Journey, C.A., 2008, Evaluation of four structural best management practices for highway runoff in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, 2005–2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5150, xiv, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085150.","productDescription":"xiv, 122 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96516.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Beaufort County, Colleton County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.6417,\n              32.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6417,\n              32.7811\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7811,\n              32.7811\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7811,\n              32.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6417,\n              32.4167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97150,"text":"ofr20081290 - 2008 - Floods of May and June 2004 in central and eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1519","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T13:11:03.325774","indexId":"ofr20081290","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1290","title":"Floods of May and June 2004 in central and eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1519","docAbstract":"Several severe thunderstorms that passed through Ohio between May 17 and June 17, 2004, produced large amounts of rain in an already wet central and eastern Ohio, resulting in flooding in this region from May 18 to June 21, 2004. Record peak streamflow occurred at three U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. Damages caused by the flooding resulting from these storms were severe enough that 25 counties in central and eastern Ohio were declared Federal disaster areas. In all, there were two storm- or flood-related deaths, 3,529 private structures damaged or destroyed, and an estimated $43 million in damages.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the meteorological factors that resulted in severe flooding in central and eastern Ohio between May 18 and June 21, 2004, and addresses the damages caused by the storms and flooding. Peak-stage, peak-streamflow, and recurrence-interval data are reported for selected USGS streamgages. Flood profiles determined by the USGS are presented for selected streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081290","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ebner, A.D., Straub, D.E., and Lageman, J.D., 2008, Floods of May and June 2004 in central and eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1519: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1290, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081290.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-05-17","temporalEnd":"2004-06-21","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403716,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12135,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.726806640625,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.584716796875,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.584716796875,\n              41.74672584176937\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.726806640625,\n              41.74672584176937\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.726806640625,\n              39.5633531658293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lageman, Jonathan D. jlageman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jlageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97142,"text":"sim3056 - 2008 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, May 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T22:34:52.740122","indexId":"sim3056","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3056","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, May 2008","docAbstract":"This map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 2008. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 567 wells during the period May 6-May 27, near the end of the dry season. Some contours are inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals and spring flow. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours.\r\n\r\nMeasured values of the potentiometric surface ranged from 7 feet below NGVD29 near Fernandina Beach, Florida, to 124 feet above NGVD29 in Polk County, Florida. The average water level of the network in May 2008 was about 1 foot lower than the average in September 2007 following below-average rainfall during the dry season of 2007-08. Seasonal differences in network average water levels generally range from 4 to 6 feet. For 457 wells with previous measurements, May 2008 levels ranged from about 19 feet below to about 11 feet above September 2007 water levels.\r\n\r\nThe average water level of the network in May 2008 was about 1 foot higher than the average in May 2007. For 544 wells with previous measurements, May 2008 levels ranged from about 8 feet below to about 13 feet above May 2007 water levels.\r\n\r\nLong-term hydrographs of ground-water levels for continuous and periodic wells are available at internet site: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/fl/nwis/gw","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kinnaman, S.L., and Dixon, J.F., 2008, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, May 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3056, 1 Plate: 36 x 52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3056.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36 x 52 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-05-06","temporalEnd":"2008-05-27","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110797,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85401.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"85401"},{"id":12127,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.5,26 ], [ -83.5,31.5 ], [ -79.5,31.5 ], [ -79.5,26 ], [ -83.5,26 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b16ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnaman, Sandra L. 0000-0003-0271-6187 kinnaman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6187","contributorId":1757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnaman","given":"Sandra","email":"kinnaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Joann F. 0000-0001-9200-6407 jdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-6407","contributorId":1756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","email":"jdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97143,"text":"sir20075101 - 2008 - The coral reef of South Moloka'i, Hawai'i— Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T20:40:57.850638","indexId":"sir20075101","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5101","title":"The coral reef of South Moloka'i, Hawai'i— Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef","docAbstract":"<p>Moloka‘i, with the most extensive coral reef in the main Hawaiian Islands, is especially sacred to Hina, the Goddess of the Moon. As Hinaalo, she is the Mother of the Hawaiian people; as Hinapuku‘a, she is the Goddess of Fishermen; and in the form Hina‘opuhalako‘a, she is the Goddess who gave birth to coral, coral reefs, and all spiny marine organisms. Interdependence between the reef’s living resources, the people, and their cosmology was the basis for management of Moloka‘i’s coastal waters for over a thousand years.</p><p><span>The ancient residents of Moloka‘i built the greatest concentration of fishponds known anywhere, but their mastery of mariculture, something needed now more than ever, was lost after near genocide from exotic Western diseases. Subsequent destruction of the native vegetation for exotic cattle, goats, pigs, sugar cane, and pineapple caused soil erosion and sedimentation on the reef flat. This masterful volume clearly documents that soil washing into the sea is the major threat to the reef today. Abandoned fishponds, choked with sediment, now act as barriers and mud traps, making damage to corals less than it would otherwise would have been.</span></p><p><span>The role of mud and freshwater from land in preventing coral reef growth, clearly articulated in Charles Darwin’s first book, The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, is the major theme of this book. All around the tropics, coral reefs have died from huge increases in terrestrial sedimentation that resulted from destruction of hillside forests for cash-crop agriculture and pastures in the colonial era, especially in Latin America, Asia, and the islands of the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific. It is obvious that one cannot manage the coastal zone as a unit separate from the watersheds that drain into it. Yet there has been surprisingly little comprehensive scientific study of these impacts.</span></p><p><span>In this landmark volume, U.S. Geological Survey researchers and their colleagues have developed and applied a remarkably integrated approach to the reefs of Moloka‘i, combining geology, oceanography, and biology to provide an in-depth understanding of the processes that have made these reefs grow and that now limit them. They have joined old fashioned natural history of marine animals and plants with study of the geological evolution of the island, hydrology, meteorology, and land-use history, to an arsenal of new methods of remote sensing, including aerial photography, laser ranging, infrared thermal mapping, seismic reflection, in-situ instrumentation to measure chemical parameters of water quality, and direct measurements of the physical driving forces affecting them—such as wave energy, currents, sedimentation, and sediment transport. They provide a level of documentation and insight that has never been available for any reef before.</span></p><p><span>A remarkable feature of this book is that it is aimed at the people of Moloka‘i to inform them of what is happening to their reef and what they might do to preserve their vital resources. The scientific data and interpretations are expressed in unusually clear and comprehensible language, free of the professional jargon that makes most technical publications impenetrable to the public that most needs to know about them, yet without loss of scientific rigor.</span></p><p><span>Here readers will see clearly explained the whole path of soil loss, from the impacts of wild pigs and goats at higher elevations, deforestation of the hills for cattle pasture at lower levels, and denudation of low lands for cash crops. The resulting biological impoverishment has bared the soils, which wash away in flash storms, smothering the inshore reefs, whose growth was already limited because they had grown right up to sea level. The data in this book show that the mud doesn’t get far if it is washed into the sea during a big storm with heavy waves. Afterwards this mud keeps getting stirred up by every succeeding storm, spreading and affecting corals over wider areas until it is finally washed out of the system—and that only happens if there is no more new mud washing onto the reef.</span></p><p><span>I saw this myself a few years ago in Pila‘a Bay on Kaua‘i, where a bulldozed hillside of abandoned sugar cane fields had slumped right on top of a coral reef following exceptional rains. Years later, the algae species were zoned in a way that clearly mapped the distribution of nutrients washed into the bay, most likely from fertilizers bound to the eroded soils. That pattern closely mimics, on a small scale, that shown in Moloka‘i in this volume, where the inner reef is covered with algae, zoned by species in a way that points to land-based sources of nutrients, while the outermost reef slope is still coral dominated, and the deep algae seem to indicate deep-water nutrient upwelling.</span></p><p><span>What of the future? The Hawaiian Islands have been exceptionally fortunate to be spared the worst coral heatstroke death from high temperatures, at least to date. So far, the worst global warming impacts have luckily been small in this region, and the small number of people on Moloka‘i has kept population densities, and sewage pollution, low compared to the more developed islands. Nutrients from years of sugar and pineapple fertilization, and the washing of this soil onto the reefs, show clear influences on the pattern of algae on the reef. Even at very low levels of nutrients, well below that which drives algae to smother and kill coral reefs, more algae is present. Soil erosion control is therefore the key to better management of both nutrients and turbidity on Moloka‘i reefs. To that end land management actions mentioned in this book, such as suppressing wild fires and eliminating wild goats and pigs, could be made even more effective if supplemented by active erosion control using plants whose roots bind the soil effectively in place. Through all of these efforts, Hina and the people of Moloka‘i could be happy again!</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075101","isbn":"1411322886","usgsCitation":"2008, The coral reef of South Moloka'i, Hawai'i— Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5101, vi, 190 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075101.","productDescription":"vi, 190 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075101.JPG"},{"id":391450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85395.htm"},{"id":12128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"South Molokai Reef","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.7762756347656,\n              21.21514025408941\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.89712524414062,\n              21.20105715553566\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.02621459960935,\n              21.24074244508678\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.30224609375,\n              21.249702161806933\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.30224609375,\n              21.185692243796037\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.34344482421875,\n              21.09346926561652\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.18139648437497,\n              21.04861794324536\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.10037231445312,\n              21.074248926792812\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.03445434570312,\n              21.04477291496186\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.94793701171872,\n              21.025546284581797\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.84219360351562,\n              21.021700660816588\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73095703125,\n              21.06399706324597\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.66366577148438,\n              21.140868798573788\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.68975830078125,\n              21.197216077387107\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7762756347656,\n              21.21514025408941\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb66","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579481,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579482,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B. 0000-0002-6191-4119 jlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-4119","contributorId":2335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua","email":"jlogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579483,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579484,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97145,"text":"ofr20081344 - 2008 - Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting proposed liquefied natural gas site in Santa Monica Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T20:57:29.361448","indexId":"ofr20081344","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1344","displayTitle":"Comments on Potential Geologic and Seismic Hazards Affecting Proposed Liquefied Natural Gas Site in Santa Monica Bay, California","title":"Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting proposed liquefied natural gas site in Santa Monica Bay, California","docAbstract":"In a letter to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) dated March 25, 2008, Representative Jane Harman (California 36th district) requested advice on geologic hazards that should be considered in the review of a proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility off the California coast in Santa Monica Bay. In 2004, the USGS responded to a similar request from Representative Lois Capps, regarding two proposed LNG facilities offshore Ventura County, Calif., with a report summarizing potential geologic and seismic hazards (Ross and others, 2004).\r\n\r\nThe proposed LNG Deepwater Port (DWP) facility includes single point moorings (SPMs) and 35 miles of underwater pipelines. The DWP submersible buoys, manifolds, and risers would be situated on the floor of the southern Santa Monica Basin, in 3,000 feet of water, about 23 miles offshore of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Twin 24-inch diameter pipelines would extend northeastward from the buoys across the basin floor, up the basin slope and across the continental shelf, skirting north around the Santa Monica submarine canyon. Figure 1 provides locations of the project and geologic features. Acronyms are defined in table 1.\r\n\r\nThis facility is being proposed in a region of known geologic hazards that arise from both the potential for strong earthquakes and geologic processes related to sediment transport and accumulation in the offshore environment. The probability of a damaging earthquake (considered here as magnitude 6.5 or greater) in the next 30 years within about 30 miles (50 km) of the proposed pipeline ranges from 16% at the pipeline's offshore end to 48% where it nears land (Petersen, 2008). Earthquakes of this magnitude are capable of producing strong shaking, surface fault offsets, liquefaction phenomena, landslides, underwater turbidity currents and debris flow avalanches, and tsunamis.\r\n\r\nAs part of the DWP license application for the Woodside Natural Gas proposal in Santa Monica Bay (known as the OceanWay Secure Energy Project), Fugro West, Inc., had already prepared a document discussing geologic hazards in the area, titled 'Exhibit B Topic Report 6 - Geological Resources' (Fugro West, Inc., 2007); hereafter, this will be called the 'Geological Resources document'. The USGS agreed to evaluate the information in the Geological Resources document regarding (1) proximity of active faults to the proposed project, (2) potential magnitude of seismic events from nearby faults, (3) thoroughness of the assessment of earthquake hazards in general, (4) potential hazards from ground rupture and strong shaking, (5) potential hazards from tsunamis, and (6) other geologic hazards including landslides and debris flows. Because two new earthquake probability reports were scheduled to be released in mid-April, 2008, by the USGS and the California Geological Survey (CGS), the USGS suggested a 6-month review period to enable a thorough incorporation of this new information.\r\n\r\nTwenty-seven scientists from the USGS and the CGS reviewed various sections of the Geological Resources document. This report outlines our major conclusions. The appendix is a longer list of comments by these reviewers, grouped by section of the Geological Resources document. Before discussing our reviews, we first provide a brief overview of geologic hazards in the proposed site area.\r\n\r\nThis report is a snapshot in time and any future work in the area will need to take into account ongoing research efforts. For example, USGS scientists collected seismic reflection data in the spring of 2008 to study the structure and seismic potential of several faults in the area. Their interpretations (Conrad and others, 2008a and 2008b) are too preliminary to be included in this report, but their final results, along with other researchers' studies in the project area, should be considered in any future work on the Deepwater Port project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081344","usgsCitation":"Ross, S.L., Lee, H., Parsons, T.E., Beyer, L.A., Boore, D.M., Conrad, J.E., Edwards, B.D., Fisher, M.A., Frankel, A.D., Geist, E.L., Hudnut, K.W., Hough, S.E., Kayen, R., Lorenson, T., Luco, N., McCrory, P.A., McGann, M., Nathenson, M., Nolan, M., Petersen, M.D., Ponti, D.J., Powell, C.L., Ryan, H., Tinsley, J., Wills, C.J., Wong, F.L., and Xu, J., 2008, Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting proposed liquefied natural gas site in Santa Monica Bay, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1344, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081344.","productDescription":"vi, 60 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,{"id":97163,"text":"ds387 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T18:17:33.675636","indexId":"ds387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"387","title":"Ground-water quality data in the coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 860 square-mile Coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit (CLAB) was investigated from June to November of 2006 as part of the Statewide Basin Assessment Project of the Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Statewide Basin Assessment was developed in response to the Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).\r\n\r\nThe Coastal Los Angeles Basin study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within CLAB, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 69 wells in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Fifty-five of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (?grid wells?). Fourteen additional wells were selected to evaluate changes in ground-water chemistry or to gain a greater understanding of the ground-water quality within a specific portion of the Coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit ('understanding wells').\r\n\r\nGround-water samples were analyzed for: a large number of synthetic organic constituents [volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gasoline oxygenates and their degradates, pesticides, polar pesticides, and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and potential wastewater-indicators]; constituents of special interest [perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 1,4-dioxane, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP)]; inorganic constituents that can occur naturally [nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements]; radioactive constituents [gross-alpha and gross-beta radiation, radium isotopes, and radon-222]; and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes [stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen, and activities of tritium and carbon-14] and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water.\r\n\r\nQuality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) were collected at approximately one-fourth of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a significant source of bias. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds. Assessment of the quality-control information resulted in applying ?V? codes to approximately 0.1 percent of the data collected for ground-water samples (meaning a constituent was detected in blanks as well as the corresponding environmental data).\r\n\r\nThis study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain acceptable drinking-water quality. Regulatory thresholds are applied to the treated drinking water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH, formerly California Department of Health Services [CADHS]) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only, and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those thresholds.\r\n\r\nVOCs were detected in alm","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds387","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program (Version 1.1, Revised Mar 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 387, x, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds387.","productDescription":"x, 98 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402999,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86219.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12149,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/387/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.75146484375,\n              33.62376800118811\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.520751953125,\n              34.134541681937364\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.861328125,\n              34.252676117101515\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              34.37064492478658\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.99291992187499,\n              34.17090836352573\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50952148437499,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.377685546875,\n              33.715201644740844\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0810546875,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.88330078125,\n              33.55055114384406\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75146484375,\n              33.62376800118811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Mar 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d53e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97162,"text":"tm2A7 - 2008 - Protocol for Monitoring Fish Assemblages in Pacific Northwest National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"tm2A7","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-A7","title":"Protocol for Monitoring Fish Assemblages in Pacific Northwest National Parks","docAbstract":"Rivers and streams that drain from Olympic, Mount Rainier, and North Cascades National Parks are among the most protected corridors in the lower 48 States, and represent some of the largest tracts of contiguous, undisturbed habitat throughout the range of several key fish species of the Pacific Northwest. These watersheds are of high regional importance as freshwater habitat sanctuaries for native fish, where habitat conditions are characterized as having little to no disturbance from development, channelization, impervious surfaces, roads, diversions, or hydroelectric projects. Fishery resources are of high ecological and cultural importance in Pacific Northwest National Parks, and significantly contribute to economically important recreational, commercial, and tribal fisheries.\r\n\r\nThis protocol describes procedures to monitor trends in fish assemblages, fish abundance, and water temperature in eight rivers and five wadeable streams in Olympic National Park during summer months, and is based on 4 years of field testing. Fish assemblages link freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. They also serve as focal resources of national parks and are excellent indicators of ecological conditions of rivers and streams. Despite the vital importance of native anadromous and resident fish populations, there is no existing monitoring program for fish assemblages in the North Coast and Cascades Network.\r\n\r\nSpecific monitoring objectives of this protocol are to determine seasonal and annual trends in: (1) fish species composition, (2) timing of migration of adult fish, (3) relative abundance, (4) age and size structure, (5) extent of non-native and hatchery fish, and (6) water temperature. To detect seasonal and annual trends in fish assemblages in reference sites, we rely on repeated and consistent annual sampling at each monitoring site. The general rationale for the repeated sampling of reference sites is to ensure that we account for the high interannual variability in fish movements and abundances in rivers. One underlying assumption is that the monitoring program is designed in perpetuity, and consequently our capability to detect trends substantially increases with time.\r\n\r\nThe protocol describes sampling designs, methods, training procedures, safety considerations, data management, data analysis, and reporting. The allocation of sampling effort represents a balance between ecological considerations, a sound monitoring approach, and practical limitations caused by logistical constraints and a limited annual budget of $55,000. The widespread declines of native fish species in western North America highlights the importance and urgency of understanding trends in fish assemblages from undisturbed habitats. Seasonal and annual trends in fish assemblages will provide insights at the individual, population, and assemblage level.\r\n\r\nThis protocol will allow managers to detect increases and decreases in abundance of priority management species, and occurrence of non-native, hatchery, and federally listed fish. The detection of trends in fish assemblages will allow for specific management actions that may include: implementation of more appropriate fishing regulations, evaluation of existing hatchery releases, control of non-native fish species, and prioritization of habitat restoration projects. Dissemination and communication of scientific findings on North Coast and Cascades Network fish assemblages will be a core product of this protocol, which will have much relevance to decision makers, park visitors, researchers, and educators.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 7 of Section A, Biological Science, Book 2, Collection of Environmental Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm2A7","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Coast and Cascades Network, National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Brenkman, S.J., and Connolly, P., 2008, Protocol for Monitoring Fish Assemblages in Pacific Northwest National Parks: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-A7, vi, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2A7.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_2_a7.png"},{"id":12147,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm2a7/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,47.25 ], [ -125,48.5 ], [ -122,48.5 ], [ -122,47.25 ], [ -125,47.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687ec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenkman, Samuel J.","contributorId":50864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenkman","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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