Hawai‘i’s aquifers have limited capacity to store fresh groundwater because each island is small and surrounded by saltwater. Saltwater also underlies much of the fresh groundwater. Fresh groundwater resources are, therefore, particularly vulnerable to human activity, short-term climate cycles, and long-term climate change. Availability of fresh groundwater for human use is constrained by the degree to which the impacts of withdrawal—such as lowering of the water table, saltwater intrusion, and reduction in the natural discharge to springs, streams, wetlands, and submarine seeps—are deemed acceptable. This report describes the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater budgets (inflows and outflows), conceptual models of groundwater occurrence and movement, and the factors limiting groundwater availability for the largest and most populated of the Hawaiian Islands—Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island.
The bulk of each of Hawai‘i’s islands is built of many thin lava flows erupted from shield volcanoes; the great piles of lava flows form highly permeable aquifers. In some areas, low-permeability dikes cutting across the lava flows, or low-permeability ash and soil horizons interlayered with the lava flows, can substantially alter groundwater flow. On some islands, sedimentary rocks form thick semiconfining coastal-plain deposits, locally known as caprock, that impede natural groundwater discharge to the ocean. In some regions, thick lava flows that ponded in preexisting depressions form aquifers that are much less permeable than aquifers formed by thin lava flows.
Fresh groundwater inflow to Hawai‘i’s aquifers comes from recharge. For predevelopment conditions (1870), estimates of groundwater recharge from this study are 871, 675, 1,279, and 5,291 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) for Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, respectively. Estimates of recharge for recent conditions (2010 land cover and 1978–2007 rainfall for Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui; 2008 land cover and 1916–1983 rainfall for Hawai‘i Island) are 875, 660, 1,308, and 6,595 Mgal/d for Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, respectively. Recent recharge values differ from predevelopment recharge values by only a few percent for all islands except Hawai‘i Island, where changes in forest cover affected recharge. Spatial distribution of recharge mimics the orographic rainfall pattern—recharge is high on windward slopes and mountain peaks below the top of the trade-wind inversion. Human activity such as irrigation also contributes to recharge in some areas.
Outflows from Hawai‘i’s aquifers include withdrawals from wells and natural groundwater discharge to springs, streams, wetlands, and submarine seeps. Under predevelopment conditions, groundwater withdrawal is assumed to be negligible and natural groundwater discharge probably was equal, or close, to recharge. Under recent conditions (2000–2010), groundwater withdrawal averaged 19, 209, 104, and 103 Mgal/d on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, respectively. If recent withdrawal and recharge rates are maintained until steady state is achieved, natural groundwater discharge will be reduced by an amount equal to the withdrawal rate. Total recent withdrawal for the four islands is only about 5 percent of total recharge, but about half of the withdrawal comes from O‘ahu, whereas O‘ahu receives only 7 percent of the total recharge. Effects of high withdrawals on O‘ahu cannot be mitigated by the lower withdrawals on other islands because no freshwater flows between islands. Even within an island, high withdrawals from one area cannot be completely mitigated by recharge in another area. Water-level, saltwater/freshwater-transition-zone, spring, and stream base-flow data indicate an overall reduction in storage for most areas where groundwater has been developed.
Groundwater occurrence and movement in Hawai‘i’s volcanic aquifers can be described in terms of four conceptual models: (1) fresh groundwater lenses in high-permeability lava-flow aquifers, (2) aquifers with groundwater impounded by dikes, (3) thickly saturated low-permeability aquifers, and (4) perched aquifers. In Hawai‘i, most fresh groundwater withdrawn for human use comes from freshwater lenses in the dike-free high-permeability lava-flow aquifers where the principal limiting factor to groundwater availability is saltwater intrusion, but impacts of reduced natural groundwater discharge may also limit availability. Dike-impounded groundwater is common near the center of Hawaiian shield volcanoes, where water moves and is stored in permeable lava flows between the dikes; groundwater availability in these aquifers is primarily limited by storage depletion and reduction of flow to adjacent aquifers and natural groundwater discharge. Thickly saturated low-permeability aquifers have been identified on Kaua‘i and Maui; groundwater availability is primarily limited by streamflow depletion and water-table decline. Perched groundwater is postulated to exist in some areas of Hawai‘i, but store much less water than other modes ofgroundwater occurrence. Limits on groundwater availability in perched aquifers include the potential of reducing inflow to other groundwater settings and reducing natural discharge and stream seepage. Some groundwater bodies in Hawai‘i are enigmatic; consequences of groundwater development in these bodies and their relation to groundwater availability are not completely understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155164","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., Engott, J.A., Rotzoll, Kolja, Bassiouni, Maoya, Johnson, A.G., Miller, L.D., and Mair, Alan, 2018, Volcanic aquifers of Hawai‘i—Hydrogeology, water budgets, and conceptual models (ver. 2.0, March 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5164, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155164.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 158 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"172","ipdsId":"IP-058142","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351940,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72F7KH4","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (ver. 2.0)"},{"id":351939,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7SX6B9H","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover (ver. 2.0)"},{"id":351942,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7571931","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Kauai, Hawaii, for recent conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 2010 land cover (ver. 2.0)"},{"id":351941,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71G0JBV","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Kauai, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover (ver. 2.0)"},{"id":351932,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5164/sir20155164v2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"77.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5164 Version 2"},{"id":351931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5164/coverthb_5164.jpg"},{"id":351945,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P8490T","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Maui, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (version 2.0)"},{"id":351944,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2SKT","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Maui, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1978–2007 rainfall and 1870 land cover (version 2.0)"},{"id":351943,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79021VS","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Kauai, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (ver. 2.0)"},{"id":417942,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233010","text":"Fact Sheet 2023-3010","description":"Izuka, S.K., and Rotzoll, K., 2023, Availability of groundwater from the volcanic aquifers of the Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023-3010, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233010.","linkHelpText":"- Availability of Groundwater from the Volcanic Aquifers of the Hawaiian Islands"},{"id":416442,"rank":14,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1876","text":"Professional Paper 1876","description":"Izuka, S.K., and Rotzoll, K., 2023, Volcanic aquifers of Hawaiʻi—Contributions to assessing groundwater availability on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Maui: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1876, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1876.","linkHelpText":"- Volcanic Aquifers of Hawai‘i—Contributions to Assessing Groundwater Availability on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui"},{"id":416443,"rank":13,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205126","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5126","description":"Izuka, S.K., Rotzoll, K., and Nishikawa, T., 2021, Volcanic Aquifers of Hawai‘i—Construction and calibration of numerical models for assessing groundwater availability on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5126, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205126.","linkHelpText":"- Volcanic Aquifers of Hawai‘i—Construction and Calibration of Numerical Models for Assessing Groundwater Availability on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui"},{"id":351933,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5164/sir20151064_versionHist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":351947,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XP730S","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for Hawaii Island, Hawaii, for predevelopment conditions, 1916-83 rainfall and 1870 land cover"},{"id":351946,"rank":12,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7668B89","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for Hawaii Island, Hawaii, for recent conditions, 1916-83 rainfall and 2008 land cover"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: June 13, 2016; Version 2.0: March 1, 2018","contact":"Director,
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818
Precipitation thresholds are used in many areas to provide early warning of precipitation-induced landslides and debris flows, and the software distribution THRESH is designed for automated tracking of precipitation, including precipitation forecasts, relative to thresholds for landslide occurrence. This software is also useful for analyzing multiyear precipitation records to compare timing of threshold exceedance with dates and times of historical landslides. This distribution includes the main program THRESH for comparing precipitation to several kinds of thresholds, two utility programs, and a small collection of Python and shell scripts to aid the automated collection and formatting of input data and the graphing and further analysis of output results. The software programs can be deployed on computing platforms that support Fortran 95, Python 2, and certain Unix commands. The software handles rainfall intensity-duration thresholds, cumulative recent-antecedent precipitation thresholds, and peak intensity thresholds as well as various measures of antecedent precipitation. Users should have predefined rainfall thresholds before running THRESH.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14: Landslide and debris-flow assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm14A2","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Fischer, S.J., and Vigil, J.C., 2018, THRESH—Software for tracking rainfall thresholds for landslide and debris-flow occurrence, user manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 14, chap. A2, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm14A2.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Software release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087132","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437999,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q23XR0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Thresh - Software for Tracking Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide and Debris Flow Occurrence, Code Repository"},{"id":352130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a2/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352140,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q23XR0","text":"Software Release","linkHelpText":"THRESH"},{"id":352131,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a2/tm14a2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 14-A2"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 2 of Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14: Landslide and debris-flow assessment.","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collects data to assess the quality of our Nation’s water resources. A high degree of reliability and standardization of these data are paramount to fulfilling this mission. Documentation of nationally accepted methods used by USGS personnel serves to maintain consistency and technical quality in data-collection activities. “The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (NFM) provides documented guidelines and protocols for USGS field personnel who collect water-quality data. The NFM provides detailed, comprehensive, and citable procedures for monitoring the quality of surface water and groundwater. Topics in the NFM include (1) methods and protocols for sampling water resources, (2) methods for processing samples for analysis of water quality, (3) methods for measuring field parameters, and (4) specialized procedures, such as sampling water for low levels of mercury and organic wastewater chemicals, measuring biological indicators, and sampling bottom sediment for chemistry. Personnel who collect water-quality data for national USGS programs and projects, including projects supported by USGS cooperative programs, are mandated to use protocols provided in the NFM per USGS Office of Water Quality Technical Memorandum 2002.13. Formal training, for example, as provided in the USGS class, “Field Water-Quality Methods for Groundwater and Surface Water,” and field apprenticeships supplement the guidance provided in the NFM and ensure that the data collected are high quality, accurate, and scientifically defensible.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data in Book 9: Handbooks for Water-Resources Investigations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm9A0","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2018, General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (ver. 1.1, June 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 9, chap. A0, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A0. [Supersedes USGS Techniques and Methods,\n
General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (ver. 1.1) supersedes version 1.0 released February 2018.
","contact":"Chief, Office of Quality Assurance
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 432
Reston, VA 20192
Federal investments by U.S. agencies to enhance climate resilience at regional scales grew over the past decade (2010s). To maximize efficiency and effectiveness in serving multiple sectors and scales, it has become critical to leverage existing agency-specific research, infrastructure, and capacity while avoiding redundancy. We discuss lessons learned from a multi-institutional “regional climate response collaborative” that comprises three different federally-supported climate service entities in the Rocky Mountain west and northern plains region. These lessons include leveraging different strengths of each partner, creating deliberate mechanisms to increase cross-entity communication and joint ownership of projects, and placing a common priority on stakeholder-relevant research and outcomes. We share the conditions that fostered successful collaboration, which can be transferred elsewhere, and suggest mechanisms for overcoming potential barriers. Synergies are essential for producing actionable research that informs climate-related decisions for stakeholders and ultimately enhances climate resilience at regional scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0183.1","usgsCitation":"Averyt, K., Derner, J.D., Dilling, L., Guerrero, R., Joyce, L.A., McNeeley, S., McNie, E., Morisette, J.T., Ojima, D., O'Malley, R., Peck, D., Ray, A.J., Reeves, M., and Travis, W., 2018, Regional climate response collaboratives: Multi-institutional support for climate resilience: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 99, p. 891-898, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0183.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"898","ipdsId":"IP-088689","costCenters":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholar.colorado.edu/downloads/cn69m5095","text":"External Repository"},{"id":352143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Averyt, Kristen","contributorId":63331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averyt","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derner, Justin D.","contributorId":169766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derner","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25583,"text":"USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range, Cheyenne, WY 82009","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dilling, Lisa","contributorId":202838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dilling","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guerrero, Rafael","contributorId":202839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guerrero","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joyce, Linda A.","contributorId":106769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNeeley, Shannon","contributorId":202840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNeeley","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNie, Elizabeth","contributorId":202841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNie","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ojima, Dennis","contributorId":36166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"O'Malley, Robin romalley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Malley","given":"Robin","email":"romalley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":729889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Peck, Dannele","contributorId":202842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Dannele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ray, Andrea J.","contributorId":196935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Reeves, Matt","contributorId":202843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Travis, William","contributorId":202844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Travis","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70195753,"text":"70195753 - 2018 - The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T11:10:32","indexId":"70195753","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared","docAbstract":"Loess is widely distributed over Asia and North America and constitutes one of the most important surficial deposits that serve as terrestrial records of the Quaternary. The oldest Pleistocene loess in China is likely ∼2.6 Ma, thus spanning much or all of the Pleistocene. In North America, most loess is no older than the penultimate glacial period, with the exception of Alaska, where the record may go back to ∼3.0 Ma. On both continents, loess deposits date primarily to glacial periods, and interglacial or interstadial periods are represented by paleosols. Both glacial and non-glacial sources of silts that comprise the bulk of loess deposits are found on both continents. Although loess has been considered to be representative of the average upper continental crust, there are regionally distinctive compositions of loess in both Asia and North America. Loess deposits in Asia from Yakutia, Tajikistan, and China have compositionally distinct major element compositions, due to varying abundances of silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, and clay minerals. In North America, loess in the Mississippi River valley, the Great Plains, and Alaska are also distinguishable with regard to major element composition that reflects highly diverse source sediments. Trace element geochemistry (Sc-Th-Zr and the rare earth elements) also shows regional diversity of loess bodies, in both Asia and North America. On both continents, most loess bodies show significant contributions from later-cycle, altered sedimentary rocks, as opposed to direct derivation from igneous rocks. Further, some loess bodies have detectable contributions from mafic igneous rocks as well as major contributions from average, upper-crustal, felsic rocks. Intercalated paleosols in loess sections show geochemical compositions that differ significantly from the underlying loess parent materials. Ratios of soluble-to-insoluble elements show depletions in paleosols due to chemical weathering losses of calcite, dolomite, plagioclase, mica, apatite, and smectite. In Asia and North America, the last interglacial paleosol is more weathered than equivalent modern soils, which could be due either to a climate that was warmer and more humid, a longer period of pedogenesis, or both. In Asia, early Pleistocene loess and paleosols are both more weathered than those from the middle and late Pleistocene, forming prior to a mid-Pleistocene aridification of Asia from uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding the geochemistry of loess and paleosols can tell us much about past atmospheric circulation, past temperature and moisture regimes, and even tectonic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., 2018, The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 155, p. 81-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"115","ipdsId":"IP-091000","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":140288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195690,"text":"70195690 - 2018 - The evolution of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with periodic steps following two transformational disturbances: A wildfire and a historic flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T13:48:15","indexId":"70195690","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolution of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with periodic steps following two transformational disturbances: A wildfire and a historic flood","docAbstract":"The transition of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with discrete steps was observed after two landscape-scale disturbances. The first disturbance, a high-severity wildfire, changed the catchment hydrology to favor overland flow, which incised a colluvial hollow, creating a channel in the same location. This incised channel became armored with cobbles and boulders following repeated post-wildfire overland flow events. Three years after the fire, a record rainstorm produced regional flooding and generated sufficient fluvial erosion and sorting to produce a fluvial channel with periodically spaced steps. An analysis of the step spacing shows that after the flood, newly formed steps retained a similar spacing to the topographic roughness spacing in the original colluvial hollow (prior to channelization). This suggests that despite a distinct change in channel form roughness and bedform morphology, the endogenous roughness periodicity was conserved. Variations in sediment erodibility helped to create the emergent steps as the largest particles ( >D84) remained immobile, becoming step features, and downstream soil was easily winnowed away.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.01.003","usgsCitation":"Rengers, F.K., McGuire, L., Ebel, B.A., and Tucker, G.E., 2018, The evolution of a colluvial hollow to a fluvial channel with periodic steps following two transformational disturbances: A wildfire and a historic flood: Geomorphology, v. 309, p. 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.01.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-092542","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.01.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"309","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rengers, Francis K. 0000-0002-1825-0943 frengers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0943","contributorId":150422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis","email":"frengers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Luke","contributorId":197027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Luke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, G. E.","contributorId":195335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195754,"text":"70195754 - 2018 - Future southcentral US wildfire probability due to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T13:47:27","indexId":"70195754","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1246,"text":"Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1573-1480","printIssn":"0165-0009","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future southcentral US wildfire probability due to climate change","docAbstract":"Globally, changing fire regimes due to climate is one of the greatest threats to ecosystems and society. In this paper, we present projections of future fire probability for the southcentral USA using downscaled climate projections and the Physical Chemistry Fire Frequency Model (PC2FM). Future fire probability is projected to both increase and decrease across the study region of Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. Among all end-of-century projections, change in fire probabilities (CFPs) range from − 51 to + 240%. Greatest absolute increases in fire probability are shown for areas within the range of approximately 75 to 160 cm mean annual precipitation (MAP), regardless of climate model. Although fire is likely to become more frequent across the southcentral USA, spatial patterns may remain similar unless significant increases in precipitation occur, whereby more extensive areas with increased fire probability are predicted. Perhaps one of the most important results is illumination of climate changes where fire probability response (+, −) may deviate (i.e., tipping points). Fire regimes of southcentral US ecosystems occur in a geographic transition zone from reactant- to reaction-limited conditions, potentially making them uniquely responsive to different scenarios of temperature and precipitation changes. Identification and description of these conditions may help anticipate fire regime changes that will affect human health, agriculture, species conservation, and nutrient and water cycling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-018-2156-8","usgsCitation":"Stambaugh, M.C., Guyette, R.P., Stroh, E.D., Struckhoff, M.A., and Whittier, J.B., 2018, Future southcentral US wildfire probability due to climate change: Climate Change, v. 147, no. 3-4, p. 617-631, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2156-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"631","ipdsId":"IP-088702","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stambaugh, Michael C.","contributorId":202826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stambaugh","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13706,"text":"University of Missouri-Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guyette, Richard P.","contributorId":176595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyette","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stroh, Esther D. 0000-0003-4291-4647 estroh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-4647","contributorId":2813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"Esther","email":"estroh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Struckhoff, Matthew A. 0000-0002-4911-9956 mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9956","contributorId":2095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struckhoff","given":"Matthew","email":"mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195720,"text":"70195720 - 2018 - Anthropogenic impact in the Mayan Lowlands of Petén, Guatemala, during the last 5500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T09:34:02","indexId":"70195720","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic impact in the Mayan Lowlands of Petén, Guatemala, during the last 5500 years","docAbstract":"Trace and rare earth elements from a Lake Peten Itzá (Guatemala) sediment core depict the geochemical dynamics affecting the lake from ~5500 y BP to the present. This timing encompasses the Preclassic (4000 to 1700 y BP) and Classic Periods (1700-1000 y BP) when thriving Maya societies extensively cleared land for agriculture. We demonstrate that this land use occurred during times of increased precipitation, where both processes resulted in increased erosion. Rare earth element ratios depict high precipitation rates between 3000 to 1000 y BP, correlating with an increase in allocthonous silicate input and low organic carbon in the “Maya Clay” stratigraphic section, where this layer is ascribed to intensive anthropogenic land use. Cesium anomalies provide additional evidence for runoff due to high rainfalls and amplified by anthropogenic impacts. The Peten Itzá core contains anomalous spikes of arsenic and mercury, where these peaks correspond to documented volcanic eruptions, and therefore are likely due to natural causes. The geochemical composition of sediments and palynological records indicate a re-growth of the forest after ~900 y BP. This increased forest vegetation coincides with the timing of the decline in Maya agriculture.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3013","usgsCitation":"Battistel, D., Roman, M., Marchetti, A., Kehrwald, N.M., Radaelli, M., Balliana, E., Toscano, G., and Barbante, C., 2018, Anthropogenic impact in the Mayan Lowlands of Petén, Guatemala, during the last 5500 years: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 33, no. 2, p. 166-176, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"176","ipdsId":"IP-085878","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3697605","text":"External Repository"},{"id":352115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guatemala","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 16.109153239219467\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 15.284185114076433\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 15.050905707724771\n ],\n [\n -92.230224609375,\n 14.477234210156519\n ],\n [\n -91.8896484375,\n 14.243086862716888\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 13.93406718249833\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 13.880745842025602\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 13.902075852500495\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 13.710035342476681\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 14.030014548014327\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 14.243086862716888\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 14.3069694978258\n ],\n [\n -89.5770263671875,\n 14.402759378194173\n ],\n [\n -89.5111083984375,\n 14.42936039337316\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 14.413400165206092\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 14.445319477691228\n ],\n [\n -89.3353271484375,\n 14.461277417004244\n ],\n [\n -89.2529296875,\n 14.567634332576946\n ],\n [\n -89.176025390625,\n 14.567634332576946\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 14.604847155053898\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 14.753635331540442\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 14.902321826141808\n ],\n [\n -89.1595458984375,\n 15.066819284539045\n ],\n [\n -88.9727783203125,\n 15.13576435459581\n ],\n [\n -88.5662841796875,\n 15.437795920240932\n ],\n [\n -88.3135986328125,\n 15.64948620141212\n ],\n [\n -88.231201171875,\n 15.675932151334584\n ],\n [\n -88.231201171875,\n 15.744675578471627\n ],\n [\n -88.5443115234375,\n 15.966610400903184\n ],\n [\n -88.6541748046875,\n 15.977172621632809\n ],\n [\n -88.560791015625,\n 15.860957606260476\n ],\n [\n -88.5992431640625,\n 15.728813770533966\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 15.855673509998681\n ],\n [\n -89.23095703125,\n 15.940202412387029\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 17.26672782352052\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 17.240497931237368\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 17.156537255486093\n ],\n [\n -91.2799072265625,\n 17.156537255486093\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 17.041029311689186\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 16.909683615558635\n ],\n [\n -90.75256347656249,\n 16.74142754700361\n ],\n [\n -90.6536865234375,\n 16.594081412718474\n ],\n [\n -90.6427001953125,\n 16.47823012776421\n ],\n [\n -90.4779052734375,\n 16.436085175129964\n ],\n [\n -90.4010009765625,\n 16.38866117075937\n ],\n [\n -90.4888916015625,\n 16.235772090429855\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 16.06692895745012\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 16.088042220148818\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 16.109153239219467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battistel, D.","contributorId":202817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battistel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36529,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Marco","contributorId":202818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36530,"text":"ECSIN -- European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marchetti, A","contributorId":202819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchetti","given":"A","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36529,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kehrwald, Natalie M. 0000-0002-9160-2239 nkehrwald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2239","contributorId":168918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kehrwald","given":"Natalie","email":"nkehrwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radaelli, Marta","contributorId":202820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radaelli","given":"Marta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36529,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Balliana, Eleanora","contributorId":202821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balliana","given":"Eleanora","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36529,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Toscano, Giuseppina","contributorId":202822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toscano","given":"Giuseppina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36531,"text":"Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes -- CNR, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barbante, Carlo","contributorId":202632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbante","given":"Carlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36503,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Infomatics, and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70195695,"text":"70195695 - 2018 - Spatial and spectral interpolation of ground-motion intensity measure observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T15:52:47","indexId":"70195695","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and spectral interpolation of ground-motion intensity measure observations","docAbstract":"Following a significant earthquake, ground‐motion observations are available for a limited set of locations and intensity measures (IMs). Typically, however, it is desirable to know the ground motions for additional IMs and at locations where observations are unavailable. Various interpolation methods are available, but because IMs or their logarithms are normally distributed, spatially correlated, and correlated with each other at a given location, it is possible to apply the conditional multivariate normal (MVN) distribution to the problem of estimating unobserved IMs. In this article, we review the MVN and its application to general estimation problems, and then apply the MVN to the specific problem of ground‐motion IM interpolation. In particular, we present (1) a formulation of the MVN for the simultaneous interpolation of IMs across space and IM type (most commonly, spectral response at different oscillator periods) and (2) the inclusion of uncertain observation data in the MVN formulation. These techniques, in combination with modern empirical ground‐motion models and correlation functions, provide a flexible framework for estimating a variety of IMs at arbitrary locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120170201","usgsCitation":"Worden, C., Thompson, E.M., Baker, J.W., Bradley, B.A., Luco, N., and Wald, D.J., 2018, Spatial and spectral interpolation of ground-motion intensity measure observations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 108, no. 2, p. 866-875, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170201.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"866","endPage":"875","ipdsId":"IP-092580","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worden, Charles 0000-0003-1181-685X cbworden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-685X","contributorId":152042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worden","given":"Charles","email":"cbworden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":146592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Jack W.","contributorId":115861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Brendon A.","contributorId":202814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"Brendon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70195565,"text":"ofr20181029 - 2018 - Suspended-sediment transport from the Green-Duwamish River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington, 2013–17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T11:06:55","indexId":"ofr20181029","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1029","title":"Suspended-sediment transport from the Green-Duwamish River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington, 2013–17","docAbstract":"The Green-Duwamish River transports watershed-derived sediment to the Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund site near Seattle, Washington. Understanding the amount of sediment transported by the river is essential to the bed sediment cleanup process. Turbidity, discharge, suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), and particle-size data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from February 2013 to January 2017 at the Duwamish River, Washington, within the tidal influence at river kilometer 16.7 (USGS streamgage 12113390; Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, WA). This report quantifies the timing and magnitude of suspended-sediment transported in the Duwamish River. Regression models were developed between SSC and turbidity and SSC and discharge to estimate 15- minute SSC. Suspended-sediment loads were calculated from the computed SSC and time-series discharge data for every 15-minute interval during the study period. The 2014–16 average annual suspended-sediment load computed was 117,246 tons (106,364 metric tons), of which 73.5 percent or (86,191 tons; 78,191 metric tons) was fine particle (less than 0.0625 millimeter in diameter) suspended sediment. The seasonality of this site is apparent when you divide the year into \"wet\" (October 16– April 15) and \"dry\" (April 16–October 15) seasons. Most (97 percent) of the annual suspended sediment was transported during the wet season, when brief periods of intense precipitation from storms, large releases from the Howard Hanson Dam, or a combination of both were much more frequent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Senter, C.A., Conn, K.E., Black, R.W., Peterson, N., Vanderpool-Kimura, A., and Foreman, J.R., 2018, Suspended-sediment transport from the Green-Duwamish River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington, 2013–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1029, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181029.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092733","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1029/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1029/ofr20181029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1029"},{"id":352135,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71835Q9","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data for turbidity, discharge, and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads, Duwamish River, Tukwila, Washington"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","otherGeospatial":"Green-Duwamish River, Lower Duwanish Waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39627838134766,\n 47.458272792347074\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 47.458272792347074\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 47.59875528481801\n ],\n [\n -122.39627838134766,\n 47.59875528481801\n ],\n [\n -122.39627838134766,\n 47.458272792347074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
The foundational ecosystem processes of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) cannot be measured directly but can be modeled in aquatic ecosystems from subdaily patterns of oxygen (O2) concentrations. Because rivers and streams constantly exchange O2 with the atmosphere, models must either use empirical estimates of the gas exchange rate coefficient (K600) or solve for all three parameters (GPP, ER, and K600) simultaneously. Empirical measurements of K600 require substantial field work and can still be inaccurate. Three-parameter models have suffered from equifinality, where good fits to O2 data are achieved by many different parameter values, some unrealistic. We developed a new three-parameter, multiday model that ensures similar values for K600 among days with similar physical conditions (e.g., discharge). Our new model overcomes the equifinality problem by (1) flexibly relating K600 to discharge while permitting moderate daily deviations and (2) avoiding the oft-violated assumption that residuals in O2 predictions are uncorrelated. We implemented this hierarchical state-space model and several competitor models in an open-source R package, streamMetabolizer. We then tested the models against both simulated and field data. Our new model reduces error by as much as 70% in daily estimates of K600, GPP, and ER. Further, accuracy benefits of multiday data sets require as few as 3 days of data. This approach facilitates more accurate metabolism estimates for more streams and days, enabling researchers to better quantify carbon fluxes, compare streams by their metabolic regimes, and investigate controls on aquatic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017JG004140","usgsCitation":"Appling, A.P., Hall, R., Yackulic, C.B., and Arroita, M., 2018, Overcoming equifinality: Leveraging long time series for stream metabolism estimation: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 123, no. 2, p. 624-645, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004140.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"645","ipdsId":"IP-089889","costCenters":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jg004140","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appling, Alison P. 0000-0003-3638-8572 aappling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-8572","contributorId":150595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appling","given":"Alison","email":"aappling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Robert O. Jr.","contributorId":145459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert O.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":16121,"text":"Uni. of Wyoming, Department of Zoology and Physiology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arroita, Maite 0000-0001-8754-7604","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-7604","contributorId":203307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arroita","given":"Maite","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36597,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; University of the Basque Country","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196797,"text":"70196797 - 2018 - AMModels: An R package for storing models, data, and metadata to facilitate adaptive management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T15:52:43","indexId":"70196797","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AMModels: An R package for storing models, data, and metadata to facilitate adaptive management","docAbstract":"Agencies are increasingly called upon to implement their natural resource management programs within an adaptive management (AM) framework. This article provides the background and motivation for the R package, AMModels. AMModels was developed under R version 3.2.2. The overall goal of AMModels is simple: To codify knowledge in the form of models and to store it, along with models generated from numerous analyses and datasets that may come our way, so that it can be used or recalled in the future. AMModels facilitates this process by storing all models and datasets in a single object that can be saved to an .RData file and routinely augmented to track changes in knowledge through time. Through this process, AMModels allows the capture, development, sharing, and use of knowledge that may help organizations achieve their mission. While AMModels was designed to facilitate adaptive management, its utility is far more general. Many R packages exist for creating and summarizing models, but to our knowledge, AMModels is the only package dedicated not to the mechanics of analysis but to organizing analysis inputs, analysis outputs, and preserving descriptive metadata. We anticipate that this package will assist users hoping to preserve the key elements of an analysis so they may be more confidently revisited at a later date.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0188966","usgsCitation":"Donovan, T.M., and Katz, J., 2018, AMModels: An R package for storing models, data, and metadata to facilitate adaptive management: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 2, p. 1-57, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188966.","productDescription":"e0188966; 57","startPage":"1","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-081371","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188966","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. 0000-0001-8124-9251 tdonovan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9251","contributorId":204296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Jonathan","contributorId":8370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194062,"text":"fs20173085 - 2018 - Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Domanik-type formations of the Volga-Ural Region Province, Russia, 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T16:24:12","indexId":"fs20173085","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-27T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-3085","title":"Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Domanik-type formations of the Volga-Ural Region Province, Russia, 2017","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous resources of 2.8 billion barrels of oil and 34 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Domanik-type formations of the Volga-Ural Region Province, Russia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173085","usgsCitation":"Klett, T.R., Brownfield, M.E., Finn, T.M., Gaswirth, S.B., Le, P.A., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R., Mercier, T.J., Pitman, J.K., Schenk, C.J., Tennyson, M.E., and Woodall, C.A., 2018, Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Domanik-type formations of the Volga-Ural Region Province, Russia, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3085, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173085.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-091632","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352044,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3085/fs20173085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3085"},{"id":352045,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163082","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3082: ","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Undiscovered Continuous Oil and Gas Resources in the Dnieper-Donets Basin and North Carpathian Basin Provinces, Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, and Poland, 2015"},{"id":352043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3085/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352046,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163083","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3083: ","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Undiscovered Continuous Oil and Shale-Gas Resources in the Bazhenov Formation of the West Siberian Basin Province, Russia, 2016"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Volga-Ural Region Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 41,\n 47\n ],\n [\n 60,\n 47\n ],\n [\n 60,\n 63\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 63\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Digital flood-inundation maps for a 1.9-mile reach of Cedar Creek at Auburn, Indiana (Ind.), from the First Street bridge, downstream to the streamgage at 18th Street, then ending approximately 1,100 feet (ft) downstream of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science web site at https://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on Cedar Creek at 18th Street at Auburn, Ind. (station number 04179520). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, although forecasts of flood hydrographs are not available at this site (ABBI3).
Flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation at the Cedar Creek at 18th Street at Auburn, Ind. streamgage and the documented high-water marks from the flood of March 11, 2009. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to compute seven water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from 7 ft, or near bankfull, to 13 ft, in 1-foot increments. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging [lidar] data having a 0.98-ft vertical accuracy and 4.9-ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
The availability of these maps, along with internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage at Cedar Creek at 18th Street at Auburn, Ind., and stream information from the National Weather Service, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2018, Flood-inundation maps for Cedar Creek at 18th Street at Auburn, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5156, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175156.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-087585","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5156/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5156/sir20175156.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5156"},{"id":351892,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72806GR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial Datasets and Surface-Water Hydraulic Model for Cedar Creek at Auburn, Indiana, Flood-inundation Study "}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Auburn","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.0667,\n 41.34582213380196\n ],\n [\n -85.0417,\n 41.34582213380196\n ],\n [\n -85.0417,\n 41.37057703323999\n ],\n [\n -85.0667,\n 41.37057703323999\n ],\n [\n -85.0667,\n 41.34582213380196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46278-1996
Cost effective and safe highway bridge designs are required to ensure the long-term sustainability of Virginia’s road systems. The streamflows that, over time, scour streambed sediments from bridge piers inherently affect bridge safety and design costs. To ensure safety, bridge design must anticipate streambed scour at bridge piers over the lifespan of a bridge. Until recently Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidance provided only for scour estimates of granular, noncohesive, highly erosive material yielding overestimates of scour potential in instances when streambed materials offer some resistance to scour. This study seeks to estimate stream power and streambed scour for these more resistive sites, with bridge piers potentially established in cohesive soil or erodible rock. This new knowledge may provide significant construction cost savings while ensuring design and construction of safe highway bridges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Austin, S.H., 2018, U.S. Geological Survey - Virginia Department of Transportation: Bridge scour pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3006, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183006. ","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-093051","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3006/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351996,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3006/fs20183006.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3006"}],"contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
The California Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Reclamation propose new water intake facilities on the Sacramento River in northern California that would convey some of the water for export to areas south of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (hereinafter referred to as the Delta) through tunnels rather than through the Delta. The collection of water intakes, tunnels, pumping facilities, associated structures, and proposed operations are collectively referred to as California WaterFix. The water intake facilities, hereinafter referred to as the North Delta Diversion (NDD), are proposed to be located on the Sacramento River downstream of the city of Sacramento and upstream of the first major river junction where Sutter Slough branches from the Sacramento River. The NDD can divert a maximum discharge of 9,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) from the Sacramento River, which reduces the amount of Sacramento River inflow into the Delta.
In this report, we conducted three analyses to investigate the effect of the NDD and its proposed operation on entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel (DCC). Fish that enter the interior Delta (the network of channels to the south of the Sacramento River) through Georgiana Slough and the DCC survive at lower rates than fish that use other migration routes (Sacramento River, Sutter Slough, and Steamboat Slough). Therefore, fisheries managers were concerned about the extent to which operation of the NDD would increase the proportion of the population entering the interior Delta, which, all else being equal, would lower overall survival through the Delta by increasing the fraction of the population subject to lower survival rates. Operation of the NDD would reduce flow in the Sacramento River, which has the potential to increase the magnitude and duration of reverse flows of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough.
In the first analysis, we evaluate the effect of the NDD bypass rules on flow reversals of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough. The NDD bypass rules are a set of operational criteria designed to minimize upstream transport of fish into Georgiana Slough and the DCC, and were developed based on previous studies showing that the magnitude and duration of flow reversals increase the proportion of fish entering Georgiana Slough and the DCC. We estimated the frequency and duration of reverse-flow conditions of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough under each of the prescribed minimum bypass flows described in the NDD bypass rules. To accommodate adaptive levels of protection during different times of year when juvenile salmon are migrating through the Delta, the NDD bypass rules prescribe a series of minimum allowable bypass flows that vary depending on (1) month of the year, and (2) progressively decreasing levels of protection following a pulse flow event.
We determined that the NDD bypass rules increased the frequency and duration of reverse flows of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, with the magnitude of increase varying among scenarios. Constant low-level pumping, the most protective bypass rule that limits diversion to 10 percent of the maximum diversion and is implemented following a pulse-flow event, led to the smallest increase in frequency and duration of flow reversals. In contrast, we found that some scenarios led to sizeable increases in the fraction of the day with reverse flow. The conditions under which the proportion of the day with reverse flow can increase by greater than or equal to 10 percentage points between October and June, when juvenile salmon are present in the Delta, include October–November bypass rules and level-3 post-pulse operations during December–June. These conditions would be expected to increase the proportion of juvenile salmon entering the interior Delta through Georgiana Slough.
In the second analysis, we assessed bias in Delta Simulation Model 2 (DSM2) flow predictions at the junction of the Sacramento River, DCC, and Georgiana Slough. Because DSM2 was being used to simulate California WaterFix operations, understanding the extent of bias relative to USGS streamgages was important since fish routing models were based on flow data at streamgages. We determined that river flow predicted by DSM2 was biased for Georgiana Slough and the Sacramento River. Therefore, for subsequent analysis, we bias-corrected the DSM2 flow predictions using measured stream flows as predictor variables.
In the third analysis, we evaluated the effect of the NDD on the daily probability of fish entering Georgiana Slough and the DCC. We applied an existing model to predict entrainment from 15-minute flow simulations for an 82-year time series of flows simulated by DSM2 under the Proposed Action (PA), where the North Delta Diversion is implemented under California WaterFix, and the No Action Alternative (NAA), where the diversion is not implemented. To estimate the daily fraction of fish entering each river channel, entrainment probabilities were averaged over each day. To evaluate the two scenarios, we then compared mean annual entrainment probabilities by month, water year classification, and three different assumed run timings. Overall, the probability of remaining in the Sacramento River was lower under the PA scenario, but the magnitude of the difference was small (3/s. At flows greater than 41,000 ft3/s, we hypothesize that entrainment into the interior Delta is relatively constant, which would have caused little difference between scenarios at higher flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Romine, J.G., Pope, A.C., and Evans, S.D., 2018, Effects of the proposed California WaterFix North\nDelta Diversion on flow reversals and entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into\nGeorgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report\n2018-1028, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181028.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077416","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352094,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1028/ofr20181028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1028"},{"id":352093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1028/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.53127670288086,\n 38.22449353550286\n ],\n [\n -121.49771690368652,\n 38.22449353550286\n ],\n [\n -121.49771690368652,\n 38.26466948704442\n ],\n [\n -121.53127670288086,\n 38.26466948704442\n ],\n [\n -121.53127670288086,\n 38.22449353550286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
We have produced a uniformly processed database of orientation-independent (RotD50, RotD100) ground motion intensity measurements containing peak horizontal ground motions (accelerations and velocities) and 5-percent-damped pseudospectral accelerations (0.1–10 s) from more than 3,800 M ≥ 3 earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas that occurred between January 2009 and December 2016. Ground motion time series were collected from regional, national, and temporary seismic arrays out to 500 km. We relocated the majority of the earthquake hypocenters using a multiple-event relocation algorithm to produce a set of near-uniformly processed hypocentral locations. Ground motion processing followed standard methods, with the primary objective of reducing the effects of noise on the measurements. Regional wave-propagation features and the high seismicity rate required careful selection of signal windows to ensure that we captured the entire ground motion record and that contaminating signals from extraneous earthquakes did not contribute to the database. Processing was carried out with an automated scheme and resulted in a database comprising more than 174,000 records (https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F73B5X8N). We anticipate that these results will be useful for improved understanding of earthquake ground motions and for seismic hazard applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/101916EQS175DP","usgsCitation":"Rennolet, S.B., Moschetti, M.P., Thompson, E.M., and Yeck, W.L., 2018, A flatfile of ground motion intensity measurements from induced earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas: Earthquake Spectra, v. 34, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1193/101916EQS175DP.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-090009","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma","volume":"34","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee715e4b0da30c1bfc100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rennolet, Steven B.","contributorId":197099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rennolet","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":146592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195684,"text":"70195684 - 2018 - Calculation of voltages in electric power transmission lines during historic geomagnetic storms: An investigation using realistic earth impedances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:58:38","indexId":"70195684","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3456,"text":"Space Weather","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of voltages in electric power transmission lines during historic geomagnetic storms: An investigation using realistic earth impedances","docAbstract":"Commonly, one-dimensional (1-D) Earth impedances have been used to calculate the voltages induced across electric power transmission lines during geomagnetic storms under the assumption that much of the three-dimensional structure of the Earth gets smoothed when integrating along power transmission lines. We calculate the voltage across power transmission lines in the mid-Atlantic region with both regional 1-D impedances and 64 empirical 3-D impedances obtained from a magnetotelluric survey. The use of 3-D impedances produces substantially more spatial variance in the calculated voltages, with the voltages being more than an order of magnitude different, both higher and lower, than the voltages calculated utilizing regional 1-D impedances. During the March 1989 geomagnetic storm 62 transmission lines exceed 100 V when utilizing empirical 3-D impedances, whereas 16 transmission lines exceed 100 V when utilizing regional 1-D impedances. This demonstrates the importance of using realistic impedances to understand and quantify the impact that a geomagnetic storm has on power grids.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017SW001779","usgsCitation":"Lucas, G.M., Love, J.J., and Kelbert, A., 2018, Calculation of voltages in electric power transmission lines during historic geomagnetic storms: An investigation using realistic earth impedances: Space Weather, v. 16, no. 2, p. 185-195, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001779.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"195","ipdsId":"IP-094106","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017sw001779","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80,\n 35.23664622093195\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 35.23664622093195\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 41.30257109430557\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 41.30257109430557\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 35.23664622093195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee715e4b0da30c1bfc0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Greg M. 0000-0003-1331-1863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-1863","contributorId":202808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelbert, Anna 0000-0003-4395-398X akelbert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-398X","contributorId":184053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelbert","given":"Anna","email":"akelbert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195669,"text":"70195669 - 2018 - An analytical framework for estimating aquatic species density from environmental DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T13:45:27","indexId":"70195669","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical framework for estimating aquatic species density from environmental DNA","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis of water samples is on the brink of becoming a standard monitoring method for aquatic species. This method has improved detection rates over conventional survey methods and thus has demonstrated effectiveness for estimation of site occupancy and species distribution. The frontier of eDNA applications, however, is to infer species density. Building upon previous studies, we present and assess a modeling approach that aims at inferring animal density from eDNA. The modeling combines eDNA and animal count data from a subset of sites to estimate species density (and associated uncertainties) at other sites where only eDNA data are available. As a proof of concept, we first perform a cross-validation study using experimental data on carp in mesocosms. In these data, fish densities are known without error, which allows us to test the performance of the method with known data. We then evaluate the model using field data from a study on a stream salamander species to assess the potential of this method to work in natural settings, where density can never be known with absolute certainty. Two alternative distributions (Normal and Negative Binomial) to model variability in eDNA concentration data are assessed. Assessment based on the proof of concept data (carp) revealed that the Negative Binomial model provided much more accurate estimates than the model based on a Normal distribution, likely because eDNA data tend to be overdispersed. Greater imprecision was found when we applied the method to the field data, but the Negative Binomial model still provided useful density estimates. We call for further model development in this direction, as well as further research targeted at sampling design optimization. It will be important to assess these approaches on a broad range of study systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3764","usgsCitation":"Chambert, T., Pilliod, D.S., Goldberg, C.S., Doi, H., and Takahara, T., 2018, An analytical framework for estimating aquatic species density from environmental DNA: Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 6, p. 3468-3477, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3764.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3468","endPage":"3477","ipdsId":"IP-079053","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3764","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee716e4b0da30c1bfc106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambert, Thierry 0000-0002-9450-9080 tchambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-9080","contributorId":191979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambert","given":"Thierry","email":"tchambert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":149254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S.","contributorId":76879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doi, Hideyuki","contributorId":202789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doi","given":"Hideyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36527,"text":"University of Hyogo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takahara, Teruhiko","contributorId":176873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takahara","given":"Teruhiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195674,"text":"70195674 - 2018 - Surrounding land cover types as predictors of palustrine wetland vegetation quality in conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T09:51:12","indexId":"70195674","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surrounding land cover types as predictors of palustrine wetland vegetation quality in conterminous USA","docAbstract":"The loss of wetland habitats and their often-unique biological communities is a major environmental concern. We examined vegetation data obtained from 380 wetlands sampled in a statistical survey of wetlands in the USA. Our goal was to identify which surrounding land cover types best predict two indices of vegetation quality in wetlands at the regional scale. We considered palustrine wetlands in four regions (Coastal Plains, North Central East, Interior Plains, and West) in which the dominant vegetation was emergent, forested, or scrub-shrub. For each wetland, we calculated weighted proportions of eight land cover types surrounding the area in which vegetation was assessed, in four zones radiating from the edge of the assessment area to 2 km. Using Akaike's Information Criterion, we determined the best 1-, 2- and 3-predictor models of the two indices, using the weighted proportions of the land cover types as potential predictors. Mean values of the two indices were generally higher in the North Central East and Coastal Plains than the other regions for forested and emergent wetlands. In nearly all cases, the best predictors of the indices were not the dominant surrounding land cover types. Overall, proportions of forest (positive effect) and agriculture (negative effect) surrounding the assessment area were the best predictors of the two indices. One or both of these variables were included as predictors in 65 of the 72 models supported by the data. Wetlands surrounding the assessment area had a positive effect on the indices, and ranked third (33%) among the predictors included in supported models. Development had a negative effect on the indices and was included in only 28% of supported models. These results can be used to develop regional management plans for wetlands, such as creating forest buffers around wetlands, or to conserve zones between wetlands to increase habitat connectivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.107","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Gara, B., and Schumacher, W., 2018, Surrounding land cover types as predictors of palustrine wetland vegetation quality in conterminous USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 619-620, p. 366-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.107.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"375","ipdsId":"IP-088234","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-75.723662,36.003139],[-75.85147,36.415785],[-76.019261,36.503506],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-75.922344,36.244122],[-75.904999,36.164188],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.676484,36.043612],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.7521,36.147328],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-75.947293,35.959835],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.71294,35.69849],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-75.895045,35.573152],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.60042,35.067867],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.395625,34.975179],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.604796,34.787482],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.038648,35.065045],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-76.726969,34.69669],[-77.169701,34.622023],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.276147,33.912364],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.862814,31.969346],[-81.203572,31.719448],[-81.133493,31.623348],[-81.260076,31.54828],[-81.177254,31.517074],[-81.288403,31.211065],[-81.493651,30.977528],[-81.403409,30.957914],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-81.163581,29.55529],[-80.525094,28.459454],[-80.606874,28.336484],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.127987,25.772245],[-80.154972,25.66549],[-80.197674,25.74437],[-80.296719,25.622195],[-80.31036,25.3731],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.352731,25.822015],[-81.527665,25.901531],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-82.105672,26.48393],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.093023,26.665614],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.175241,26.916867],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.65072,27.523115],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.478063,27.92768],[-82.47244,27.822559],[-82.553946,27.848462],[-82.553918,27.966998],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.720395,27.937199],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.846526,27.854301],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.686423,29.923735],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.358923,30.058224],[-84.349066,29.896812],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.413575,29.85294],[-85.353885,29.684765],[-85.302591,29.808094],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-86.750906,30.391881],[-88.028401,30.221132],[-87.755263,30.277292],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.136173,30.320729],[-88.841328,30.409598],[-89.291444,30.303296],[-89.335942,30.374016],[-89.461275,30.174745],[-89.857558,30.004439],[-89.660568,29.862909],[-89.481926,30.079128],[-89.372375,30.054729],[-89.433411,29.991205],[-89.368019,29.911491],[-89.218071,29.97275],[-89.322289,29.887333],[-89.236298,29.877081],[-89.383789,29.838928],[-89.271034,29.756355],[-89.651237,29.749479],[-89.485367,29.624357],[-89.688141,29.615055],[-89.700501,29.515967],[-89.508551,29.386168],[-89.189354,29.345061],[-89.000674,29.180091],[-89.41148,28.925011],[-89.354798,29.072543],[-89.482844,29.215053],[-89.850305,29.311768],[-89.849642,29.477996],[-90.01251,29.462775],[-90.009678,29.294785],[-90.096038,29.240673],[-89.949925,29.263154],[-90.174273,29.105301],[-90.348768,29.057817],[-90.234235,29.110268],[-90.271251,29.204639],[-90.332796,29.276956],[-90.472489,29.192688],[-90.510555,29.290925],[-90.803699,29.063709],[-90.637495,29.066608],[-90.839345,29.039167],[-90.961278,29.180817],[-91.278792,29.247776],[-91.33275,29.305816],[-91.221166,29.436421],[-91.531021,29.531543],[-91.553537,29.632766],[-91.648941,29.633635],[-91.632829,29.742576],[-91.88075,29.710839],[-91.889118,29.836023],[-92.149349,29.697052],[-91.712002,29.56474],[-91.782387,29.482882],[-92.046316,29.584362],[-92.61627,29.578729],[-93.267456,29.778113],[-94.056506,29.671163],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.779674,29.530533],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.018253,29.554885],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-96.228909,28.580873],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.648758,28.709627],[-96.403973,28.44245],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.775985,28.405809],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.022806,28.107588],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.639094,27.253131],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.295072,26.108342],[-97.216954,25.993838],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.145567,25.971132],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.649176,26.021499],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-99.085126,26.398782],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.512219,27.568094],[-99.841708,27.766464],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-100.293468,28.278475],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-103.115328,28.98527],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-106.207837,31.468188],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.408601,40.443201],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.214213,42.005939],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.401177,42.627192],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.233534,43.55713],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-123.927891,46.009564],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-123.854801,46.157342],[-123.547636,46.265595],[-124.080671,46.267239],[-124.068655,46.634879],[-124.026032,46.462978],[-123.943667,46.477197],[-123.960642,46.636364],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.092176,46.741624],[-124.138225,46.905534],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.122057,47.04165],[-124.180111,46.926357],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.733174,48.163393],[-124.65894,48.331057],[-124.731828,48.381157],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-123.332699,48.11297],[-123.133445,48.177276],[-122.877641,48.047025],[-122.833173,48.134406],[-122.760448,48.14324],[-122.766648,48.04429],[-122.68724,48.101662],[-122.718082,47.987739],[-122.610341,47.887343],[-122.811929,47.679861],[-122.820178,47.835904],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.549072,47.919072],[-122.470333,47.757109],[-122.554454,47.745704],[-122.479089,47.583654],[-122.547521,47.285344],[-122.611464,47.2181],[-122.697378,47.283969],[-122.632463,47.376394],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.641802,47.205013],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.832799,47.243412],[-122.803688,47.355071],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.858735,47.167955],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.547747,47.316403],[-122.4442,47.266723],[-122.324833,47.348521],[-122.421139,47.57602],[-122.339513,47.599113],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.224979,48.016626],[-122.395499,48.228551],[-122.479008,48.175703],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.530996,48.249821],[-122.371693,48.287839],[-122.712322,48.464143],[-122.471832,48.470724],[-122.534719,48.574246],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.535803,48.776128],[-122.673472,48.733082],[-122.821631,48.941369],[-122.75802,49.002357],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.750952,46.890293],[-90.951476,46.597033],[-90.73726,46.692267],[-90.436512,46.561748],[-88.972802,47.002096],[-88.418841,47.371058],[-87.929672,47.478743],[-87.710471,47.4062],[-87.957058,47.38726],[-88.227552,47.199938],[-88.443901,46.972251],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.142807,46.966302],[-88.175197,46.90458],[-87.681561,46.842392],[-87.352448,46.501324],[-87.008724,46.532723],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.698139,46.438624],[-86.678182,46.561039],[-86.586168,46.463324],[-86.161681,46.669475],[-84.989497,46.772403],[-85.015211,46.479712],[-84.551496,46.418522],[-84.128925,46.530119],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.251424,46.175888],[-83.873147,45.993426],[-83.765277,46.018363],[-83.815826,46.108529],[-83.581315,46.089613],[-83.510623,45.929324],[-84.376429,45.931962],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.746985,45.835597],[-85.01399,46.010774],[-85.499422,46.09692],[-85.697203,45.960158],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.616893,45.606796],[-86.718191,45.67732],[-86.541464,45.890234],[-86.78208,45.860195],[-86.964275,45.672761],[-87.031435,45.837238],[-87.600796,45.146842],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.609784,44.838514],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.42344,41.642835],[-87.066033,41.661845],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.297168,42.358207],[-86.208654,42.69209],[-86.254646,43.083409],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.43114,43.815569],[-86.514704,44.057672],[-86.26871,44.345324],[-86.254996,44.691935],[-85.551072,45.210742],[-85.652355,44.849092],[-85.593833,44.768651],[-85.475204,44.991053],[-85.576566,44.760208],[-85.3958,44.931018],[-85.371593,45.270834],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.115479,45.539406],[-84.942636,45.714292],[-85.014509,45.760329],[-84.726192,45.786905],[-84.215268,45.634767],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.265896,45.026844],[-83.454168,45.03188],[-83.274747,44.714893],[-83.332533,44.340464],[-83.53771,44.248171],[-83.58409,44.056748],[-83.877047,43.959351],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.666052,43.591292],[-83.26153,43.973525],[-82.967439,44.066138],[-82.746255,43.996037],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.412965,42.977041],[-82.518782,42.613888],[-82.686417,42.518597],[-82.630851,42.673341],[-82.813518,42.640833],[-82.894013,42.389437],[-83.096521,42.290138],[-83.133511,42.088143],[-83.455626,41.727445],[-82.934369,41.514353],[-82.834101,41.587587],[-82.499099,41.381541],[-82.011966,41.515639],[-81.738755,41.48855],[-81.288892,41.758945],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.551022,43.235763],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.443882,45.235462],[-71.296509,45.29919],[-71.13943,45.242958],[-71.01081,45.34725],[-70.857042,45.22916],[-70.795009,45.428145],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.292736,46.191599],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.043947,47.427634],[-69.050334,47.256621],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.789461,47.062544],[-67.750422,45.917898],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.345585,45.126392],[-67.157919,45.161004],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-67.293403,44.599265],[-67.308538,44.707454],[-67.405492,44.594236],[-67.551133,44.621938],[-67.568159,44.531117],[-67.839896,44.558771],[-67.855108,44.419434],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.117746,44.475038],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.173608,44.328397],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.430946,44.298624],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.565161,44.39907],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.827197,44.31216],[-68.783679,44.473879],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-69.100863,44.104529],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.214205,43.935583],[-69.398455,43.971804],[-69.838689,43.70514],[-69.884066,43.778035],[-70.041351,43.738053],[-70.009869,43.859315],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.196911,43.565146],[-70.361214,43.52919],[-70.810069,42.909549],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.240709,41.619225],[-71.24071,41.474872],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.350057,41.727835],[-71.449318,41.687401],[-71.483295,41.371722],[-72.916827,41.282033],[-73.643478,41.002171],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.186027,40.646076],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-74.096906,39.76303],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.971995,38.94037],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-75.136548,39.179425],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.402035,39.066885],[-75.089473,38.797198],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.195382,38.093582],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.906734,37.114193],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.892686,37.916848],[-75.812913,38.058932],[-75.843862,38.144599],[-75.958786,38.135572],[-75.848473,38.20934],[-75.970514,38.233668],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.032044,38.216684],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.33636,38.492235],[-76.147158,38.63684],[-76.238685,38.735434],[-76.347998,38.686234],[-76.271575,38.851771],[-76.19343,38.821787],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-76.311766,39.035257],[-76.164004,38.99953],[-76.145174,39.092824],[-76.231765,39.018518],[-76.274741,39.164961],[-76.170588,39.331954],[-76.002408,39.367501],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-76.096072,39.536912],[-76.060988,39.447775],[-76.281374,39.304531],[-76.341443,39.354217],[-76.425281,39.205708],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.394358,39.01216],[-76.557535,38.744687],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-76.920778,38.291529],[-77.016371,38.445572],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.263599,38.512344],[-77.12634,38.6177],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.867044,36.550754]],[[-77.038598,38.791513],[-76.910795,38.891712],[-77.040999,38.99511],[-77.1199,38.934311],[-77.038598,38.791513]]],[[[-88.124658,30.28364],[-88.075856,30.246139],[-88.313323,30.230024],[-88.124658,30.28364]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.425483,24.752989],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.81289,24.546468],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-85.097082,29.625215],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-85.156415,29.679628],[-85.077237,29.670862],[-85.222546,29.678039],[-85.156415,29.679628]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.166042,26.489679],[-82.013913,26.452058],[-82.177017,26.471558],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.174544,25.518406],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-88.865067,29.752714],[-88.944435,29.658806],[-88.8312,29.878839],[-88.881454,30.053202],[-88.865067,29.752714]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-68.453236,44.189998],[-68.384903,44.154955],[-68.502096,44.152388],[-68.453236,44.189998]]],[[[-68.680773,44.279242],[-68.605906,44.230772],[-68.675056,44.137131],[-68.680773,44.279242]]],[[[-68.785601,44.053503],[-68.944597,44.11284],[-68.825067,44.186338],[-68.785601,44.053503]]],[[[-68.942826,44.281073],[-68.868444,44.38144],[-68.95189,44.218719],[-68.942826,44.281073]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.418244,48.18037],[-88.968903,47.901675],[-88.899698,47.902445],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-84.612845,45.834528],[-84.35602,45.771895],[-84.484128,45.73071],[-84.612845,45.834528]]],[[[-85.566441,45.760222],[-85.487026,45.621211],[-85.561634,45.572213],[-85.630016,45.598166],[-85.566441,45.760222]]],[[[-88.710719,30.250799],[-88.562067,30.227476],[-88.771991,30.245523],[-88.710719,30.250799]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.458659,35.596597],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.668385,48.223967],[-122.54512,48.05255],[-122.376259,48.034457],[-122.380497,47.904023],[-122.770045,48.224395],[-122.664659,48.401508],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.474684,47.511068],[-122.373628,47.388718],[-122.51885,47.33332],[-122.474684,47.511068]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.803521,48.428748],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-123.203026,48.596178],[-122.987296,48.561895],[-123.048652,48.621002],[-122.894599,48.71503],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.508157,46.956836],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.671581,46.948973],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}\n\n\n","volume":"619-620","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee715e4b0da30c1bfc102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gara, Brian","contributorId":52061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gara","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumacher, William","contributorId":150060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumacher","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17898,"text":"Ohio Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195320,"text":"ofr20181019 - 2018 - Automated remote cameras for monitoring alluvial sandbars on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T10:23:34","indexId":"ofr20181019","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1019","title":"Automated remote cameras for monitoring alluvial sandbars on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Automated camera systems deployed at 43 remote locations along the Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, are used to document sandbar erosion and deposition that are associated with the operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The camera systems, which can operate independently for a year or more, consist of a digital camera triggered by a separate data controller, both of which are powered by an external battery and solar panel. Analysis of images for categorical changes in sandbar size show deposition at 50 percent or more of monitoring sites during controlled flood releases done in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2016. The images also depict erosion of sandbars and show that erosion rates were highest in the first 3 months following each controlled flood. Erosion rates were highest in 2015, the year of highest annual dam release volume. Comparison of the categorical estimates of sandbar change agree with sandbar change (erosion or deposition) measured by topographic surveys in 76 percent of cases evaluated. A semiautomated method for quantifying changes in sandbar area from the remote-camera images by rectifying the oblique images and segmenting the sandbar from the rest of the image is presented. Calculation of sandbar area by this method agrees with sandbar area determined by topographic survey within approximately 8 percent and allows quantification of sandbar area monthly (or more frequently).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Tusso, R.B., and Buscombe, D., 2018, Automated remote cameras for monitoring alluvial sandbars on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1019, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181019.","productDescription":"xi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092323","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352079,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1019/ofr20181019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1019"},{"id":352078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1019/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.42559814453125,\n 35.733136223133926\n ],\n [\n -111.52221679687499,\n 35.733136223133926\n ],\n [\n -111.52221679687499,\n 36.88401445049676\n ],\n [\n -113.42559814453125,\n 36.88401445049676\n ],\n [\n -113.42559814453125,\n 35.733136223133926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"SBSC Staff,
Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
We examine the first four years (2013–2016) of the ongoing seismicity in southern Kansas using high‐precision locations derived from a local seismometer network. The earthquakes occur almost exclusively in the shallow crystalline basement, below the wastewater injection horizon of the Arbuckle Group at the base of the sedimentary section. Multiple lines of evidence lead us to conclude that disposal of wastewater from the production of oil and gas by deep injection is the probable cause for the surge of seismicity that began in 2013. First, the seismicity correlates in space and time with the injection. We observe increases in seismicity subsequent to increases in injection and decreases in seismicity in response to decreases in injection. Second, the earthquake‐rate change is statistically improbable to be of natural origin. From 1974 through the time of the injection increase in 2012, no
This report describes procedures used in the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado, to determine the stable-isotope ratios 13C/12C, 15N/14N, and 34S/32S in solid materials. The procedures use elemental analyzers connected directly to gas-source isotope-ratio mass spectrometers. A different elemental–analyzer–mass-spectrometer system is used for 13C/12C and 15N/14N than is used for 34S/32S to accommodate differences in reagents, catalysts, and instrument settings.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section D: Geologic analysis in Book 5: Laboratory analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5D4","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Stricker, C.A., Gulbransen, C.A., and Emmons, M.P., 2018, Determination of δ13C, δ15N, or δ34S by isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometry using an elemental analyzer: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. D4, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5D4.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083275","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/d4/tm5d4.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.18 MB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 5-D4"},{"id":351338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/d4/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 4 of Section D: Geologic analysis in Book 5: Laboratory analysis.","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 973
Denver, CO 80225
New detrital zircon U-Pb data from the Farewell terrane of interior Alaska illuminate its early provenance evolution and connections with other Alaskan terranes. Five samples come from Neoproterozoic units in the central Farewell terrane. Basal “ferruginous beds” and the overlying Windy Fork Formation have prominent detrital zircon age populations between 2000 and 1800 Ma, with the Windy Fork Formation also having major age peaks between 700 and 600 Ma. Younger (Lone Formation) samples yield grains mainly between 750 and 550 Ma, with fewer older Proterozoic grains. Eleven samples come from deep-water early Paleozoic rocks (southeastern Farewell terrane). Ordovician sandstone (Post River Formation) has a major age population at ca. 490 Ma and subordinate 785–550 Ma populations that overlap age peaks in the Lone Formation. Turbidites in the overlying Terra Cotta Mountains Sandstone (Silurian) yield distinctly different spectra, with major ca. 450–420 Ma age populations and numerous grains between 2000 and 900 Ma. Devonian Barren Ridge Limestone samples have spectra like those of the Terra Cotta Mountains Sandstone, plus some Early Devonian grains. The Silurian shift in detrital zircon age spectra coincides with a major influx of siliciclastic sediment suggestive of a tectonic (collisional?) event involving the Farewell terrane. Neoproterozoic through Devonian successions in the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka and Alexander terranes show a similar up-section shift in detrital zircon spectra, supporting links between these terranes and the Farewell terrane during the early Paleozoic. Detrital zircon ages from the White Mountains and Livengood terranes, adjacent to the northern Farewell terrane, include major early Paleozoic populations that overlap those seen in partly coeval Farewell strata.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01470.1","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Jones, J.V., Bradley, D., Till, A.B., Box, S.E., and O’Sullivan, P.B., 2018, Neoproterozoic–early Paleozoic provenance evolution of sedimentary rocks in and adjacent to the Farewell terrane (interior Alaska): Geosphere, v. 14, no. 2, p. 367-394, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01470.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-093382","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01470.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PV6JKZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb Isotopic Data and Ages of Detrital Zircon Grains and Graptolite Fossil Data from Selected Rocks from the Western Alaska Range, Livengood area, and Seward Peninsula, Alaska - 2018"},{"id":358811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"14","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10aa07e4b034bf6a7e55cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Till, Alison B. 0000-0002-6640-6877 atill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-6877","contributorId":210053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":193544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70122872,"text":"sir20145168 - 2018 - Spatially distributed groundwater recharge estimated using a water-budget model for the Island of Maui, Hawai`i, 1978–2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T07:23:44","indexId":"sir20145168","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5168","title":"Spatially distributed groundwater recharge estimated using a water-budget model for the Island of Maui, Hawai`i, 1978–2007","docAbstract":"Demand for freshwater on the Island of Maui is expected to grow. To evaluate the availability of fresh groundwater, estimates of groundwater recharge are needed. A water-budget model with a daily computation interval was developed and used to estimate the spatial distribution of recharge on Maui for average climate conditions (1978–2007 rainfall and 2010 land cover) and for drought conditions (1998–2002 rainfall and 2010 land cover). For average climate conditions, mean annual recharge for Maui is about 1,309 million gallons per day, or about 44 percent of precipitation (rainfall and fog interception). Recharge for average climate conditions is about 39 percent of total water inflow consisting of precipitation, irrigation, septic leachate, and seepage from reservoirs and cesspools. Most recharge occurs on the wet, windward slopes of Haleakalā and on the wet, uplands of West Maui Mountain. Dry, coastal areas generally have low recharge. In the dry isthmus, however, irrigated fields have greater recharge than nearby unirrigated areas. For drought conditions, mean annual recharge for Maui is about 1,010 million gallons per day, which is 23 percent less than recharge for average climate conditions. For individual aquifer-system areas used for groundwater management, recharge for drought conditions is about 8 to 51 percent less than recharge for average climate conditions. The spatial distribution of rainfall is the primary factor determining spatially distributed recharge estimates for most areas on Maui. In wet areas, recharge estimates are also sensitive to water-budget parameters that are related to runoff, fog interception, and forest-canopy evaporation. In dry areas, recharge estimates are most sensitive to irrigated crop areas and parameters related to evapotranspiration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Maui Department of Water Supply and the State of Hawai‘i Commission on Water Resource Management","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A.G., Engott, J.A., Bassiouni, Maoya, and Rotzoll, Kolja, 2018, Spatially distributed groundwater recharge estimated using a water-budget model for the Island of Maui, Hawai`i, 1978–2007 (ver. 2.0, February 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5168, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145168.","productDescription":"Report: v, 53 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"64","ipdsId":"IP-036379","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5168/pdf/sir20145168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2014-5168"},{"id":351915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5168/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351918,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/get/5a0f91bee4b09af898d09be6","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Maui, Hawaii, for average climate conditions, 1978-2007 rainfall and 2010 land cover (version 2.0)"},{"id":351917,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5168/sir20145168_versionhist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2014-5168"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.73507690429688,\n 20.56208154725951\n ],\n [\n -155.972900390625,\n 20.56208154725951\n ],\n [\n -155.972900390625,\n 21.042209507614245\n ],\n [\n -156.73507690429688,\n 21.042209507614245\n ],\n [\n -156.73507690429688,\n 20.56208154725951\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 14, 2014; Version 2.0: February 26, 2018","contact":"Director,
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818