{"pageNumber":"882","pageRowStart":"22025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70000293,"text":"70000293 - 2008 - The decline of winter monsoon velocity in the South China Sea through the 20th century: Evidence from the Sr/Ca records in corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000293","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The decline of winter monsoon velocity in the South China Sea through the 20th century: Evidence from the Sr/Ca records in corals","docAbstract":"A modern massive Porites coral was collected from the Longwan Bay (19??20???N, 110??39???E) on the east coast of the Hainan Island, China. The coral was sectioned vertical to the growth axis into discs of double density-bands representing annual growth. The samples were analyzed for the Sr/Ca ratio by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The history of winter sea-surface temperature (SST) is reconstructed using the Sr/Ca ratio in winter bands of corals. The winter SST at Xisha in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS) is weakly correlated with the instrument-measured winter monsoon velocity (WMV) with a correlation coefficient of 0.19. The winter SST data from corals at Longwan Bay, Hainan, in the northern SCS are moderately correlated with the WMV (r = 0.40). Interestingly we found that the difference of winter SSTs between the two sites (Xisha and Longwan Bay, Hainan) (the X-H index) is significantly negatively correlated with the WMV (r = - 0.73). This negative correlation may be related to the intrusion of the warm Kuroshio Current into the SCS through the Luzon Strait promoted by the strong northeastern monsoon winds in the winter. Using the relationship between our coralline data and observed WMV, the calculated winter monsoon velocity (WMVc) was obtained for 87??years. This data set in combination with the instrument-measured data between 1993 and 1998 generate a record of WMVc for a period of 93??years from 1906 to 1998. The WMVc in the 20th century shows significant interannual and decadal variability with a trend of persistent decline in the whole 20th century at the rate of decrease of - 0.02 (m/s)/a. The lowest wind velocity occurred during the last two decades of the 20th century. The WMVc has decreased significantly by about 30% from the early to the late of 20th century. The 20th century decline of winter monsoon velocity evidenced from the SCS coral records is consistent with the atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) simulations for monsoon response to increasing temperatures. In addition, an obvious decline shift of WMV around 1976 can be seen in both instrumental and proxy records and it coincides with many other Pacific records. This shift is likely to correspond to a Pacific-wide change in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation occurring at the same time. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.05.003","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Liu, Y., Peng, Z., Chen, T., Wei, G., Sun, W., Sun, R., He, J., Liu, G., Chou, C.L., and Zartman, R., 2008, The decline of winter monsoon velocity in the South China Sea through the 20th century: Evidence from the Sr/Ca records in corals: Global and Planetary Change, v. 63, no. 1, p. 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.05.003.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.05.003"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66880d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Yajing","contributorId":16553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yajing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, T.","contributorId":107836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, G.","contributorId":105415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sun, W.","contributorId":69692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sun, R.","contributorId":10137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, J.","contributorId":95993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70000219,"text":"70000219 - 2008 - Calibrating and testing a gap model for simulating forest management in the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000219","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibrating and testing a gap model for simulating forest management in the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"The complex mix of economic and ecological objectives facing today's forest managers necessitates the development of growth models with a capacity for simulating a wide range of forest conditions while producing outputs useful for economic analyses. We calibrated the gap model ZELIG to simulate stand-level forest development in the Oregon Coast Range as part of a landscape-scale assessment of different forest management strategies. Our goal was to incorporate the predictive ability of an empirical model with the flexibility of a forest succession model. We emphasized the development of commercial-aged stands of Douglas-fir, the dominant tree species in the study area and primary source of timber. In addition, we judged that the ecological approach of ZELIG would be robust to the variety of other forest conditions and practices encountered in the Coast Range, including mixed-species stands, small-scale gap formation, innovative silvicultural methods, and reserve areas where forests grow unmanaged for long periods of time. We parameterized the model to distinguish forest development among two ecoregions, three forest types and two site productivity classes using three data sources: chronosequences of forest inventory data, long-term research data, and simulations from an empirical growth-and-yield model. The calibrated model was tested with independent, long-term measurements from 11 Douglas-fir plots (6 unthinned, 5 thinned), 3 spruce-hemlock plots, and 1 red alder plot. ZELIG closely approximated developmental trajectories of basal area and large trees in the Douglas-fir plots. Differences between simulated and observed conifer basal area for these plots ranged from -2.6 to 2.4 m2/ha; differences in the number of trees/ha ???50 cm dbh ranged from -8.8 to 7.3 tph. Achieving these results required the use of a diameter-growth multiplier, suggesting some underlying constraints on tree growth such as the temperature response function. ZELIG also tended to overestimate regeneration of shade-tolerant trees and underestimate total tree density (i.e., higher rates of tree mortality). However, comparisons with the chronosequences of forest inventory data indicated that the simulated data are within the range of variability observed in the Coast Range. Further exploration and improvement of ZELIG is warranted in three key areas: (1) modeling rapid rates of conifer tree growth without the need for a diameter-growth multiplier; (2) understanding and remedying rates of tree mortality that were higher than those observed in the independent data; and (3) improving the tree regeneration module to account for competition with understory vegetation. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.046","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Pabst, R., Goslin, M., Garman, S., and Spies, T., 2008, Calibrating and testing a gap model for simulating forest management in the Oregon Coast Range: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 256, no. 5, p. 958-972, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.046.","startPage":"958","endPage":"972","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18727,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.046"}],"volume":"256","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pabst, R.J.","contributorId":82435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goslin, M.N.","contributorId":107404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goslin","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garman, S.L.","contributorId":17203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spies, T.A.","contributorId":81224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000295,"text":"70000295 - 2008 - Restoration of Circum-Arctic Upper Jurassic source rock paleolatitude based on crude oil geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000295","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration of Circum-Arctic Upper Jurassic source rock paleolatitude based on crude oil geochemistry","docAbstract":"Tectonic geochemical paleolatitude (TGP) models were developed to predict the paleolatitude of petroleum source rock from the geochemical composition of crude oil. The results validate studies designed to reconstruct ancient source rock depositional environments using oil chemistry and tectonic reconstruction of paleogeography from coordinates of the present day collection site. TGP models can also be used to corroborate tectonic paleolatitude in cases where the predicted paleogeography conflicts with the depositional setting predicted by the oil chemistry, or to predict paleolatitude when the present day collection locality is far removed from the source rock, as might occur due to long distance subsurface migration or transport of tarballs by ocean currents. Biomarker and stable carbon isotope ratios were measured for 496 crude oil samples inferred to originate from Upper Jurassic source rock in West Siberia, the North Sea and offshore Labrador. First, a unique, multi-tiered chemometric (multivariate statistics) decision tree was used to classify these samples into seven oil families and infer the type of organic matter, lithology and depositional environment of each organofacies of source rock [Peters, K.E., Ramos, L.S., Zumberge, J.E., Valin, Z.C., Scotese, C.R., Gautier, D.L., 2007. Circum-Arctic petroleum systems identified using decision-tree chemometrics. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 91, 877-913]. Second, present day geographic locations for each sample were used to restore the tectonic paleolatitude of the source rock during Late Jurassic time (???150 Ma). Third, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to construct linear TGP models that relate tectonic and geochemical paleolatitude, where the latter is based on 19 source-related biomarker and isotope ratios for each oil family. The TGP models were calibrated using 70% of the samples in each family and the remaining 30% of samples were used for model validation. Positive relationships exist between tectonic and geochemical paleolatitude for each family. Standard error of prediction for geochemical paleolatitude ranges from 0.9?? to 2.6?? of tectonic paleolatitude, which translates to a relative standard error of prediction in the range 1.5-4.8%. The results suggest that the observed effect of source rock paleolatitude on crude oil composition is caused by (i) stable carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthetic fixation of carbon and (ii) species diversity at different latitudes during Late Jurassic time. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.01.016","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Ramos, L., Zumberge, J., Valin, Z., and Scotese, C., 2008, Restoration of Circum-Arctic Upper Jurassic source rock paleolatitude based on crude oil geochemistry: Organic Geochemistry, v. 39, no. 8, p. 1189-1196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.01.016.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1196","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.01.016"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramos, L.S.","contributorId":47503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J.E.","contributorId":37867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valin, Z. C. 0000-0001-6199-6700","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":75165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scotese, C.R.","contributorId":16138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotese","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000298,"text":"70000298 - 2008 - Mapping regional distribution of a single tree species: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000298","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping regional distribution of a single tree species: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Moderate resolution satellite imagery traditionally has been thought to be inadequate for mapping vegetation at the species level. This has made comprehensive mapping of regional distributions of sensitive species, such as whitebark pine, either impractical or extremely time consuming. We sought to determine whether using a combination of moderate resolution satellite imagery (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), extensive stand data collected by land management agencies for other purposes, and modern statistical classification techniques (boosted classification trees) could result in successful mapping of whitebark pine. Overall classification accuracies exceeded 90%, with similar individual class accuracies. Accuracies on a localized basis varied based on elevation. Accuracies also varied among administrative units, although we were not able to determine whether these differences related to inherent spatial variations or differences in the quality of available reference data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sensors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3390/s8084983","issn":"14248220","usgsCitation":"Landenburger, L., Lawrence, R., Podruzny, S., and Schwartz, C., 2008, Mapping regional distribution of a single tree species: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Sensors, v. 8, no. 8, p. 4983-4994, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8084983.","startPage":"4983","endPage":"4994","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476492,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8084983","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18771,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s8084983"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64980f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landenburger, L.","contributorId":108237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landenburger","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, R.L.","contributorId":88315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Podruzny, S.","contributorId":106624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000191,"text":"70000191 - 2008 - Identity and physiology of a new psychrophilic eukaryotic green alga, Chlorella sp., strain BI, isolated from a transitory pond near Bratina Island, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000191","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1615,"text":"Extremophiles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identity and physiology of a new psychrophilic eukaryotic green alga, Chlorella sp., strain BI, isolated from a transitory pond near Bratina Island, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Permanently low temperature environments are one of the most abundant microbial habitats on earth. As in most ecosystems, photosynthetic organisms drive primary production in low temperature food webs. Many of these phototrophic microorganisms are psychrophilic; however, functioning of the photosynthetic processes of these enigmatic psychrophiles (the 'photopsychrophiles') in cold environments is not well understood. Here we describe a new chlorophyte isolated from a low temperature pond, on the Ross Ice Shelf near Bratina Island, Antarctica. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses place this strain in the Chlorella clade, and we have named this new chlorophyte Chlorella BI. Chlorella BI is a psychrophilic species, exhibiting optimum temperature for growth at around 10??C. However, psychrophily in the Antarctic Chlorella was not linked to high levels of membrane-associated poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Unlike the model Antarctic lake alga, Chlamydomonas raudensis UWO241, Chlorella BI has retained the ability for dynamic short term adjustment of light energy distribution between photosystem II (PS II) and photosystem I (PS I). In addition, Chlorella BI can grow under a variety of trophic modes, including heterotrophic growth in the dark. Thus, this newly isolated photopsychrophile has retained a higher versatility in response to environmental change than other well studied cold-adapted chlorophytes. ?? 2008 Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Extremophiles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00792-008-0176-4","issn":"14310651","usgsCitation":"Morgan-Kiss, R.M., Ivanov, A., Modla, S., Czymmek, K., Huner, N., Priscu, J., Lisle, J., and Hanson, T., 2008, Identity and physiology of a new psychrophilic eukaryotic green alga, Chlorella sp., strain BI, isolated from a transitory pond near Bratina Island, Antarctica: Extremophiles, v. 12, no. 5, p. 701-711, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0176-4.","startPage":"701","endPage":"711","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0176-4"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan-Kiss, R. M.","contributorId":32660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan-Kiss","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivanov, A.G.","contributorId":14937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Modla, S.","contributorId":102991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modla","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czymmek, K.","contributorId":70098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czymmek","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huner, N.P.A.","contributorId":7820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huner","given":"N.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Priscu, J.C.","contributorId":66396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priscu","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lisle, J.T. 0000-0002-5447-2092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":16965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanson, T.E.","contributorId":91607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000306,"text":"70000306 - 2008 - Coherent changes in relative C4 plant productivity and climate during the late Quaternary in the North American Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:00:50","indexId":"70000306","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coherent changes in relative C4 plant productivity and climate during the late Quaternary in the North American Great Plains","docAbstract":"Evolution of the mixed and shortgrass prairie of the North American Great Plains is poorly understood because of limited proxies available for environmental interpretations. Buried soils in the Great Plains provide a solution to the problem because they are widespread both spatially and temporally with their organic reservoirs serving as a link to the plants than once grew on them. Through stable carbon isotopic analysis of soil organic carbon (??13C), the percent carbon from C4 plants (%C4) can be ascertained. Because C4 plants are primarily warm season grasses responding positively to summer temperature, their representation has the added advantage of serving as a climate indicator. To better understand grassland and climate dynamics in the Great Plains during the last 12 ka (ka=1000 radiocarbon years) we developed an isotopic standardization technique by: determining the difference in buried soil ??13C and modern soil ??13C expected for that latitude (????13C), and transferring the ????13C to ??%C4 (% C4) using mass balance calculations. Our analysis reveals two isotopic stages in the mixed and shortgrass prairie of the Great Plains based on trends in ??%C4. In response to orbital forcing mechanisms, ??%C4 was persistently below modern in the Great Plains between 12 and 6.7 ka (isotopic stage II) evidently because of the cooling effect of the Laurentide ice sheet and proglacial lakes in northern latitudes, and glacial meltwater pulses cooling the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic Ocean. The ??%C4 after 6.7 ka (isotopic stage I) increased to modern levels as conditioned by the outflow of warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and dry incursions from the west that produced periodic drought. At the millennial-scale, time series analysis demonstrates that ??%C4 oscillated with 0.6 and 1.8 ka periodicities, possibly governed by variations in solar irradiance. Our buried soil isotopic record correlates well with other environmental proxy from the Great Plains and surrounding regions. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.05.008","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Nordt, L., Von Fischer, J., Tieszen, L., and Tubbs, J., 2008, Coherent changes in relative C4 plant productivity and climate during the late Quaternary in the North American Great Plains: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 27, no. 15-16, p. 1600-1611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.05.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1600","endPage":"1611","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.05.008"}],"volume":"27","issue":"15-16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordt, L.","contributorId":65207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordt","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Von Fischer, J.","contributorId":77277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Fischer","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.","contributorId":22887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tubbs, J.","contributorId":81226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tubbs","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000221,"text":"70000221 - 2008 - Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:38:05","indexId":"70000221","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets","docAbstract":"Satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data have been used extensively to detect and monitor vegetation conditions at regional and global levels. A combination of NDVI data sets derived from AVHRR and MODIS can be used to construct a long NDVI time series that may also be extended to VIIRS. Comparative analysis of NDVI data derived from AVHRR and MODIS is critical to understanding the data continuity through the time series. In this study, the AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI products were compared using regression and agreement analysis methods. The analysis shows a high agreement between the AVHRR-NDVI and MODIS-NDVI observed from 2002 and 2003 for the conterminous United States, but the difference between the two data sets is appreciable. Twenty per cent of the total difference between the two data sets is due to systematic difference, with the remainder due to unsystematic difference. The systematic difference can be eliminated with a linear regression-based transformation between two data sets, and the unsystematic difference can be reduced partially by applying spatial filters to the data. We conclude that the continuity of NDVI time series from AVHRR to MODIS is satisfactory, but a linear transformation between the two sets is recommended.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160801927194","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Gallo, K.P., Eidenshink, J.C., and Dwyer, J.L., 2008, Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 29, no. 16, p. 4839-4861, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160801927194.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"4839","endPage":"4861","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160801927194"}],"volume":"29","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":345142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000308,"text":"70000308 - 2008 - Complex faulting associated with the 22 December 2003 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.5 San Simeon California, earthquake, aftershocks and postseismic surface deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T15:47:01","indexId":"70000308","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex faulting associated with the 22 December 2003 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.5 San Simeon California, earthquake, aftershocks and postseismic surface deformation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use data from two seismic networks and satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery to characterize the 22 December 2003 </span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;6.5 San Simeon earthquake sequence. Absolute locations for the mainshock and nearly 10,000 aftershocks were determined using a new three-dimensional (3D) seismic velocity model; relative locations were obtained using double difference. The mainshock location found using the 3D velocity model is 35.704°&nbsp;N, 121.096°&nbsp;W at a depth of 9.7±0.7 km. The aftershocks concentrate at the northwest and southeast parts of the aftershock zone, between the mapped traces of the Oceanic and Nacimiento fault zones. The northwest end of the mainshock rupture, as defined by the aftershocks, projects from the mainshock hypocenter to the surface a few kilometers west of the mapped trace of the Oceanic fault, near the Santa Lucia Range front and the &gt;5 mm postseismic InSAR imagery contour. The Oceanic fault in this area, as mapped by </span><span id=\"xref-ref-14-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Hall (1991)</span><span>, is therefore probably a second-order synthetic thrust or reverse fault that splays upward from the main seismogenic fault at depth. The southeast end of the rupture projects closer to the mapped Oceanic fault trace, suggesting much of the slip was along this fault, or at a minimum is accommodating much of the postseismic deformation. InSAR imagery shows ∼72 mm of postseismic uplift in the vicinity of maximum coseismic slip in the central section of the rupture, and ∼48 and ∼45 mm at the northwest and southeast end of the aftershock zone, respectively. From these observations, we model a ∼30-km-long northwest-trending northeast-dipping mainshock rupture surface—called the mainthrust—which is likely the Oceanic fault at depth, a ∼10-km-long southwest-dipping backthrust parallel to the mainthrust near the hypocenter, several smaller southwest-dipping structures in the southeast, and perhaps additional northeast-dipping or subvertical structures southeast of the mainshock plane. Discontinuous backthrust features opposite the mainthrust in the southeast part of the aftershock zone may offset the relic Nacimiento fault zone at depth. The InSAR data image surface deformation associated with both aseismic slip and aftershock production on the mainthrust and the backthrusts at the northwest and southeast ends of the aftershock zone. The well-defined mainthrust at the latitude of the epicenter and antithetic backthrust illuminated by the aftershock zone indicate uplift of the Santa Lucia Range as a popup block; aftershocks in the southeast part of the zone also indicate a popup block, but it is less well defined. The absence of backthrust features in the central part of the zone suggests range-front uplift by fault-propagation folding, or backthrusts in the central part were not activated during the mainshock.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120070088","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McLaren, M.K., Hardebeck, J.L., van der Elst, N., Unruh, J.R., Bawden, G.W., and Blair, J.L., 2008, Complex faulting associated with the 22 December 2003 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.5 San Simeon California, earthquake, aftershocks and postseismic surface deformation: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 1659-1680, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070088.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1680","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaren, Marcia K.","contributorId":139042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaren","given":"Marcia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12624,"text":"PG&E","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van der Elst, Nicholas 0000-0002-3812-1153 nvanderelst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-1153","contributorId":147858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Elst","given":"Nicholas","email":"nvanderelst@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unruh, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":12122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blair, J. Luke 0000-0002-6980-6446 lblair@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-6446","contributorId":4146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J.","email":"lblair@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Luke","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70000246,"text":"70000246 - 2008 - Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:18:10","indexId":"70000246","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development","docAbstract":"Since 1980, the number of undernourished people in eastern and southern Africa has more than doubled. Rural development stalled and rural poverty expanded during the 1990s. Population growth remains very high, and declining per-capita agricultural capacity retards progress toward Millennium Development goals. Analyses of in situ station data and satellite observations of precipitation have identified another problematic trend: main growing-season rainfall receipts have diminished by ???15% in food-insecure countries clustered along the western rim of the Indian Ocean. Occurring during the main growing seasons in poor countries dependent on rain-fed agriculture, these declines are societally dangerous. Will they persist or intensify? Tracing moisture deficits upstream to an anthropogenically warming Indian Ocean leads us to conclude that further rainfall declines are likely. We present analyses suggesting that warming in the central Indian Ocean disrupts onshore moisture transports, reducing continental rainfall. Thus, late 20th-century anthropogenic Indian Ocean warming has probably already produced societally dangerous climate change by creating drought and social disruption in some of the world's most fragile food economies. We quantify the potential impacts of the observed precipitation and agricultural capacity trends by modeling 'millions of undernourished people' as a function of rainfall, population, cultivated area, seed, and fertilizer use. Persistence of current tendencies may result in a 50% increase in undernourished people by 2030. On the other hand, modest increases in per-capita agricultural productivity could more than offset the observed precipitation declines. Investing in agricultural development can help mitigate climate change while decreasing rural poverty and vulnerability. ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0708196105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., Dettinger, M., Michaelsen, J.C., Verdin, J.P., Brown, M.E., Barlow, M., and Hoell, A., 2008, Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 32, p. 11081-11086, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708196105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11081","endPage":"11086","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476480,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2497460","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708196105"}],"volume":"105","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd49c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris C. 0000-0002-9254-6718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":62142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Molly E.","contributorId":62490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barlow, Mathew","contributorId":145834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barlow","given":"Mathew","affiliations":[{"id":16250,"text":"University of Massechusetts, Lowell","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000190,"text":"70000190 - 2008 - Modeling the effect of toe clipping on treefrog survival: Beyond the return rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T23:01:14","indexId":"70000190","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effect of toe clipping on treefrog survival: Beyond the return rate","docAbstract":"<p><span>Some studies have described a negative effect of toe clipping on return rates of marked anurans, but the return rate is limited in that it does not account for heterogeneity of capture probabilities. We used open population mark-recapture models to estimate both apparent survival (</span><i>ϕ</i><span>) and the recapture probability (</span><i>p</i><span>) of two treefrog species individually marked by clipping 2–4 toes. We used information-theoretic model selection to examine the effect of toe clipping on survival while accounting for variation in capture probability. The model selection results indicate strong support for an effect of toe clipping on survival of Green Treefrogs (</span><i>Hyla cinerea</i><span>) and only limited support for an effect of toe clipping on capture probability. We estimate there was a mean absolute decrease in survival of 5.02% and 11.16% for Green Treefrogs with three and four toes removed, respectively, compared to individuals with just two toes removed. Results for Squirrel Treefrogs (</span><i>Hyla squirella</i><span>) indicate little support for an effect of toe clipping on survival but may indicate some support for a negative effect on capture probability. We believe that the return rate alone should not be used to examine survival of marked animals because constant capture probability must be assumed, and our examples demonstrate how capture probability may vary over time and among groups. Mark-recapture models provide a method for estimating the effect of toe clipping on anuran survival in situations where unique marks are applied.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/07-265.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Waddle, J., Rice, K., Mazzotti, F., and Percival, H., 2008, Modeling the effect of toe clipping on treefrog survival: Beyond the return rate: Journal of Herpetology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 467-473, https://doi.org/10.1670/07-265.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"473","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, J.H. 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":32654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, K.G. 0000-0001-8282-1088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":41949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000185,"text":"70000185 - 2008 - 50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T10:37:44","indexId":"70000185","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Sixty packrat middens were collected in Canyonlands and Grand Canyon National Parks, and these series include sites north of areas that produced previous detailed series from the Colorado Plateau. The exceptionally long time series obtained from each of three sites (&gt;&nbsp;48,000 <sup>14</sup>C yr BP to present) include some of the oldest middens yet discovered. Most middens contain a typical late-Wisconsinan glaciation mixture of mesic and xeric taxa, evidence that plant species responded to climate change by range adjustments of elevational distribution based on individual criteria. Differences in elevational range from today for trees and shrubs ranged from no apparent change to as much as 1200&nbsp;m difference. The oldest middens from Canyonlands NP, however, differ in containing strictly xeric assemblages, including middens incorporating needles of Arizona single-leaf pinyon, far north of its current distribution. Similar-aged middens from the eastern end of Grand Canyon NP contain plants more typical of glacial climates, but also contain fossils of one-seed juniper near its current northern limit in Arizona. Holocene middens reveal the development of modern vegetation assemblages on the Colorado Plateau, recording departures of mesic taxa from low elevation sites, and the arrival of modern dominant components much later.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Coats, L.L., Cole, K.L., and Mead, J.I., 2008, 50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 70, no. 2, p. 322-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands Park, Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.69775390625,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.69775390625,\n              36.90597988519294\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.51123046875,\n              36.90597988519294\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.51123046875,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.69775390625,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.2642822265625,\n              37.88569271818349\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.2642822265625,\n              38.4514377951069\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.47601318359375,\n              38.4514377951069\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.47601318359375,\n              37.88569271818349\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.2642822265625,\n              37.88569271818349\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554200ace4b0a658d793b285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coats, Larry L.","contributorId":72504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mead, Jim I.","contributorId":87067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mead","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000176,"text":"70000176 - 2008 - Modified method for external attachment of transmitters to birds using two subcutaneous anchors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:29:26","indexId":"70000176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modified method for external attachment of transmitters to birds using two subcutaneous anchors","docAbstract":"<p><span>Of the transmitter attachment techniques for birds, the subcutaneous anchor provides a secure attachment that yields relatively few secondary effects. However, the use of subcutaneous anchors has been limited by transmitter size and retention time. Using a modified method of attachment that utilized two subcutaneous anchors, we deployed 69 GPS transmitters, plus 13 VHF transmitters that were similar in size and weight to GPS models, on Pacific Black Brant (</span><i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i><span>). Prior to our study, only harnesses were used for attaching GPS transmitters on birds, mainly because GPS transmitters are too large for other external attachment techniques and implantation in the body cavity attenuates the GPS signal. Thus, to increase the size capacity of anchor attachment and to avoid the well‐documented negative effects of harnesses on behavior and survival, we added a second anchor at the transmitter's posterior end. The double‐anchor attachment technique was quickly and easily accomplished in the field, requiring bird handling times of &lt;10 min. Incidental recoveries of tagged Brant indicate a high degree of transmitter retention. Five recaptured birds (4–6 weeks after deployment) and eight killed by hunters (3–6 mo after deployment) retained their GPS transmitters. For studies involving the use of relatively large transmitters, the double‐anchor method appears to provide a viable alternative for external attachment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00180.x","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., and Flint, P.L., 2008, Modified method for external attachment of transmitters to birds using two subcutaneous anchors: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 336-341, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00180.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"336","endPage":"341","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00180.x"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699287","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler 0000-0002-4998-3031 tlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3031","contributorId":169307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler","email":"tlewis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000241,"text":"70000241 - 2008 - Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000241","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"We provide textural, geochemical, and mineralogical data on a thin, silty deposit that unconformably mantles glaciated uplands in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Previous research on this deposit, which we hypothesize to be loess, is nonexistent. The uplands were islands or narrow peninsulas within one or more glacial lakes. We compare the distribution, likely source and nature of the 20-60??cm thick silty mantle by using the loess formation model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223-236], which focuses on the generation of eolian silt by saltating sand across upwind, barren surfaces. Parabolic dunes, with arms open to the NW, are common on former lake floors upwind of the silt-mantled uplands, attesting to the strength and direction of paleowinds. The abrupt termination of the dunes at the footslopes of the uplands, associated with silt deposition on upland soil surfaces in downwind locations, are both consistent with the model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223-236]. Sediments on former lake floors contain abundant strata of fine/medium sand and silt, and thus are likely sources for the silt and dune sand. The cap, dune and lake sediments are similar along many different geochemical axes, whereas the substrate sediment, i.e., the drift below the cap, is unique. Cap sediments, normally containing roughly 30% silt, are enriched in quartz and depleted in Ti and Zr, relative to dune sediment. The dune sediment, a more residual eolian deposit, is enriched in Ti and Zr, relative to the cap, probably due to its greater abundance of heavy minerals. Therefore, we conclude that the silty cap is loess that was deflated from abandoned lake floors after nearby glacial lakes drained, probably contemporaneously with dune migration across the former lake floors. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Schaetzl, R., and Loope, W., 2008, Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA: Geomorphology, v. 100, no. 3-4, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaetzl, R.J.","contributorId":80807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaetzl","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, W.L.","contributorId":22280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000174,"text":"70000174 - 2008 - Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000174","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species","docAbstract":"Predicting suitable habitat and the potential distribution of invasive species is a high priority for resource managers and systems ecologists. Most models are designed to identify habitat characteristics that define the ecological niche of a species with little consideration to individual species' traits. We tested five commonly used modelling methods on two invasive plant species, the habitat generalist Bromus tectorum and habitat specialist Tamarix chinensis, to compare model performances, evaluate predictability, and relate results to distribution traits associated with each species. Most of the tested models performed similarly for each species; however, the generalist species proved to be more difficult to predict than the specialist species. The highest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values with independent validation data sets of B. tectorum and T. chinensis was 0.503 and 0.885, respectively. Similarly, a confusion matrix for B. tectorum had the highest overall accuracy of 55%, while the overall accuracy for T. chinensis was 85%. Models for the generalist species had varying performances, poor evaluations, and inconsistent results. This may be a result of a generalist's capability to persist in a wide range of environmental conditions that are not easily defined by the data, independent variables or model design. Models for the specialist species had consistently strong performances, high evaluations, and similar results among different model applications. This is likely a consequence of the specialist's requirement for explicit environmental resources and ecological barriers that are easily defined by predictive models. Although defining new invaders as generalist or specialist species can be challenging, model performances and evaluations may provide valuable information on a species' potential invasiveness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Evangelista, P., Kumar, S., Stohlgren, T., Jarnevich, C., Crall, A., Norman, J.B., and Barnett, D., 2008, Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species: Diversity and Distributions, v. 14, no. 5, p. 808-817, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x.","startPage":"808","endPage":"817","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476494,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18708,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69972e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evangelista, P.H.","contributorId":31708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crall, A.W.","contributorId":75873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crall","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norman, J. B. III","contributorId":31511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnett, D.T.","contributorId":99504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000003,"text":"70000003 - 2008 - Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000003","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean","docAbstract":"Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February-March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5-5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 ('plume') and S > 33.0 ('ocean'). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between 'plume' and 'ocean') were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into 'plume' and 'ocean' using two criteria: (1) 'plume' included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in 'plume' exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between 'plume' and 'ocean' was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.012","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nezlin, N., DiGiacomo, P., Diehl, D., Jones, B., Johnson, S., Mengel, M., Reifel, K., Warrick, J., and Wang, M., 2008, Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 80, no. 1, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.012.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.012"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nezlin, N.P.","contributorId":77644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nezlin","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo, P.M.","contributorId":39501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diehl, D.W.","contributorId":48291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, B.H.","contributorId":96810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, S.C.","contributorId":93008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mengel, M.J.","contributorId":21267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reifel, K.M.","contributorId":49327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifel","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wang, M.","contributorId":98810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70000135,"text":"70000135 - 2008 - DDE in sediments of the Palos Verdes shelf, California: In situ transformation rates and geochemical fate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000135","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE in sediments of the Palos Verdes shelf, California: In situ transformation rates and geochemical fate","docAbstract":"From 1947 to 1971 the world's largest manufacturer of DDT discharged process wastes into the sewers of Los Angeles County. Roughly 870-1450 t of DDT were released to the ocean off Palos Verdes, CA, a portion of which (???100 t) resides in sediments on the continental shelf and slope. The most abundant DDT compound in the sediments, p,p???-DDE, is degrading by reductive dechlorination, butthe rate of transformation and factors controlling it are not well understood. In order to estimate in situ transformation rates and predict the long-term fate of p,p???-DDE, box cores were collected in 1992 and 2003 from a single location on the Palos Verdes Shelf and analyzed for 8 DDT compounds and 84 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The PCBs show no evidence of dechlorination, and inventories did not change between 1992 and 2003. By contrast, the inventory of p,p???-DDE decreased by 43%, whereas that of p,p???-DDMU, the putative reductive dechlorination product increased by 34%. The first-order transformation rate for p,p???-DDE at the study site is 0.051 ?? 0.006 yr-1. A multistep reaction model suggests that inventories of p,p???-DDE and p,p???-DDMU will continue to decline, whereas that of p,p???-DDNU will reach a maximum around 2014.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es7029619","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., and Pontolillo, J., 2008, DDE in sediments of the Palos Verdes shelf, California: In situ transformation rates and geochemical fate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 17, p. 6392-6398, https://doi.org/10.1021/es7029619.","startPage":"6392","endPage":"6398","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18686,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es7029619"}],"volume":"42","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pontolillo, J.","contributorId":43376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontolillo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000134,"text":"70000134 - 2008 - Species traits influence the genetic consequences of river fragmentation on two co-occurring redhorse (Moxostoma) species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000134","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species traits influence the genetic consequences of river fragmentation on two co-occurring redhorse (Moxostoma) species","docAbstract":"We used microsatellite DNA markers to test whether fragmentation of the Trent River (Ontario, Canada) has reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation among populations of river redhorse (Moxostoma carinatum) and shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum). Allelic richness of both species was significantly greater along the free-flowing Muskegon River (Michigan, USA) than along the fragmented Trent River. Contrary to expectations, there was no evidence of a fragment length effect on genetic diversity, recent population bottlenecks, or increased relatedness among individuals in fragmented populations. High levels of linkage disequilibrium indicate extinction-recolonization population dynamics along the Trent River. For both species, pairwise FST tests identified weak but statistically significant population differentiation. In the Trent River, differentiation was significantly greater for river redhorse than for shorthead redhorse and, for both species, greater than in the Muskegon River. Moderate fragmentation effects likely reflect the permeability of the dam-lock system to redhorse movement. Differences between species indicate that as a result of smaller effective population sizes, habitat specialists and species at the periphery of their geographic range are more sensitive to river fragmentation. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-093","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Reid, S., Wilson, C., Carl, L., and Zorn, T., 2008, Species traits influence the genetic consequences of river fragmentation on two co-occurring redhorse (Moxostoma) species: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 9, p. 1892-1904, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-093.","startPage":"1892","endPage":"1904","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18685,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-093"}],"volume":"65","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbbaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, S.M.","contributorId":61550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C.C.","contributorId":102987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carl, L.M.","contributorId":22478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carl","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zorn, T.G.","contributorId":11316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zorn","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000125,"text":"70000125 - 2008 - Anomalous cold in the Pangaean tropics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000125","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous cold in the Pangaean tropics","docAbstract":"The late Paleozoic archives the greatest glaciation of the Phanerozoic. Whereas high-latitude Gondwanan strata preserve widespread evidence for continental ice, the Permo-Carboniferous tropics have long been considered analogous to today's: warm and shielded from the highlatitude cold. Here, we report on glacial and periglacial indicators that record episodes of freezing continental temperatures in western equatorial Pangaea. An exhumed glacial valley and associated deposits record direct evidence for glaciation that extended to low paleoelevations in the ancestral Rocky Mountains. Furthermore, the Permo-Carboniferous archives the only known occurrence of widespread tropical loess in Earth's history; the volume, chemistry, and provenance of this loess(ite) is most consistent with glacial derivation. Together with emerging indicators for cold elsewhere in low-latitude Pangaea, these results suggest that tropical climate was not buffered from the high latitudes and may record glacial-interglacial climate shifts of very large magnitude. Coupled climate-ice sheet model simulations demonstrate that low atmospheric CO2 and solar luminosity alone cannot account for such cold, and that other factors must be considered in attempting to explain this 'best-known' analogue to our present Earth. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G24822A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Soreghan, G., Soreghan, M.J., Poulsen, C., Young, R., Eble, C., Sweet, D., and Davogustto, O., 2008, Anomalous cold in the Pangaean tropics: Geology, v. 36, no. 8, p. 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24822A.1.","startPage":"659","endPage":"662","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G24822A.1"}],"volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b6bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soreghan, G.S.","contributorId":30735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soreghan","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soreghan, M. J.","contributorId":40331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soreghan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulsen, C.J.","contributorId":52698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulsen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, R.A.","contributorId":87567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sweet, D.E.","contributorId":95995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davogustto, O.C.","contributorId":48685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davogustto","given":"O.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000124,"text":"70000124 - 2008 - Two-phase Neogene extension in the northwestern basin and range recorded in a single thermochronology sample","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000124","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-phase Neogene extension in the northwestern basin and range recorded in a single thermochronology sample","docAbstract":"We use a combination of apatite 4He/3He, (U-Th)/ He, and fission-track thermochronology to date slip on the Surprise Valley fault in northeastern California by analyzing a single sample from the Warner Range in the footwall of the fault. This sample, a granitic clast from a conglomerate, yielded a fission-track age of 11.6 ?? 2.8 Ma and a (U-Th)/He age of 3.02 ?? 0.52 Ma. Geologic relationships indicate that this sample was buried to a depth of ???3.3 km prior to exhumation during slip on the Surprise Valley fault. Fission-track age and length data indicate that the sample was fully reset (&gt;120 ??C) prior to exhumation, which began sometime after 14 Ma. A single aliquot of nine apatite grains was step-heated for 4He/3He analysis; modeling of the resulting 4He distribution indicates that cooling from <80 ??C to ???20 ??C occurred between 3 and 1 Ma. Interconsistent time-temperature (t-T) solutions to the combined 4He/3He, (U-Th)/He, and fission-track data require two distinct periods of cooling, consistent with non-continuous slip on the Surprise Valley fault. Early cooling and fault slip took place between 14 and 8 Ma, followed by more recent fault slip ca. 3 Ma. This timing is consistent with both local geologic relationships and with the regional timing of faulting along the western margin of the Basin and Range Province. These data demonstrate the resolving power of combined fission-track, (U-Th)/He, and 4He/3He thermochronometric data to extract low-temperature t-T information from a single sample close to Earth's surface. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G24897A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J., Shuster, D., and Reiners, P., 2008, Two-phase Neogene extension in the northwestern basin and range recorded in a single thermochronology sample: Geology, v. 36, no. 8, p. 631-634, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24897A.1.","startPage":"631","endPage":"634","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G24897A.1"}],"volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3ee4b07f02db61f8ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, J.P.","contributorId":71678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuster, D.L.","contributorId":14096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuster","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiners, P.W.","contributorId":34241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiners","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000118,"text":"70000118 - 2008 - Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000118","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey","docAbstract":"The influences of wave climate and sediment supply on the depths of sand-mud transitions (hSMT) are investigated. Depths of sand-mud transitions (SMT) are based on published granulometric data from surface samples gathered from 14 sites in different wave-dominated coastal environments with fluvial input, including high energy (Columbia, Eel, Russian, San Lorenzo, Copper, and Nepean rivers), moderate energy (Ebro, Nile, Santa Clara, Tseng-wen and Kao-ping rivers), and low energy (Po, Pescara and Tronto rivers) regimes. Geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mud percent are compiled from samples along shore-normal transects, and significant correlation is found between these two textural descriptors. Nominally, the SMT is defined as the transition from GMD > 63????m to < 63????m. The correlation between mud percent and GMD permits an alternative, complementary definition of the SMT as the transition from < 25% mud to > 25% mud. This dual definition is applied to the 14 systems, and hSMT is tabulated for each system. Correlation is found between hSMT and the depth at which wave-induced bottom shear stress equals the critical erosion shear stress of the largest mud particles and also between hSMT and significant wave height. Lack of correlation between hSMT and sediment load of nearby rivers indicates either that the influence of sediment supply on depth of the sand-mud transition is small or is not adequately represented in this study. Shelf width and slope do not correlate with residuals from a formalized linear relationship between hSMT and significant wave height. The relationship between hSMT and wave climate is useful for calibration of numerical models of erosion and deposition in wave-dominated coastal environments, for prediction of seabed properties in remote or inaccessible areas, and for reconstruction of paleodepth based on facies changes from sand to mud in ancient rocks. ?? 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.005","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"George, D., and Hill, P., 2008, Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey: Marine Geology, v. 254, no. 3-4, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.005.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.005"}],"volume":"254","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.A.","contributorId":43897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, P.S.","contributorId":48683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000107,"text":"70000107 - 2008 - Monitoring waterbird abundance in wetlands: The importance of controlling results for variation in water depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000107","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring waterbird abundance in wetlands: The importance of controlling results for variation in water depth","docAbstract":"Wetland use by waterbirds is highly dependent on water depth, and depth requirements generally vary among species. Furthermore, water depth within wetlands often varies greatly over time due to unpredictable hydrological events, making comparisons of waterbird abundance among wetlands difficult as effects of habitat variables and water depth are confounded. Species-specific relationships between bird abundance and water depth necessarily are non-linear; thus, we developed a methodology to correct waterbird abundance for variation in water depth, based on the non-parametric regression of these two variables. Accordingly, we used the difference between observed and predicted abundances from non-parametric regression (analogous to parametric residuals) as an estimate of bird abundance at equivalent water depths. We scaled this difference to levels of observed and predicted abundances using the formula: ((observed - predicted abundance)/(observed + predicted abundance)) ?? 100. This estimate also corresponds to the observed:predicted abundance ratio, which allows easy interpretation of results. We illustrated this methodology using two hypothetical species that differed in water depth and wetland preferences. Comparisons of wetlands, using both observed and relative corrected abundances, indicated that relative corrected abundance adequately separates the effect of water depth from the effect of wetlands. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.007","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Bolduc, F., and Afton, A., 2008, Monitoring waterbird abundance in wetlands: The importance of controlling results for variation in water depth: Ecological Modelling, v. 216, no. 3-4, p. 402-408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.007.","startPage":"402","endPage":"408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.007"}],"volume":"216","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolduc, F.","contributorId":76444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolduc","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000097,"text":"70000097 - 2008 - Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000097","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing","docAbstract":"In the mountainous Rio Icacos watershed in northeastern Puerto Rico, quartz diorite bedrock weathers spheroidally, producing a 0.2-2 m thick zone of partially weathered rock layers (???2.5 cm thickness each) called rindlets, which form concentric layers around corestones. Spheroidal fracturing has been modeled to occur when a weathering reaction with a positive ??V of reaction builds up elastic strain energy. The rates of spheroidal fracturing and saprolite formation are therefore controlled by the rate of the weathering reaction. Chemical, petrographic, and spectroscopic evidence demonstrates that biotite oxidation is the most likely fracture-inducing reaction. This reaction occurs with an expansion in d (0 0 1) from 10.0 to 10.5 A??, forming 'altered biotite'. Progressive biotite oxidation across the rindlet zone was inferred from thin sections and gradients in K and Fe(II). Using the gradient in Fe(II) and constraints based on cosmogenic age dates, we calculated a biotite oxidation reaction rate of 8.2 ?? 10-14 mol biotite m-2 s-1. Biotite oxidation was documented within the bedrock corestone by synchrotron X-ray microprobe fluorescence imaging and XANES. X-ray microprobe images of Fe(II) and Fe(III) at 2 ??m resolution revealed that oxidized zones within individual biotite crystals are the first evidence of alteration of the otherwise unaltered corestone. Fluids entering along fractures lead to the dissolution of plagioclase within the rindlet zone. Within 7 cm surrounding the rindlet-saprolite interface, hornblende dissolves to completion at a rate of 6.3 ?? 10-13 mol hornblende m-2 s-1: the fastest reported rate of hornblende weathering in the field. This rate is consistent with laboratory-derived hornblende dissolution rates. By revealing the coupling of these mineral weathering reactions to fracturing and porosity formation we are able to describe the process by which the quartz diorite bedrock disaggregates and forms saprolite. In the corestone, biotite oxidation induces spheroidal fracturing, facilitating the influx of fluids that react with other minerals, dissolving plagioclase and chlorite, creating additional porosity, and eventually dissolving hornblende and precipitating secondary minerals. The thickness of the resultant saprolite is maintained at steady state by a positive feedback between the denudation rate and the weathering advance rate driven by the concentration of pore water O2 at the bedrock-saprolite interface. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.020","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Buss, H., Sak, P., Webb, S., and Brantley, S., 2008, Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 18, p. 4488-4507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.020.","startPage":"4488","endPage":"4507","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476500,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/5e41a6d9-f6e0-4b28-9e73-44d11a9bd782","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18669,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.020"}],"volume":"72","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buss, H.L.","contributorId":13726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sak, P.B.","contributorId":81519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sak","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, S.M.","contributorId":12959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000096,"text":"70000096 - 2008 - Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:06:15","indexId":"70000096","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimation of forest cover change is important for boreal forests, one of the most extensive forested biomes, due to its unique role in global timber stock, carbon sequestration and deposition, and high vulnerability to the effects of global climate change. We used time-series data from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to produce annual forest cover loss hotspot maps. These maps were used to assign all blocks (18.5 by 18.5&nbsp;km) partitioning the boreal biome into strata of high, medium and low likelihood of forest cover loss. A stratified random sample of 118 blocks was interpreted for forest cover and forest cover loss using high spatial resolution Landsat imagery from 2000 and 2005. Area of forest cover gross loss from 2000 to 2005 within the boreal biome is estimated to be 1.63% (standard error 0.10%) of the total biome area, and represents a 4.02% reduction in year 2000 forest cover. The proportion of identified forest cover loss relative to regional forest area is much higher in North America than in Eurasia (5.63% to 3.00%). Of the total forest cover loss identified, 58.9% is attributable to wildfires. The MODIS pan-boreal change hotspot estimates reveal significant increases in forest cover loss due to wildfires in 2002 and 2003, with 2003 being the peak year of loss within the 5-year study period. Overall, the precision of the aggregate forest cover loss estimates derived from the Landsat data and the value of the MODIS-derived map displaying the spatial and temporal patterns of forest loss demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol for operational, cost-effective, and timely biome-wide monitoring of gross forest cover loss.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.006","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Potapov, P., Hansen, M.C., Stehman, S., Loveland, T., and Pittman, K., 2008, Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 9, p. 3708-3719, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3708","endPage":"3719","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potapov, P.","contributorId":39921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapov","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Matthew C.","contributorId":192036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pittman, K.","contributorId":9384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000006,"text":"70000006 - 2008 - Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisited using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000006","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisited using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf","docAbstract":"Certain details regarding the origin and evolution of shelf sand ridges remain elusive. Knowledge of their internal stratigraphy and microfossil distribution is necessary to define the origin and to determine the processes that modify sand ridges. Fourteen vibracores from False Cape Shoal A, a well-developed shoreface-attached sand ridge on the Virginia/North Carolina inner continental shelf, were examined to document the internal stratigraphy and benthic foraminiferal assemblages, as well as to reconstruct the depositional environments recorded in down-core sediments. Seven sedimentary and foraminiferal facies correspond to the following stratigraphic units: fossiliferous silt, barren sand, clay to sandy clay, laminated and bioturbated sand, poorly sorted massive sand, fine clean sand, and poorly sorted clay to gravel. The units represent a Pleistocene estuary and shoreface, a Holocene estuary, ebb tidal delta, modern shelf, modern shoreface, and swale fill, respectively. The succession of depositional environments reflects a Pleistocene sea-level highstand and subsequent regression followed by the Holocene transgression in which barrier island/spit systems formed along the Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf ???5.2 ka and migrated landward and an ebb tidal delta that was deposited, reworked, and covered by shelf sand.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2008.06.002","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M., and McBride, R., 2008, Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisited using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 28, no. 17, p. 2428-2441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.06.002.","startPage":"2428","endPage":"2441","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.06.002"},{"id":203678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, R.A.","contributorId":13257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000057,"text":"70000057 - 2008 - Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000057","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","docAbstract":"The Reservoir Sedimentation Survey Information System (RESIS) is one of the world's most comprehensive databases of reservoir sedimentation rates, comprising nearly 6000 surveys for 1819 reservoirs across the continental United States. Sediment surveys in the database date from 1904 to 1999, though more than 95% of surveys were entered prior to 1980, making RESIS largely a historical database. The use of this database for large-scale studies has been limited by the lack of precise coordinates for the reservoirs. Many of the reservoirs are relatively small structures and do not appear on current USGS topographic maps. Others have been renamed or have only approximate (i.e. township and range) coordinates. This paper presents a method scripted in ESRI's ARC Macro Language (AML) to locate the reservoirs on digital elevation models using information available in RESIS. The script also delineates the contributing watersheds and compiles several hydrologically important parameters for each reservoir. Evaluation of the method indicates that, for watersheds larger than 5 km2, the correct outlet is identified over 80% of the time. The importance of identifying the watershed outlet correctly depends on the application. Our intent is to collect spatial data for watersheds across the continental United States and describe the land use, soils, and topography for each reservoir's watershed. Because of local landscape similarity in these properties, we show that choosing the incorrect watershed does not necessarily mean that the watershed characteristics will be misrepresented. We present a measure termed terrain complexity and examine its relationship to geolocation success rate and its influence on the similarity of nearby watersheds. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Mixon, D., Kinner, D., Stallard, R., and Syvitski, J., 2008, Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1184-1197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015"}],"volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a872b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mixon, D.M.","contributorId":85702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinner, D.A.","contributorId":99265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Syvitski, J.P.M.","contributorId":91222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syvitski","given":"J.P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}