The Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex comprises >200,000 km2 of 5-15 km thick turbiditic sediments. Although surrounded by several magmatic and orogenic belts, the Triassic high- and ultrahigh-pressure Qinling-Tongbai-Hong'an-Dabie (QTHD) orogen, located several hundred kilometers to the east, was proposed as its major source. Middle to Late Triassic samples from the northern and southern Songpan-Ganzi complex, studied using detrital white mica 40Ar/39Ar ages, Si-in-white mica content, and detrital zircon U/Pb ages, suggest that the northern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem obtained detritus from the north: the north China block, east Kunlun, northern Qaidam, Qilian, and western Qinling; the southern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem was supplied from the northeasterly located Paleozoic QTHD area throughout the Ladinian and received detritus from the Triassic Hong'an-Dabie orogen during the Carnian, indicative of exhumation of the orogen at that time. The QTHD orogen fed the Norian samples in the southeastern southern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem, signifying long drainage channels along the western margin of the south China block. An additional supply from the Emeishan magmatic province and/or the Yidun arc is suggested by the paucity of white mica in the southern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem. Mica ages of Rhaetian sediments from the northwestern Sichuan basin best correlate with those of the Triassic QTHD orogen. Our Si-in-white mica data demonstrate that the high- and ultrahigh-pressure rocks of the Hong'an-Dabie Shan were not exposed in the Middle to Late Triassic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006TC002078","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Enkelmann, E., Weislogel, A., Ratschbacher, L., Eide, E., Renno, A., and Wooden, J., 2007, How was the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi basin filled? A provenance study: Tectonics, v. 26, no. 4, TC4007, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006TC002078.","productDescription":"TC4007, 24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477078,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006tc002078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a326be4b0c8380cd5e7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enkelmann, E.","contributorId":27256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enkelmann","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weislogel, A.","contributorId":7081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weislogel","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ratschbacher, L.","contributorId":49154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratschbacher","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eide, E.","contributorId":60848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eide","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Renno, A.","contributorId":79287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renno","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooden, J.","contributorId":21736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031569,"text":"70031569 - 2007 - Time-optimum packet scheduling for many-to-one routing in wireless sensor networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031569","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Time-optimum packet scheduling for many-to-one routing in wireless sensor networks","docAbstract":"This paper studies the WSN application scenario with periodical traffic from all sensors to a sink. We present a time-optimum and energy-efficient packet scheduling algorithm and its distributed implementation. We first give a general many-to-one packet scheduling algorithm for wireless networks, and then prove that it is time-optimum and costs max(2N(u1) - 1, N(u 0) -1) time slots, assuming each node reports one unit of data in each round. Here N(u0) is the total number of sensors, while N(u 1) denotes the number of sensors in a sink's largest branch subtree. With a few adjustments, we then show that our algorithm also achieves time-optimum scheduling in heterogeneous scenarios, where each sensor reports a heterogeneous amount of data in each round. Then we give a distributed implementation to let each node calculate its duty-cycle locally and maximize efficiency globally. In this packet scheduling algorithm, each node goes to sleep whenever it is not transceiving, so that the energy waste of idle listening is also eliminated. Finally, simulations are conducted to evaluate network performance using the Qualnet simulator. Among other contributions, our study also identifies the maximum reporting frequency that a deployed sensor network can handle. ??2006 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems, MASS","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Sysetems, MASS","conferenceDate":"9 October 2006 through 12 October 2006","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/MOBHOC.2006.278656","isbn":"1424405076; 9781424405077","usgsCitation":"Song, W., Yuan, F., and LaHuser, R., 2007, Time-optimum packet scheduling for many-to-one routing in wireless sensor networks, in 2006 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems, MASS, Vancouver, BC, 9 October 2006 through 12 October 2006, p. 81-90, https://doi.org/10.1109/MOBHOC.2006.278656.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MOBHOC.2006.278656"},{"id":239632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3d4e4b08c986b325ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, W.-Z.","contributorId":23334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuan, F.","contributorId":104287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaHuser, R.","contributorId":80900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHuser","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031572,"text":"70031572 - 2007 - Linking ground-water age and chemistry data along flow paths: Implications for trends and transformations of nitrate and pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T15:48:13","indexId":"70031572","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking ground-water age and chemistry data along flow paths: Implications for trends and transformations of nitrate and pesticides","docAbstract":"Tracer-based ground-water ages, along with the concentrations of pesticides, nitrogen species, and other redox-active constituents, were used to evaluate the trends and transformations of agricultural chemicals along flow paths in diverse hydrogeologic settings. A range of conditions affecting the transformation of nitrate and pesticides (e.g., thickness of unsaturated zone, redox conditions) was examined at study sites in Georgia, North Carolina, Wisconsin, and California. Deethylatrazine (DEA), a transformation product of atrazine, was typically present at concentrations higher than those of atrazine at study sites with thick unsaturated zones but not at sites with thin unsaturated zones. Furthermore, the fraction of atrazine plus DEA that was present as DEA did not increase as a function of ground-water age. These findings suggest that atrazine degradation occurs primarily in the unsaturated zone with little or no degradation in the saturated zone. Similar observations were also made for metolachlor and alachlor. The fraction of the initial nitrate concentration found as excess N2 (N2 derived from denitrification) increased with ground-water age only at the North Carolina site, where oxic conditions were generally limited to the top 5??m of saturated thickness. Historical trends in fluxes to ground water were evaluated by relating the times of recharge of ground-water samples, estimated using chlorofluorocarbon concentrations, with concentrations of the parent compound at the time of recharge, estimated by summing the molar concentrations of the parent compound and its transformation products in the age-dated sample. Using this approach, nitrate concentrations were estimated to have increased markedly from 1960 to the present at all study sites. Trends in concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, and their degradates were related to the timing of introduction and use of these compounds. Degradates, and to a lesser extent parent compounds, were detected in ground water dating back to the time these compounds were introduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.007","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Saad, D.A., Burow, K., Frick, E.A., Puckett, L., and Barbash, J., 2007, Linking ground-water age and chemistry data along flow paths: Implications for trends and transformations of nitrate and pesticides: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 94, no. 1-2, p. 139-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.007.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"155","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.007"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d3e4b0c8380cd679e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, A. J.","contributorId":99127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burow, K.R. 0000-0001-6006-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":48283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frick, E. A.","contributorId":61840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Puckett, L.J.","contributorId":27503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031591,"text":"70031591 - 2007 - Using topographic lidar data to delineate the North Carolina Shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:58:37","indexId":"70031591","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using topographic lidar data to delineate the North Carolina Shoreline","docAbstract":"In North Carolina, shoreline change rates are an important component of the state's coastal management program. To enhance methods of measuring shoreline change, the NC Division of Coastal Management (DCM) is considering using mean high water (MHW) shorelines extracted from lidar data together with traditional wet/dry shorelines digitized from aerial photography. To test their compatibility, a wet/dry line and MHW shoreline derived from a concurrent 2004 oceanfront photography and lidar dataset were compared along a distance of 244 km. Results show that the MHW shoreline was seaward of the wet/dry shoreline by 2.82 m on average, and that this offset biased shoreline change rates by an average of 0.05 m/yr. The offset was greatest on low-sloping beaches experiencing higher water levels at the time of photography, but overall was small enough to suggest that the MHW shoreline can be a reliable substitute for the wet/dry shoreline.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)144","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Limber, P., List, J., Warren, J.D., Farris, A., and Weber, K., 2007, Using topographic lidar data to delineate the North Carolina Shoreline, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 1837-1850, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)144.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1837","endPage":"1850","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.6749,33.841 ], [ -78.6749,36.5882 ], [ -75.46,36.5882 ], [ -75.46,33.841 ], [ -78.6749,33.841 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0bae4b08c986b32a2b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limber, Patrick W.","contributorId":38904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limber","given":"Patrick W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":21869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farris, Amy S.","contributorId":28075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Amy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, Kathryn M.","contributorId":83387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031033,"text":"70031033 - 2007 - Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031033","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England","docAbstract":"Effective management of introduced species requires the early identification of species that pose a significant threat of becoming invasive. To better understand the invasive ecology of species in New England, USA, we compiled a character data set with which to compare non-native species that are known invaders to non-native species that are not currently known to be invasive. In contrast to previous biological trait-based models, we employed a Bayesian hierarchical analysis to identify sets of plant traits associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms (vines, shrubs, and trees). The resulting models identify a suite of 'invasive traits' highlighting the ecology associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms. The most effective predictors of invasiveness that emerged from our model were 'invasive elsewhere', 'fast growth rate', 'native latitudinal range', and 'growth form'. The contrast among growth forms was pronounced. For example, 'wind dispersal' was positively correlated with invasiveness in trees, but negatively correlated in shrubs and vines. The predictive model was able to correctly classify invasive plants 67% of the time (22/33), and non-invasive plants 95% of the time (204/215). A number of potential future invasive species in New England that deserve management consideration were identified. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Herron, P., Martine, C., Latimer, A., and Leicht-Young, S.A., 2007, Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England: Diversity and Distributions, v. 13, no. 5, p. 633-644, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x.","startPage":"633","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477238,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x"},{"id":238709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e24e4b0c8380cd63b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herron, P.M.","contributorId":17040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herron","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martine, C.T.","contributorId":20542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martine","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Latimer, A.M.","contributorId":24167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latimer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leicht-Young, S. A.","contributorId":41648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031038,"text":"70031038 - 2007 - Integrating laboratory creep compaction data with numerical fault models: A Bayesian framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:24:12.666509","indexId":"70031038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating laboratory creep compaction data with numerical fault models: A Bayesian framework","docAbstract":"[1] We developed a robust Bayesian inversion scheme to plan and analyze laboratory creep compaction experiments. We chose a simple creep law that features the main parameters of interest when trying to identify rate-controlling mechanisms from experimental data. By integrating the chosen creep law or an approximation thereof, one can use all the data, either simultaneously or in overlapping subsets, thus making more complete use of the experiment data and propagating statistical variations in the data through to the final rate constants. Despite the nonlinearity of the problem, with this technique one can retrieve accurate estimates of both the stress exponent and the activation energy, even when the porosity time series data are noisy. Whereas adding observation points and/or experiments reduces the uncertainty on all parameters, enlarging the range of temperature or effective stress significantly reduces the covariance between stress exponent and activation energy. We apply this methodology to hydrothermal creep compaction data on quartz to obtain a quantitative, semiempirical law for fault zone compaction in the interseismic period. Incorporating this law into a simple direct rupture model, we find marginal distributions of the time to failure that are robust with respect to errors in the initial fault zone porosity.
Flexible time budgets allow individual animals to buffer the effects of variable food availability by allocating more time to foraging when food density decreases. This trait should be especially important for marine predators that forage on patchy and ephemeral food resources. We examined flexible time allocation by a long-lived marine predator, the Common Murre (Uria aalge), using data collected in a five-year study at three colonies in Alaska (USA) with contrasting environmental conditions. Annual hydroacoustic surveys revealed an order-of-magnitude variation in food density among the 15 colony-years of study. We used data on parental time budgets and local prey density to test predictions from two hypotheses: Hypothesis A, the colony attendance of seabirds varies nonlinearly with food density; and Hypothesis B, flexible time allocation of parent murres buffers chicks against variable food availability. Hypothesis A was supported; colony attendance by murres was positively correlated with food over a limited range of poor-to-moderate food densities, but independent of food over a broader range of higher densities. This is the first empirical evidence for a nonlinear response of a marine predator's time budget to changes in prey density. Predictions from Hypothesis B were largely supported: (1) chick-feeding rates were fairly constant over a wide range of densities and only dropped below 3.5 meals per day at the low end of prey density, and (2) there was a nonlinear relationship between chick-feeding rates and time spent at the colony, with chick-feeding rates only declining after time at the colony by the nonbrooding parent was reduced to a minimum. The ability of parents to adjust their foraging time by more than 2 h/d explains why they were able to maintain chick-feeding rates of more than 3.5 meals/d across a 10-fold range in local food density. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/06-1695.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Harding, A., Piatt, J.F., Schmutz, J.A., Shultz, M., van Pelt, T.I., Kettle, A.B., and Speckman, S., 2007, Prey density and the behavioral flexibility of a marine predator: The common murre (Uria aalge): Ecology, v. 88, no. 8, p. 2024-2033, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1695.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1695.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b7ce4b0c8380cd7e275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harding, A.M.A.","contributorId":29088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shultz, M.T.","contributorId":62006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031836,"text":"70031836 - 2007 - Pumping-induced drawdown and stream depletion in a leaky aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031836","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumping-induced drawdown and stream depletion in a leaky aquifer system","docAbstract":"The impact of ground water pumping on nearby streams is often estimated using analytic models of the interconnected stream-aquifer system. A common assumption of these models is that the pumped aquifer is underlain by an impermeable formation. A new semianalytic solution for drawdown and stream depletion has been developed that does not require this assumption. This solution shows that pumping-induced flow (leakage) through an underlying aquitard can be an important recharge mechanism in many stream-aquifer systems. The relative importance of this source of recharge increases with the distance between the pumping well and the stream. The distance at which leakage becomes the primary component of the pumping-induced recharge depends on the specific properties of the aquifer, aquitard, and streambed. Even when the aquitard is orders of magnitude less transmissive than the aquifer, leakage can be an important recharge mechanism because of the large surface area over which it occurs. Failure to consider aquitard leakage can lead to large overestimations of both the drawdown produced by pumping and the contribution of stream depletion to the pumping-induced recharge. The ramifications for water resources management and water rights adjudication can be significant. A hypothetical example helps illustrate these points and demonstrates that more attention should be given to estimating the properties of aquitards underlying stream-aquifer systems. The solution presented here should serve as a relatively simple but versatile tool for practical assessments of pumping-induced stream-aquifer interactions. However, this solution should not be used for such assessments without site-specific data that indicate pumping has induced leakage through the aquitard. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00272.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., Zhan, X., and Zlotnik, V., 2007, Pumping-induced drawdown and stream depletion in a leaky aquifer system: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 2, p. 178-186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00272.x.","startPage":"178","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487033,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/275","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00272.x"},{"id":242813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9038e4b0c8380cd7fbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zlotnik, V.A.","contributorId":102660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030946,"text":"70030946 - 2007 - River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030946","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River is characterized by a series of locks and dams, shallow impoundments, and thousands of river channelization structures that facilitate commercial navigation between Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Cairo, Illinois. Agriculture and urban development over the past 200 years have degraded water quality and increased the rate of sediment and nutrient delivery to surface waters. River enhancement has become an important management tool employed to address causes and effects of surface water degradation and river modification in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. We report information on individual river enhancement projects and contrast project densities, goals, activities, monitoring, and cost between commercially non-navigated and navigated rivers (Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers, respectively). The total number of river enhancement projects collected during this effort was 62,108. Cost of all projects reporting spending between 1972 and 2006 was about US$1.6 billion. Water quality management was the most cited project goal within the basin. Other important goals in Navigated Rivers included in-stream habitat improvement and flow modification. Most projects collected for Non-navigated Rivers and their watersheds originated from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the USDA were important sources for projects in Navigated Rivers. Collaborative efforts between agencies that implement projects in Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers may be needed to more effectively address river impairment. However, the current state of data sources tracking river enhancement projects deters efficient and broad-scale integration. ?? Journal compilation ?? 2007 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, T.K., and Galat, D., 2007, River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies: Restoration Ecology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 538-549, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x.","startPage":"538","endPage":"549","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x"},{"id":238901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadace4b0c8380cd86f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, T. K.","contributorId":27258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030949,"text":"70030949 - 2007 - Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030949","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"Wildland fire is the dominant large-scale disturbance mechanism in the Alaskan boreal forest, and it strongly influences forest structure and function. In this research, patterns of burn severity in the Alaskan boreal forest are characterised using 24 fires. First, the relationship between burn severity and area burned is quantified using a linear regression. Second, the spatial correlation of burn severity as a function of topography is modelled using a variogram analysis. Finally, the relationship between vegetation type and spatial patterns of burn severity is quantified using linear models where variograms account for spatial correlation. These results show that: 1) average burn severity increases with the natural logarithm of the area of the wildfire, 2) burn severity is more variable in topographically complex landscapes than in flat landscapes, and 3) there is a significant relationship between burn severity and vegetation type in flat landscapes but not in topographically complex landscapes. These results strengthen the argument that differential flammability of vegetation exists in some boreal landscapes of Alaska. Additionally, these results suggest that through feedbacks between vegetation and burn severity, the distribution of forest vegetation through time is likely more stable in flat terrain than it is in areas with more complex topography. ?? IAWF 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF06034","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Duffy, P., Epting, J., Graham, J., Rupp, T., and McGuire, A., 2007, Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 16, no. 3, p. 277-284, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF06034.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF06034"},{"id":238935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf9e4b0c8380cd48b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, P.A.","contributorId":107493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epting, J.","contributorId":64451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epting","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, J.M.","contributorId":57651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rupp, T.S.","contributorId":66904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030760,"text":"70030760 - 2007 - Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70030760","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions","docAbstract":"The presence of fault-plane reflections in seismic images, besides indicating the locations of faults, offers a possible source of information on the properties of these poorly understood zones. To better understand the physical mechanism giving rise to fault-plane reflections in compacting sedimentary basins, we numerically model the full elastic wavefield via the spectral element method (SEM) for several different fault models. Using well log data from the South Eugene Island field, offshore Louisiana, we derive empirical relationships between the elastic parameters (e.g. P-wave velocity and density) and the effective-stress along both normal compaction and unloading paths. These empirical relationships guide the numerical modelling and allow the investigation of how differences in fluid pressure modify the elastic wavefield. We choose to simulate the elastic wave equation via SEM since irregular model geometries can be accommodated and slip boundary conditions at an interface, such as a fault or fracture, are implemented naturally. The method we employ for including a slip interface retains the desirable qualities of SEM in that it is explicit in time and, therefore, does not require the inversion of a large matrix. We performa complete numerical study by forward modelling seismic shot gathers over a faulted earth model using SEM followed by seismic processing of the simulated data. With this procedure, we construct post-stack time-migrated images of the kind that are routinely interpreted in the seismic exploration industry. We dip filter the seismic images to highlight the fault-plane reflections prior to making amplitude maps along the fault plane. With these amplitude maps, we compare the reflectivity from the different fault models to diagnose which physical mechanism contributes most to observed fault reflectivity. To lend physical meaning to the properties of a locally weak fault zone characterized as a slip interface, we propose an equivalent-layer model under the assumption of weak scattering. This allows us to use the empirical relationships between density, velocity and effective stress from the South Eugene Island field to relate a slip interface to an amount of excess pore-pressure in a fault zone. ?? 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2007 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Haney, M., Snieder, R., Ampuero, J., and Hofmann, R., 2007, Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 2, p. 933-951, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x.","startPage":"933","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476998,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03437.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x"},{"id":238628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953ce4b08c986b31ae07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, M.","contributorId":38264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ampuero, J.-P.","contributorId":28801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ampuero","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofmann, R.","contributorId":79699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030759,"text":"70030759 - 2007 - Paleoearthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault, Wrightwood, California, 3000 to 1500 B.C.: A new method for evaluating paleoseismic evidence and earthquake horizons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-31T12:11:21.803291","indexId":"70030759","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoearthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault, Wrightwood, California, 3000 to 1500 B.C.: A new method for evaluating paleoseismic evidence and earthquake horizons","docAbstract":"We present evidence of 11–14 earthquakes that occurred between 3000 and 1500 b.c. on the San Andreas fault at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site. Earthquake evidence is presented in a novel form in which we rank (high, moderate, poor, or low) the quality of all evidence of ground deformation, which are called “event indicators.” Event indicator quality reflects our confidence that the morphologic and sedimentologic evidence can be attributable to a ground-deforming earthquake and that the earthquake horizon is accurately identified by the morphology of the feature. In four vertical meters of section exposed in ten trenches, we document 316 event indicators attributable to 32 separate stratigraphic horizons. Each stratigraphic horizon is evaluated based on the sum of rank (Rs), maximum rank (Rm), average rank (Ra), number of observations (Obs), and sum of higher-quality event indicators (Rs>1). Of the 32 stratigraphic horizons, 14 contain 83% of the event indicators and are qualified based on the number and quality of event indicators; the remaining 18 do not have satisfactory evidence for further consideration. Eleven of the 14 stratigraphic horizons have sufficient number and quality of event indicators to be qualified as “probable” to “very likely” earthquakes; the remaining three stratigraphic horizons are associated with somewhat ambiguous features and are qualified as “possible” earthquakes. Although no single measurement defines an obvious threshold for designation as an earthquake horizon, Rs, Rm, and Rs>1 correlate best with the interpreted earthquake quality. Earthquake age distributions are determined from radiocarbon ages of peat samples using a Bayesian approach to layer dating. The average recurrence interval for the 10 consecutive and highest-quality earthquakes is 111 (93–131) years and individual intervals are ±50% of the average. With comparison with the previously published 14–15 earthquake record between a.d. 500 and present, we find no evidence to suggest significant variations in the average recurrence rate at Wrightwood during the past 5000 years.
Available information on the distribution of breeding shorebirds across the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska is dated, fragmented, and limited in scope. Herein, we describe the distribution of 19 shorebird species from data gathered at 407 study plots between 1998 and 2004. This information was collected using a single-visit rapid area search technique during territory establishment and early incubation periods, a time when social displays and vocalizations make the birds highly detectable. We describe the presence or absence of each species, as well as overall numbers of species, providing a regional perspective on shorebird distribution. We compare and contrast our shorebird distribution maps to those of prior studies and describe prominent patterns of shorebird distribution. Our examination of how shorebird distribution and numbers of species varied both latitudinally and longitudinally across the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska indicated that most shorebird species occur more frequently in the Beaufort Coastal Plain ecoregion (i.e., closer to the coast) than in the Brooks Foothills ecoregion (i.e., farther inland). Furthermore, the occurrence of several species indicated substantial longitudinal directionality. Species richness at surveyed sites was highest in the western portion of the Beaufort Coastal Plain ecoregion. The broad-scale distribution information we present here is valuable for evaluating potential effects of human development and climate change on Arctic-breeding shorebird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic220","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J., Lanctot, R., Andres, B.A., Bart, J., Brown, S.C., Kendall, S.J., and Payer, D.C., 2007, Distribution of breeding shorebirds on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska: Arctic, v. 60, no. 3, p. 277-293, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic220.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic220","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.76545815893368,\n 71.73753208468906\n ],\n [\n -162.3930009704475,\n 68.96864566870872\n ],\n [\n -142.67714191186246,\n 68.44977011466841\n ],\n [\n -142.2944316878697,\n 71.12036514995935\n ],\n [\n -160.76545815893368,\n 71.73753208468906\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02c2e4b0c8380cd501bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James A.","contributorId":84649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andres, Brad A.","contributorId":317983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Stephen C.","contributorId":38457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Steven J.","contributorId":30911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Payer, David C.","contributorId":7495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030743,"text":"70030743 - 2007 - A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red Mountain Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:22:55","indexId":"70030743","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red Mountain Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"Regulatory agencies are often charged with the task of setting site-specific numeric water quality standards for impaired streams. This task is particularly difficult for streams draining highly mineralized watersheds with past mining activity. Baseline water quality data obtained prior to mining are often non-existent and application of generic water quality standards developed for unmineralized watersheds is suspect given the geology of most watersheds affected by mining. Various approaches have been used to estimate premining conditions, but none of the existing approaches rigorously consider the physical and geochemical processes that ultimately determine instream water quality. An approach based on simulation modeling is therefore proposed herein. The approach utilizes synoptic data that provide spatially-detailed profiles of concentration, streamflow, and constituent load along the study reach. This field data set is used to calibrate a reactive stream transport model that considers the suite of physical and geochemical processes that affect constituent concentrations during instream transport. A key input to the model is the quality and quantity of waters entering the study reach. This input is based on chemical analyses available from synoptic sampling and observed increases in streamflow along the study reach. Given the calibrated model, additional simulations are conducted to estimate premining conditions. In these simulations, the chemistry of mining-affected sources is replaced with the chemistry of waters that are thought to be unaffected by mining (proximal, premining analogues). The resultant simulations provide estimates of premining water quality that reflect both the reduced loads that were present prior to mining and the processes that affect these loads as they are transported downstream. This simulation-based approach is demonstrated using data from Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, a small stream draining a heavily-mined watershed. Model application to the premining problem for Red Mountain Creek is based on limited field reconnaissance and chemical analyses; additional field work and analyses may be needed to develop definitive, quantitative estimates of premining water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.054","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P.L., 2007, A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red Mountain Creek, Colorado: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 9, p. 1899-1918, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.054.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1918","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.054"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain Creek","volume":"22","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e598e4b0c8380cd46e66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A","contributorId":118888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030960,"text":"70030960 - 2007 - The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T11:03:30","indexId":"70030960","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification","docAbstract":"To establish longevity of faecal DNA samples under varying summer field conditions, we collected 53 faeces from captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) on a restricted vegetation diet. Each faeces was divided, and one half was placed on a warm, dry field site while the other half was placed on a cool, wet field site on Moscow Mountain, Idaho, USA. Temperature, relative humidity, and dew point data were collected on each site, and faeces were sampled for DNA extraction at <1, 3, 6, 14, 30, 45, and 60 days. Faecal DNA sample viability was assessed by attempting PCR amplification of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus (???150 bp) and a nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite locus (180-200 bp). Time in the field, temperature, and dew point impacted mtDNA and nDNA amplification success with the greatest drop in success rates occurring between 1 and 3 days. In addition, genotyping errors significantly increased over time at both field sites. Based on these results, we recommend collecting samples at frequent transect intervals and focusing sampling efforts during drier portions of the year when possible. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Murphy, M., Kendall, K., Robinson, A., and Waits, L., 2007, The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification: Conservation Genetics, v. 8, no. 5, p. 1219-1224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1224","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baceee4b08c986b323852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, M.A.","contributorId":65214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, A.","contributorId":60011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, L.P.","contributorId":58987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030730,"text":"70030730 - 2007 - Population estimates of Hyla cinerea (Schneider) (Green Tree frog) in an urban environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030730","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population estimates of Hyla cinerea (Schneider) (Green Tree frog) in an urban environment","docAbstract":"Hyla cinerea (Green Treefrog) is a common wetlands species in the southeastern US. To better understand its population dynamics, we followed a relatively isolated population of Green Treefrogs from June 2004 through October 2004 at a federal office complex in Lafayette, LA. Weekly, Green Treefrogs were caught, measured, marked with VIE tags, and released. The data were used to estimate population size. The time frame was split into two periods: before and after August 17, 2004. Before August 17, 2004, the average estimated population size was 143, and after August 24, 2005, this value jumped to 446, an increase possibly due to tadpoles metamorphosing into adults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[203:PEOHCS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Pham, L., Boudreaux, S., Karhbet, S., Price, B., Ackleh, A., Carter, J., and Pal, N., 2007, Population estimates of Hyla cinerea (Schneider) (Green Tree frog) in an urban environment: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 6, no. 2, p. 203-216, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[203:PEOHCS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"203","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[203:PEOHCS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d6de4b0c8380cd79f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pham, L.","contributorId":104283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pham","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boudreaux, S.","contributorId":68106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudreaux","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karhbet, S.","contributorId":76941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karhbet","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, B.","contributorId":15406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackleh, A. S.","contributorId":14787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackleh","given":"A. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pal, N.","contributorId":79702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pal","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030981,"text":"70030981 - 2007 - Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030981","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods","docAbstract":"This extensive field test of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size from digital images was conducted using a digital bed-sediment camera, or 'beachball' camera. Using 205 sediment samples and >1200 images from a variety of beaches on the west coast of the US, grain size ranging from sand to granules was measured from field samples using both the autocorrelation technique developed by Rubin [Rubin, D.M., 2004. A simple autocorrelation algorithm for determining grain size from digital images of sediment. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 74(1): 160-165.] and traditional methods (i.e. settling tube analysis, sieving, and point counts). To test the accuracy of the digital-image grain size algorithm, we compared results with manual point counts of an extensive image data set in the Santa Barbara littoral cell. Grain sizes calculated using the autocorrelation algorithm were highly correlated with the point counts of the same images (r2 = 0.93; n = 79) and had an error of only 1%. Comparisons of calculated grain sizes and grain sizes measured from grab samples demonstrated that the autocorrelation technique works well on high-energy dissipative beaches with well-sorted sediment such as in the Pacific Northwest (r2 ??? 0.92; n = 115). On less dissipative, more poorly sorted beaches such as Ocean Beach in San Francisco, results were not as good (r2 ??? 0.70; n = 67; within 3% accuracy). Because the algorithm works well compared with point counts of the same image, the poorer correlation with grab samples must be a result of actual spatial and vertical variability of sediment in the field; closer agreement between grain size in the images and grain size of grab samples can be achieved by increasing the sampling volume of the images (taking more images, distributed over a volume comparable to that of a grab sample). In all field tests the autocorrelation method was able to predict the mean and median grain size with ???96% accuracy, which is more than adequate for the majority of sedimentological applications, especially considering that the autocorrelation technique is estimated to be at least 100 times faster than traditional methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Rubin, D.M., Harney, J., and Mustain, N., 2007, Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods: Sedimentary Geology, v. 201, no. 1-2, p. 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016.","startPage":"180","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016"},{"id":238936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fdce4b0c8380cd53a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harney, J.","contributorId":18172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harney","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mustain, N.","contributorId":102688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustain","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194942,"text":"70194942 - 2007 - Integrated ground-water monitoring strategy for NRC-licensed facilities and sites: Case study applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:58:50","indexId":"70194942","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NUREG/CR-6948, Vol. 2","title":"Integrated ground-water monitoring strategy for NRC-licensed facilities and sites: Case study applications","docAbstract":"This document discusses results of applying the Integrated Ground-Water Monitoring Strategy (the Strategy) to actual waste sites using existing field characterization and monitoring data. The Strategy is a systematic approach to dealing with complex sites. Application of such a systematic approach will reduce uncertainty associated with site analysis, and therefore uncertainty associated with management decisions about a site. The Strategy can be used to guide the development of a ground-water monitoring program or to review an existing one. The sites selected for study fall within a wide range of geologic and climatic settings, waste compositions, and site design characteristics and represent realistic cases that might be encountered by the NRC. No one case study illustrates a comprehensive application of the Strategy using all available site data. Rather, within each case study we focus on certain aspects of the Strategy, to illustrate concepts that can be applied generically to all sites. The test sites selected include:
A Data Analysis section provides examples of detailed data analysis of monitoring data.
Fire is a natural part of most forest ecosystems in the western United States, but its effects on nonnative plant invasion have only recently been studied. Also, forest managers are engaging in fuel reduction projects to lessen fire severity, often without considering potential negative ecological consequences such as nonnative plant species introductions. Increased availability of light, nutrients, and bare ground have all been associated with high-severity fires and fuel treatments and are known to aid in the establishment of nonnative plant species. We use vegetation and environmental data collected after wildfires at seven sites in coniferous forests in the western United States to study responses of nonnative plants to wildfire. We compared burned vs. unburned plots and plots treated with mechanical thinning and/or prescribed burning vs. untreated plots for nonnative plant species richness and cover and used correlation analyses to infer the effect of abiotic site conditions on invasibility. Wildfire was responsible for significant increases in nonnative species richness and cover, and a significant decrease in native cover. Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire fuel treatments were associated with significant changes in plant species composition at some sites. Treatment effects across sites were minimal and inconclusive due to significant site and site x treatment interaction effects caused by variation between sites including differences in treatment and fire severities and initial conditions (e.g., nonnative species sources). We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to determine what combinations of environmental variables best explained patterns of nonnative plant species richness and cover. Variables related to fire severity, soil nutrients, and elevation explained most of the variation in species composition. Nonnative species were generally associated with sites with higher fire severity, elevation, percentage of bare ground, and lower soil nutrient levels and lower canopy cover. Early assessments of postfire stand conditions can guide rapid responses to nonnative plant invasions. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.
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