Studies of interseismic strain accumulation are crucial to our understanding of continental deformation, the earthquake cycle and seismic hazard. By mapping small amounts of ground deformation over large spatial areas, InSAR has the potential to produce continental-scale maps of strain accumulation on active faults. However, most InSAR studies to date have focused on areas where the coherence is relatively good (e.g. California, Tibet and Turkey) and most analysis techniques (stacking, small baseline subset algorithm, permanent scatterers, etc.) only include information from pixels which are coherent throughout the time-span of the study. In some areas, such as Alaska, where the deformation rate is small and coherence very variable, it is necessary to include information from pixels which are coherent in some but not all interferograms. We use a three-stage iterative algorithm based on distributed scatterer interferometry. We validate our method using synthetic data created using realistic parameters from a test site on the Denali Fault, Alaska, and present a preliminary result of 10.5 ?? 5.0 mm yr-1 for the slip rate on the Denali Fault based on a single track of radar data from ERS1/2. ?? 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2007 RAS.
","largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Wright, T., Lu, Z., and Parsons, B., 2007, Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 3, p. 1165-1179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.25,\n 62.431074232920906\n ],\n [\n -138.1640625,\n 62.431074232920906\n ],\n [\n -138.1640625,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 62.431074232920906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb4e4b0c8380cd710b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, Juliet","contributorId":99018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"Juliet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, Barry","contributorId":56966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030843,"text":"70030843 - 2007 - A simple model for calculating tsunami flow speed from tsunami deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:14:16.160085","indexId":"70030843","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple model for calculating tsunami flow speed from tsunami deposits","docAbstract":"This paper presents a simple model for tsunami sedimentation that can be applied to calculate tsunami flow speed from the thickness and grain size of a tsunami deposit (the inverse problem). For sandy tsunami deposits where grain size and thickness vary gradually in the direction of transport, tsunami sediment transport is modeled as a steady, spatially uniform process. The amount of sediment in suspension is assumed to be in equilibrium with the steady portion of the long period, slowing varying uprush portion of the tsunami. Spatial flow deceleration is assumed to be small and not to contribute significantly to the tsunami deposit. Tsunami deposits are formed from sediment settling from the water column when flow speeds on land go to zero everywhere at the time of maximum tsunami inundation. There is little erosion of the deposit by return flow because it is a slow flow and is concentrated in topographic lows. Variations in grain size of the deposit are found to have more effect on calculated tsunami flow speed than deposit thickness. The model is tested using field data collected at Arop, Papua New Guinea soon after the 1998 tsunami. Speed estimates of 14 m/s at 200 m inland from the shoreline compare favorably with those from a 1-D inundation model and from application of Bernoulli's principle to water levels on buildings left standing after the tsunami. As evidence that the model is applicable to some sandy tsunami deposits, the model reproduces the observed normal grading and vertical variation in sorting and skewness of a deposit formed by the 1998 tsunami.
Lysimeter-percolate and well-hydrograph analyses were combined to evaluate recharge for the Masser Recharge Site (central Pennsylvania, USA). In humid regions, aquifer recharge through an unconfined low-porosity fractured-rock aquifer can cause large magnitude water-table fluctuations over short time scales. The unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface porous media control the magnitude and timing of these fluctuations. Data from multiple sets of lysimeters at the site show a highly seasonal pattern of percolate and exhibit variability due to both installation factors and hydraulic property heterogeneity. Individual event analysis of well hydrograph data reveals the primary influences on water-table response, namely rainfall depth, rainfall intensity, and initial water-table depth. Spatial and seasonal variability in well response is also evident. A new approach for calculating recharge from continuous water-table elevation records using a master recession curve (MRC) is demonstrated. The recharge estimated by the MRC approach when assuming a constant specific yield is seasonal to a lesser degree than the recharge estimate resulting from the lysimeter analysis. Partial reconciliation of the two recharge estimates is achieved by considering a conceptual model of flow processes in the highly-heterogeneous underlying fractured porous medium.
Regional wildlife–habitat models are commonly developed but rarely tested with truly independent data. We tested a published habitat model for black bears (Ursus americanus) with new data collected in a different site in the same ecological region (i.e., Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA). We used a Mahalanobis distance model developed from relocations of black bears in Arkansas to produce a map layer of Mahalanobis distances on a study area in neighboring Oklahoma. We tested this modeled map layer with relocations of black bears on the Oklahoma area. The distributions of relocations of female black bears were consistent with model predictions. We conclude that this modeling approach can be used to predict regional suitability for a species of interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2006-031","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Hellgren, E.C., Bales, S., Gregory, M., Leslie, D., and Clark, J.D., 2007, Testing a Mahalanobis distance model of black bear habitat use in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 3, p. 924-928, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-031.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"924","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"LeFlore County","otherGeospatial":"Ouachita National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 34.97375095431689\n ],\n [\n -94.50164794921875,\n 34.97375095431689\n ],\n [\n -94.57855224609375,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -94.61700439453125,\n 34.88142481679758\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 34.88142481679758\n ],\n [\n -94.8394775390625,\n 34.89268966339912\n ],\n [\n -94.93011474609375,\n 34.908457853981396\n ],\n [\n -95.00701904296875,\n 34.89043681762452\n ],\n [\n -95.06744384765625,\n 34.827332061981586\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 34.7461262752594\n ],\n [\n -94.98504638671875,\n 34.70097741472011\n ],\n [\n -94.86145019531249,\n 34.67613503380097\n ],\n [\n -94.73236083984375,\n 34.655803905058974\n ],\n [\n -94.6636962890625,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -94.66094970703125,\n 34.472599425831355\n ],\n [\n -94.69940185546875,\n 34.40011121603371\n ],\n [\n -94.7625732421875,\n 34.36837785748377\n ],\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 34.35477416538757\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 34.279914398549934\n ],\n [\n -94.79827880859375,\n 34.23905366851639\n ],\n [\n -94.7735595703125,\n 34.1890858311724\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 34.129994745824746\n ],\n [\n -94.72686767578125,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 34.066311964721045\n ],\n [\n -94.52911376953125,\n 34.066311964721045\n ],\n [\n -94.47418212890625,\n 34.068587174791965\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 34.97375095431689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5b5e4b08c986b320c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellgren, E. C.","contributorId":40327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellgren","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, S.L.","contributorId":34312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregory, M.S.","contributorId":96476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030291,"text":"70030291 - 2007 - A simulation of groundwater discharge and nitrate delivery to chesapeake bay from the lowermost delmarva peninsula, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030291","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A simulation of groundwater discharge and nitrate delivery to chesapeake bay from the lowermost delmarva peninsula, USA","docAbstract":"A groundwater model has been developed for the lowermost Delmarva Peninsula, USA, that simulates saltwater intrusion into local confined aquifers and nitrate delivery to the Chesapeake Bay from the surficial aquifer. A flow path and groundwater-age analysis was performed using the model to estimate the timing of nitrate delivery to the bay over the next several decades. The simulated mean and median residence times of groundwater in the lowermost peninsula are 30 and 15 years, respectively. Current and future nitrate concentrations in coastal groundwater discharge were simulated based on local well data that include nitrate concentrations and groundwater age. A simulated future-trends analysis indicates that nitrate that has been applied to agricultural regions over the last few decades will continue to discharge into the bay for several decades to come. This study highlights the importance of considering the groundwater lag time that affects the mean transport time from diffuse contamination sources.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., and Pope, J., 2007, A simulation of groundwater discharge and nitrate delivery to chesapeake bay from the lowermost delmarva peninsula, USA, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 312, Perugia, 2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007, p. 326-333.","startPage":"326","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e596e4b0c8380cd46e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, J.P.","contributorId":25352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030183,"text":"70030183 - 2007 - A classification of U.S. estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030183","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A classification of U.S. estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes","docAbstract":"A classification of U.S. estuaries is presented based on estuarine characteristics that have been identified as important for quantifying stressor-response relationships in coastal systems. Estuaries within a class have similar physical and hydrologic characteristics and would be expected to demonstrate similar biological responses to stressor loads from the adjacent watersheds. Nine classes of estuaries were identified by applying cluster analysis to a database for 138 U.S. estuarine drainage areas. The database included physical measures of estuarine areas, depth and volume, as well as hydrologic parameters (i.e., tide height, tidal prism volume, freshwater inflow rates, salinity, and temperature). The ability of an estuary to dilute or flush pollutants can be estimated using physical and hydrologic properties such as volume, bathymetry, freshwater inflow and tidal exchange rates which influence residence time and affect pollutant loading rates. Thus, physical and hydrologic characteristics can be used to estimate the susceptibility of estuaries to pollutant effects. This classification of estuaries can be used by natural resource managers to describe and inventory coastal systems, understand stressor impacts, predict which systems are most sensitive to stressors, and manage and protect coastal resources. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Engle, V., Kurtz, J., Smith, L., Chancy, C., and Bourgeois, P., 2007, A classification of U.S. estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 129, no. 1-3, p. 397-412, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9.","startPage":"397","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211995,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9"},{"id":239392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e342e4b0c8380cd45ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, V.D.","contributorId":15562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurtz, J.C.","contributorId":63616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, L.M.","contributorId":82650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chancy, C.","contributorId":72202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chancy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bourgeois, P.","contributorId":94498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeois","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030180,"text":"70030180 - 2007 - A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T12:14:47.9642","indexId":"70030180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii","docAbstract":"In the 1994 Recovery Plan for the Mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, the US Fish and Wildlife Service established 6 recovery units by using the best available data on habitat use, behavior, morphology, and genetics. To further assess the validity of the recovery units, we analyzed genetic data by using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) sequences and nuclear DNA microsatellites. In total, 125 desert tortoises were sampled for mtDNA and 628 for microsatellites from 31 study sites, representing all recovery units and desert regions throughout the Mojave Desert in California and Utah, and the Colorado Desert of California. The mtDNA revealed a great divergence between the Mojave populations west of the Colorado River and those occurring east of the river in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. Some divergence also occurred between northern and southern populations within the Mojave population. The microsatellites indicated a low frequency of private alleles and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance among 31 sample sites, which was consistent with an isolation-by-distance population structure. Regional genetic differentiation was complementary to the recovery units in the Recovery Plan. Most allelic frequencies in the recovery units differed. An assignment test correctly placed most individuals to their recovery unit of origin. Of the 6 recovery units, the Northeastern and the Upper Virgin River units showed the greatest differentiation; these units may have been relatively more isolated than other areas and should be managed accordingly. The Western Mojave Recovery Unit, by using the new genetic data, was redefined along regional boundaries into the Western Mojave, Central Mojave, and Southern Mojave recovery units. Large-scale translocations of tortoises and habitat disturbance throughout the 20th century may have contributed to the observed patterns of regional similarity. ?? 2007 Chelonian Research Foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:AGAOTR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10718443","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R., Berry, K., Edwards, T., and McLuckie, A., 2007, A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 229-251, https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:AGAOTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:agaotr]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.82887195343143,\n 36.14319621654907\n ],\n [\n -116.82887195343143,\n 33.116789670872976\n ],\n [\n -114.01757814690296,\n 33.116789670872976\n ],\n [\n -114.01757814690296,\n 36.14319621654907\n ],\n [\n -116.82887195343143,\n 36.14319621654907\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3f1e4b0c8380cd462f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, R. W.","contributorId":89840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, T.","contributorId":59743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLuckie, A.M.","contributorId":78107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLuckie","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030124,"text":"70030124 - 2007 - Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:03:16","indexId":"70030124","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"A realistic description of how temperatures vary with elevation is crucial for ecosystem studies and for models of basin-scale snowmelt and spring streamflow. This paper explores surface temperature variability using temperature data from an array of 37 sensors, called the Yosemite network, which traverses both slopes of the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of Yosemite National Park, California. These data indicate that a simple lapse rate is often a poor description of the spatial temperature structure. Rather, the spatial pattern of temperature over the Yosemite network varies considerably with synoptic conditions. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were used to identify the dominant spatial temperature patterns and how they vary in time. Temporal variations of these surface temperature patterns were correlated with large-scale weather conditions, as described by National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis data. Regression equations were used to downscale larger-scale weather parameters, such as Reanalysis winds and pressure, to the surface temperature structure over the Yosemite network. These relationships demonstrate that strong westerly winds are associated with relatively warmer temperatures on the east slope and cooler temperatures on the west slope of the Sierra, and weaker westerly winds are associated with the opposite pattern. Reanalysis data from 1948 to 2005 indicate weakening westerlies over this time period, a trend leading to relatively cooler temperatures on the east slope over decadal timescale's. This trend also appears in long-term observations and demonstrates the need to consider topographic effects when examining long-term changes in mountain regions. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JD007561","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., and Cayan, D., 2007, Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 112, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007561.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007561"}],"volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fc1e4b08c986b31e7f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029702,"text":"70029702 - 2007 - Comparison of four approaches to a rock facies classification problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029702","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of four approaches to a rock facies classification problem","docAbstract":"In this study, seven classifiers based on four different approaches were tested in a rock facies classification problem: classical parametric methods using Bayes' rule, and non-parametric methods using fuzzy logic, k-nearest neighbor, and feed forward-back propagating artificial neural network. Determining the most effective classifier for geologic facies prediction in wells without cores in the Panoma gas field, in Southwest Kansas, was the objective. Study data include 3600 samples with known rock facies class (from core) with each sample having either four or five measured properties (wire-line log curves), and two derived geologic properties (geologic constraining variables). The sample set was divided into two subsets, one for training and one for testing the ability of the trained classifier to correctly assign classes. Artificial neural networks clearly outperformed all other classifiers and are effective tools for this particular classification problem. Classical parametric models were inadequate due to the nature of the predictor variables (high dimensional and not linearly correlated), and feature space of the classes (overlapping). The other non-parametric methods tested, k-nearest neighbor and fuzzy logic, would need considerable improvement to match the neural network effectiveness, but further work, possibly combining certain aspects of the three non-parametric methods, may be justified. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2006.08.011","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Dubois, M., Bohling, G.C., and Chakrabarti, S., 2007, Comparison of four approaches to a rock facies classification problem: Computers & Geosciences, v. 33, no. 5, p. 599-617, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.08.011.","startPage":"599","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.08.011"},{"id":240445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f864e4b0c8380cd4d086","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubois, M.K.","contributorId":50695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubois","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chakrabarti, S.","contributorId":43173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chakrabarti","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029703,"text":"70029703 - 2007 - Biological uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by Macoma balthica from sediment amended with activated carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T11:16:52.003308","indexId":"70029703","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by Macoma balthica from sediment amended with activated carbon","docAbstract":"This work characterizes the efficacy of activated carbon amendment in reducing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioavailability to clams (Macoma balthica) from field-contaminated sediment (Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA). Test methods were developed for the use of clams to investigate the effects of sediment amendment on biological uptake. Sediment was mixed with activated carbon for one month. Bioaccumulation tests (28 d) were employed to assess the relationships between carbon dose and carbon particle size on observed reductions in clam biological uptake of PCBs. Extraction and cleanup protocols were developed for the clam tissue. Efficacy of activated carbon treatment was found to increase with both increasing carbon dose and decreasing carbon particle size. Average reductions in bioaccumulation of 22, 64, and 84% relative to untreated Hunters Point sediment were observed for carbon amendments of 0.34, 1.7, and 3.4%, respectively. Average bioaccumulation reductions of 41, 73, and 89% were observed for amendments (dose = 1.7% dry wt) with carbon particles of 180 to 250, 75 to 180, and 25 to 75 μm, respectively, in diameter, indicating kinetic phenomena in these tests. Additionally, a biodynamic model quantifying clam PCB uptake from water and sediment as well as loss through elimination provided a good fit of experimental data. Model predictions suggest that the sediment ingestion route contributed 80 to 95% of the PCB burdens in the clams.
Translocation could be used as a tool in conservation of the threatened Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) by moving individuals from harm's way and into areas where they could contribute to conservation of the species. Numerous factors may affect the success of translocations, including the conditions experienced by tortoises in holding facilities while awaiting translocation. The tortoises available for our translocation study had been provided supplemental water during their years spent in a captive holding facility, potentially inducing carelessness in water conservation. In addition to generally investigating the efficacy of translocation, we compared the effects of continuing with the effects of ceasing the holding facility's water supplementation regimen. After exposure to one of the two water regimens, all tortoises were given the opportunity to hydrate immediately prior to release. We examined behavior, body mass, carapace length, movement, and mortality of tortoises for two activity seasons following release to the wild. Water supplementation was correlated with high rates of carapace growth and distant movements by males after release. Lengthy movements following translocation may be problematic for conservation planning, but this should be evaluated in light of the goals and circumstances of each translocation project. Although the mortality rate was 21.4% in 1997, data suggest that drought conditions at the site rather than the translocation itself negatively affected the tortoises. None of the tortoises died during their second season at the site. Our results indicate that translocation should be considered a useful tool in conservation of the Desert Tortoise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.022","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Field, K., Tracy, C., Medica, P., Marlow, R., and Corn, P., 2007, Return to the wild: Translocation as a tool in conservation of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii): Biological Conservation, v. 136, no. 2, p. 232-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.022.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave 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\"}}]}","volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac2de4b0c8380cd86bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, K.J.","contributorId":30451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracy, C.R.","contributorId":73524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marlow, R.W.","contributorId":20276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029736,"text":"70029736 - 2007 - The influence of extractable organic matter on vitrinite reflectance suppression: A survey of kerogen and coal types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029736","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of extractable organic matter on vitrinite reflectance suppression: A survey of kerogen and coal types","docAbstract":"The vitrinite reflectance suppression literature shows that while bitumen impregnation of the vitrinite group is often invoked as a significant contributor to suppression, its existence is not often supported by petrological evidence. This study examines bitumen impregnation as a factor in vitrinite suppression by comparing the vitrinite reflectance of source rock and coal samples before and after solvent-extraction. Bitumen, often defined as organic matter soluble or extractable in certain organic solvents, should be removed by Soxhlet method solvent extraction using chloroform. Removing the extractable bitumen should restore the suppressed reflectance to its true higher value. However, the solvent extracted samples averaged 0.014% Rv less than that of the unextracted samples. We conclude from these results and from other published data that reflectance suppression by bitumen impregnation in the vitrinite maceral group, above the huminite stage of gelification, is seemingly a rare phenomenon and whose effect on suppressing vitrinite reflectance is typically negligible. ?? 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2006.03.005","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., Lewan, M.D., and Pawlewicz, M., 2007, The influence of extractable organic matter on vitrinite reflectance suppression: A survey of kerogen and coal types: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 70, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 67-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.03.005.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.03.005"},{"id":240416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad1fe4b08c986b3239ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pawlewicz, M. J.","contributorId":75111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029742,"text":"70029742 - 2007 - Quantitative remote sensing study indicates doubling of coastal erosion rate in past 50 yr along a segment of the Arctic coast of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029742","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative remote sensing study indicates doubling of coastal erosion rate in past 50 yr along a segment of the Arctic coast of Alaska","docAbstract":"A new quantitative coastal land gained-and-lost method uses image analysis of topographic maps and Landsat thematic mapper short-wave infrared data to document accelerated coastal land loss and thermokarst lake expansion and drainage. The data span 1955-2005 along the Beaufort Sea coast north of Teshekpuk Lake in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. Some areas have undergone as much as 0.9 km of coastal erosion in the past 50 yr. Land loss attributed to coastal erosion more than doubled, from 0.48 km2 yr-1 during 1955-1985 to 1.08 km2 yr-1 during 1985-2005. Coastal erosion has breached thermokarst lakes, causing initial draining of the lakes followed by marine floodng. Although inland thermokarst lakes show some uniform expansion, lakes breached by coastal erosion display lake expansion several orders of magnitude greater than inland lakes. ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G23672A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Mars, J., and Houseknecht, D., 2007, Quantitative remote sensing study indicates doubling of coastal erosion rate in past 50 yr along a segment of the Arctic coast of Alaska: Geology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 583-586, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23672A.1.","startPage":"583","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23672A.1"},{"id":240482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a922fe4b0c8380cd806f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029779,"text":"70029779 - 2007 - The role of historical fire disturbance in the carbon dynamics of the pan-boreal region: A process-based analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T11:23:14.316745","indexId":"70029779","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of historical fire disturbance in the carbon dynamics of the pan-boreal region: A process-based analysis","docAbstract":"[1] Wildfire is a common occurrence in ecosystems of northern high latitudes, and changes in the fire regime of this region have consequences for carbon feedbacks to the climate system. To improve our understanding of how wildfire influences carbon dynamics of this region, we used the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model to simulate fire emissions and changes in carbon storage north of 45°N from the start of spatially explicit historically recorded fire records in the twentieth century through 2002, and evaluated the role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the region within the context of ecosystem responses to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate. Our analysis indicates that fire plays an important role in interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships of northern terrestrial ecosystems and also suggests that atmospheric CO2 may be important to consider in addition to changes in climate and fire disturbance. There are substantial uncertainties in the effects of fire on carbon storage in our simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. To improve the ability to better predict how fire will influence carbon storage of this region in the future, new analyses of the retrospective role of fire in the carbon dynamics of northern high latitudes should address these uncertainties.