{"pageNumber":"884","pageRowStart":"22075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70000313,"text":"70000313 - 2008 - North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T08:41:00","indexId":"70000313","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have remapped the geology of the north polar plateau on Mars, Planum Boreum, and the surrounding plains of Vastitas Borealis using&nbsp;altimetry&nbsp;and image data along with thematic maps resulting from observations made by the&nbsp;Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. New and revised geographic and geologic terminologies assist with effectively discussing the various features of this region. We identify 7 geologic units making up Planum Boreum and at least 3 for the circumpolar plains, which collectively span the entire Amazonian Period. The Planum Boreum units resolve at least 6 distinct depositional and 5 erosional episodes. The first major stage of activity includes the Early Amazonian (∼3 to 1 Ga) deposition (and subsequent erosion) of the thick (locally exceeding 1000 m) and evenly-layered Rupes Tenuis unit (A</span><span class=\"small-caps\">b</span><span>rt), which ultimately formed approximately half of the base of Planum Boreum. As previously suggested, this unit may be sourced by materials derived from the nearby&nbsp;Scandia&nbsp;region, and we interpret that it may correlate with the deposits that regionally underlie pedestal craters in the surrounding lowland plains. The second major episode of activity during the Middle to Late Amazonian (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x223C;</mo><mspace width=&quot;0.2em&quot; is=&quot;true&quot; /><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;lt;</mo></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">∼&lt;</span></span></span><span>1 Ga) began with a section of dark, sand-rich and light-toned ice-rich irregularly-bedded sequences (Planum Boreum cavi unit, A</span><span class=\"small-caps\">b</span><span>b</span><sub>c</sub><span>) along with deposition of evenly-bedded light-toned ice- and moderate-toned dust-rich layers (Planum Boreum 1 unit, A</span><span class=\"small-caps\">b</span><span>b</span><sub>1</sub><span>). These units have transgressive and gradational stratigraphic relationships. Materials in Olympia Planum underlying the dunes of Olympia Undae are interpreted to consist mostly of the Planum Boreum cavi unit (A</span><span class=\"small-caps\">b</span><span>b</span><sub>c</sub><span>). Planum Boreum materials were then deeply eroded to form spiral troughs, Chasma Boreale, and marginal&nbsp;scarps&nbsp;that define the major aspects of the polar plateau's current regional topography. Locally- to regionally-extensive (though vertically minor) episodes of deposition of evenly-bedded, light- and dark-toned layered materials and subsequent erosion of these materials persisted throughout the Late Amazonian. Sand saltation, including dune migration, is likely to account for much of the erosion of Planum Boreum, particularly at its margin, alluding to the lengthy sedimentological history of the circum-polar&nbsp;dune fields. Such erosion has been controlled largely by&nbsp;topographic effects&nbsp;on wind patterns and the variable resistance to erosion of materials (fresh and altered) and physiographic features. Some present-day dune fields may be hundreds of kilometers removed from possible sources along the margins of Planum Boreum, and dark materials, comprised of sand sheets, extend even farther downwind. These deposits also attest to the lengthy period of erosion following emplacement of the Planum Boreum 1 unit. We find no evidence for extensive glacial flow, topographic relaxation, or&nbsp;basal melting&nbsp;of Planum Boreum materials. However, minor development of&nbsp;normal faults&nbsp;and wrinkle ridges may suggest differential compaction of materials across buried scarps. Timing relations are poorly-defined mostly because resurfacing and other uncertainties prohibit precise determinations of surface impact crater densities. The majority of the&nbsp;stratigraphic record&nbsp;may predate the recent (&lt;20 Ma) part of the orbitally-driven climate record that can be reliably calculated. Given the strong stratigraphic but loose temporal constraints of the north polar geologic record, a comparison of north and south polar stratigraphy permits a speculative scenario in which major Amazonian depositional and erosional episodes driven by global climate activity is plausible.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.021","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Rodriguez, J.A., Skinner, J., Bourke, M.C., Fortezzo, C.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Kolb, E.J., and Okubo, C., 2008, North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification: Icarus, v. 196, no. 2, p. 318-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.021.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"358","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Planum Boreum; Vastitas Borealis","volume":"196","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696d03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.","contributorId":84181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexis P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourke, Mary C.","contributorId":105992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolb, Eric J.","contributorId":97823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000164,"text":"70000164 - 2008 - Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000164","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population","docAbstract":"The model presented here modifies a susceptible-infected (SI) host-pathogen model to determine the influence of mating system on the outcome of a host-pathogen interaction. Both deterministic and stochastic (individual-based) versions of the model were used. This model considers the potential consequences of varying mating systems on the rate of spread of both the pathogen and resistance alleles within the population. We assumed that a single allele for disease resistance was sufficient to confer complete resistance in an individual, and that both homozygote and heterozygote resistant individuals had the same mean birth and death rates. When disease invaded a population with only an initial small fraction of resistant genes, inbreeding (selfing) tended to increase the probability that the disease would soon be eliminated from a small population rather than become endemic, while outcrossing greatly increased the probability that the population would become extinct due to the disease.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2008.07.001","issn":"00405809","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Koslow, J.M., Jiang, J., and Ruan, S., 2008, Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2008.07.001.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2008.07.001"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62be16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koslow, Jennifer M.","contributorId":106621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koslow","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jiang, J.","contributorId":35439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruan, S.","contributorId":105024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000159,"text":"70000159 - 2008 - Associations of multi-decadal sea-surface temperature variability with US drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of multi-decadal sea-surface temperature variability with US drought","docAbstract":"Recent research suggests a link between drought occurrence in the conterminous United States (US) and sea surface temperature (SST) variability in both the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans on decadal to multidecadal (D2M) time scales. Results show that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is the most consistent indicator of D2M drought variability in the conterminous US during the 20th century, but during the 19th century the tropical Pacific is a more consistent indicator of D2 M drought. The interaction between El Nin??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the AMO explain a large part of the D2M drought variability in the conterminous US. More modeling studies are needed to reveal possible mechanisms linking low-frequency ENSO variability and the AMO with drought in the conterminous US. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.07.001","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Betancourt, J., Gray, S., Palecki, M., and Hidalgo, H., 2008, Associations of multi-decadal sea-surface temperature variability with US drought: Quaternary International, v. 188, no. 1, p. 31-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.07.001.","startPage":"31","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476521,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3810924","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.07.001"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cde5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palecki, M.A.","contributorId":74489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palecki","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000364,"text":"70000364 - 2008 - Magnetic monitoring of earth and space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:15:56","indexId":"70000364","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3065,"text":"Physics Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic monitoring of earth and space","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_paragraph\">For centuries, navigators of the world’s&nbsp;oceans&nbsp;have been familiar with an<span>&nbsp;</span>effect<span>&nbsp;</span>of Earth’s<span>&nbsp;</span>magnetic field:<span>&nbsp;</span>It imparts a directional preference to the needle of a compass. Although in some settings magnetic orientation remains important, the modern science of<span>&nbsp;</span>geomagnetismhas emerged from its romantic nautical origins and developed into a subject of great depth and diversity. The<span>&nbsp;</span>geomagnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>field is used to explore the<span>&nbsp;</span>dynamics<span>&nbsp;</span>of Earth’s interior and its surrounding space environment, and<span>&nbsp;</span>geomagnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>data are used for<span>&nbsp;</span>geophysical<span>&nbsp;</span>mapping, mineral<span>&nbsp;</span>exploration,<span>&nbsp;</span>risk mitigation, and other practical applications. A global distribution of ground-based magnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>observatories<span>&nbsp;</span>supports those pursuits by providing accurate records of the magnetic-field direction and intensity at fixed locations and over long periods of time.</div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\">Magnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>observatories<span>&nbsp;</span>were first established in the early<span>&nbsp;</span>19th century<span>&nbsp;</span>in response to the influence of Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Friedrich Gauss. Since then, magnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>measurement<span>&nbsp;</span>has advanced significantly, progressing from simple visual readings of magnetic survey instruments to include automatic photographic<span>&nbsp;</span>measurement<span>&nbsp;</span>and modern electronic acquisition. To satisfy the needs of the scientific community,<span>&nbsp;</span>observatories<span>&nbsp;</span>are being upgraded to collect data that meet ever more stringent standards, to achieve higher acquisition frequencies, and to disseminate data in real time.</div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\">To appreciate why data from magnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>observatories<span>&nbsp;</span>can be used for so many purposes, one needs only to recall that the<span>&nbsp;</span>geomagnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>field is a continuum, connecting the different parts of Earth to each other and to nearby space. Beneath our feet and above our heads,<span>&nbsp;</span>electric currents<span>&nbsp;</span>generate<span>&nbsp;</span>magnetic fields<span>&nbsp;</span>that contribute to the totality of the<span>&nbsp;</span>geomagnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>field<span>&nbsp;</span>measured<span>&nbsp;</span>at an<span>&nbsp;</span>observatory<span>&nbsp;</span>on Earth’s<span>&nbsp;</span>surface.<span>&nbsp;</span>The many physical processes that operate in each<span>&nbsp;</span>geophysical<span>&nbsp;</span>domain give rise to a complicated field that exhibits a wide variety of time-dependent behavior.&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ref-lnk\"></span>In this article I review the status of the global community of magnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>observatories,<span>&nbsp;</span>show how Earth and space can be monitored for purposes of scientific understanding and practical application, and highlight the role played by magnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>observatories<span>&nbsp;</span>in the history of<span>&nbsp;</span>geomagnetism<span>&nbsp;</span>research.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Physics","doi":"10.1063/1.2883907","issn":"00319228","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2008, Magnetic monitoring of earth and space: Physics Today, v. 61, no. 2, p. 31-37, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2883907.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000156,"text":"70000156 - 2008 - Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000156","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Previous attempts to predict the importance of abiotic and biotic factors to unionids in large rivers have been largely unsuccessful. Many simple physical habitat descriptors (e.g., current velocity, substrate particle size, and water depth) have limited ability to predict unionid density. However, more recent studies have found that complex hydraulic variables (e.g., shear velocity, boundary shear stress, and Reynolds number) may be more useful predictors of unionid density. We performed a retrospective analysis with unionid density, current velocity, and substrate particle size data from 1987 to 1988 in a 6-km reach of the Upper Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. We used these data to model simple and complex hydraulic variables under low and high flow conditions. We then used classification and regression tree analysis to examine the relationships between hydraulic variables and unionid density. We found that boundary Reynolds number, Froude number, boundary shear stress, and grain size were the best predictors of density. Models with complex hydraulic variables were a substantial improvement over previously published discriminant models and correctly classified 65-88% of the observations for the total mussel fauna and six species. These data suggest that unionid beds may be constrained by threshold limits at both ends of the flow regime. Under low flow, mussels may require a minimum hydraulic variable (Rez.ast;, Fr) to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. Under high flow, areas with relatively low boundary shear stress may provide a hydraulic refuge for mussels. Data on hydraulic preferences and identification of other conditions that constitute unionid habitat are needed to help restore and enhance habitats for unionids in rivers. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9423-z","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Steuer, J.J., Newton, T., and Zigler, S.J., 2008, Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River: Hydrobiologia, v. 610, no. 1, p. 67-82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9423-z.","startPage":"67","endPage":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9423-z"}],"volume":"610","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6048d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000367,"text":"70000367 - 2008 - Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T22:18:26","indexId":"70000367","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument","docAbstract":"<p><span>Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-abstract-1\" title=\"Bibring, J. P. et al. Mars surface diversity as revealed by the OMEGA/Mars Express observations. Science 307, 1576–1581 (2005)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref1\">1</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-abstract-2\" title=\"Poulet, F. et al. Phyllosilicates on Mars and implications for early martian climate. Nature 438, 623–627 (2005)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref2\">2</a></sup><span>, preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of mineralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest geological era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (moderate to high pH and high water activity</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-abstract-3\" title=\"Velde, B., Righi, D., Meunier, A., Hillier, S. &amp; Inoue, A. in Origin and Mineralogy of Clays (ed. Velde, B.) 8–42 (Springer, Berlin, 1995)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref3\">3</a></sup><span>) were specific to surface environments during the earliest era of Mars’s history</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-abstract-4\" title=\"Bibring, J. P. et al. Global mineralogical and aqueous Mars history derived from OMEGA/Mars Express data. Science 312, 400–404 (2006)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref4\">4</a></sup><span>. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-abstract-5\" title=\"Bibring, J. P. et al. Global mineralogical and aqueous Mars history derived from OMEGA/Mars Express data. Science 312, 400–404 (2006)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07097#ref4\">4</a></sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nature07097","usgsCitation":"Mustard, J., Murchie, S., Pelkey, S., Ehlmann, B., Milliken, R., Grant, J.A., Bibring, J., Poulet, F., Bishop, J., Dobrea, E., Roach, L., Seelos, F., Arvidson, R., Wiseman, S., Green, R., Hash, C., Humm, D., Malaret, E., McGovern, J., Seelos, K., Clancy, T., Clark, R., des Marais, D., Izenberg, N., Knudson, A., Langevin, Y., Martin, T., McGuire, P., Morris, R., Robinson, M., Roush, T., Smith, M., Swayze, G., Taylor, H., Titus, T., and Wolff, M., 2008, Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument: Nature, v. 454, no. 7202, p. 305-309, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07097.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"309","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"454","issue":"7202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a35e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mustard, J.F.","contributorId":91605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pelkey, S.M.","contributorId":8599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelkey","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milliken, R.E.","contributorId":98022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grant, J. A.","contributorId":28334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Poulet, F.","contributorId":61551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bishop, J.","contributorId":70905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dobrea, E. N.","contributorId":23677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobrea","given":"E. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roach, L.","contributorId":62334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seelos, F.","contributorId":34635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wiseman, S.","contributorId":40711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiseman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Green, R.","contributorId":88858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hash, C.","contributorId":59927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hash","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Humm, D.","contributorId":28346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humm","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Malaret, E.","contributorId":84487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malaret","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"McGovern, J.A.","contributorId":59163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGovern","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Seelos, K.","contributorId":96813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Clancy, T.","contributorId":33439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clancy","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"des Marais, D.","contributorId":48293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"des Marais","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Izenberg, N.","contributorId":56777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izenberg","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Knudson, A.","contributorId":86082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Martin, T.","contributorId":58375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"McGuire, P.","contributorId":65039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Morris, Robert","contributorId":70723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Robinson, M.","contributorId":50272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Roush, T.","contributorId":76445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Smith, M.","contributorId":32658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Swayze, G. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":55131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Taylor, H.","contributorId":39920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27814,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Titus, T.","contributorId":92787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Wolff, M.","contributorId":19683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36}]}}
,{"id":70000370,"text":"70000370 - 2008 - Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000370","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades","docAbstract":"Photointerpretation studies were conducted to evaluate vegetation changes in wetlands of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River associated with regulation of water levels since about 1960. The studies used photographs from 16 sites (four each from drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands) and spanned a period from the 1950s to 2001 at roughly decadal intervals. Meadow marsh was the most prominent vegetation type in most wetlands in the late 1950s when water levels had declined following high lake levels in the early 1950s. Meadow marsh increased at some sites in the mid-1960s in response to low lake levels and decreased at all sites in the late 1970s following a period of high lake levels. Typha increased at nearly all sites, except wave-exposed open embayments, in the 1970s. Meadow marsh continued to decrease and Typha to increase at most sites during sustained higher lake levels through the 1980s, 1990s, and into 2001. Most vegetation changes could be correlated with lake-level changes and with life-history strategies and physiological tolerances to water depth of prominent taxa. Analyses of GIS coverages demonstrated that much of the Typha invasion was landward into meadow marsh, largely by Typha x glauca. Lesser expansion toward open water included both T. x glauca and T. angustifolia. Although many models focus on the seed bank as a key component of vegetative change in wetlands, our results suggest that canopy-dominating, moisture-requiring Typha was able to invade meadow marsh at higher elevations because sustained higher lake levels allowed it to survive and overtake sedges and grasses that can tolerate periods of drier soil conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[301:CIOGMI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D., Kowalski, K., Hoare, H., Carlson, M., and Morgan, H., 2008, Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 34, no. 2, p. 301-323, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[301:CIOGMI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"301","endPage":"323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476515,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2294","text":"External Repository"},{"id":18815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[301:CIOGMI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":203732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cfe4b0c8380cd4b996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kowalski, K.P.","contributorId":8975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoare, H.L.","contributorId":41568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoare","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, M.L.","contributorId":99681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, H.N.","contributorId":73727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000323,"text":"70000323 - 2008 - Design and evaluation of a simple signaling device for live traps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000323","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and evaluation of a simple signaling device for live traps","docAbstract":"Frequent checks of live traps require enormous amounts of labor and add human scents associated with repeated monitoring, which may reduce capture efficiency. To reduce efforts and increase efficiency, we developed a trap-signaling device with long-distance reception, durability in adverse weather, and ease of transport, deployment, and use. Modifications from previous designs include a normally open magnetic switch and a mounting configuration to maximize reception. The system weighed <225 g, was effective ???17.1 km, and failed in <1% of trap-nights. Employing this system, researchers and wildlife managers may reduce the amount of effort checking traps while improving the welfare of trapped animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-519","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Benevides, F., Hansen, H., and Hess, S., 2008, Design and evaluation of a simple signaling device for live traps: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1434-1436, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-519.","startPage":"1434","endPage":"1436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-519"},{"id":203428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benevides, F.L. Jr.","contributorId":93607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benevides","given":"F.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, H.","contributorId":76443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, S.C. 0000-0001-6403-9922","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":86081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000326,"text":"70000326 - 2008 - Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:50:52","indexId":"70000326","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate and reliable evapotranspiration (ET) datasets are crucial in regional water and energy balance studies. Due to the complex instrumentation requirements, actual ET values are generally estimated from reference ET values by adjustment factors using coefficients for water stress and vegetation conditions, commonly referred to as crop coefficients. Until recently, the modeling of reference ET has been solely based on important weather variables collected from weather stations that are generally located in selected agro-climatic locations. Since 2001, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) has been producing six-hourly climate parameter datasets that are used to calculate daily reference ET for the whole globe at 1-degree spatial resolution. The U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science has been producing daily reference ET (ETo) since 2001, and it has been used on a variety of operational hydrological models for drought and streamflow monitoring all over the world. With the increasing availability of local station-based reference ET estimates, we evaluated the GDAS-based reference ET estimates using data from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS). Daily CIMIS reference ET estimates from 85 stations were compared with GDAS-based reference ET at different spatial and temporal scales using five-year daily data from 2002 through 2006. Despite the large difference in spatial scale (point </span><i>vs</i><span>. ∼100&nbsp;km grid cell) between the two datasets, the correlations between station-based ET and GDAS-ET were very high, exceeding 0.97 on a daily basis to more than 0.99 on time scales of more than 10&nbsp;days. Both the temporal and spatial correspondences in trend/pattern and magnitudes between the two datasets were satisfactory, suggesting the reliability of using GDAS parameter-based reference ET for regional water and energy balance studies in many parts of the world. While the study revealed the potential of GDAS ETo for large-scale hydrological applications, site-specific use of GDAS ETo in complex hydro-climatic regions such as coastal areas and rugged terrain may require the application of bias correction and/or disaggregation of the GDAS ETo using downscaling techniques.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Verdin, J., Lietzow, R., and Melesse, A.M., 2008, Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 4, p. 969-979, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"979","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lietzow, R.","contributorId":89648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietzow","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melesse, Assefa M.","contributorId":45044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melesse","given":"Assefa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7003,"text":"Deprtment of Earth & Environmental ECS 339, Florida Interational University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000138,"text":"70000138 - 2008 - A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000138","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data","docAbstract":"Geochemical, stable-isotope, pollen, charcoal, and diatom records were analyzed at high-resolution in cores obtained from Crevice Lake, a varved-sediment lake in northern Yellowstone National Park. The objective was to reconstruct the ecohydrologic, vegetation, and fire history of the watershed for the last 2650 years to better understand past climate variations at the forest-steppe transition. The data suggest a period of limited bottom-water anoxia, relatively wet winters, and cool springs and summers from 2650 to 2100 cal yr BP (700-150 BC). Dry warm conditions occurred between 2100 and 850-800 cal yr BP (150 BC and AD 1100-1150), when the lake was anoxic, winter precipitation was low, and summer stratification was protracted. The data are consistent with overall warmer/drier conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, although they suggest a shift towards wetter winters within that period. The period from 850 to 800 cal yr BP (AD 1100-1150) to 250 cal yr BP (AD 1700) was characterized by greater water-column mixing and cooler spring/summer conditions than before. In addition, fire activity shifted towards infrequent large events and pollen production was low. From 250 to 150 cal yr BP (AD 1700-1800), winter precipitation was moderate compared to previous conditions, and the lake was again stratified, suggesting warm summers. Between 150 and 42 cal yr BP (AD 1800-1908), winter precipitation increased and spring and summer conditions became moderate. Metal pollution, probably from regional mining operations, is evident in the 1870s. Large fires occurred between ca. 1800-1880, but in general the forests were more closed than before. The Crevice Lake record suggests that the last 150 years of Yellowstone's environmental history were characterized by intermediate conditions when compared with the previous 2500 years. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.005","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Whitlock, C., Dean, W., Rosenbaum, J., Stevens, L., Fritz, S., Bracht, B., and Power, M., 2008, A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data: Quaternary International, v. 188, no. 1, p. 126-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.005.","startPage":"126","endPage":"138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.005"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitlock, C.","contributorId":105836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J.","contributorId":102989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, L.","contributorId":9603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritz, S.","contributorId":91221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bracht, B.","contributorId":37044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracht","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Power, M.","contributorId":20050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000144,"text":"70000144 - 2008 - Permeameter data verify new turbulence process for MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-26T11:32:32","indexId":"70000144","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeameter data verify new turbulence process for MODFLOW","docAbstract":"<p>A sample of Key Largo Limestone from southern Florida exhibited turbulent flow behavior along three orthogonal axes as reported in recently published permeameter experiments. The limestone sample was a cube measuring 0.2 m on edge. The published nonlinear relation between hydraulic gradient and discharge was simulated using the turbulent flow approximation applied in the Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005 mode 2, CFPM2. The good agreement between the experimental data and the simulated results verifies the utility of the approach used to simulate the effects of turbulent flow on head distributions and flux in the CFPM2 module of MODFLOW-2005.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00458.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., Halford, K.J., and Shoemaker, W., 2008, Permeameter data verify new turbulence process for MODFLOW: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 5, p. 768-771, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00458.x.","startPage":"768","endPage":"771","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18690,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00458.x"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000337,"text":"70000337 - 2008 - Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000337","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study","docAbstract":"Populations of sturgeon across the globe are threatened due to unregulated harvest and habitat loss, and the status varies among species across North America. Ready access to viable and functional sperm would contribute to recovery programmes for these species. In this study, we examined the motility, viability (cell membrane integrity) of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species and fertilizing capacity. Milt samples were collected from captive shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), wild paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) and pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and cryopreserved using combinations of Modified Tsvetkova's (MT) extender, Original Tsvetkova's extender, and modified Hanks' balanced salt solution, along with the cryoprotectants methanol (MeOH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A dual-staining technique using the fluorescent stains SYBR-14 and propidium iodide was employed with flow cytometry to determine the percentages of spermatozoa that were viable by virtue of having intact membranes. The percentage of viable spermatozoa ranged from 5% to 12% in shortnose sturgeon, 30-59% in paddlefish, and 44-58% in pallid sturgeon. In the first experiment with shortnose sturgeon sperm, methanol allowed for higher values for dependent variables than did DMSO, and sperm viability generally correlated with post-thaw motility. However, fertilization rate, neurulation, or hatching rates were independent from these factors. In the second experiment with shortnose sturgeon, 5% MeOH combined with MT yielded higher values for all parameters tested than the other combinations: viability was correlated with motility, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. Overall, viability and post-thaw motility was not affected by the use of hyperosmotic extenders (OT) or cryoprotectants (DMSO), but their use decreased fertilization percentages. For paddlefish sperm (experiment 3), MT combined with 10% MeOH was clearly a good choice for cryopreservation; viability and motility results were correlated, but independent of fertilization. For pallid sturgeon sperm (experiment 4), MT with 5-10% MeOH showed significantly higher sperm quality and fertilization parameters. Membrane integrity can be used as a predictor of fertilization by cryopreserved sperm, however additional sperm quality parameters, supplementary to motility and membrane integrity, would be useful in the refining and optimizing cryopreservation protocols with acipenseriform sperm. ?? 2008 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Horvath, A., Wayman, W., Dean, J., Urbanyi, B., Tiersch, T., Mims, S., Johnson, D., and Jenkins, J., 2008, Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 443-449, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x.","startPage":"443","endPage":"449","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476518,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x"},{"id":203371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68584e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horvath, A.","contributorId":44652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horvath","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wayman, W.R.","contributorId":100507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayman","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, J.C.","contributorId":41947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urbanyi, B.","contributorId":50268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanyi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiersch, T.R.","contributorId":76051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiersch","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mims, S.D.","contributorId":50110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mims","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, D.","contributorId":85955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000340,"text":"70000340 - 2008 - Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:56:58","indexId":"70000340","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The Shenandoah River (VA, USA), the largest tributary of the Potomac River (MD, USA) and an important source of drinking water, has been the site of extensive fish kills since 2004. Previous investigations indicate environmental stressors may be adversely modulating the immune system of smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) and other species. Anterior kidney (AK) tissue, the major site of blood cell production in fish, was collected from smallmouth bass at three sites along the Shenandoah River. The tissue was divided for immune function and proteomics analyses. Bactericidal activity and respiratory burst were significantly different between North Fork and mainstem Shenandoah River smallmouth bass, whereas South Fork AK tissue did not significantly differ in either of these measures compared with the other sites. Cytotoxic cell activity was highest among South Fork and lowest among North Fork AK leukocytes. The composite two‐dimension gels of the North Fork and mainstem smallmouth bass AK tissues contained 584 and 591 spots, respectively. South Fork smallmouth bass AK expressed only 335 proteins. Nineteen of 50 proteins analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight were successfully identified. Three of the four identified proteins with increased expression in South Fork AK tissue were involved in metabolism. Seven proteins exclusive to mainstem and North Fork smallmouth bass AK and expressed at comparable abundances serve immune and stress response functions. The proteomics data indicate these fish differ in metabolic capacity of AK tissue and in the ability to produce functional leukocytes. The variable responses of the immune function assays further indicate disruption to the immune system. Our results allow us to hypothesize underlying physiological changes that may relate to fish kills and suggest relevant contaminants known to produce similar physiological disruption.</p></div></div>","language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-588.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Ripley, J., Iwanowicz, L., Blazer, V., and Foran, C., 2008, Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1756-1767, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-588.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1756","endPage":"1767","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-588.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah River","volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ripley, J.","contributorId":10138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, L.","contributorId":101783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":6799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foran, C.","contributorId":81231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foran","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000341,"text":"70000341 - 2008 - Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: Constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian-Mississippian Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000341","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: Constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian-Mississippian Appalachian Basin","docAbstract":"The hydrography of the Appalachian Basin in late Devonian-early Mississippian time is modeled based on the geochemistry of black shales and constrained by others' paleogeographic reconstructions. The model supports a robust exchange of basin bottom water with the open ocean, with residence times of less than forty years during deposition of the Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale. This is counter to previous interpretations of these carbon-rich units having accumulated under a stratified and stagnant water column, i.e., with a strongly restricted bottom bottom-water circulation. A robust circulation of bottom waters is further consistent with the palaeoclimatology, whereby eastern trade-winds drove upwelling and arid conditions limited terrestrial inputs of siliciclastic sediment, fresh waters, and riverine nutrients. The model suggests that primary productivity was high (~ 2??g C m- 2 d- 1), although no higher than in select locations in the ocean today. The flux of organic carbon settling through the water column and its deposition on the sea floor was similar to fluxes found in modern marine environments. Calculations based on the average accumulation rate of the marine fraction of Ni suggest the flux of organic carbon settling out of the water column was approximately 9% of primary productivity, versus an accumulation rate (burial) of organic carbon of 0.5% of primary productivity. Trace-element ratios of V:Mo and Cr:Mo in the marine sediment fraction indicate that bottom waters shifted from predominantly anoxic (sulfate reducing) during deposition of the Huron Shale Member of the Ohio Shale to predominantly suboxic (nitrate reducing) during deposition of the Cleveland Shale Member and the Sunbury Shale, but with anoxic conditions occurring intermittently throughout this period. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.012","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Perkins, R., Piper, D., and Mason, C., 2008, Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: Constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian-Mississippian Appalachian Basin: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 265, no. 1-2, p. 14-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.012.","startPage":"14","endPage":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.012"},{"id":203629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"265","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, R.B.","contributorId":49501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, C.E.","contributorId":30337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000346,"text":"70000346 - 2008 - Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000346","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan","docAbstract":"The objective of the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP) is not only to reveal the structure and eruption history of the Unzen volcano but also to clarify the ascent and degassing mechanisms of the magma conduit. Conduit drilling (USDP-4) was conducted in 2004, which targeted the magma conduit for the 1990-95 eruption. The total drilled length of USDP-4 was 1995.75??m. Geophysical well logging, including resistivity, gamma-ray, spontaneous potential, sonic-wave velocity, density, neutron porosity, and Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI), was conducted at each drilling stage. Variations in the physical properties of the rocks were revealed by the well-log data, which correlated with not only large-scale formation boundaries but also small-scale changes in lithology. Such variations were evident in the lava dike, pyroclastic rocks, and breccias over depth intervals ranging from 1 to 40??m. These data support previous models for structure of the lava conduit, in that they indicate the existence of alternating layers of high-resistivity and high P-wave velocity rocks corresponding to the lava dikes, in proximity to narrower zones exhibiting high porosity, low resistivity, and low P-wave velocity. These narrow, low-porosity zones are presumably higher in permeability than the adjacent rocks and may form preferential conduits for degassing during magma ascent. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.036","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Ikeda, R., Kajiwara, T., Omura, K., and Hickman, S., 2008, Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 175, no. 1-2, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.036.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.036"},{"id":203614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"175","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ikeda, R.","contributorId":51887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kajiwara, T.","contributorId":10140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kajiwara","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Omura, K.","contributorId":8598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omura","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickman, S.","contributorId":79995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000356,"text":"70000356 - 2008 - Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000356","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin","docAbstract":"On 12 May 2008, the devastating magnitude 7.9 (Wenchuan) earthquake struck the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, collapsing buildings and killing thousands in major cities aligned along the western Sichuan basin in China. After such a large-magnitude earthquake, rearrangement of stresses in the crust commonly leads to subsequent damaging earthquakes. The mainshock of the 12 May earthquake ruptured with as much as 9 m of slip along the boundary between the Longmen Shan and Sichuan basin, and demonstrated the complex strike-slip and thrust motion that characterizes the region. The Sichuan basin and surroundings are also crossed by other active strike-slip and thrust faults. Here we present calculations of the coseismic stress changes that resulted from the 12 May event using models of those faults, and show that many indicate significant stress increases. Rapid mapping of such stress changes can help to locate fault sections with relatively higher odds of producing large aftershocks. ??2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature07177","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Ji, C., and Kirby, E., 2008, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin: Nature, v. 454, no. 7203, p. 509-510, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07177.","startPage":"509","endPage":"510","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07177"},{"id":203449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"454","issue":"7203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, E.","contributorId":63133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000146,"text":"70000146 - 2008 - Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000146","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination","docAbstract":"The surface magnetic anomaly observed in unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance is mainly dipolar, and consequently, the dipole is the only magnetic moment regularly recovered in UXO discrimination. The dipole moment contains information about the intensity of magnetization but lacks information about the shape of the target. In contrast, higher order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry properties of the magnetization distribution within the buried targets. In order to improve our understanding of magnetization distribution within UXO and non-UXO objects and to show its potential utility in UXO clearance, we present a numerical modeling study of UXO and related metallic objects. The tool for the modeling is a nonlinear integral equation describing magnetization within isolated compact objects of high susceptibility. A solution for magnetization distribution then allows us to compute the magnetic multipole moments of the object, analyze their relationships, and provide a depiction of the anomaly produced by different moments within the object. Our modeling results show the presence of significant higher order moments for more asymmetric objects, and the fields of these higher order moments are well above the noise level of magnetic gradient data. The contribution from higher order moments may provide a practical tool for improved UXO discrimination. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2008.918090","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, V., Yaoguo, L., Nabighian, M., and Wright, D., 2008, Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 9, p. 2568-2583, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.918090.","startPage":"2568","endPage":"2583","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.918090"}],"volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69685b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, V.","contributorId":107407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yaoguo, L.","contributorId":94771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yaoguo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000150,"text":"70000150 - 2008 - Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000150","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado","docAbstract":"Understanding the relationships between animal population demography and the abiotic and biotic elements of the environments in which they live is a central objective in population ecology. For example, correlations between weather variables and the probability of survival in populations of temperate zone amphibians may be broadly applicable to several species if such correlations can be validated for multiple situations. This study focuses on the probability of survival and evaluates hypotheses based on six weather variables in three populations of Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas) from central Colorado over eight years. In addition to suggesting a relationship between some weather variables and survival probability in Boreal Toad populations, this study uses robust methods and highlights the need for demographic estimates that are precise and have minimal bias. Capture-recapture methods were used to collect the data, and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model in program MARK was used for analysis. The top models included minimum daily winter air temperature, and the sum of the model weights for these models was 0.956. Weaker support was found for the importance of snow depth and the amount of environmental moisture in winter in modeling survival probability. Minimum daily winter air temperature was positively correlated with the probability of survival in Boreal Toads at other sites in Colorado and has been identified as an important covariate in studies in other parts of the world. If air temperatures are an important component of survival for Boreal Toads or other amphibians, changes in climate may have profound impacts on populations. Copyright 2008 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/07-257.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Scherer, R.D., Muths, E., and Lambert, B., 2008, Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado: Journal of Herpetology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 508-517, https://doi.org/10.1670/07-257.1.","startPage":"508","endPage":"517","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/07-257.1"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, B.A.","contributorId":58378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000151,"text":"70000151 - 2008 - Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000151","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA","docAbstract":"A portion of the northern Florida Keys reef tract was mapped with the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) and the morphology of patch reefs was related to variations in Holocene sea level. Following creation of a lidar digital elevation model (DEM), geospatial analyses delineated morphologic attributes of 1,034 patch reefs (reef depth, basal area, height, volume, and topographic complexity). Morphometric analysis revealed two morphologically different populations of patch reefs associated with two distinct depth intervals above and below a water depth of 7.7 m. Compared to shallow reefs, the deep reefs were smaller in area and volume and showed no trend in topographic complexity relative to water depth. Shallow reefs were more variable in area and volume and became flatter and less topographically complex with decreasing water depth. The knoll-like morphology of deep reefs was interpreted as consistent with steady and relatively rapidly rising early Holocene sea level that restricted the lateral growth of reefs. The morphology of shallow 'pancake-shaped' reefs at the highest platform elevations was interpreted as consistent with fluctuating sea level during the late Holocene. Although the ultimate cause for the morphometric depth trends remains open to interpretation, these interpretations are compatible with a recent eustatic sea-level curve that hindcasts fluctuating late Holocene sea level. Thus it is suggested that the morphologic differences represent two stages of reef accretion that occurred during different sea-level conditions. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0370-y","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Brock, J.C., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Wright, C.W., and Nayegandhi, A., 2008, Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 3, p. 555-568, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0370-y.","startPage":"555","endPage":"568","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0370-y"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M. 0000-0002-3786-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":12605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, A.","contributorId":95578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000464,"text":"70000464 - 2008 - Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000464","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility","docAbstract":"We used a phylogenetically based comparative approach to evaluate the potential for physiological studies to reveal patterns of diversity in traits related to susceptibility to an environmental stressor, the trace metal cadmium (Cd). Physiological traits related to Cd bioaccumulation, compartmentalization, and ultimately susceptibility were measured in 21 aquatic insect species representing the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. We mapped these experimentally derived physiological traits onto a phylogeny and quantified the tendency for related species to be similar (phylogenetic signal). All traits related to Cd bioaccumulation and susceptibility exhibited statistically significant phylogenetic signal, although the signal strength varied among traits. Conventional and phylogenetically based regression models were compared, revealing great variability within orders but consistent, strong differences among insect families. Uptake and elimination rate constants were positively correlated among species, but only when effects of body size and phylogeny were incorporated in the analysis. Together, uptake and elimination rates predicted dramatic Cd bioaccumulation differences among species that agreed with field-based measurements. We discovered a potential tradeoff between the ability to eliminate Cd and the ability to detoxify it across species, particularly mayflies. The best-fit regression models were driven by phylogenetic parameters (especially differences among families) rather than functional traits, suggesting that it may eventually be possible to predict a taxon's physiological performance based on its phylogenetic position, provided adequate physiological information is available for close relatives. There appears to be great potential for evolutionary physiological approaches to augment our understanding of insect responses to environmental stressors in nature. ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0801686105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Buchwalter, D., Cain, D., Martin, C., Xie, L., Luoma, S., and Garland, T., 2008, Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 24, p. 8321-8326, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801686105.","startPage":"8321","endPage":"8326","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476523,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2448835","text":"External Repository"},{"id":18882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801686105"},{"id":203612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchwalter, D.B.","contributorId":20053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwalter","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, C.A.","contributorId":17743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xie, Lingtian","contributorId":65209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Lingtian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garland, T. Jr.","contributorId":16554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70000465,"text":"70000465 - 2008 - The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000465","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments","docAbstract":"Two-component hydrograph separation was performed on 19 low-to-moderate intensity rainfall events in a 4.1-km2 urban watershed to infer the relative and absolute contribution of surface runoff (e.g. new water) to stormflow generation between 2001 and 2003. The electrical conductivity (EC) of water was used as a continuous and inexpensive tracer, with order of magnitude differences in precipitation (12-46 ??S/cm) and pre-event streamwater EC values (520-1297 ??S/cm). While new water accounted for most of the increased discharge during storms (61-117%), the contribution of new water to total discharge during events was typically lower (18-78%) and negatively correlated with antecedent stream discharge (r2 = 0??55, p < 0??01). The amount of new water was positively correlated with total rainfall (r2 = 0??77), but hydrograph separation results suggest that less than half (9-46%) of the total rainfall on impervious surfaces is rapidly routed to the stream channel as new water. Comparison of hydrograph separation results using non-conservative tracers (EC and Si) and a conservative isotopic tracer (??D) for two events showed similar results and highlighted the potential application of EC as an inexpensive, high frequency tracer for hydrograph separation studies in urban catchments. The use of a simple tracer-based approach may help hydrologists and watershed managers to better understand impervious surface runoff, stormflow generation and non-point-source pollutant loading to urban streams. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6786","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Wollheim, W.M., Feng, X., and Vororsmarty, C., 2008, The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1810-1818, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786.","startPage":"1810","endPage":"1818","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476510,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786"},{"id":203703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66976b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wollheim, W. M.","contributorId":10912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feng, X.","contributorId":47506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vororsmarty, C.J.","contributorId":14556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vororsmarty","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000339,"text":"70000339 - 2008 - Movement patterns and study area boundaries: Influences on survival estimation in capture-mark-recapture studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000339","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement patterns and study area boundaries: Influences on survival estimation in capture-mark-recapture studies","docAbstract":"The inability to account for the availability of individuals in the study area during capture-mark-recapture (CMR) studies and the resultant confounding of parameter estimates can make correct interpretation of CMR model parameter estimates difficult. Although important advances based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model have resulted in estimators of true survival that work by unconfounding either death or recapture probability from availability for capture in the study area, these methods rely on the researcher's ability to select a method that is correctly matched to emigration patterns in the population. If incorrect assumptions regarding site fidelity (non-movement) are made, it may be difficult or impossible as well as costly to change the study design once the incorrect assumption is discovered. Subtleties in characteristics of movement (e.g. life history-dependent emigration, nomads vs territory holders) can lead to mixtures in the probability of being available for capture among members of the same population. The result of these mixtures may be only a partial unconfounding of emigration from other CMR model parameters. Biologically-based differences in individual movement can combine with constraints on study design to further complicate the problem. Because of the intricacies of movement and its interaction with other parameters in CMR models, quantification of and solutions to these problems are needed. Based on our work with stream-dwelling populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, we used a simulation approach to evaluate existing CMR models under various mixtures of movement probabilities. The Barker joint data model provided unbiased estimates of true survival under all conditions tested. The CJS and robust design models provided similarly unbiased estimates of true survival but only when emigration information could be incorporated directly into individual encounter histories. For the robust design model, Markovian emigration (future availability for capture depends on an individual's current location) was a difficult emigration pattern to detect unless survival and especially recapture probability were high. Additionally, when local movement was high relative to study area boundaries and movement became more diffuse (e.g. a random walk), local movement and permanent emigration were difficult to distinguish and had consequences for correctly interpreting the survival parameter being estimated (apparent survival vs true survival). ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16686.x","issn":"00301299","usgsCitation":"Horton, G., and Letcher, B., 2008, Movement patterns and study area boundaries: Influences on survival estimation in capture-mark-recapture studies: Oikos, v. 117, no. 8, p. 1131-1142, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16686.x.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16686.x"},{"id":203744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, G.E.","contributorId":8594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000533,"text":"70000533 - 2008 - Determining Titan's spin state from Cassini RADAR images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T16:47:25","indexId":"70000533","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":914,"text":"Astronomical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining Titan's spin state from Cassini RADAR images","docAbstract":"<p>For some 19 areas of Titan's surface, the Cassini RADAR instrument has obtained synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images during two different flybys. The time interval between flybys varies from several weeks to two years. We have used the apparent misregistration (by 10-30 km) of features between separate flybys to construct a refined model of Titan's spin state, estimating six parameters: north pole right ascension and declination, spin rate, and these quantities' first time derivatives We determine a pole location with right ascension of 39.48 degrees and declination of 83.43 degrees corresponding to a 0.3 degree obliquity. We determine the spin rate to be 22.5781 deg day -1 or 0.001 deg day-1 faster than the synchronous spin rate. Our estimated corrections to the pole and spin rate exceed their corresponding standard errors by factors of 80 and 8, respectively. We also found that the rate of change in the pole right ascension is -30 deg century-1, ten times faster than right ascension rate of change for the orbit normal. The spin rate is increasing at a rate of 0.05 deg day -1 per century. We observed no significant change in pole declination over the period for which we have data. Applying our pole correction reduces the feature misregistration from tens of km to 3 km. Applying the spin rate and derivative corrections further reduces the misregistration to 1.2 km.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astronomical Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1669","issn":"00046256","usgsCitation":"Stiles, B., Kirk, R.L., Lorenz, R.D., Hensley, S., Lee, E., Ostro, S., Allison, M., Callahan, P., Gim, Y., Iess, L., Marmo, D., Hamilton, G., Johnson, W., and West, R., 2008, Determining Titan's spin state from Cassini RADAR images: Astronomical Journal, v. 135, no. 5, p. 1669-1680, https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1669.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1669","endPage":"1680","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"135","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667369","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stiles, B.W.","contributorId":43900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hensley, S.","contributorId":6175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, E.","contributorId":47716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ostro, S.J.","contributorId":45814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostro","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Allison, M.D.","contributorId":76056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Callahan, P.S.","contributorId":43478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gim, Y.","contributorId":14934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Iess, L.","contributorId":105837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iess","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Marmo, Del","contributorId":63929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marmo","given":"Del","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hamilton, G.","contributorId":108236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"West, R.D.","contributorId":103399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70000445,"text":"70000445 - 2008 - Magnetic fabric of sheared till: A strain indicator for evaluating the bed deformation model of glacier flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000445","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic fabric of sheared till: A strain indicator for evaluating the bed deformation model of glacier flow","docAbstract":"Wet-based portions of ice sheets may move primarily by shearing their till beds, resting in high sediment fluxes and the development of subglacial landforms. This model of glacier movement, which requires high bed shear strains, can be tested using till microstructural characteristics that evolve during till deformation. Here we examine the development of magnetic fabric using a ring shear device to defom two Wisconsin-age basal tills to shear strains as high as 70. Hysteresis experiments and the dependence of magnetic susceptibility of these tills on temperature demonstrate that anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) develops during shear due to the rotation of primarily magnetite particles that are silt sized or smaller. At moderate shear strains (???6-25), principal axes of maximum magnetic susceptibility develop a strong fabric (S1 eignevalues of 0.83-0.96), without further strengthening at higher strains, During deformation, directions of maximum susceptibility cluster strongly in the direction of shear and plunge 'up-glacier,' consistent with the behavior of pebbles and sand particles studied in earlier experiments. In contrast, the magnitude of AMS does not vary systematically with strain and is small relative to its variability among samples; this is because most magnetite grains are contained as inclusions in larger particles and hence do not align during shear. Although processes other than pervasive bed deformation may result in strong flow parallel fabrics, AMS fabrics provide a rapid and objective means of identifying basal tills that have not been sheared sufficiently to be compatible with the bed deformation model. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JF000757","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hooyer, T., Iverson, N., Lagroix, F., and Thomason, J., 2008, Magnetic fabric of sheared till: A strain indicator for evaluating the bed deformation model of glacier flow: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000757.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476541,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jf000757","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000757"},{"id":203527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64925c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooyer, T.S.","contributorId":83242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooyer","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, N.R.","contributorId":19682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lagroix, F.","contributorId":74858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lagroix","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomason, J.F.","contributorId":11745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomason","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000446,"text":"70000446 - 2008 - Modeling the evolution of channel shape: Balancing computational efficiency with hydraulic fidelity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000446","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the evolution of channel shape: Balancing computational efficiency with hydraulic fidelity","docAbstract":"The cross-sectional shape of a natural river channel controls the capacity of the system to carry water off a landscape, to convey sediment derived from hillslopes, and to erode its bed and banks. Numerical models that describe the response of a landscape to changes in climate or tectonics therefore require formulations that can accommodate evolution of channel cross-sectional geometry. However, fully two-dimensional (2-D) flow models are too computationally expensive to implement in large-scale landscape evolution models, while available simple empirical relationships between width and discharge do not adequately capture the dynamics of channel adjustment. We have developed a simplified 2-D numerical model of channel evolution in a cohesive, detachment-limited substrate subject to steady, unidirectional flow. Erosion is assumed to be proportional to boundary shear stress, which is calculated using an approximation of the flow field in which log-velocity profiles are assumed to apply along vectors that are perpendicular to the local channel bed. Model predictions of the velocity structure, peak boundary shear stress, and equilibrium channel shape compare well with predictions of a more sophisticated but more computationally demanding ray-isovel model. For example, the mean velocities computed by the two models are consistent to within ???3%, and the predicted peak shear stress is consistent to within ???7%. Furthermore, the shear stress distributions predicted by our model compare favorably with available laboratory measurements for prescribed channel shapes. A modification to our simplified code in which the flow includes a high-velocity core allows the model to be extended to estimate shear stress distributions in channels with large width-to-depth ratios. Our model is efficient enough to incorporate into large-scale landscape evolution codes and can be used to examine how channels adjust both cross-sectional shape and slope in response to tectonic and climatic forcing. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JF000914","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wobus, C., Kean, J., Tucker, G., and Anderson, R., 2008, Modeling the evolution of channel shape: Balancing computational efficiency with hydraulic fidelity: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000914.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18866,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000914"},{"id":203784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wobus, C.W.","contributorId":82834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wobus","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, G.E.","contributorId":102992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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