Time–composition relationships in eruptive sequences at composite volcanoes can show how the ongoing intrusion of magmas progressively affects the lithosphere at continental convergent margins. Here, new whole-rock and microanalytical major and trace element data from andesite-dacite lava flows are integrated with previous studies and existing isotopic data, and placed within the framework of a high-resolution chronostratigraphy for Ruapehu volcano (southern Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand). The geochemical evolution of lavas erupted over the ∼200 kyr lifetime of the exposed edifice reflects variable degrees of fractionation and systematic changes in the type of crustal assimilation in the Ruapehu magma system. Lavas erupted from ∼200–150 ka have previously been distinguished from those erupted <150 ka based on Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics, which indicate that the oldest lavas were sourced from magmas that assimilated oceanic crust. Such source rocks underlie the regionally widespread Mesozoic meta-sedimentary greywacke-argillite basement, which was conversely assimilated by <150 ka magmas. New results from this work reveal that since 150 ka, an upper limit of magma differentiation occurred from ∼50–35 ka. High K2O (∼6 wt%) and Rb contents (∼270 ppm) in melt inclusions, interstitial glass, and glass from in situ quenched melts of partially fused crustal xenoliths are reported for andesite-dacite lavas erupted during this period. In addition to crystal fractionation, selective partial melting and assimilation of K- and Rb-rich mineral phases (e.g., biotite, K-feldspar) that are significant components of the meta-sedimentary basement rocks is inferred to explain these geochemical characteristics. These processes coincided also with the effusion of high-MgO andesitedacite lavas that display petrological evidence for mixing between andesite-dacite and more mafic magmas. An influx of hotter mafic magma into the system explains why the extent of crustal assimilation recorded by Ruapehu lavas peaked during the ∼50–35 ka eruptive period. From 26 ka to the present, andesite lavas have reverted to more mafic compositions with less potassic melt inclusion and whole-rock compositions when compared to the ∼50–35 ka lavas. We suggest that the younger lavas assimilated less-enriched melts because fertile phases had been preferentially extracted from the crustal column during earlier magmatism. This scenario of bottom-up heating of the lithosphere and exhaustion of fertile phases due to the progressive intrusion of magma explains the geochemical evolution of Ruapehu lavas. This model may be applicable to other long-lived composite volcanoes of the circum-Pacific continental arcs.
In marine ecosystems, survival can be heavily influenced by size‐selective mortality during juvenile life stages. Understanding how and when size‐selective mortality operates on a population can reveal underlying growth dynamics and size‐selective ecological processes affecting the population and thus can be used to guide conservation efforts. For subyearling Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Puget Sound, previous research reported a strong positive relationship between marine survival and body mass during midsummer in epipelagic habitats within Puget Sound, suggesting that early marine growth drives survival. However, a fine‐scale analysis of size‐selective mortality is needed to identify specific critical growth periods and habitats. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe occupancy patterns across estuarine delta, nearshore marine, and offshore epipelagic habitats in Puget Sound; (2) describe changes in FL and weight observed across habitats and time; (3) evaluate evidence for size‐selective mortality; and (4) illustrate how marine survival of the stocks studied may be affected by variation in July weight. In 2014 and 2015, we sampled FLs, weights, and scales from seven hatchery‐origin and two natural‐origin stocks of subyearling Chinook Salmon captured every 2 weeks during out‐migration and rearing in estuary, nearshore, and offshore habitats within Puget Sound. Natural‐origin stocks had more protracted habitat occupancy patterns than hatchery‐origin stocks and were smaller than hatchery‐origin stocks in both years. Regardless of origin, subyearlings were longer and heavier and grew faster in offshore habitats compared to estuary and nearshore habitats. For all stocks, we found little evidence of size‐selective mortality among habitats in Puget Sound. These patterns were consistent in both years. Finally, the weights of subyearlings sampled during July in the offshore habitat predicted Puget Sound‐wide marine survival rates of 0.4% for 2014 and 2.0% for 2015, with stock‐specific predictions ranging from 0.18% to 11.70%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10032","usgsCitation":"Gamble, M.M., Connelly, K.A., Gardner, J.R., Chamberlin, J.W., Warheit, K.I., and Beauchamp, D.A., 2018, Size, growth, and size‐selective mortality of subyearling Chinook Salmon during early marine residence in Puget Sound: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 147, no. 2, p. 370-289, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10032.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"289","ipdsId":"IP-080203","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.61267089843751,\n 46.856434763486966\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 46.856434763486966\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 49.01625665778159\n ],\n [\n -123.61267089843751,\n 49.01625665778159\n ],\n [\n -123.61267089843751,\n 46.856434763486966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f4e4b0da30c1bfbf99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gamble, Madilyn M.","contributorId":203908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gamble","given":"Madilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36751,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connelly, Kristin A.","contributorId":174523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connelly","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Jennifer R.","contributorId":175505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chamberlin, Joshua W.","contributorId":203910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlin","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36753,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warheit, Kenneth I.","contributorId":202110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warheit","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":36349,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196047,"text":"ofr20181038 - 2018 - Factors affecting long-term trends in surface-water quality in the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore City and County, Maryland, 1998–2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T16:32:53","indexId":"ofr20181038","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1038","title":"Factors affecting long-term trends in surface-water quality in the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore City and County, Maryland, 1998–2016","docAbstract":"Factors affecting water-quality trends in urban streams are not well understood, despite current regulatory requirements and considerable ongoing investments in gray and green infrastructure. To address this gap, long-term water-quality trends and factors affecting these trends were examined in the Gwynns Falls, Maryland, watershed during 1998–2016 in cooperation with Blue Water Baltimore. Data on water-quality constituents and potential factors of influence were obtained from multiple sources and compiled for analysis, with a focus on data collected as part of the National Science Foundation funded Long-Term Ecological Research project, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study.
Variability in climate (specifically, precipitation) and land cover can overwhelm actions taken to improve water quality and can present challenges for meeting regulatory goals. Analysis of land cover during 2001–11 in the Gwynns Falls watershed indicated minimal change during the study time frame; therefore, land-cover change is likely not a factor affecting trends in water quality. However, a modest increase in annual precipitation and a significant increase in winter precipitation were apparent in the region. A higher proportion of runoff producing storms was observed in the winter and a lower proportion in the summer, indicating that climate change may affect water quality in the watershed. The increase in precipitation was not reflected in annual or seasonal trends of streamflow in the watershed. Nonetheless, these precipitation changes may exacerbate the inflow and infiltration of water to gray infrastructure and reduce the effectiveness of green infrastructure. For streamflow and most water-quality constituents examined, no discernable trends were noted over the timeframe examined. Despite the increases in precipitation, no trends were observed for annual or seasonal discharge at the various sites within the study area. In some locations, nitrate, phosphate, and total nitrogen show downward trends, and total phosphorus and chloride show upward trends.
Sanitary sewer overflows (gray infrastructure) and best management practices (green infrastructure) were identified as factors affecting water-quality change. The duration of sanitary sewer overflows was positively correlated with annual loads of nutrients and bacteria, and the drainage area of best management practices was negatively correlated with annual loads of phosphate and sulfate. Results of the study indicate that continued investments in gray and green infrastructure are necessary for urban water-quality improvement. Although this outcome is not unexpected, long-term datasets such as the one used in this study, allow the effects of gray and green infrastructures to be quantified.
Results of this study have implications for the Gwynns Falls watershed and its residents and Baltimore City and County managers. Moreover, outcomes are relevant to other watersheds in the metropolitan region that do not have the same long-term dataset. Further, this study has established a framework for ongoing statistical analysis of primary factors affecting urban water-quality trends as regulatory programs mature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Blue Water Baltimore","usgsCitation":"Majcher, E.H., Woytowitz, E.L., Reisinger, A.J., and Groffman, P.M., 2018, Factors affecting long-term trends in surface-water quality in the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore City and County, Maryland, 1998–2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1038, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181038.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 27 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-094705","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1038/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1038/ofr20181038.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1038"},{"id":353001,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76T0KTJ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nutrient, bacteria, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, & total suspended solids annual loads; green & gray infrastructure; land cover change; & climate data in the Gwynns Falls subwatersheds, Baltimore, Maryland, 1998-2016 "}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Baltimore County","city":"Baltimore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8833,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 39.1667\n ],\n [\n -76.8833,\n 39.1667\n ],\n [\n -76.8833,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Hypothesis testing is fundamental to producing therigorous biological inferences needed to reliably inform wildlife managemen
","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21461","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.S., Sells, S.N., Bassing, S.B., Barker, K.J., Keever, A., Forshee, S.C., and Goerz, J.W., 2018, Explicitly reporting tests of hypotheses improves communication of science: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 82, no. 4, p. 671-673, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21461.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"673","ipdsId":"IP-096082","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sells, Sarah N.","contributorId":171706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sells","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassing, Sarah B.","contributorId":198688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bassing","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barker, Kristin J.","contributorId":204755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keever, Allison","contributorId":187743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keever","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forshee, Shannon C.","contributorId":204756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forshee","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goerz, James W.","contributorId":204757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goerz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70211906,"text":"70211906 - 2018 - Proximate composition, lipid utilization and validation of a non‐lethal method to determine lipid content in migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-11T19:01:50.454924","indexId":"70211906","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T13:55:33","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Proximate composition, lipid utilization and validation of a non‐lethal method to determine lipid content in migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima","title":"Proximate composition, lipid utilization and validation of a non‐lethal method to determine lipid content in migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima","docAbstract":"Lipid content forms the most important energy reserve in anadromous fish and can limit survival, migration and reproductive success. A fat meter was evaluated and compared with a traditional extractive method of measuring available lipid for migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Connecticut River, U.S.A. The fat meter gives rapid (<10 s) and non‐lethal lipid measurements, whereas traditional methods require lethal sampling that is both time consuming and expensive. The fat‐meter readings had a strong relationship to traditional lipid extractions for 60 fish, 30 whole body (R 2 = 0·72) and 30 fillet only (R 2 = 0·81). Additional validation showed that fat‐meter readings captured the gradual decrease of lipid in individual fish over time, were not affected by removal of gonads or scales and were stable for fish exposed to water or air for 24 h after death. These experiments indicate that the fat meter can be used as a reliable tool for future A. sapidissima energetic studies, allowing for larger sample sizes and non‐lethal sampling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.13624","usgsCitation":"Bayse, S.M., Regish, A.M., and McCormick, S.D., 2018, Proximate composition, lipid utilization and validation of a non‐lethal method to determine lipid content in migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 92, no. 6, p. 1832-1848, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13624.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1832","endPage":"1848","ipdsId":"IP-090293","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont","city":"Holyoke, Old Lyme, Turners Falls, Vernon","otherGeospatial":"Cabot Station, Connecticut River, Holyoke Dam, Vernon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.39784240722656,\n 41.29173772671105\n ],\n [\n -72.31338500976562,\n 41.29173772671105\n ],\n [\n -72.31338500976562,\n 41.35155670241318\n ],\n [\n -72.39784240722656,\n 41.35155670241318\n ],\n [\n -72.39784240722656,\n 41.29173772671105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.62168884277344,\n 42.194951362905265\n ],\n [\n -72.58804321289061,\n 42.194951362905265\n ],\n [\n -72.58804321289061,\n 42.2320763395086\n ],\n [\n -72.62168884277344,\n 42.2320763395086\n ],\n [\n -72.62168884277344,\n 42.194951362905265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.5925216370156\n ],\n [\n -72.53311157226561,\n 42.5925216370156\n ],\n [\n -72.53311157226561,\n 42.61577022637093\n ],\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.61577022637093\n ],\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.5925216370156\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.51963615417479,\n 42.76462667907507\n ],\n [\n -72.50761985778809,\n 42.76462667907507\n ],\n [\n -72.50761985778809,\n 42.77675540379361\n ],\n [\n -72.51963615417479,\n 42.77675540379361\n ],\n [\n -72.51963615417479,\n 42.76462667907507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayse, Shannon Michael 0000-0002-0343-4053","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4053","contributorId":228910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayse","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265 aregish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":5415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"aregish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196146,"text":"sir20185047 - 2018 - One-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T16:49:51.433887","indexId":"sir20185047","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5047","title":"One-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016","docAbstract":"Atoll and island coastal communities are highly exposed to sea-level rise, tsunamis, storm surges, rogue waves, king tides, and the occasional combination of multiple factors, such as high regional sea levels, extreme high local tides, and unusually strong wave set-up. The elevation of most of these atolls averages just under 3 meters (m), with many areas roughly at sea level. The lack of high-resolution topographic data has been identified as a critical data gap for hazard vulnerability and adaptation efforts and for high-resolution inundation modeling for atoll nations. Modern topographic survey equipment and airborne lidar surveys can be very difficult and costly to deploy. Therefore, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) were investigated for collecting overlapping imagery to generate topographic digital elevation models (DEMs). Medium- and high-resolution satellite imagery (Landsat 8 and WorldView-3) was investigated to derive nearshore bathymetry.
The Republic of the Marshall Islands is associated with the United States through a Compact of Free Association, and Majuro Atoll is home to the capital city of Majuro and the largest population of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The only elevation datasets currently available for the entire Majuro Atoll are the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 elevation data, which have a 30-m grid-cell spacing and a 8-m vertical root mean square error (RMSE). Both these datasets have inadequate spatial resolution and vertical accuracy for inundation modeling.
The final topobathymetric DEM (TBDEM) developed for Majuro Atoll is derived from various data sources including charts, soundings, acoustic sonar, and UAS and satellite imagery spanning over 70 years of data collection (1944 to 2016) on different sections of the atoll. The RMSE of the TBDEM over the land area is 0.197 m using over 70,000 Global Navigation Satellite System real-time kinematic survey points for validation, and 1.066 m for Landsat 8 and 1.112 m for WorldView-3 derived bathymetry using over 16,000 and 9,000 lidar bathymetry points, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185047","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Poppenga, S.K., Danielson, J.J., Tyler, D.J., Gesch, D.B., Kottermair, M., Jalandoni, A., Carlson, E., Thatcher, C.A., and Barbee, M.M., 2018, One-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5047, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185047.","productDescription":"vii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-090429","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5047/sir20185047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5047"},{"id":352867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5047/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Republic of the Marshall Islands","otherGeospatial":"Majuro Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 170.96923828125,\n 7.009578865370235\n ],\n [\n 171.42654418945312,\n 7.009578865370235\n ],\n [\n 171.42654418945312,\n 7.261669781279355\n ],\n [\n 170.96923828125,\n 7.261669781279355\n ],\n [\n 170.96923828125,\n 7.009578865370235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geographic Science Center
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Mail Stop 521
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The November 14, 2016, Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake (moment magnitude [Mw] 7.8) triggered more than 10,000 landslides over an area of about 12,000 square kilometers in the northeastern part of the South Island of New Zealand. In collaboration with GNS Science (the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science Limited), we conducted ground and helicopter reconnaissance of the affected areas and assisted in rapid hazard evaluation. The majority of the triggered landslides were shallow- to moderate-depth (1–10 meters), highly disrupted falls and slides in rock and debris from Lower Cretaceous graywacke sandstone in the Seaward Kaikoura Range. Deeper, more coherent landslides in weak Upper Cretaceous to Neogene sedimentary rock also were numerous in the gentler topography south and inland (west) of the Seaward Kaikoura Range. The principal ground-failure hazards from the earthquake were the hundreds of valley-blocking landslides, many of which impounded lakes and ponds that posed potential downstream flooding hazards. Both large and small landslides also blocked road and rail corridors in many locations, including the main north-south highway (State Highway 1), which was still closed in October 2017. As part of our investigation, we compared post-earthquake field observations to the output of models used to estimate near-real-time landslide probabilities following earthquakes. The models generally over-predicted landslide occurrence and thus need further refinement.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175146","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., Allstadt, K.E., Rengers, F.K., and Godt, J.W., 2018, Overview of the geologic effects of the November 14, 2016, Mw 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5146, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175146.","productDescription":"vii, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-089881","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352924,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5146/sir20175146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5146"},{"id":352923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5146/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Kaikoura","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 172.5677490234375,\n -43.03276068583201\n ],\n [\n 174.39697265625,\n -43.03276068583201\n ],\n [\n 174.39697265625,\n -41.53325414281323\n ],\n [\n 172.5677490234375,\n -41.53325414281323\n ],\n [\n 172.5677490234375,\n -43.03276068583201\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225
This study presents a synthesis of century-scale hydroclimate variations in North America for the Common Era (last 2000 years) using new age models of previously published multiple proxy-based paleoclimate data. This North American Hydroclimate Synthesis (NAHS) examines regional hydroclimate patterns and related environmental indicators, including vegetation, lake water elevation, stream flow and runoff, cave drip rates, biological productivity, assemblages of living organisms, and salinity. Centennial-scale hydroclimate anomalies are obtained by iteratively sampling the proxy data on each of thousands of age model realizations and determining the fractions of possible time series indicating that the century-smoothed data was anomalously wet or dry relative to the 100 BCE to 1900 CE mean. Results suggest regionally asynchronous wet and dry periods over multidecadal to centennial timescales and frequent periods of extended regional drought. Most sites indicate drying during previously documented multicentennial periods of warmer Northern Hemisphere temperatures, particularly in the western U.S., central U.S., and Canada. Two widespread droughts were documented by the NAHS: from 50 BCE to 450 CE and from 800 to 1100 CE. Major hydroclimate reorganizations occurred out of sync with Northern Hemisphere temperature variations and widespread wet and dry anomalies occurred during both warm and cool periods. We present a broad assessment of paleoclimate relationships that highlights the potential influences of internal variability and external forcing and supports a prominent role for Pacific and Atlantic Ocean dynamics on century-scale continental hydroclimate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.12.025","usgsCitation":"Rodysill, J.R., Anderson, L., Cronin, T.M., Jones, M.C., Thompson, R.S., Wahl, D.B., Willard, D.A., Addison, J.A., Alder, J.R., Anderson, K.H., Anderson, L., Barron, J.A., Bernhardt, C.E., Hostetler, S.W., Kehrwald, N.M., Khan, N., Richey, J.N., Starratt, S.W., Strickland, L.E., Toomey, M., Treat, C.C., and Wingard, G.L., 2018, A North American Hydroclimate Synthesis (NAHS) of the Common Era: Global and Planetary Change, v. 162, p. 175-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.12.025.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-089799","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70228031,"text":"70228031 - 2018 - Identifying holes in the greater sage-grouse conservation umbrella","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T15:03:43.15804","indexId":"70228031","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T09:01:14","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying holes in the greater sage-grouse conservation umbrella","docAbstract":"The umbrella species concept, wherein multiple species are indirectly protected under the umbrella of a reserve created for one, is intended to enhance conservation efficiency. Although appealing in theory and common in practice, empirical tests of the concept have been scarce. We used a real-world, semi-protected reserve established to protect a high-profile umbrella species (greater sage-grouse [Centrocercus urophasianus]) to investigate 2 potential mechanisms underlying the concept's successful application: reserve size and species similarity. We estimated how much habitat protection the established reserve provided to 52 species of conservation concern associated with vegetation communities where greater sage-grouse occur. To illustrate the importance of reserve size, we compared the effectiveness of the established reserve to alternative greater sage-grouse reserves of various sizes and to simulated reserves of equal size but sited with no regard for greater sage-grouse. We further assessed whether key species’ traits were associated with different levels of protection under the umbrella reserve. The established umbrella reserve protected 82% of the state's greater sage-grouse population and 0–63% of the habitat of the background species examined. The reserve outperformed equally sized, simulated reserves for only 12 of 52 background species. As expected, larger alternative reserves served as better umbrellas, but regardless of reserve size, not all species received equal protection. The established reserve was most effective at protecting the habitat of species that were most similar to the umbrella species (i.e., avian species, those highly associated with sagebrush plant communities, and those with widespread habitat). In contrast, the habitat of species with restricted distributions, particularly when combined with vegetation associations not closely matching the umbrella species, was not protected as well by the umbrella reserve. Such species require additional, targeted attention to achieve conservation objectives. Successful application of the umbrella species concept requires careful consideration of the characteristics of the umbrella species, the reserve delineated on its behalf, and the similarity of the umbrella species to its purported background species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21460","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, J.D., Keinath, D.A., Albeke, S., and Chalfoun, A.D., 2018, Identifying holes in the greater sage-grouse conservation umbrella: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 82, no. 5, p. 948-957, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21460.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"957","ipdsId":"IP-096753","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10552612","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 41.00477542222947\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Jason D.","contributorId":272319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keinath, Douglas A.","contributorId":274356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keinath","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albeke, Shannon E.","contributorId":244121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albeke","given":"Shannon E.","affiliations":[{"id":48000,"text":"U Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. 0000-0002-0219-6006 achalfoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-6006","contributorId":197589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196281,"text":"70196281 - 2018 - Mineral constraints on arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus): a spatial and phenological perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T12:19:31","indexId":"70196281","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mineral constraints on arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus): a spatial and phenological perspective","title":"Mineral constraints on arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus): a spatial and phenological perspective","docAbstract":"Arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus) have the longest terrestrial migration of any ungulate but little is known about the spatial and seasonal variation of minerals in summer forages and the potential impacts of mineral nutrition on the foraging behavior and nutritional condition of arctic caribou. We investigated the phenology, availability, and mechanistic relationships of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in three species of woody browse, three species of graminoids, and one forb preferred by caribou over two transects bisecting the ranges of the Central Arctic (CAH) and Western Arctic (WAH) caribou herds in Alaska. Transects traversed three ecoregions (Coastal Plain, Arctic Foothills and Brooks Range) along known migration paths in the summer ranges of both herds. Concentrations of mineral in forages were compared to estimated dietary requirements of lactating female caribou. Spatial distribution of the abundance of minerals in caribou forage was associated with interactions of soil pH and mineral content, while temporal variation was related to plant maturity, and thus nitrogen and fiber content of forages. Concentrations of sodium were below caribou requirements in all forage species for most of the summer and adequate only on the Coastal Plain during the second half of summer. Phosphorus declined in plants from emergence to senescence and was below requirements in all forages by mid‐summer, while concentrations of copper declined to marginal concentrations at plant senescence. Interactions of sodium with potassium, calcium with phosphorus, and copper with zinc in forages likely exacerbate the constraints of low concentrations sodium, phosphorus, and copper. Forages on the WAH contained significantly more phosphorus and copper than forages collected on the CAH transect. We suspect that migrations of caribou to the Arctic Coastal Plain may allow parturient females to replenish sodium stores depleted by foraging inland through the long arctic winters, while also extending the availability of adequate phosphorus, if animals are able to selectively track emerging waves of forage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2160","usgsCitation":"Oster, K.W., Barboza, P., Gustine, D.D., Joly, K., and Shively, R.D., 2018, Mineral constraints on arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus): a spatial and phenological perspective: Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 3, e02160; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2160.","productDescription":"e02160; 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088797","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.57644086491786\n ],\n [\n -148.18359375,\n 68.57644086491786\n ],\n [\n -148.18359375,\n 71.42017915498717\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 71.42017915498717\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.57644086491786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f5e4b0da30c1bfbfab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oster, K. 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D.","contributorId":203679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shively","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36683,"text":"Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196272,"text":"70196272 - 2018 - Evaluating and monitoring forest fuel treatments using remote sensing applications in Arizona, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:02:23","indexId":"70196272","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating and monitoring forest fuel treatments using remote sensing applications in Arizona, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The practice of fire suppression across the western United States over the past century has led to dense forests, and when coupled with drought has contributed to an increase in large and destructive wildfires. Forest management efforts aimed at reducing flammable fuels through various fuel treatments can help to restore frequent fire regimes and increase forest resilience. Our research examines how different fuel treatments influenced burn severity and post-fire vegetative stand dynamics on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, in east-central Arizona, U.S.A. Our methods included the use of multitemporal remote sensing data and cloud computing to evaluate burn severity and post-fire vegetation conditions as well as statistical analyses. We investigated how forest thinning, commercial harvesting, prescribed burning, and resource benefit burning (managed wildfire) related to satellite measured burn severity (the difference Normalized Burn Ratio – dNBR) following the 2013 Creek Fire and used spectral measures of post-fire stand dynamics to track changes in land surface characteristics (i.e., brightness, greenness and wetness). We found strong negative relationships between dNBR and post-fire greenness and wetness, and a positive non-linear relationship between dNBR and brightness, with greater variability at higher severities. Fire severity and post-fire surface changes also differed by treatment type. Our results showed harvested and thinned sites that were not treated with prescribed fire had the highest severity fire. When harvesting was followed by a prescribed burn, the sites experienced lower burn severity and reduced post-fire changes in vegetation greenness and wetness. Areas that had previously experienced resource benefit burns had the lowest burn severities and the highest post-fire greenness measurements compared to all other treatments, except for where the prescribed burn had occurred. These results suggest that fire treatments may be most effective at reducing the probability of hazardous fire and increasing post-fire recovery. This research demonstrates the utility of remote sensing and spatial data to inform forest management, and how various fuel treatments can influence burn severity and post-fire vegetation response within ponderosa pine forests across the southwestern U.S.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.036","usgsCitation":"Petrakis, R., Villarreal, M.L., Wu, Z., Hetzler, R., Middleton, B.R., and Norman, L., 2018, Evaluating and monitoring forest fuel treatments using remote sensing applications in Arizona, U.S.A.: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 413, p. 48-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.036.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"61","ipdsId":"IP-083699","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z31WW4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Dataset for 2013 Creek Fire Research Points, Pre- and Post-Fire Data"},{"id":352992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.75,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"413","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f5e4b0da30c1bfbfaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Zhuoting 0000-0001-7393-1832 zwu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1832","contributorId":4953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Zhuoting","email":"zwu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hetzler, Robert","contributorId":203299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetzler","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36595,"text":"BIA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Middleton, Barry R. 0000-0001-8924-4121 bmiddleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-4121","contributorId":3947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","email":"bmiddleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196282,"text":"70196282 - 2018 - Anthropocene landscape change and the legacy of nineteenth- and twentieth-century mining in the Fourmile Catchment, Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T13:45:59","indexId":"70196282","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5419,"text":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropocene landscape change and the legacy of nineteenth- and twentieth-century mining in the Fourmile Catchment, Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Human impacts on earth surface processes and materials are fundamental to understanding the proposed Anthropocene epoch. This study examines the magnitude, distribution, and long-term context of nineteenth- and twentieth-century mining in the Fourmile Creek catchment, Colorado, coupling airborne LiDAR topographic analysis with historical documents and field studies of river banks exposed by 2013 flooding. Mining impacts represent the dominant Anthropocene landscape change for this basin. Mining activity, particularly placer operations, controls floodplain stratigraphy and waste rock piles related to mining cover >5% of hillslopes in the catchment. Total rates of surface disturbance on slopes from mining activities (prospecting, mining, and road building) exceed pre-nineteenth-century rates by at least fifty times. Recent flooding and the overprint of human impacts obscure the record of Holocene floodplain evolution. Stratigraphic relations indicate that the Fourmile valley floor was as much as two meters higher in the past 2,000 years and that placer reworking, lateral erosion, or minor downcutting dominated from the late Holocene to present. Concentrations of As and Au in the fine fraction of hillslope soil, mining-related deposits, and fluvial deposits serve as a geochemical marker of mining activity in the catchment; reducing As and Au values in floodplain sediment will take hundreds of years to millennia. Overall, the Fourmile Creek catchment provides a valuable example of Anthropocene landscape change for mountainous regions of the Western United States, where hillslope and floodplain markers of human activity vary, high rates of geomorphic processes affect mixing and preservation of marker deposits, and long-term impact varies by landscape location.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/24694452.2017.1406329","usgsCitation":"Dethier, D.P., Ouimet, W.B., Murphy, S.F., Kotikian, M., Wicherski, W., and Samuels, R.M., 2018, Anthropocene landscape change and the legacy of nineteenth- and twentieth-century mining in the Fourmile Catchment, Colorado Front Range: Annals of the American Association of Geographers, v. 108, no. 4, p. 917-937, https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2017.1406329.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"937","ipdsId":"IP-080139","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek catchment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.92742919921875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -104.38934326171874,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -104.38934326171874,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -105.92742919921875,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -105.92742919921875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f5e4b0da30c1bfbfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":203680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dethier","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36684,"text":"Geosciences Dept., Williams College, Williamstown, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ouimet, William B.","contributorId":203681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ouimet","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36685,"text":"Dept. of Geography; Center for Integrative Geosciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kotikian, Maneh","contributorId":203682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kotikian","given":"Maneh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36686,"text":"Department of Geology and Geography, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wicherski, Will","contributorId":203683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wicherski","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36684,"text":"Geosciences Dept., Williams College, Williamstown, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Samuels, Rachel M.","contributorId":203684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuels","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36687,"text":"Department of Geology, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington Street, Lexington, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196072,"text":"70196072 - 2018 - Wave attenuation across a tidal marsh in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:38:58","indexId":"70196072","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave attenuation across a tidal marsh in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Wave attenuation is a central process in the mechanics of a healthy salt marsh. Understanding how wave attenuation varies with vegetation and hydrodynamic conditions informs models of other marsh processes that are a function of wave energy (e.g. sediment transport) and allows for the incorporation of marshes into coastal protection plans. Here, we examine the evolution of wave height across a tidal salt marsh in San Francisco Bay. Instruments were deployed along a cross-shore transect, starting on the mudflat and crossing through zones dominated by Spartina foliosa and Salicornia pacifica. This dataset is the first to quantify wave attenuation for these vegetation species, which are abundant in the intertidal zone of California estuaries. Measurements were collected in the summer and winter to assess seasonal variation in wave attenuation. Calculated drag coefficients of S. foliosa and S. pacifica were similar, indicating equal amounts of vegetation would lead to similar energy dissipation; however, S. pacifica has much greater biomass close to the bed (<20 cm) and retains biomass throughout the year, and therefore, it causes more total attenuation. S. foliosa dies back in the winter, and waves often grow across this section of the marsh. For both vegetation types, attenuation was greatest for low water depths, when the vegetation was emergent. For both seasons, attenuation rates across S. pacifica were the highest and were greater than published attenuation rates across similar (Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes for the comparable depths. These results can inform designs for marsh restorations and management plans in San Francisco Bay and other estuaries containing these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.02.001","usgsCitation":"Foster-Martinez, M.R., Lacy, J.R., Ferner, M.C., and Variano, E., 2018, Wave attenuation across a tidal marsh in San Francisco Bay: Coastal Engineering, v. 136, p. 26-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.02.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-090999","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.02.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.50717163085938,\n 38.00049145082287\n ],\n [\n -122.44949340820312,\n 38.00049145082287\n ],\n [\n -122.44949340820312,\n 38.03132654864846\n ],\n [\n -122.50717163085938,\n 38.03132654864846\n ],\n [\n -122.50717163085938,\n 38.00049145082287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"136","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f5e4b0da30c1bfbfb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster-Martinez, Madeline R.","contributorId":201705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster-Martinez","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferner, Matthew C.","contributorId":176972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferner","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Variano, Evan A.","contributorId":67793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Variano","given":"Evan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196291,"text":"70196291 - 2018 - Lessons learned from research and surveillance directed at highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in wild birds inhabiting North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T13:57:01","indexId":"70196291","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lessons learned from research and surveillance directed at highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in wild birds inhabiting North America","docAbstract":"Following detections of highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A viruses (IAVs) in wild birds inhabiting East Asia after the turn of the millennium, the intensity of sampling of wild birds for IAVs increased throughout much of North America. The objectives for many research and surveillance efforts were directed towards detecting Eurasian origin HP IAVs and understanding the potential of such viruses to be maintained and dispersed by wild birds. In this review, we highlight five important lessons learned from research and surveillance directed at HP IAVs in wild birds inhabiting North America: (1) Wild birds may disperse IAVs between North America and adjacent regions via migration, (2) HP IAVs can be introduced to wild birds in North America, (3) HP IAVs may cross the wild bird-poultry interface in North America, (4) The probability of encountering and detecting a specific virus may be low, and (5) Population immunity of wild birds may influence HP IAV outbreaks in North America. We review empirical support derived from research and surveillance efforts for each lesson learned and, furthermore, identify implications for future surveillance efforts, biosecurity, and population health. We conclude our review by identifying five additional areas in which we think future mechanistic research relative to IAVs in wild birds in North America are likely to lead to other important lessons learned in the years ahead.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.002","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., DeLiberto, T.J., Berhane, Y., Swayne, D.E., and Stallknecht, D.E., 2018, Lessons learned from research and surveillance directed at highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in wild birds inhabiting North America: Virology, v. 518, p. 55-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-092056","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"518","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f4e4b0da30c1bfbfa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLiberto, Thomas J.","contributorId":145606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16167,"text":"7United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berhane, Yohannes","contributorId":145607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berhane","given":"Yohannes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16168,"text":"National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3L 3M4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayne, David E.","contributorId":86218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayne","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":20230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196278,"text":"70196278 - 2018 - Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in migratory birds inhabiting remote Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T10:25:06","indexId":"70196278","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in migratory birds inhabiting remote Alaska","title":"Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in migratory birds inhabiting remote Alaska","docAbstract":"We explored the abundance of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli among migratory birds at remote sites in Alaska and used a comparative approach to speculate on plausible explanations for differences in detection among species. At a remote island site, we detected antibiotic-resistant E. coli phenotypes in samples collected from glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens), a species often associated with foraging at landfills, but not in samples collected from black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), a more pelagic gull that typically inhabits remote areas year-round. We did not find evidence for antibiotic-resistant E. coli among 347 samples collected primarily from waterfowl at a second remote site in western Alaska. Our results provide evidence that glaucous-winged gulls may be more likely to be infected with antibiotic-resistant E. coli at remote breeding sites as compared to sympatric black-legged kittiwakes. This could be a function of the tendency of glaucous-winged gulls to forage at landfills where antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections may be acquired and subsequently dispersed. The low overall detection of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in migratory birds sampled at remote sites in Alaska is consistent with the premise that anthropogenic inputs into the local environment or the relative lack thereof influences the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among birds inhabiting the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-017-1302-5","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Hernandez, J., Tyrlov, V., Uher-Koch, B.D., Schmutz, J.A., Atterby, C., Jarhult, J.D., and Bonnedahl, J., 2018, Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in migratory birds inhabiting remote Alaska: EcoHealth, v. 15, no. 1, p. 72-81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-017-1302-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-085669","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7SF2TPW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Migratory Birds Inhabiting Remote Alaska, 2015"},{"id":352989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"15","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f5e4b0da30c1bfbfad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hernandez, Jorge","contributorId":203652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Jorge","affiliations":[{"id":36674,"text":"Department of Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyrlov, Veronica","contributorId":203653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyrlov","given":"Veronica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36674,"text":"Department of Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atterby, Clara","contributorId":181796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atterby","given":"Clara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jarhult, Josef D.","contributorId":203656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarhult","given":"Josef","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36675,"text":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bonnedahl, Jonas","contributorId":181800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonnedahl","given":"Jonas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70196288,"text":"70196288 - 2018 - Benthic assemblages of mega epifauna on the Oregon continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T14:12:46","indexId":"70196288","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic assemblages of mega epifauna on the Oregon continental margin","docAbstract":"Environmental assessment studies are usually required by a country's administration before issuing permits for any industrial activities. One of the goals of such environmental assessment studies is to highlight species assemblages and habitat composition that could make the targeted area unique. A section of the Oregon continental slope that had not been previously explored was targeted for the deployment of floating wind turbines. We carried out an underwater video survey, using a towed camera sled, to describe its benthic assemblages. Organisms were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and assemblages described related to the nature of the seafloor and the depth. We highlighted six invertebrate assemblages and three fish assemblages. For the invertebrates within flat soft sediments areas we defined three different assemblages based on primarily depth: a broad mid-depth (98–315 m) assemblage dominated by red octopus, sea pens and pink shrimps; a narrower mid-depth (250–270 m) assemblage dominated by box crabs and various other invertebrates; and a deeper (310–600 m) assemblage dominated by sea urchins, sea anemones, various snails and zoroasterid sea stars. The invertebrates on mixed sediments also were divided into three different assemblages: a shallow (~100 m deep) assemblage dominated by plumose sea anemones, broad mid-depth (170–370 m) assemblage dominated by sea cucumbers and various other invertebrates; and, again, a narrower mid-depth (230–270 m) assemblage, dominated by crinoids and encrusting invertebrates. For the fish, we identified a rockfish assemblage on coarse mixed sediments at 170–370 m and another fish assemblage on smaller mixed sediments within that depth range (250–370 m) dominated by thornyheads, poachers and flatfishes; and we identified a wide depth-range (98–600 m) fish assemblage on flat soft sediments dominated by flatfishes, eelpouts and thornyheads. Three of these assemblages (the two broad fish assemblages and the deep flat soft sediments invertebrate assemblage) seem to represent deeper examples of assemblages already known on the Oregon continental shelf, especially on soft sediments, while the assemblages in the pockmarks habitat (the narrower depth ranges) might be unique to the area. This diversity of assemblages in a relatively small section of the Oregon continental upper slope and shelf shows the importance of environmental assessment studies in helping limit future impacts of industrial activities on benthic communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2018.03.004","usgsCitation":"Hemery, L.G., Henkel, S.K., and Cochrane, G.R., 2018, Benthic assemblages of mega epifauna on the Oregon continental margin: Continental Shelf Research, v. 159, p. 24-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.03.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-084936","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.8,\n 43.3\n ],\n [\n -124.4167,\n 43.3\n ],\n [\n -124.4167,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -124.8,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -124.8,\n 43.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"159","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f5e4b0da30c1bfbfa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemery, Lenaig G. 0000-0001-5337-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-4514","contributorId":191397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemery","given":"Lenaig","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henkel, Sarah K.","contributorId":191398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henkel","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194969,"text":"ofr20171136 - 2018 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2015 through September 2016) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T06:35:26","indexId":"ofr20171136","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1136","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2015 through September 2016) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in selected streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork Basin of western Montana. The sampling program was led by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2015 through September 2016. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2016.
This report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2015 through September 2016. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Samples for analysis of turbidity were collected at 13 sites, whereas samples for analysis of dissolved organic carbon were collected at 10 sites. In addition, samples for analysis of nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite) were collected at two sites. Daily values of mean suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for three sites. Seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined for five sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained (less than 0.063 millimeter) fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin are provided for the period of record.
","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Turner, M.A., 2018, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2015 through September 2016) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1136, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171136.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 118 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"128","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-089429","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352885,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6WDM","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-Quality, Bed-Sediment, and Biological Data (October 2015 through September 2016) and Statistical Summaries of Data for Streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana"},{"id":352884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pubs/of/2017/1136/ofr20171136.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2017–1136"},{"id":352883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pubs/of/2017/1136/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 45.85\n ],\n [\n -112.41485595703125,\n 45.85\n ],\n [\n -112.41485595703125,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 45.85\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
A substantial part of the U.S. Pacific Northwest is underlain by Cenozoic volcanic and continental sedimentary rocks and, where widespread, these strata form important aquifers. The legacy geologic mapping presented with this report contains new thematic categorization added to state digital compilations published by the U.S. Geological Survey for Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Washington (Ludington and others, 2005). Our additional coding is designed to allow rapid characterization, mainly for hydrogeologic purposes, of similar rocks and deposits within a boundary expanded slightly beyond that of the Pacific Northwest Volcanic Aquifer System study area. To be useful for hydrogeologic analysis and to be more statistically manageable, statewide compilations from Ludington and others (2005) were mosaicked into a regional map and then reinterpreted into four main categories on the basis of (1) age, (2) composition, (3) hydrogeologic grouping, and (4) lithologic pattern. The coding scheme emphasizes Cenozoic volcanic or volcanic-related rocks and deposits, and of primary interest are the codings for composition and age.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181030","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., and Keith, M.K., 2018, GIS database and discussion for the distribution, composition, and age of Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Pacific Northwest Volcanic Aquifer System study area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1030, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181030. ","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 16 p.; Spatial data; Metadata; Readme","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-085785","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1030/ofr20181030_readme.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2018-1030 Read Me"},{"id":353014,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1030/ofr20181030_NVASA_AgeComp_gis.zip","size":"14.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2018-1030 GIS"},{"id":353008,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1030/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353009,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1030/ofr20181030_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"5.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1030 Pamphlet"},{"id":353013,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1030/ofr20181030_NVASA_AgeComp_metadata.zip","size":"14 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2018-1030 Metadata"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest Volcanic Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory - Portland
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court
Vancouver, WA, 98683
Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) can have profound effects on terrestrial carbon dynamics, yet their effects on the global carbon budget remain uncertain. While land change impacts on ecosystem carbon dynamics have been the focus of numerous studies, few efforts have been based on observational data incorporating multiple ecosystem types spanning large geographic areas over long time horizons. In this study we use a variety of synoptic-scale remote sensing data to estimate the effect of LULC changes associated with urbanization, agricultural expansion and contraction, forest harvest, and wildfire on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems (forest, grasslands, shrublands, and agriculture) in the conterminous United States (i.e. excluding Alaska and Hawaii) between 1973 and 2010. We estimate large net declines in the area of agriculture and forest, along with relatively small increases in grasslands and shrublands. The largest net change in any class was an estimated gain of 114 865 km2 of developed lands, an average rate of 3282 km2 yr−1. On average, US ecosystems sequestered carbon at an annual rate of 254 Tg C yr−1. In forest lands, the net sink declined by 35% over the study period, largely a result of land-use legacy, increasing disturbances, and reductions in forest area due to land use conversion. Uncertainty in LULC change data contributed to a ~16% margin of error in the annual carbon sink estimate prior to 1985 (approximately ±40 Tg C yr−1). Improvements in LULC and disturbance mapping starting in the mid-1980s reduced this uncertainty by ~50% after 1985. We conclude that changes in LULC are a critical component to understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics, and continued improvements in detection, quantification, and attribution of change have the potential to significantly reduce current uncertainties.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/aab540","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Liu, J., Daniel, C., Rayfield, B., Sherba, J.T., Hawbaker, T., Zhu, Z., Selmants, P., and Loveland, T., 2018, Effects of contemporary land-use and land-cover change on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in the United States: Environmental Research Letters, v. 13, Article 045006; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab540.","productDescription":"Article 045006; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-093889","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab540","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f5e4b0da30c1bfbfa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniel, Colin J. 0000-0001-7367-2041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-2041","contributorId":203689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniel","given":"Colin","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36689,"text":"Apex Resource Management Solutions; University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rayfield, Bronwyn 0000-0003-1768-1300","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-1300","contributorId":203690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rayfield","given":"Bronwyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36690,"text":"Apex Resource Management Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherba, Jason T. 0000-0001-9151-686X jsherba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-686X","contributorId":196154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherba","given":"Jason","email":"jsherba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Selmants, Paul C. 0000-0001-6211-3957 pselmants@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-3957","contributorId":192591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selmants","given":"Paul","email":"pselmants@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70196289,"text":"70196289 - 2018 - Phylogeny and species traits predict bird detectability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-04T13:31:07","indexId":"70196289","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeny and species traits predict bird detectability","docAbstract":"Avian acoustic communication has resulted from evolutionary pressures and ecological constraints. We therefore expect that auditory detectability in birds might be predictable by species traits and phylogenetic relatedness. We evaluated the relationship between phylogeny, species traits, and field‐based estimates of the two processes that determine species detectability (singing rate and detection distance) for 141 bird species breeding in boreal North America. We used phylogenetic mixed models and cross‐validation to compare the relative merits of using trait data only, phylogeny only, or the combination of both to predict detectability. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in both singing rates and detection distances; however the strength of phylogenetic effects was less than expected under Brownian motion evolution. The evolution of behavioural traits that determine singing rates was found to be more labile, leaving more room for species to evolve independently, whereas detection distance was mostly determined by anatomy (i.e. body size) and thus the laws of physics. Our findings can help in disentangling how complex ecological and evolutionary mechanisms have shaped different aspects of detectability in boreal birds. Such information can greatly inform single‐ and multi‐species models but more work is required to better understand how to best correct possible biases in phylogenetic diversity and other community metrics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.03415","usgsCitation":"Solymos, P., Matsuoka, S.M., Stralberg, D., Barker, N.K., and Bayne, E.M., 2018, Phylogeny and species traits predict bird detectability: Ecography, v. 41, no. 10, p. 1595-1603, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03415.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1595","endPage":"1603","ipdsId":"IP-088898","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6f4e4b0da30c1bfbfa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solymos, Peter","contributorId":203718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solymos","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stralberg, Diana","contributorId":187413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stralberg","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barker, Nicole K. S.","contributorId":203720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"K. S.","affiliations":[{"id":36697,"text":"Boreal Avian Modeling Project","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bayne, Erin M.","contributorId":140675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayne","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195805,"text":"sir20185035 - 2018 - The Ozark Plateaus Regional Aquifer Study—Documentation of a groundwater-flow model constructed to assess water availability in the Ozark Plateaus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T06:02:39","indexId":"sir20185035","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5035","title":"The Ozark Plateaus Regional Aquifer Study—Documentation of a groundwater-flow model constructed to assess water availability in the Ozark Plateaus","docAbstract":"Recent short-term drought conditions have emphasized the need to better understand the delicate balance between abundance, sustainability, and scarcity of groundwater in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey began construction of a groundwater-flow model as a tool for the assessment of groundwater availability in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. The model was developed to benefit concurrent and future investigations involving groundwater-pumping scenarios, optimization, particle transport, and groundwater-monitoring network analysis.
The groundwater model simulates 116 years (1900–2015) of hydrologic conditions and the response of the groundwater system to changes in stress including changes in recharge and groundwater pumping for water supply. Semiseasonal stress periods were simulated from the later part of 1991 to 2015 and represent higher demand and lower recharge in the spring and summer months and lower demand and higher recharge in the fall and winter months. Groundwater pumping increases throughout the simulation period with a maximum rate of about 600 million gallons per day (Mgal/d).
The process of matching historical hydrologic data for the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system model was accomplished by a combination of manual changes to parameter values and automated calibration methods. Observation data used in the development and evaluation of the model included 19,045 hydraulic-head observations from 6,683 wells within the model area. Observation data also included stream leakage estimates summed to calculate a net gain or net loss value for approximately 81 named streams.
The majority (mean of over 95 percent) of the recharge component is discharged through streams simulated in the model. The total simulated discharge to streams fluctuates seasonally between 7,500 and 17,500 Mgal/d with a mean outflow of 11,500 Mgal/d. Much of the remaining balance between modeled recharge inflows and stream outflows is made up by water moving into or out of storage in the aquifer system resulting in changes in modeled groundwater levels.
The goal of the model was to develop a model capable of suitable accuracy at regional scales. The intent was not to reproduce individual local-scale details, which are typically not possible given the uniform cell size of 1 square mile. Although the model may not represent each local-scale detail, the model can be applied for a better understanding of the regional flow system and to evaluate responses to changes in climate and groundwater pumping.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185035","collaboration":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Richards, J.M., and Knierim, K.J., 2018, The Ozark Plateaus Regional Aquifer Study—Documentation of a groundwater-flow model constructed to assess water availability in the Ozark Plateaus: U.S. Geological Survey Report 2018–5035, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185035.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079993","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5035/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":352962,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"Water Availability and Use Science Program"},{"id":352957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5035/sir20185035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5035"},{"id":352958,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F718350W","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model of groundwater flow in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":" Ozark Plateaus aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3,\n 35.0333\n ],\n [\n -89.25,\n 35.0333\n ],\n [\n -89.25,\n 39.0667\n ],\n [\n -95.3,\n 39.0667\n ],\n [\n -95.3,\n 35.0333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
700 W. Research Blvd.
Fayetteville, AR 72701
Evidence of disease and mortalities of young of the year (age‐0) Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu has occurred during the late spring and summer in many parts of the Susquehanna River watershed since 2005. To better understand contributing factors, fish collected from multiple areas throughout the watershed as well as out‐of‐basin reference populations (Allegheny and Delaware River basins; experimental ponds, Kearneysville, West Virginia) were examined grossly and histologically for abnormalities. Tissue contaminant concentrations were determined from whole‐body homogenates, and water contaminant concentrations were estimated using time‐integrated passive samplers at selected sites. Observed or isolated pathogens included bacteria, predominantly motile Aeromonas spp. and Flavobacterium columnare ; largemouth bass virus, and parasites, including trematode metacercariae, cestodes, and the myxozoan Myxobolus inornatus . Although these pathogens were found in age‐0 Smallmouth Bass from multiple sites, no one pathogen was consistently associated with mortality. Chemicals detected in tissue included polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, organochlorine, and current‐use pesticides. Pyraclostrobin, PCB congeners 170 and 187, cis‐chlordane and trans‐nonachlor were detected in all Susquehanna watershed samples but rarely in samples from the reference site. The findings support the idea that there is no single cause for disease of age‐0 Smallmouth Bass; rather the cumulative effects of co‐infections and potential immunomodulation by environmental stressors during a sensitive developmental life stage may lead to mortality. Identifying the most important risk factors will be necessary for more in‐depth analyses of individual stressors and better management of the habitat and fish populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aah.10009","usgsCitation":"Walsh, H.L., Blazer, V., Smith, G., Lookenbill, M., Alvarez, D.A., and Smalling, K., 2018, Risk factors associated with mortality of age-0 Smallmouth Bass in the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 30, no. 1, p. 65-80, https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10009.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-088555","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.475341796875,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -75.443115234375,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -75.443115234375,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -78.475341796875,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -78.475341796875,\n 39.74943369178247\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":213348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey","contributorId":199064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lookenbill, Michael 0000-0001-5857-8276","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-8276","contributorId":236910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lookenbill","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17703,"text":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":220763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":214623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202375,"text":"70202375 - 2018 - A consistent global approach for the morphometric characterization of subaqueous landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T13:25:29","indexId":"70202375","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-28T13:25:17","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1791,"text":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A consistent global approach for the morphometric characterization of subaqueous landslides","docAbstract":"Landslides are common in aquatic settings worldwide, from lakes and coastal environments to the deep sea. Fast-moving, large-volume landslides can potentially trigger destructive tsunamis. Landslides damage and disrupt global communication links and other critical marine infrastructure. Landslide deposits act as foci for localized, but important, deep-seafloor biological communities. Under burial, landslide deposits play an important role in a successful petroleum system. While the broad importance of understanding subaqueous landslide processes is evident, a number of important scientific questions have yet to receive the needed attention. Collecting quantitative data is a critical step to addressing questions surrounding subaqueous landslides.
Quantitative metrics of subaqueous landslides are routinely recorded, but which ones, and how they are defined, depends on the end-user focus. Differences in focus can inhibit communication of knowledge between communities, and complicate comparative analysis. This study outlines an approach specifically for consistent measurement of subaqueous landslide morphometrics to be used in the design of a broader, global open-source, peer-curated database. Examples from different settings illustrate how the approach can be applied, as well as the difficulties encountered when analysing different landslides and data types. Standardizing data collection for subaqueous landslides should result in more accurate geohazard predictions and resource estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP477.15","usgsCitation":"Clare, M., Chaytor, J., Dabson, O., Gamboa, D., Georgiopoulou, A., Eady, H., Hunt, J., Jackson, C., Katz, O., Krastel, S., Leon, R., Micallef, A., Moernaut, J., Moriconi, R., Moscardelli, L., Mueller, C., Normandeau, A., Patacci, M., Steventon, M., Urlaub, M., Volker, D., Wood, L., and Jobe, Z.R., 2018, A consistent global approach for the morphometric characterization of subaqueous landslides: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 477, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.15.","productDescription":"23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-090342","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp477.15","text":"Publisher Index 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USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70216337,"text":"70216337 - 2018 - Hierarchical modeling assessment of the influence of watershed stressors on fish and invertebrate species in Gulf of Mexico estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T15:39:40.108738","indexId":"70216337","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-28T09:35:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical modeling assessment of the influence of watershed stressors on fish and invertebrate species in Gulf of Mexico estuaries","docAbstract":"The northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) spans five U.S. states and encompasses estuaries that vary greatly in size, shape, upstream river input, eutrophication status, and biotic communities. Given the variability among these estuaries, assessing their biological condition relative to anthropogenic stressors is challenging, but important to regional fisheries management and habitat conservation initiatives. Here, a hierarchical generalized linear modeling approach was developed to predict species presence in bottom trawl samples, using data from 33 estuaries over a nineteen-year study period. This is the first GoM estuary assessment to leverage Gulf-wide trawl data to develop species-level indicators and a quantitative index of estuary disturbance. After controlling for sources of variability at the sampling event, estuary, state, and sampling program levels, our approach screened for statistically significant relationships between watershed-level anthropogenic stressors and fish and invertebrate species presence. Modeling results indicate species level indicators with sensitivities to landscape stressor gradients. The most influential stressors include total anthropogenic land use, crop land use, and the number of toxic release sites in upstream watersheds, as well as agriculture in the shoreline buffer, each of which was significantly related to between 21% and 39% of the 57 species studied. Averaging the effects of these influential stressors across species, we develop a quantitative estuary stress index that can be compared against benchmark conditions. In general, disturbance levels were greatest in estuaries west of the Mississippi delta and in highly developed estuaries in southwest Florida. Estuaries from the Florida panhandle to the eastern Mississippi delta had less anthropogenic stress.