We evaluated competing models explaining the occurrence of five stream fishes in an urbanizing watershed to determine the relative importance of (a) impervious surface and other indicators of current land use, (b) historic land use (e.g., agriculture, impoundments), and (c) hydrogeomorphic characteristics (e.g., stream size, elevation, geology). For four of five species, the best-supported models were those that included both current effective impervious cover and historic land use predictor variables, although models with only effective impervious cover were equally well supported for two of those species. For the best-supported models for three species, occurrence probability was predicted to approach zero at levels of development equivalent to about 2%–4% effective impervious cover in the surrounding region. Data were drawn from 357 fish collections made in the Etowah River basin, Georgia, USA, between 1998 and 2003 and analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression accounting for imperfect species detection. This is the first study we know of to examine the response of individual fish species to both increasing impervious cover and historic land use. Such individual species assessments will be increasingly necessary to guide policies for managing urban effects and preventing extirpations of sensitive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/F08-046","usgsCitation":"Wenger, S.J., Peterson, J., Freeman, M.C., Freeman, B.J., and Homans, D.D., 2008, Stream fish occurrence in response to impervious cover, historic land use, and hydrogeomorphic factors: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 7, p. 1250-1264, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-046.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1250","endPage":"1264","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenger, Seth J.","contributorId":64786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Byron J.","contributorId":49782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Homans, D. David","contributorId":107833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homans","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224897,"text":"5224897 - 2008 - Juvenile survival in a tropical population of roseate terns: Interannual variation and effect of tick parasitism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T09:36:36","indexId":"5224897","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile survival in a tropical population of roseate terns: Interannual variation and effect of tick parasitism","docAbstract":"Many demographic studies on long-lived seabirds have focused on the estimation of adult survival, but much less is known about survival during the early years of life, especially in tropical species. We report analyses of a capture–recapture dataset of 685 roseate terns ringed as fledglings and adults between 1998 and 2005 on Aride Island, Seychelles, and recaptured/resighted at the same colony site over a 5 yr (2002 to 2006) period. A multistate model was used to estimate survival for different age classes, including juvenile (first-year) birds returning as non-breeding prospectors. The effect of infestation by parasites (ticks) on survival was also examined. Overall, the estimated return of first-year individuals to the natal colony was very variable, ranging from 2 to 22%. Conditioned on survival, the probability of returning from Age 2 yr onwards increased to 70%. Survival rates were best modeled as time-specific, with estimates varying from 0.02 to 1.00 (mean 0.69) in first-year birds with a marked negative effect of tick infestation. In older birds (minimum age of 2 yr), the annual estimates fell between 0.69 and 0.86 (mean 0.77). Using a components of variance approach for estimation of year-to-year variation, we found high temporal variability for first-year individuals (coefficient of variation [CV] = 65%) compared to much less variation in the survival rate of older birds (CV = 9%). These findings agree with the life-history prediction that demographic rates of juveniles are usually lower and more variable than those of older individuals. Our results are also consistent with the predicted negative effect of tick parasitism on juvenile survival. Compared with data from other roseate tern populations, survival over the first 2 yr (Age 0 to 2 yr) was 18 to 40% higher in this study, suggesting that a high ‘young’ survival rate may be an important demographic trait in this tropical population to compensate for the low annual reproductive success. Our data show that estimating survival of young individuals may be crucial to elucidating the demographic tactics of seabirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps07508","usgsCitation":"Monticelli, D., Ramos, J.A., Hines, J., Nichols, J., and Spendelow, J.A., 2008, Juvenile survival in a tropical population of roseate terns: Interannual variation and effect of tick parasitism: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 365, p. 277-287, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07508.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07508","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"365","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monticelli, David","contributorId":168304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monticelli","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25244,"text":"Marine and Environmental Science Centre, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":343064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramos, Jaime A.","contributorId":176009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramos","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spendelow, Jeffrey A. 0000-0001-8167-0898 jspendelow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":4355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jspendelow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224905,"text":"5224905 - 2008 - Monitoring in the context of structured decision-making and adaptive management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224905","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring in the context of structured decision-making and adaptive management","docAbstract":"In a natural resource management setting, monitoring is a crucial component of an informed process for making decisions, and monitoring design should be driven by the decision context and associated uncertainties. Monitoring itself can play >3 roles. First, it is important for state-dependent decision-making, as when managers need to know the system state before deciding on the appropriate course of action during the ensuing management cycle. Second, monitoring is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of management actions relative to objectives. Third, in an adaptive management setting, monitoring provides the feedback loop for learning about the system; learning is sought not for its own sake but primarily to better achieve management objectives. In this case, monitoring should be designed to reduce the critical uncertainties in models of the managed system. The United States Geological Survey and United States Fish and Wildlife Service are conducting a large-scale management experiment on 23 National Wildlife Refuges across the Northeast and Midwest Regions. The primary management objective is to provide habitat for migratory waterbirds, particularly during migration, using water-level manipulations in managed wetlands. Key uncertainties are related to the potential trade-offs created by management for a specific waterbird guild (e.g., migratory shorebirds) and the response of waterbirds, plant communities, and invertebrates to specific experimental hydroperiods. We reviewed the monitoring program associated with this study, and the ways that specific observations fill >1 of the roles identified above. We used observations from our monitoring to improve state-dependent decisions to control undesired plants, to evaluate management performance relative to shallow-water habitat objectives, and to evaluate potential trade-offs between waterfowl and shorebird habitat management. With limited staff and budgets, management agencies need efficient monitoring programs that are used for decision-making, not comprehensive studies that elucidate all manner of ecological relationships.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7016_Lyons.pdf","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J.E., Runge, M., Laskowski, H.P., and Kendall, W., 2008, Monitoring in the context of structured decision-making and adaptive management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 8, p. 1683-1692.","productDescription":"1683-1692","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1692","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16934,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-141 ; https://www.wildlifejournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-141","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"72","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6988c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, J. E.","contributorId":15145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laskowski, H. P.","contributorId":88063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laskowski","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224921,"text":"5224921 - 2008 - A new species of Percina (Perciformes: Percidae) from the Apalachicola River drainage, southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T12:41:24","indexId":"5224921","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of Percina (Perciformes: Percidae) from the Apalachicola River drainage, southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Percina crypta, the Halloween Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Chattahoochee and Flint River systems in Georgia and Alabama. Percina crypta differs from sympatric Percina nigrofasciata in having narrowly separated dorsal saddles (inter-saddle spaces typically less than or equal to saddle width, compared to frequently wider than saddle width in P. nigrofasciata), in usually possessing a single modified scale between the pelvic bases (compared to two or more in P. nigrofasciata), and in having dark wide bands on pectoral-fin rays (versus pectoral fin clear, or with irregular dark marks or weak tessellations on fin rays in P. nigrofasciata). Phylogenetic relationships of P. crypta to other species of Percina are obscure. Percina crypta occurs in shoal and riffle habitats in the Chattahoochee and Flint River mainstems and in a few tributary systems, with the known extant range comprising four disjunct areas separated by mainstem impoundments and altered river reaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., Freeman, B.J., Burkhead, N., and Straight, C., 2008, A new species of Percina (Perciformes: Percidae) from the Apalachicola River drainage, southeastern United States: Zootaxa, v. 1963, p. 25-42.","productDescription":"25-42","startPage":"25","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16938,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2008/zt01963.html"}],"volume":"1963","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abaab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Straight, C.A.","contributorId":63118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straight","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224909,"text":"5224909 - 2008 - A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224909","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys","docAbstract":"We evaluated double-observer methods for aerial surveys as a means to adjust counts of waterfowl for incomplete detection. We conducted our study in eastern Canada and the northeast United States utilizing 3 aerial-survey crews flying 3 different types of fixed-wing aircraft. We reconciled counts of front- and rear-seat observers immediately following an observation by the rear-seat observer (i.e., on-the-fly reconciliation). We evaluated 6 a priori models containing a combination of several factors thought to influence detection probability including observer, seat position, aircraft type, and group size. We analyzed data for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos), which are among the most abundant duck species in this region. The best-supported model for both black ducks and mallards included observer effects. Sample sizes of black ducks were sufficient to estimate observer-specific detection rates for each crew. Estimated detection rates for black ducks were 0.62 (SE = 0.10), 0.63 (SE = 0.06), and 0.74 (SE = 0.07) for pilot-observers, 0.61 (SE = 0.08), 0.62 (SE = 0.06), and 0.81 (SE = 0.07) for other front-seat observers, and 0.43 (SE = 0.05), 0.58 (SE = 0.06), and 0.73 (SE = 0.04) for rear-seat observers. For mallards, sample sizes were adequate to generate stable maximum-likelihood estimates of observer-specific detection rates for only one aerial crew. Estimated observer-specific detection rates for that crew were 0.84 (SE = 0.04) for the pilot-observer, 0.74 (SE = 0.05) for the other front-seat observer, and 0.47 (SE = 0.03) for the rear-seat observer. Estimated observer detection rates were confounded by the position of the seat occupied by an observer, because observers did not switch seats, and by land-cover because vegetation and landform varied among crew areas. Double-observer methods with on-the-fly reconciliation, although not without challenges, offer one viable option to account for detection bias in aerial waterfowl surveys where birds are distributed at low density in remote areas that are inaccessible by ground crews. Double-observer methods, however, estimate only detection rate of animals that are potentially observable given the survey method applied. Auxiliary data and methods must be considered to estimate overall detection rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7005_Koneff.pdf","usgsCitation":"Koneff, M., Royle, J., Otto, M., Wortham, J., and Bidwell, J., 2008, A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1641-649.","productDescription":"1641-649","startPage":"1641","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"-991","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16932,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-036 ; https://www.wildlifejournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-036","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otto, M.C.","contributorId":33031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wortham, J.S.","contributorId":31503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortham","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bidwell, J.K.","contributorId":27169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224873,"text":"5224873 - 2008 - Effects of human activity of breeding American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224873","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human activity of breeding American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"Abstract.-Increased human use of coastal areas threatens the United States population of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus), a species of special concern. Biologists often attribute its low numbers and reproductive success to human disturbance, but the mechanism by which human presence reduces reproductive success is not well understood. During the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons, 32 nesting attempts of American Oystercatchers were studied on Cumberland Island National Seashore (CINS). Behavior was examined with and without human activity in the area to determine how human activity affected behavior. The oystercatchers' behavioral responses (proportion time) were analyzed with and without human or intraspecific disturbances using mixed models regression analysis. Proportions of time human activities were present (< 300 m from oystercatchers) during observations averaged 0.14 (N = 32, 95% CI = 0.08-0.20). During incubation, pedestrian activity near (< 137 m) oystercatchers reduced the frequency of occurrence of reproductive behavior, but pedestrian activity far (138-300 m) from oystercatchers had no effect. Vehicular and boat activities (< 300 m) had minimal effects on behavior during incubation. During brood rearing, an effect of pedestrian activity near oystercatchers was not evident; however, pedestrian activity far from oystercatchers increased the frequency of reproductive behavior. Vehicular and boat activity had no effects on behavior during brood rearing. Of 32 nesting attempts, two failed (<10%) because of human disturbance and were located in areas of greater human activity (south end). Managers on CINS should minimize pedestrian activity near nests (< 137 m) during incubation. During brood rearing, protection from pedestrian activity should be increased, when possible, to >137 m and vehicular activity should be minimized at current levels or less. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6934_Sabine.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sabine, J.B., Meyers, J., Moore, C., and Schweitzer, S.H., 2008, Effects of human activity of breeding American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, USA: Waterbirds, v. 31, no. 1, p. 70-82.","productDescription":"70-82","startPage":"70","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16908,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1675%2F1524-4695%282008%2931%5B70%3AEOHAOB%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611eb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabine, J. B.","contributorId":84047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, C. T. 0000-0002-6053-2880","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":87649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweitzer, Sara H.","contributorId":106614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224867,"text":"5224867 - 2008 - Anatomy of a bottleneck: diagnosing factors limiting population growth in the Puerto Rican parrot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224867","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of a bottleneck: diagnosing factors limiting population growth in the Puerto Rican parrot","docAbstract":"The relative importance of genetic, demographic, environmental, and catastrophic processes that maintain population bottlenecks has received little consideration. We evaluate the role of these factors in maintaining the Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata) in a prolonged bottleneck from 1973 through 2000 despite intensive conservation efforts. We first conduct a risk analysis, then examine evidence for the importance of specific processes maintaining the bottleneck using the multiple competing hypotheses approach, and finally integrate these results through a sensitivity analysis of a demographic model using life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) to determine the relative importance of genetic, demographic, environmental, and catastrophic processes on population growth. Annual population growth has been slow and variable (1.0 6 5.2 parrots per year, or an average k?1.05 6 0.19) from 16 parrots (1973) to a high of 40-42 birds (1997-1998). A risk analysis based on population prediction intervals (PPI) indicates great risk and large uncertainty, with a range of 22?83 birds in the 90% PPI only five years into the future. Four primary factors (reduced hatching success due to inbreeding, failure of adults to nest, nest failure due to nongenetic causes, and reduced survival of adults and juveniles) were responsible for maintaining the bottleneck. Egghatchability rates were low (70.6% per egg and 76.8% per pair), and hatchability increased after mate changes, suggesting inbreeding effects. Only an average of 34% of the population nested annually, which was well below the percentage of adults that should have reached an age of first breeding (41-56%). This chronic failure to nest appears to have been caused primarily by environmental and/or behavioral factors, and not by nest-site scarcity or a skewed sex ratio. Nest failure rates from nongenetic causes (i.e., predation, parasitism, and wet cavities) were low (29%) due to active management (protecting nests and fostering captive young into wild nests), diminishing the importance of nest failure as a limiting factor. Annual survival has been periodically reduced by catastrophes (hurricanes), which have greatly constrained population growth, but survival rates were high under non-catastrophic conditions. Although the importance of factors maintaining the Puerto Rican Parrot bottleneck varied throughout the 30-year period of study, we determined their long-term influence using LSA simulations to correlate variation in demographic rates with variation in population growth (k). The bottleneck appears to have been maintained primarily by periodic catastrophes (hurricanes) that reduced adult survival, and secondarily by environmental and/or behavioral factors that resulted in a failure of many adults to nest. The influence of inbreeding through reduced hatching success played a much less significant role, even when additional effects of inbreeding on the production and mortality of young were incorporated into the LSA. Management actions needed to speed recovery include (1) continued nest guarding to minimize the effects of nest failure due to nongenetic causes; (2) creating a second population at another location on the island --a process that was recently initiated--to reduce the chance that hurricane strikes will cause extinction; and (3) determining the causes of the low percentage of breeders in the population and ameliorating them, which would have a large impact on population growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6928_Beissenger.pdf","usgsCitation":"Beissenger, S., Wunderle, J., Meyers, J., Saether, B., and Engen, S., 2008, Anatomy of a bottleneck: diagnosing factors limiting population growth in the Puerto Rican parrot: Ecological Monographs, v. 78, no. 2, p. 185-203.","productDescription":"185-203","startPage":"185","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16906,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/07-0018.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beissenger, S.R.","contributorId":26772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beissenger","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wunderle, J.M. Jr.","contributorId":90837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunderle","given":"J.M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saether, B.-E.","contributorId":94015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saether","given":"B.-E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engen, S.","contributorId":12160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224925,"text":"5224925 - 2008 - Presence-nonpresence surveys of golden-cheeked warblers: detection, occupancy and survey effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T10:36:08","indexId":"5224925","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence-nonpresence surveys of golden-cheeked warblers: detection, occupancy and survey effort","docAbstract":"Surveys to detect the presence or absence of endangered species may not consistently cover an area, account for imperfect detection or consider that detection and species presence at sample units may change within a survey season. We evaluated a detection?nondetection survey method for the federally endangered golden-cheeked warbler (GCWA) Dendroica chrysoparia. Three study areas were selected across the breeding range of GCWA in central Texas. Within each area, 28-36 detection stations were placed 200 m apart. Each detection station was surveyed nine times during the breeding season in 2 consecutive years. Surveyors remained up to 8 min at each detection station recording GCWA detected by sight or sound. To assess the potential influence of environmental covariates (e.g. slope, aspect, canopy cover, study area) on detection and occupancy and possible changes in occupancy and detection probabilities within breeding seasons, 30 models were analyzed. Using information-theoretic model selection procedures, we found that detection probabilities and occupancy varied among study areas and within breeding seasons. Detection probabilities ranged from 0.20 to 0.80 and occupancy ranged from 0.56 to 0.95. Because study areas with high detection probabilities had high occupancy, a conservative survey effort (erred towards too much surveying) was estimated using the lowest detection probability. We determined that nine surveys of 35 stations were needed to have estimates of occupancy with coefficients of variation <20%. Our survey evaluation evidently captured the key environmental variable that influenced bird detection (GCWA density) and accommodated the changes in GCWA distribution throughout the breeding season.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00204.x","usgsCitation":"Watson, C., Weckerly, F., Hatfield, J., Farquhar, C., and Williamson, P., 2008, Presence-nonpresence surveys of golden-cheeked warblers: detection, occupancy and survey effort: Animal Conservation, v. 11, no. 6, p. 484-492, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00204.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, C.A.","contributorId":19269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weckerly, F.W.","contributorId":77877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weckerly","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farquhar, C.C.","contributorId":57192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farquhar","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williamson, P.S.","contributorId":68012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224923,"text":"5224923 - 2008 - Tidal marshes as disequilibrium landscapes? Lags between morphology and Holocene sea level change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224923","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal marshes as disequilibrium landscapes? Lags between morphology and Holocene sea level change","docAbstract":"Historical acceleration in the rate of global sea level rise and recent observations of marsh degradation highlight the importance of understanding how marshes respond to sea level change. Here, we use an existing numerical model to demonstrate that marsh morphology, and its effect on biological productivity and vertical accretion, could lag century-scale sea level rise rate oscillations by several decades. This suggests that marshes, and perhaps other intertidal environments, have not been in equilibrium with Holocene sea level. Additional results suggest that marshes have not yet fully responded to historical sea level acceleration. Consequently, marshes today may be out of equilibrium with modern rates of sea level rise, and further adjustment in the form of platform deepening and channel erosion could be expected. Under an accelerating sea level rise rate, the morphology and productivity of marshland will reflect environmental conditions of the past, and studies of marshes today will underestimate their response to sea level rise.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL036050","collaboration":"7030_Kirwan.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M.L., and Murray, A., 2008, Tidal marshes as disequilibrium landscapes? Lags between morphology and Holocene sea level change: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. L24401, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036050.","productDescription":"1-5","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16940,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036050","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"35","issue":"L24401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b80b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, M. L.","contributorId":74094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A.B.","contributorId":12598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224875,"text":"5224875 - 2008 - Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224875","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data","docAbstract":"Five years of CDC light trap data from Suffolk County, NY, were analyzed to compare the applicability of human population density (HPD) and land use/cover (LUC) classification systems to describe mosquito abundance and to determine whether certain mosquito species of medical importance tend to be more common in urban (defined by HPD) or residential (defined by LUC) areas. Eleven study sites were categorized as urban or rural using U.S. Census Bureau data and by LUC types using geographic information systems (GISs). Abundance and percent composition of nine mosquito taxa, all known or potential vectors of arboviruses, were analyzed to determine spatial patterns. By HPD definitions, three mosquito species, Aedes canadensis (Theobald), Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), and Culiseta melanura (Coquillett), differed significantly between habitat types, with higher abundance and percent composition in rural areas. Abundance and percent composition of these three species also increased with freshwater wetland, natural vegetation areas, or a combination when using LUC definitions. Additionally, two species, Ae. canadensis and Cs. melanura, were negatively affected by increased residential area. One species, Aedes vexans (Meigen), had higher percent composition in urban areas. Two medically important taxa, Culex spp. and Aedes triseriatus (Say), were proportionally more prevalent in residential areas by LUC classification, as was Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett). Although HPD classification was readily available and had some predictive value, LUC classification resulted in higher spatial resolution and better ability to develop location specific predictive models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Medical Entomology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6936_Rochlin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Rochlin, I., Harding, K., Ginsberg, H., and Campbell, S., 2008, Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 563-571.","productDescription":"563-571","startPage":"563","endPage":"571","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16909,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1603%2F0022-2585%282008%2945%5B563%3ACAODAA%5D2.0.CO%3B2 ; https://esa.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jme/2008/00000045/00000003/art00031","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae58e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rochlin, I.","contributorId":22457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochlin","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, K.","contributorId":68422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, S.R.","contributorId":15721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224820,"text":"5224820 - 2008 - Modeling individual effects in the Cormack-Jolly-Seber Model: A state-space formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224820","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling individual effects in the Cormack-Jolly-Seber Model: A state-space formulation","docAbstract":"In population and evolutionary biology, there exists considerable interest in individual heterogeneity in parameters of demographic models for open populations. However, flexible and practical solutions to the development of such models have proven to be elusive. In this article, I provide a state-space formulation of open population capture-recapture models with individual effects. The state-space formulation provides a generic and flexible framework for modeling and inference in models with individual effects, and it yields a practical means of estimation in these complex problems via contemporary methods of Markov chain Monte Carlo. A straightforward implementation can be achieved in the software package WinBUGS. I provide an analysis of a simple model with constant parameter detection and survival probability parameters. A second example is based on data from a 7-year study of European dippers, in which a model with year and individual effects is fitted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6824_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2008, Modeling individual effects in the Cormack-Jolly-Seber Model: A state-space formulation: Biometrics, v. 64, no. 2, p. 364-370.","productDescription":"364-370","startPage":"364","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16894,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119388143/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613d13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224849,"text":"5224849 - 2008 - Efficient implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with application to the Cormack?Jolly?Seber model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224849","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficient implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with application to the Cormack?Jolly?Seber model","docAbstract":"Judicious choice of candidate generating distributions improves efficiency of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. In Bayesian applications, it is sometimes possible to identify an approximation to the target posterior distribution; this approximate posterior distribution is a good choice for candidate generation. These observations are applied to analysis of the Cormack?Jolly?Seber model and its extensions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"DOI 10.1007/s10651-007-0037-9 6893_Link.pdf","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Barker, R.J., 2008, Efficient implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with application to the Cormack?Jolly?Seber model: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 15, p. 79-87.","productDescription":"79-87","startPage":"79","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16895,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/715w370327476qk4/?p=06bfb5ebb65b4768886810bc9b320969&pi=8","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224851,"text":"5224851 - 2008 - A hierarchical model for estimating change in American Woodcock populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224851","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical model for estimating change in American Woodcock populations","docAbstract":"The Singing-Ground Survey (SGS) is a primary source of information on population change for American woodcock (Scolopax minor). We analyzed the SGS using a hierarchical log-linear model and compared the estimates of change and annual indices of abundance to a route regression analysis of SGS data. We also grouped SGS routes into Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) and estimated population change and annual indices using BCRs within states and provinces as strata. Based on the hierarchical model?based estimates, we concluded that woodcock populations were declining in North America between 1968 and 2006 (trend = -0.9%/yr, 95% credible interval: -1.2, -0.5). Singing-Ground Survey results are generally similar between analytical approaches, but the hierarchical model has several important advantages over the route regression. Hierarchical models better accommodate changes in survey efficiency over time and space by treating strata, years, and observers as random effects in the context of a log-linear model, providing trend estimates that are derived directly from the annual indices. We also conducted a hierarchical model analysis of woodcock data from the Christmas Bird Count and the North American Breeding Bird Survey. All surveys showed general consistency in patterns of population change, but the SGS had the shortest credible intervals. We suggest that population management and conservation planning for woodcock involving interpretation of the SGS use estimates provided by the hierarchical model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6895_Sauer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Link, W., Kendall, W., Kelley, J., and Niven, D., 2008, A hierarchical model for estimating change in American Woodcock populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 204-214.","productDescription":"204-214","startPage":"204","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16897,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2193/2006-534","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, J.R.","contributorId":98437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Niven, D.K.","contributorId":21247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niven","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224858,"text":"5224858 - 2008 - Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224858","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands","docAbstract":"Carolina bays and similar depression wetlands of the U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plain have hydrologic regimes that are driven primarily by rainfall. Therefore, climate fluctuations such as drought cycles have the potential to shape long-term vegetation dynamics. Models suggest two potential long-term responses to hydrologic fluctuations, either cyclic change maintaining open emergent vegetation, or directional succession toward forest vegetation. In seven Carolina bay wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, we assessed hydrologic variation and vegetation response over a 15-year period spanning two drought and reinundation cycles. Changes in pond stage (water depth) were monitored bi-weekly to monthly each year from 1989?2003. Vegetation composition was sampled in three years (1989, 1993, and 2003) and analyzed in relation to changes in hydrologic conditions. Multi-year droughts occurred prior to the 1989 and 2003 sampling years, whereas 1993 coincided with a wet period. Wetland plant species generally maintained dominance after both wet and dry conditions, but the abundances of different plant growth forms and species indicator categories shifted over the 15-year period. Decreased hydroperiods and water depths during droughts led to increased cover of grass, upland, and woody species, particularly at the shallower wetland margins. Conversely, reinundation and longer hydroperiods resulted in expansion of aquatic and emergent species and reduced the cover of flood-intolerant woody and upland species. These semi-permanent Upper Coastal Plain bays generally exhibited cyclic vegetation dynamics in response to climate fluctuation, with wet periods favoring dominance by herbaceous species. Large basin morphology and deep ponding, paired with surrounding upland forest dominated by flood-intolerant pines, were features contributing to persistence of herbaceous vegetation. Drought cycles may promote directional succession to forest in bays that are smaller, shallower, or colonized by flood-tolerant hardwoods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6914_Stroh.pdf","usgsCitation":"Stroh, C., De Steven, D., and Guntenspergen, G., 2008, Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 17-27.","productDescription":"17-27","startPage":"17","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16900,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1672%2F06-117.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62574d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stroh, C.L.","contributorId":77273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Steven, D.","contributorId":55123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Steven","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224865,"text":"5224865 - 2008 - Sediment ingestion rates in waterfowl (Anatidae) and their use in environmental risk assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T16:57:38.178076","indexId":"5224865","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment ingestion rates in waterfowl (Anatidae) and their use in environmental risk assessment","docAbstract":"When waterfowl (Anatidae) ingest sediment as they feed, they are exposed to the environmental contaminants in those sediments. The rate of ingestion may be key to assessing environmental risk. Rates of sediment ingestion were estimated as from <2% to 22% in 16 species of waterfowl collected in the northeastern United States. The piscivorous red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) ingested sediment at the lowest rate and the benthos-feeding canvasback (Aythya valisineria) at the highest rate. Sediment ingestion rates were related to diet and to the sediments where waterfowl fed. Waterfowl ingested the least sediment from hard-bottomed habitats with fast-moving water and ingested the most sediment from soft-bottomed areas with slow-moving water. Understanding the greater hazards from contaminants associated with low-flow habitats may help in prioritizing sites to be remediated. The tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus), which ingests sediment at an estimated 8.4% of its diet, dry weight, is suggested as a potential generic model for use in environmental risk assessments designed to protect waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/IEAM_2007-069.1","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., Perry, M., and Osenton, P.C., 2008, Sediment ingestion rates in waterfowl (Anatidae) and their use in environmental risk assessment: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 246-251, https://doi.org/10.1897/IEAM_2007-069.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"251","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":91601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osenton, Peter C.","contributorId":174040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osenton","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224859,"text":"5224859 - 2008 - Estimation and correction of visibility bias in aerial surveys of wintering ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224859","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation and correction of visibility bias in aerial surveys of wintering ducks","docAbstract":"Incomplete detection of all individuals leading to negative bias in abundance estimates is a pervasive source of error in aerial surveys of wildlife, and correcting that bias is a critical step in improving surveys. We conducted experiments using duck decoys as surrogates for live ducks to estimate bias associated with surveys of wintering ducks in Mississippi, USA. We found detection of decoy groups was related to wetland cover type (open vs. forested), group size (1?100 decoys), and interaction of these variables. Observers who detected decoy groups reported counts that averaged 78% of the decoys actually present, and this counting bias was not influenced by either covariate cited above. We integrated this sightability model into estimation procedures for our sample surveys with weight adjustments derived from probabilities of group detection (estimated by logistic regression) and count bias. To estimate variances of abundance estimates, we used bootstrap resampling of transects included in aerial surveys and data from the bias-correction experiment. When we implemented bias correction procedures on data from a field survey conducted in January 2004, we found bias-corrected estimates of abundance increased 36?42%, and associated standard errors increased 38?55%, depending on species or group estimated. We deemed our method successful for integrating correction of visibility bias in an existing sample survey design for wintering ducks in Mississippi, and we believe this procedure could be implemented in a variety of sampling problems for other locations and species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6915_Pearse.pdf","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A., Gerard, P., Dinsmore, S., Kaminski, R., and Reinecke, K.J., 2008, Estimation and correction of visibility bias in aerial surveys of wintering ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 3, p. 808-813.","productDescription":"808-813","startPage":"808","endPage":"813","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16901,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2007-274","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, A.T.","contributorId":56333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinsmore, S.J.","contributorId":85114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224850,"text":"5224850 - 2008 - Combining Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count data to evaluate seasonal components of population change in Northern Bobwhite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224850","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count data to evaluate seasonal components of population change in Northern Bobwhite","docAbstract":"Annual surveys of wildlife populations provide information about annual rates of change in populations but provide no information about when such changes occur. However, by combining data from 2 annual surveys, conducted in different parts of the year, seasonal components of population change can be estimated. We describe a hierarchical model for simultaneous analysis of 2 continent-scale monitoring programs. The Christmas Bird Count is an early winter survey, whereas the North American Breeding Bird Survey is conducted in June. Combining information from these surveys permits estimation of seasonal population variance components and improves estimation of long-term population trends. The composite analysis also controls for survey-specific sampling effects. We applied the model to estimation of population change in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Over the interval 1969?2004, bobwhite populations declined, with trend estimate of -3.56% per year (95% CI = [-3.80%, -3.32%]) in the surveyed portion of their range. Our analysis of seasonal population variance components indicated that northern bobwhite populations changed more in the winter and spring portion of the year than in the summer and fall portion of the year.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6894_Link.pdf","usgsCitation":"Link, W., Sauer, J., and Niven, D., 2008, Combining Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count data to evaluate seasonal components of population change in Northern Bobwhite: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 44-51.","productDescription":"44-51","startPage":"44","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16896,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2193/2007-299","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niven, D.K.","contributorId":21247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niven","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224862,"text":"5224862 - 2008 - Hierarchical Bayes estimation of species richness and occupancy in spatially replicated surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224862","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical Bayes estimation of species richness and occupancy in spatially replicated surveys","docAbstract":"1. Species richness is the most widely used biodiversity metric, but cannot be observed directly as, typically, some species are overlooked. Imperfect detectability must therefore be accounted for to obtain unbiased species-richness estimates. When richness is assessed at multiple sites, two approaches can be used to estimate species richness: either estimating for each site separately, or pooling all samples. The first approach produces imprecise estimates, while the second loses site-specific information. 2. In contrast, a hierarchical Bayes (HB) multispecies site-occupancy model benefits from the combination of information across sites without losing site-specific information and also yields occupancy estimates for each species. The heart of the model is an estimate of the incompletely observed presence-absence matrix, a centrepiece of biogeography and monitoring studies. We illustrate the model using Swiss breeding bird survey data, and compare its estimates with the widely used jackknife species-richness estimator and raw species counts. 3. Two independent observers each conducted three surveys in 26 1-km(2) quadrats, and detected 27-56 (total 103) species. The average estimated proportion of species detected after three surveys was 0.87 under the HB model. Jackknife estimates were less precise (less repeatable between observers) than raw counts, but HB estimates were as repeatable as raw counts. The combination of information in the HB model thus resulted in species-richness estimates presumably at least as unbiased as previous approaches that correct for detectability, but without costs in precision relative to uncorrected, biased species counts. 4. Total species richness in the entire region sampled was estimated at 113.1 (CI 106-123); species detectability ranged from 0.08 to 0.99, illustrating very heterogeneous species detectability; and species occupancy was 0.06-0.96. Even after six surveys, absolute bias in observed occupancy was estimated at up to 0.40. 5. Synthesis and applications. The HB model for species-richness estimation combines information across sites and enjoys more precise, and presumably less biased, estimates than previous approaches. It also yields estimates of several measures of community size and composition. Covariates for occupancy and detectability can be included. We believe it has considerable potential for monitoring programmes as well as in biogeography and community ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6918_Kery.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., and Royle, J., 2008, Hierarchical Bayes estimation of species richness and occupancy in spatially replicated surveys: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 45, no. 2, p. 589-598.","productDescription":"589-598","startPage":"589","endPage":"598","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16902,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119392093/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224863,"text":"5224863 - 2008 - Hierarchical modeling of cluster size in wildlife surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T13:13:46","indexId":"5224863","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical modeling of cluster size in wildlife surveys","docAbstract":"Clusters or groups of individuals are the fundamental unit of observation in many wildlife sampling problems, including aerial surveys of waterfowl, marine mammals, and ungulates. Explicit accounting of cluster size in models for estimating abundance is necessary because detection of individuals within clusters is not independent and detectability of clusters is likely to increase with cluster size. This induces a cluster size bias in which the average cluster size in the sample is larger than in the population at large. Thus, failure to account for the relationship between delectability and cluster size will tend to yield a positive bias in estimates of abundance or density. I describe a hierarchical modeling framework for accounting for cluster-size bias in animal sampling. The hierarchical model consists of models for the observation process conditional on the cluster size distribution and the cluster size distribution conditional on the total number of clusters. Optionally, a spatial model can be specified that describes variation in the total number of clusters per sample unit. Parameter estimation, model selection, and criticism may be carried out using conventional likelihood-based methods. An extension of the model is described for the situation where measurable covariates at the level of the sample unit are available. Several candidate models within the proposed class are evaluated for aerial survey data on mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6919_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2008, Hierarchical modeling of cluster size in wildlife surveys: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 13, no. 1, p. 23-36.","productDescription":"23-36","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16903,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.amstat.org/doi/abs/10.1198/108571108X273188","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60518e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}