The New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) is a species of high conservation priority in the Northeastern United States, and was a candidate for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act until a recent decision determined that conservation actions were sufficient to preclude listing. The aim of this study was to develop a suite of microsatellite loci to guide future research efforts such as the analysis of population genetic structure, genetic variation, dispersal, and genetic mark-recapture population estimation.
Thirty-five microsatellite markers containing tri- and tetranucleotide sequences were developed from shotgun genomic sequencing of tissue from S. transitionalis, S. obscurus, and S. floridanus. These loci were screened in n = 33 wild S. transitionalis sampled from a population in eastern Massachusetts, USA. Thirty-two of the 35 loci were polymorphic with 2–6 alleles, and observed heterozygosities of 0.06–0.82. All loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium proportions and there was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium or null alleles. Primers for 33 of the 35 loci amplified DNA extracted from n = 6 eastern cottontail (S. floridanus) samples, of which nine revealed putative species-diagnostic alleles. These loci will provide a useful tool for conservation genetics investigations of S. transitionalis and a potential diagnostic species assay for differentiating sympatric eastern and New England cottontails.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s13104-017-3062-2","usgsCitation":"King, T.L., Eackles, M.S., Aunins, A.W., McGreevy, T.J., Husband, T.P., Tur, A., and Kovach, A.I., 2017, Microsatellite marker development from next-generation sequencing in the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) and cross-amplification in the eastern cottontail (S. floridanus): BMC Research Notes, no. 10, 741, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-3062-2.","productDescription":"741, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-089217","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-3062-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.2520751953125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.19989013671875,\n 42.002366213375524\n ],\n [\n -70.16143798828125,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -70.07904052734375,\n 41.89818843043047\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.80407814427234\n ],\n [\n -70.43060302734375,\n 41.759019938155404\n ],\n [\n -70.48004150390625,\n 41.777456667491066\n ],\n [\n -70.55419921875,\n 41.77336007442076\n ],\n [\n -70.63934326171875,\n 41.73033005046653\n ],\n [\n -70.69976806640625,\n 41.549700145132725\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.50446357504803\n ],\n [\n -70.477294921875,\n 41.539421883822854\n ],\n [\n -70.28228759765625,\n 41.60928183876483\n ],\n [\n -69.99114990234375,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -69.85107421874999,\n 41.654445072031244\n ],\n [\n -69.99938964843749,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -70.13397216796875,\n 42.10026033308264\n ],\n [\n -70.25482177734375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -70.2520751953125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eackles, Michael S. 0000-0001-5624-5769 meackles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-5769","contributorId":218936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"Michael","email":"meackles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aunins, Aaron W. 0000-0001-5240-1453 aaunins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-1453","contributorId":5863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aunins","given":"Aaron","email":"aaunins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGreevy, Thomas J. 0000-0002-8542-4210","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-4210","contributorId":218938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGreevy","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Husband, Thomas P.","contributorId":174902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husband","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tur, Anthony","contributorId":218956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tur","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kovach, Adrienne I. 0000-0002-6791-0610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-0610","contributorId":218939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovach","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70195981,"text":"70195981 - 2017 - Natural and human-induced variability in barrier-island response to sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:44:40","indexId":"70195981","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural and human-induced variability in barrier-island response to sea level rise","docAbstract":"Storm-driven sediment fluxes onto and behind barrier islands help coastal barrier systems keep pace with sea level rise (SLR). Understanding what controls cross-shore sediment flux magnitudes is critical for making accurate forecasts of barrier response to increased SLR rates. Here, using an existing morphodynamic model for barrier island evolution, observations are used to constrain model parameters and explore potential variability in future barrier behavior. Using modeled drowning outcomes as a proxy for vulnerability to SLR, 0%, 28%, and 100% of the barrier is vulnerable to SLR rates of 4, 7, and 10 mm/yr, respectively. When only overwash fluxes are increased in the model, drowning vulnerability increases for the same rates of SLR, suggesting that future increases in storminess may increase island vulnerability particularly where sediment resources are limited. Developed sites are more vulnerable to SLR, indicating that anthropogenic changes to overwash fluxes and estuary depths could profoundly affect future barrier response to SLR.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2017GL074811","usgsCitation":"Miselis, J.L., and Lorenzo-Trueba, J., 2017, Natural and human-induced variability in barrier-island response to sea level rise: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 23, p. 11922-11931, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074811.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11922","endPage":"11931","ipdsId":"IP-087584","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl074811","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.19822692871094,\n 39.73834635103298\n ],\n [\n -74.03274536132812,\n 39.73834635103298\n ],\n [\n -74.03274536132812,\n 40.07071544306934\n ],\n [\n -74.19822692871094,\n 40.07071544306934\n ],\n [\n -74.19822692871094,\n 39.73834635103298\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79ce4b0da30c1bfc2ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenzo-Trueba, Jorge 0000-0002-7082-7762","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-7762","contributorId":203269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenzo-Trueba","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36592,"text":"Montclair State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195630,"text":"70195630 - 2017 - Lessons from the past: isotopes of an endangered rail as indicators of underlying change to tidal marsh habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T12:13:32","indexId":"70195630","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5075,"text":"Ecosystem Health and Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lessons from the past: isotopes of an endangered rail as indicators of underlying change to tidal marsh habitats","docAbstract":"Introduction: Tidal marsh systems along the Pacific coast of the United States have experienced substantial stress and loss of area and ecosystem function, which we examined by using the endangered California Ridgway’s Rail, Rallus obsoletus obsoletus (‘rail’) as an indicator of its tidal marsh habitat in the San Francisco Estuary. We organized a collection of historical (1885-1940) and modern (2005-2014) rail feathers and analyzed the feather isotope means for delta carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), and nitrogen (δ15N) by region and time period.
Outcomes: Feather isotopes represented the primary foraging habitat during historical then modern time periods. Neither individual nor regional rail feather isotopes suggested freshwater or terrestrial foraging by the rail. Three regions with both historic and modern feather isotopes revealed non-uniform spatial shifts in isotope levels consistent with a marine based food web and significant δ15N enrichment.
Discussion: Our results supported the rail’s status as a generalist forager and obligate tidal marsh species throughout the historic record. The variable isoscape trends generated from feather isotope means illustrated a modern loss of the isotopic homogeneity between regions of historical tidal marsh, which correlated with spatially-explicit habitat alterations such as increasing biological invasions and sewage effluent over time.
Conclusion: These findings have reinforced the importance of tidal marsh conservation in the face of ongoing underlying changes to these important ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/20964129.2017.1410451","usgsCitation":"Merritt, A.M., Casazza, M.L., Overton, C.T., Takekawa, J.Y., Hahn, T.P., and Hull, J.M., 2017, Lessons from the past: isotopes of an endangered rail as indicators of underlying change to tidal marsh habitats: Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, v. 3, no. 11, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2017.1410451.","productDescription":"Article 1410451; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-085120","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2017.1410451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.70904541015625,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -121.74774169921875,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -121.74774169921875,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -122.70904541015625,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -122.70904541015625,\n 37.31338308990806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79ce4b0da30c1bfc2ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Angela M. 0000-0002-8512-2423 amerritt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-2423","contributorId":201578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Angela","email":"amerritt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":196611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hahn, Thomas P.","contributorId":202760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hahn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hull, Joshua M.","contributorId":127686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hull","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190920,"text":"sir20175107 - 2017 - Peak discharge, flood frequency, and peak stage of floods on Big Cottonwood Creek at U.S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado, and Fountain Creek below U.S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T15:35:01","indexId":"sir20175107","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-14T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5107","title":"Peak discharge, flood frequency, and peak stage of floods on Big Cottonwood Creek at U.S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado, and Fountain Creek below U.S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, 2016","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation, determined the peak discharge, annual exceedance probability (flood frequency), and peak stage of two floods that took place on Big Cottonwood Creek at U.S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado (hereafter referred to as “Big Cottonwood Creek site”), on August 23, 2016, and on Fountain Creek below U.S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, Colorado (hereafter referred to as “Fountain Creek site”), on August 29, 2016. A one-dimensional hydraulic model was used to estimate the peak discharge. To define the flood frequency of each flood, peak-streamflow regional-regression equations or statistical analyses of USGS streamgage records were used to estimate annual exceedance probability of the peak discharge. A survey of the high-water mark profile was used to determine the peak stage, and the limitations and accuracy of each component also are presented in this report. Collection and computation of flood data, such as peak discharge, annual exceedance probability, and peak stage at structures critical to Colorado’s infrastructure are an important addition to the flood data collected annually by the USGS.
The peak discharge of the August 23, 2016, flood at the Big Cottonwood Creek site was 917 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) with a measurement quality of poor (uncertainty plus or minus 25 percent or greater). The peak discharge of the August 29, 2016, flood at the Fountain Creek site was 5,970 ft3/s with a measurement quality of poor (uncertainty plus or minus 25 percent or greater).
The August 23, 2016, flood at the Big Cottonwood Creek site had an annual exceedance probability of less than 0.01 (return period greater than the 100-year flood) and had an annual exceedance probability of greater than 0.005 (return period less than the 200-year flood). The August 23, 2016, flood event was caused by a precipitation event having an annual exceedance probability of 1.0 (return period of 1 year, or the 1-year storm), which is a statistically common (high probability) storm. The Big Cottonwood Creek site is downstream from the Hayden Pass Fire burn area, which dramatically altered the hydrology of the watershed and caused this statistically rare (low probability) flood from a statistically common (high probability) storm. The peak flood stage at the cross section closest to the U.S. Highway 50 culvert was 6,438.32 feet (ft) above the North American Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).
The August 29, 2016, flood at the Fountain Creek site had an estimated annual exceedance probability of 0.5505 (return period equal to the 1.8-year flood). The August 29, 2016, flood event was caused by a precipitation event having an annual exceedance probability of 1.0 (return period of 1 year, or the 1-year storm). The peak stage during this flood at the cross section closest to the U.S. Highway 24 bridge was 5,832.89 ft (NAVD 88).
Slope-area indirect discharge measurements were carried out at the Big Cottonwood Creek and Fountain Creek sites to estimate peak discharge of the August 23, 2016, flood and August 29, 2016, flood, respectively. The USGS computer program Slope-Area Computation Graphical User Interface was used to compute the peak discharge by adding the surveyed cross sections with Manning roughness coefficient assignments to the high-water marks. The Manning roughness coefficients for each cross section were estimated in the field using the Cowan method.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Kohn, M.S., Stevens, M.R., Mommandi, Amanullah, and Khan, A.R., 2017, Peak discharge, flood frequency, and peak stage of floods on Big Cottonwood Creek at U.S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado, and Fountain Creek below U.S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5107, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175107.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 58 p.; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083372","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349894,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/sir20175107_Appendix2_BigCottonwoodCr_LeftBank.zip","text":"Appendix 2, Big Cottonwood Creek, Left Bank—","size":"177 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Appendix 2 Left Bank","linkHelpText":"Photos of left bank high-water marks from Big Cottonwood Creek at U.S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado"},{"id":349892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349923,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/sir20175107_Appendix7_FountainCr_LeftBank.zip","text":"Appendix 7, Fountain Creek, Left Bank—","size":"303 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Appendix 7 Left Bank","linkHelpText":"Photos of left bank high-water marks from Fountain Creek below U.S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, Colorado"},{"id":349893,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/sir20175107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5107"},{"id":349921,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/sir20175107_Appendix3_BigCottonwoodCr.zip","text":"Appendix 3, Big Cottonwood Creek—","size":"154 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"Photos of cross Sections from Big Cottonwood Creek at U.S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado"},{"id":349925,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/sir20175107_Appendix7_FountainCr_RightBank.zip","text":"Appendix 7, Fountain Creek, Right Bank—","size":"305 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Appendix 7 Right Bank","linkHelpText":"Photos of right bank high-water marks from Fountain Creek below U.S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, Colorado"},{"id":349926,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/sir20175107_Appendix8_FountainCr.zip","text":"Appendix 8, Fountain Creek—","size":"220 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Appendix 8","linkHelpText":"Photos of cross sections from Fountain Creek below U.S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, Colorado"},{"id":349920,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5107/sir20175107_Appendix2_BigCottonwoodCr_RightBank.zip","text":"Appendix 2, Big Cottonwood Creek, Right Bank—","size":"142 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Appendix 2 Right Bank","linkHelpText":"Photos of right bank high-water marks from Big Cottonwood Creek at U.S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Coaldale, Colorado Springs","otherGeospatial":"Big Cottonwood Creek, Fountain Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.80493545532227,\n 38.79868097286392\n ],\n [\n -104.78673934936523,\n 38.79868097286392\n ],\n [\n -104.78673934936523,\n 38.80944982778107\n ],\n [\n -104.80493545532227,\n 38.80944982778107\n ],\n [\n -104.80493545532227,\n 38.79868097286392\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.76083183288574,\n 38.36297641178211\n ],\n [\n -105.7474637031555,\n 38.36297641178211\n ],\n [\n -105.7474637031555,\n 38.37083318856711\n ],\n [\n -105.76083183288574,\n 38.37083318856711\n ],\n [\n -105.76083183288574,\n 38.36297641178211\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-415
Denver, CO 80225
Brown trout are one of the most pervasive and successful invaders worldwide and are ubiquitous across the Intermountain West, USA (IMW). This species is the foundation of extremely popular and economically significant sport fisheries despite well-established negative effects on native fishes and ecosystems, resulting in very challenging, and often opposing, conservation and management goals. Herein, we review the direct (e.g., competition and predation) and indirect (e.g., disease vectors) pathways through which brown trout across the IMW have posed a threat to native species. We discuss the importance of brown trout as economically and culturally important fisheries, especially in novel tailwater ecosystems created by damming. To this end, we surveyed 24 experts from eight states across the IMW to document the relevance of novel brown trout fisheries in 51 tailwaters and found brown trout are thriving in these novel ecosystems, which are often unsuitable for native fishes. We discuss the challenging interplay between protecting native species and managing novel brown trout fisheries. Notably, the future of exotic brown trout in the IMW is shifting as the prestige of native fisheries is growing and many non-native eradication efforts have occurred. The future of exotic brown trout in the IMW, will depend on the nexus of public sentiment and policy, the effectiveness of eradication efforts, and the effect of climate change on both the native fishes and exotic brown trout. Regardless, because brown trout are pervasive and have a broad distribution through the IMW, populations of this species will likely persist at least in some locations into the future.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Brown trout: Biology, ecology and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/9781119268352.ch20","usgsCitation":"Budy, P., and Gaeta, J.W., 2017, Brown trout as an invader: A synthesis of problems and perspectives in western North America, chap. 20 of Brown trout: Biology, ecology and management, p. 525-544, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119268352.ch20.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"544","ipdsId":"IP-074692","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae7e4b06e28e9c2295c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lobon-Cervia, Javier","contributorId":69052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobon-Cervia","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725073,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanz, Nuria","contributorId":201353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanz","given":"Nuria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725074,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaeta, Jereme W.","contributorId":201352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaeta","given":"Jereme","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194719,"text":"70194719 - 2017 - Estimating belowground carbon stocks in isolated wetlands of the Northern Everglades Watershed, central Florida, using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and aerial imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T12:39:43","indexId":"70194719","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating belowground carbon stocks in isolated wetlands of the Northern Everglades Watershed, central Florida, using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and aerial imagery","docAbstract":"Peat soils store a large fraction of the global soil carbon (C) pool and comprise 95% of wetland C stocks. While isolated freshwater wetlands in temperate and tropical biomes account for more than 20% of the global peatland C stock, most studies of wetland soil C have occurred in expansive peatlands in northern boreal and subarctic biomes. Furthermore, the contribution of small depressional wetlands in comparison to larger wetland systems in these environments is very uncertain. Given the fact that these wetlands are numerous and variable in terms of their internal geometry, innovative methods are needed for properly estimating belowground C stocks and their overall C contribution to the landscape. In this study, we use a combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR), aerial imagery, and direct measurements (coring) in conjunction with C core analysis to develop a relation between C stock and surface area, and estimate the contribution of subtropical depressional wetlands to the total C stock of pine flatwoods at the Disney Wilderness Preserve (DWP), Florida. Additionally, GPR surveys were able to image collapse structures underneath the peat basin of depressional wetlands, depicting lithological controls on the formation of depressional wetlands at the DWP. Results indicate the importance of depressional wetlands as critical contributors to the landscape C budget at the DWP and the potential of GPR-based approaches for (1) rapidly and noninvasively estimating the contribution of depressional wetlands to regional C stocks and (2) evaluating the formational processes of depressional wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2016JG003573","usgsCitation":"McClellan, M., Comas, X., Hinkle, R., and Sumner, D.M., 2017, Estimating belowground carbon stocks in isolated wetlands of the Northern Everglades Watershed, central Florida, using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and aerial imagery: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 122, no. 11, p. 2804-2816, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003573.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2804","endPage":"2816","ipdsId":"IP-076429","costCenters":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003573","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Central Florida, Disney Wilderness Preserve","volume":"122","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae7e4b06e28e9c2294d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClellan, Matthew","contributorId":201324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClellan","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comas, Xavier","contributorId":201325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comas","given":"Xavier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkle, Ross","contributorId":201326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Ross","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194065,"text":"ofr20171147 - 2017 - Groundwater/surface-water interaction in central Sevier County, Tennessee, October 2015–2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T15:24:21","indexId":"ofr20171147","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1147","title":"Groundwater/surface-water interaction in central Sevier County, Tennessee, October 2015–2016","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the central part of Sevier County, Tennessee, from October 2015 through October 2016. Stream base flow was surveyed in December 2015 and in July and October 2016 to evaluate losing and gaining stream reaches along three streams in the area. During a July 2016 synoptic survey, groundwater levels were measured in wells screened in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer to define the potentiometric surface in the area. The middle and lower reaches of the Little Pigeon River and the middle reaches of Middle Creek and the West Prong Little Pigeon River were gaining streams at base-flow conditions. The lower segments of the West Prong Little Pigeon River and Middle Creek were losing reaches under base-flow conditions, with substantial flow losses in the West Prong Little Pigeon River and complete subsurface diversion of flow in Middle Creek through a series of sinkholes that developed in the streambed and adjacent flood plain beginning in 2010. The potentiometric surface of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer showed depressed water levels in the area where loss of flow occurred in the lower reaches of West Prong Little Pigeon River and Middle Creek. Continuous dewatering activities at a rock quarry located in this area appear to have lowered groundwater levels by as much as 180 feet, which likely is the cause of flow losses observed in the two streams, and a contributing factor to the development of sinkholes at Middle Creek near Collier Drive.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Sevierville and Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation","usgsCitation":"Carmichael, J.K., and Johnson, G.C., 2017, Groundwater/surface-water interaction in central Sevier County, Tennessee, October 2015–2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1147, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171147.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086182","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1147/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1147/ofr20171147.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1147"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Sevier County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.60664367675781,\n 35.74261114799056\n ],\n [\n -83.38485717773438,\n 35.74261114799056\n ],\n [\n -83.38485717773438,\n 35.88126165890356\n ],\n [\n -83.60664367675781,\n 35.88126165890356\n ],\n [\n -83.60664367675781,\n 35.74261114799056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center—Tennessee
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
The enhancement of agricultural lands through the use of artificial drainage systems is a common practice throughout the United States, and recently the use of this practice has expanded in the Prairie Pothole Region. Many wetlands are afforded protection from the direct effects of drainage through regulation or legal agreements, and drainage setback distances typically are used to provide a buffer between wetlands and drainage systems. A field study was initiated to assess the potential for subsurface drainage to affect wetland surface-water characteristics through a reduction in precipitation runoff, and to examine the efficacy of current U.S. Department of Agriculture drainage setback distances for limiting these effects. Surface-water levels, along with primary components of the catchment water balance, were monitored over 3 y at four seasonal wetland catchments situated in a high-relief terrain (7–11% slopes). During the second year of the study, subsurface drainage systems were installed in two of the catchments using drainage setbacks, and the drainage discharge volumes were monitored. A catchment water-balance model was used to assess the potential effect of subsurface drainage on wetland hydrology and to assess the efficacy of drainage setbacks for mitigating these effects. Results suggest that overland precipitation runoff can be an important component of the seasonal water balance of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands, accounting on average for 34% (19–49%) or 45% (39–49%) of the annual (includes snowmelt runoff) or seasonal (does not include snowmelt) input volumes, respectively. Seasonal (2014–2015) discharge volumes from the localized drainage systems averaged 81 m3 (31–199 m3), and were small when compared with average combined inputs of 3,745 m3 (1,214–6,993 m3) from snowmelt runoff, direct precipitation, and precipitation runoff. Model simulations of reduced precipitation runoff volumes as a result of subsurface drainage systems showed that ponded wetland surface areas were reduced by an average of 590 m2 (141–1,787 m2), or 24% (3–46%), when no setbacks were used (drainage systems located directly adjacent to wetland). Likewise, wetland surface areas were reduced by an average of 141 m2 (23–464 m2), or 7% (1–28%), when drainage setbacks (buffer) were used. In totality, the field data and model simulations suggest that the drainage setbacks should reduce, but not eliminate, impacts to the water balance of the four wetlands monitored in this study that were located in a high-relief terrain. However, further study is required to assess the validity of these conclusions outside of the limited parameters (e.g., terrain, weather, soils) of this study and to examine potential ecological effects of altered wetland hydrology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/022017-JFWM-012","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., and Finocchiaro, R., 2017, A case study examining the efficacy of drainage setbacks for limiting effects to wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region, USA: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 8, no. 2, p. 513-529, https://doi.org/10.3996/022017-JFWM-012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"529","ipdsId":"IP-084102","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/022017-jfwm-012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Stutsman County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.4477,46.8044],[-99.4476,46.9788],[-99.4821,46.9795],[-99.4824,47.0089],[-99.4822,47.0162],[-99.4821,47.0249],[-99.4826,47.0396],[-99.4827,47.1558],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Stutsman\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae7e4b06e28e9c2294a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":167277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond 0000-0002-5514-8729 rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-8729","contributorId":167278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187491,"text":"sir20175015 - 2017 - Generalized hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget for a groundwater availability study for the glacial aquifer system of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T11:31:51","indexId":"sir20175015","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5015","title":"Generalized hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget for a groundwater availability study for the glacial aquifer system of the United States","docAbstract":"The glacial aquifer system groundwater availability study seeks to quantify (1) the status of groundwater resources in the glacial aquifer system, (2) how these resources have changed over time, and (3) likely system response to future changes in anthropogenic and environmental conditions. The glacial aquifer system extends from Maine to Alaska, although the focus of this report is the part of the system in the conterminous United States east of the Rocky Mountains. The glacial sand and gravel principal aquifer is the largest source of public and self-supplied industrial supply for any principal aquifer and also is an important source for irrigation supply. Despite its importance for water supply, water levels in the glacial aquifer system are generally stable varying with climate and only locally from pumping. The hydrogeologic framework developed for this study includes the information from waterwell records and classification of material types from surficial geologic maps into likely aquifers dominated by sand and gravel deposits. Generalized groundwater budgets across the study area highlight the variation in recharge and discharge primarily driven by climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175015","collaboration":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Reeves, H.W., Bayless, E.R., Dudley, R.W., Feinstein, D.T., Fienen, M.N., Hoard, C.J., Hodgkins, G.A., Qi, S.L., Roth, J.L., and Trost, J.J., 2017, Generalized hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget for a groundwater availability study for the glacial aquifer system of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5015, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175015.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066369","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5015/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349673,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5015/sir20175015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5015"},{"id":349672,"rank":2,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/gw/regional.html","text":"Water Availability and Use Science Program"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Glacial Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -67.060546875,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -67.060546875,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -129.990234375,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -129.990234375,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 54.470037612805754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way
Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911–5991
In previous tests of the effectiveness of four common fish screen materials for excluding lamprey ammocoetes, we determined that woven wire (WW) allowed substantially more entrainment than perforated plate (PP), profile bar (PB), or Intralox (IL) material. These tests were simplistic because they used small vertically-oriented screens positioned perpendicular to the flow without a bypass or a sweeping velocity (SV). In the subsequent test discussed in this report, we exposed ammocoetes to much larger (2.5-m-wide) screen panels with flows up to 10 ft3 /s, a SV component, and a simulated bypass channel. The addition of a SV modestly improved protection of lamprey ammocoetes for all materials tested. A SV of 35 cm/s with an approach velocity (AV) of 12 cm/s, was able to provide protection for fish about 5–15 mm smaller than the protection provided by an AV of 12 cm/s without a SV component. The best-performing screen panels (PP, IL, and PB) provided nearly complete protection from entrainment for fish greater than 50-mm toal length, but the larger openings in the WW material only protected fish greater than 100-mm total length. Decreasing the AV and SV by 50 percent expanded the size range of protected lampreys by about 10–15 mm for those exposed to IL and WW screens, and it decreased the protective ability of PP screens by about 10 mm. Much of the improvement for IL and WW screens under the reduced flow conditions resulted from an increase in the number of lampreys swimming away from the screen. Fish of all sizes became impinged (that is, stuck on the screen surface for more than 1 s) on the screens, with the rate of impingement highest on PP (39– 72 percent) and lowest on WW (7–22 percent). Although impingements were common, injuries were rare, and 24-h post-test survival was greater than 99 percent. Our results refined the level of protection provided by these screen materials when both an AV and SV are present and confirmed our earlier recommendation that WW screens be replaced with more effective materials. Future work should focus on determining the risks associated with other screen types (for example, rotary drum screens, horizontal flat plate screens) and exploring the effectiveness of higher SV:AV ratios, because it may help expand the range of sizes protected by the best performing materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171163","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., Liedtke, T.L., Weiland, L.K., and Christiansen, H.E., 2017, Effectiveness of common fish screen materials for protecting lamprey ammocoetes—Influence of sweeping velocities and decreasing flows: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1163, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171163.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-092482","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1163/ofr20171163.pdf","text":"Report","size":"836 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1163"},{"id":350013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1163/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
Monitoring the status and trends of species is critical to their conservation and management. However, the current state of biodiversity monitoring is insufficient to detect such for most species and habitats, other than in a few localised areas. One of the biggest obstacles to adequate monitoring is the lack of local capacity to carry out such programs. Thus, building the capacity to do such monitoring is imperative. We here highlight different biodiversity monitoring efforts to illustrate how capacity building efforts are being conducted at different geographic scales and under a range of resource, literacy, and training constraints. Accordingly, we include examples of monitoring efforts from within countries (Kenya, France, and China), within regions (Central America and the Arctic) and larger capacity building programs including EDGE (Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered) of Existence and the National Red List Alliance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The GEO handbook on biodiversity observation networks","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing/Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-27288-7_13","usgsCitation":"Schmeller, D.S., Arvanitidis, C., Bohm, M., Brummitt, N., Chatzinikolaou, E., Costello, M.J., Ding, H., Gill, M.J., Haase, P., Juillard, R., Garcia-Moreno, J., Pettorelli, N., Peng, C., Riginos, C., Schmiedel, U., Simaika, J.P., Waterman, C., Wu, J., Xu, H., and Belnap, J., 2017, Case studies of capacity building for biodiversity monitoring, chap. 13 of The GEO handbook on biodiversity observation networks, p. 309-326, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27288-7_13.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"326","ipdsId":"IP-061404","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics, stratigraphic relationships, and age. Drill-hole information correlated in cross sections provides details of typical stratigraphic sequences that compose one or more penetrated geologic map units. A new bedrock geologic map (on sheet 2) includes contours of the altitude of the eroded top of bedrock and shows the distribution of middle Paleozoic shale and carbonate units in the subcrop. A sediment thickness map (also on sheet 2) portrays the extent of as much as 150 meters of surficial materials that overlie the bedrock surface.
The major physical features of the county are related principally to deposits of the last Laurentide ice sheet that advanced and then retreated back through the region from about 19,000 to 14,000 radiocarbon years before present. Glacial and postglacial deposits underlie the entire county; shale bedrock crops out only in the adjacent offshore area on the bottom of Lake Michigan. All glacial deposits and glacial meltwater deposits in Berrien County are related to the late Wisconsinan glacial advances of the Lake Michigan ice lobe and its three regional recessional moraines, which cross the county as three north-northeast-trending belts.
From east to west (oldest to youngest), the three moraine belts are known as the Kalamazoo, Valparaiso, and Lake Border morainic systems. The till-ridge morainic systems (Lake Border and local Valparaiso morainic systems) consist of multiple, elongate moraine ridges separated by till plains and lake-bottom plains. Tills in ground and end moraines in Berrien County are distinguished as informal units, and are correlated with three proposed regional till units in southwestern Michigan, characterized as clayey till, loamy till, or sandy loamy till that are based in part on correlation of silty tills and clay mineralogy. The stratified morainic systems (local Valparaiso and Kalamazoo morainic systems) are composed of multiple ice-marginal glacial-lake deltas and glaciolacustrine fans that form a contiguous array of deposits, welded together at their onlapping contacts, further related by the accordant altitudes of their delta topset plains. Their bounding ice-contact slopes repeatedly are aligned parallel to the regional trend of the receding ice margin. Ice-marginal (ice-contact) deltas were deposited in glacial lakes that expanded northward as the ice sheet retreated. Glaciofluvial topset beds, which overlie deltaic foreset and bottomset facies, fine away from the ice margin. Stratified deposits associated with the Valparaiso moraine were deposited in glacial Lakes Madron and Dowagiac. Subsequent deposits of glacial Lake Baroda preceded basin-wide deposits associated with various levels of Lake Michigan.
Sheet 2 includes a series of 10 map figures that show cut-away three-dimensional time slices of the stratigraphic succession, from basal tills on bedrock, to ice-marginal deltas in the three large proglacial lakes, to stacked till/lake-bottom deposits related to the Lake Border ice margin readvances, to young deposits of glacial Lake Chicago and younger phases of other glacial lakes and the Chippewa lake lowstand.
The pamphlet contains a discussion of the stratigraphic framework, descriptions of each depositional unit, and graphic logs of U.S. Geological Survey stratigraphic drill holes. The pamphlet also relates the geologic history of Berrien County, beginning with bedrock Paleozoic marine deposits, continuing through erosional effects of multiple glaciations and the detailed steps of late Wisconsinan ice-margin recession as recorded in the moraines, and the rise and fall of postglacial lake levels in the Lake Michigan basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3383","isbn":"978-1-4113-4154-8","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Geological Survey and the Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., Kincare, K.A., O'Leary, D.W., Newell, W.L., Taylor, E.M., Williams, V.S., Lundstrom, S.C., Abraham, J.E., and Powers, M.H., 2017, Surficial geologic map of Berrien County, Michigan, and the adjacent offshore area of Lake Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3383, 2 sheets, scale 1:50,000, and 49-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3383.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; Sheets: 41.50 x 58.50 inches; 3 Geodatabases; Read Me","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-005974","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349747,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/sim3383_open.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Complete, automatic translation of SIM 3383.gdb into shapefiles and other files; contains metadata"},{"id":349748,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/sim3383_simple.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Automatic translation of most of the contents of SIM 3383.gdb into simple flat shapefiles; contains metadata"},{"id":345906,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":345910,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/sim3383_GeMS.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"9.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Contains SIM 3383.gdb (an ESRI ArcGIS v. 10.5 file geodatabase), and metadata and other files"},{"id":345911,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/sim3383_readme.txt","size":"2.42 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":345907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/sim3383.pdf","text":"Report (Pamphlet)","size":"2.49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3383"},{"id":345908,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/sim3383_mapsheet1.pdf","text":"Map Sheet 1 ","size":"35.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":345909,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3383/sim3383_mapsheet2.pdf","text":"Map Sheet 2","size":"43.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Berrien County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.82907104492188,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -86.2261962890625,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -86.2261962890625,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -86.82907104492188,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -86.82907104492188,\n 41.76106872528616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
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926A National Center
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Reston, VA 20192
The Interstate 94 Corridor has been identified as 1 of 16 Minnesota groundwater areas of concern because of its limited available groundwater resources. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, completed six seasonal and annual groundwater balances for parts of the Interstate 94 Corridor surficial aquifer to better understand its long-term (next several decades) sustainability. A high-precision Mississippi River groundwater discharge measurement of 5.23 cubic feet per second per mile was completed at low-flow conditions to better inform these groundwater balances. The recharge calculation methods RISE program and Soil-Water-Balance model were used to inform the groundwater balances. For the RISE-derived recharge estimates, the range was from 3.30 to 11.91 inches per year; for the SWB-derived recharge estimates, the range was from 5.23 to 17.06 inches per year.
Calculated groundwater discharges ranged from 1.45 to 5.06 cubic feet per second per mile, a ratio of 27.7 to 96.4 percent of the measured groundwater discharge. Ratios of groundwater pumping to total recharge ranged from 8.6 to 97.2 percent, with the longer-term groundwater balances ranging from 12.9 to 19 percent. Overall, this study focused on the surficial aquifer system and its interactions with the Mississippi River. During the study period (October 1, 2012, through November 30, 2014), six synoptic measurements, along with continuous groundwater hydrographs, rainfall records, and a compilation of the pertinent irrigation data, establishes the framework for future groundwater modeling efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.A., Lorenz, D.L., Kessler, E.W., Berg, A.M., and Sanocki, C.A., 2017, Groundwater discharge to the Mississippi River and groundwater balances for the Interstate 94 Corridor surficial aquifer, Clearwater to Elk River, Minnesota, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5114, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175114.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 54 p.; Appendix Tables; Data Release","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-027699","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349965,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5114/sir20175114_appendix_tables.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables 1–4","size":"171 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5114 Appendix Tables"},{"id":349961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5114/sir20175114.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5114"},{"id":349960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5114/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349962,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NZ864G","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Soil-Water-Balance model data sets for the Interstate 94 corridor surficial aquifer, Clearwater to Elk River, Minnesota, 2010-2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.10202026367188,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -93.52249145507812,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -93.52249145507812,\n 45.47650323381734\n ],\n [\n -94.10202026367188,\n 45.47650323381734\n ],\n [\n -94.10202026367188,\n 45.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112–4900
Globalization has facilitated the worldwide movement and introduction of pathogens, but epizoological reconstructions of these invasions are often hindered by limited sampling and insufficient genetic resolution among isolates. Pseudogymnoascus destructans, a fungal pathogen causing the epizootic of white-nose syndrome in North American bats, has exhibited few genetic polymorphisms in previous studies, presenting challenges for both epizoological tracking of the spread of this fungus and for determining its evolutionary history. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from whole-genome sequencing and microsatellites to construct high-resolution phylogenies of P. destructans. Shallow genetic diversity and the lack of geographic structuring among North American isolates support a recent introduction followed by expansion via clonal reproduction across the epizootic zone. Moreover, the genetic relationships of isolates within North America suggest widespread mixing and long-distance movement of the fungus. Genetic diversity among isolates of P. destructans from Europe was substantially higher than in those from North America. However, genetic distance between the North American isolates and any given European isolate was similar to the distance between the individual European isolates. In contrast, the isolates we examined from Asia were highly divergent from both European and North American isolates. Although the definitive source for introduction of the North American population has not been conclusively identified, our data support the origin of the North American invasion by P. destructans from Europe rather than Asia.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/mBio.01941-17","usgsCitation":"Drees, K.P., Lorch, J.M., Puechmaille, S.J., Parise, K.L., Wibbelt, G., Hoyt, J.R., Sun, K., Jargalsaikhan, A., Dalannast, M., Palmer, J.M., Linder, D.L., Kilpatrick, M., Pearson, T., Keim, P.S., Blehert, D.S., and Foster, J.T., 2017, Phylogenetics of a fungal invasion: Origins and widespread dispersal of white-nose syndrome: mBio, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01941-17.","productDescription":"e01941-17; 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-091970","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01941-17","text":"Publisher Index 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Talima","contributorId":201312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"Talima","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Keim, Paul S.","contributorId":201311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keim","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Foster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":177905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70194784,"text":"70194784 - 2017 - First evidence of bighead carp wild recruitment in Western Europe, and its relation to hydrology and temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T16:41:22","indexId":"70194784","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First evidence of bighead carp wild recruitment in Western Europe, and its relation to hydrology and temperature","docAbstract":"Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) have been introduced throughout Europe, mostly unintentionally, and little attention has been given to their potential for natural reproduction. We investigated the presence of young-of-the-year bighead carp in an irrigation canal network of Northern Italy and the environmental conditions associated with spawning in 2011–2015. The adult bighead carp population of the canal network was composed by large, likely mature, individuals with an average density of 45.2 kg/ha (over 10 fold more than in the main river). The 29 juvenile bighead carp found were 7.4–13.1 cm long (TL) and weighed 9.5–12.7 g. Using otolith-derived spawning dates we estimated that these juveniles were 94–100 days old, placing their fertilization and hatch dates in mid-to-end-June. Using this information in combination with thermal and hydraulic data, we examined the validity of existing models predicting the onset of spawning conditions and the viability of egg pathways to elucidate spawning location of the species. While evidence of reproduction was not found every year, we determined that potentially viable spawning conditions (annual degree-days and temperature thresholds) and pathways of egg drift suitable for hatching are present in short, slow-flowing canals.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0189517","usgsCitation":"Milardi, M., Chapman, D., Long, J.M., and Castaldelli, G., 2017, First evidence of bighead carp wild recruitment in Western Europe, and its relation to hydrology and temperature: PLoS ONE, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189517.","productDescription":"e0189517; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-083648","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae9e4b06e28e9c2296d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milardi, Marco","contributorId":201384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milardi","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castaldelli, Giuseppe","contributorId":201385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castaldelli","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194061,"text":"fs20173084 - 2017 - U.S. Geological Survey shrub/grass products provide new approach to shrubland monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T09:02:06","indexId":"fs20173084","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-3084","title":"U.S. Geological Survey shrub/grass products provide new approach to shrubland monitoring","docAbstract":"In the Western United States, shrubland ecosystems provide vital ecological, hydrological, biological, agricultural, and recreational services. However, disturbances such as livestock grazing, exotic species invasion, conversion to agriculture, climate change, urban expansion, and energy development are altering these ecosystems.
Improving our understanding of how shrublands are distributed, where they are changing, the extent of the historical change, and likely future change directions is critical for successful management of these ecosystems. Remote-sensing technologies provide the most likely data source for large-area monitoring of ecosystem disturbance—both near-real time and historically. A monitoring framework supported by remote-sensing data can offer efficient and accurate analysis of change across a range of spatial and temporal scales.
The U.S. Geological Survey has been working to develop new remote-sensing data, tools, and products to characterize and monitor these changing shrubland landscapes. Nine individual map products (components) have been developed that quantify the percent of shrub, sagebrush, big sagebrush, herbaceous, annual herbaceous, litter, bare ground, shrub height, and sagebrush height at 1-percent intervals in each 30-meter grid cell. These component products are designed to be combined and customized to widely support different applications in rangeland monitoring, analysis of wildlife habitat, resource inventory, adaptive management, and environmental review.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173084","usgsCitation":"Young, S.M., 2017, U.S. Geological Survey shrub/grass products provide new approach to shrubland monitoring: U.S. Geological Fact Sheet 2017–3084, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173084.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-091949","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3084/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3084/fs20173084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017–3084"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which together comprise total organic carbon, were measured in this reconnaissance study at sampling sites in the Upper Klamath River, Lost River, and Klamath Straits Drain in 2013–16. Optical absorbance and fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which contains DOC, also were analyzed. Parallel factor analysis was used to decompose the optical fluorescence data into five key components for all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate differences in DOM source and processing among sites.
At all sites in this study, average DOC concentrations were higher than average POC concentrations. The highest DOC concentrations were at sites in the Klamath Straits Drain and at Pump Plant D. Evaluation of optical properties indicated that Klamath Straits Drain DOM had a refractory, terrestrial source, likely extracted from the interaction of this water with wetland peats and irrigated soils. Pump Plant D DOM exhibited more labile characteristics, which could, for instance, indicate contributions from algal or microbial exudates. The samples from Klamath River also had more microbial or algal derived material, as indicated by PCA analysis of the optical properties. Most sites, except Pump Plant D, showed a linear relation between fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) and DOC concentration, indicating these measurements are highly correlated (R2=0.84), and thus a continuous fDOM probe could be used to estimate DOC loads from these sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171160","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Goldman, J.H., and Sullivan, A.B., 2017, Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the Upper Klamath River, Lost River, and Klamath Straits Drain, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2017-1160, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171160.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088888","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1160/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1160/ofr20171160.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1160"},{"id":349914,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71Z42V4","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data from an analysis of dissolved organic matter in the Upper Klamath River, Lost River, and Klamath Straits Drain, Oregon and California, 2013–16"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lost River, Klamath Straits Drain, Upper Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.05261230468751,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -121.0308837890625,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -121.0308837890625,\n 42.44980808481614\n ],\n [\n -122.05261230468751,\n 42.44980808481614\n ],\n [\n -122.05261230468751,\n 41.77131167976407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The deep sea is a rich environment composed of diverse habitat types. While deep-sea coral habitats have been discovered within each ocean basin, knowledge about the ecology of these habitats and associated inhabitants continues to grow. This report presents information and results from the Lophelia II project that examined deep-sea coral habitats in the Gulf of Mexico. The Lophelia II project focused on Lophelia pertusa habitats along the continental slope, at depths ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters. The chapters are authored by several scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of North Carolina Wilmington, and Florida State University who examined the community ecology (from microbes to fishes), deep-sea coral age, growth, and reproduction, and population connectivity of deep-sea corals and inhabitants. Data from these studies are presented in the chapters and appendixes of the report as well as in journal publications. This study was conducted by the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey to meet information needs identified by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171139","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A.W.J., Ross, S.W., Kellogg, C.A., Morrison, C.L., Nizinski, M., Prouty, N.G., Bourque, J.R., Galkiewicz, J.P., Gray, M.A., Springmann, M.J., Coykendall, D.K., Miller, A., Rhode, M., Quattrini, A., Ames, C.L., Brooke, S., McClain-Counts, J., Roark, E.B., Buster, N.A., Phillips, R.M., and Frometa, J., 2017, Deepwater Program: Lophelia II, continuing ecological research on deep-sea corals and deep-reef habitats in the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1139, 269 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171139.","productDescription":"xviii, 269 p.","numberOfPages":"287","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057758","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1139/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":349832,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1139/ofr20171139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1139"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 24\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st St.
Gainesville, FL 32653
The mission of the National Strong-Motion Project is to provide measurements of how the ground and built environment behave during earthquake shaking to the earthquake engineering community, the scientific community, emergency managers, public agencies, industry, media, and other users for the following purposes:
Director,
Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Mail Stop 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Understanding the effects of management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for designing effective policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. In the Midwest United States, management practices in the croplands have been improved to increase crop production and reduce SOC loss since the 1980s. Many studies of SOC dynamics in croplands have been performed to understand the effects of management, but the results are still not conclusive. This study quantified SOC dynamics in the Midwest croplands from 1980 to 2012 with the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modelling System (GEMS) and available management data. Our results showed that the total SOC in the croplands decreased from 1190 Tg C in 1980 to 1107 TgC in 1995, and then increased to 1176 TgC in 2012. Continuous cropping and intensive tillage may have driven SOC loss in the early period. The increase of crop production and adoption of conservation tillage increased the total SOC so that the decrease in the total SOC stock after 32 years was only 1%. The small change in average SOC did not reflect the large spatial variations of SOC change in the region. Major SOC losses occurred in the north and south of the region, where SOC baseline values were high and cropland production was low. The SOC gains took place in the central part of the region where SOC baseline values were moderate and cropland production was higher than the other areas. We simulated multiple land-use land-cover (LULC) change scenarios and analyzed the results. The analysis showed that among all the LULC changes, agricultural technology that increased cropland production had the greatest impact on SOC changes, followed by the tillage practices, changes in crop species, and the conversions of cropland to other land use. Information on management practice induced spatial variation in SOC can be useful for policy makers and farm managers to develop long-term management strategies for increasing SOC sequestration in different areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.09.017","usgsCitation":"Li, Z., Liu, S., Tan, Z., Sohl, T.L., and Wu, Y., 2017, Simulating the effects of management practices on cropland soil organic carbon changes in the Temperate Prairies Ecoregion of the United States from 1980 to 2012: Ecological Modelling, v. 365, p. 68-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.09.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-087774","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"365","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c18c425e4b006c4f856ace0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Zhen","contributorId":200957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Zhen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195221,"text":"70195221 - 2017 - Aftershocks, earthquake effects, and the location of the large 14 December 1872 earthquake near Entiat, central Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-03T11:39:03","indexId":"70195221","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks, earthquake effects, and the location of the large 14 December 1872 earthquake near Entiat, central Washington","docAbstract":"Reported aftershock durations, earthquake effects, and other observations from the large 14 December 1872 earthquake in central Washington are consistent with an epicenter near Entiat, Washington. Aftershocks were reported for more than 3 months only near Entiat. Modal intensity data described in this article are consistent with an Entiat area epicenter, where the largest modified Mercalli intensities, VIII, were assigned between Lake Chelan and Wenatchee. Although ground failures and water effects were widespread, there is a concentration of these features along the Columbia River and its tributaries in the Entiat area. Assuming linear ray paths, misfits from 23 reports of the directions of horizontal shaking have a local minima at Entiat, assuming the reports are describing surface waves, but the region having comparable misfit is large. Broadband seismograms recorded for comparable ray paths provide insight into the reasons why possible S–P times estimated from felt reports at two locations are several seconds too small to be consistent with an Entiat area epicenter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120170224","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Hopper, M.G., Algermissen, S.T., Perkins, D.M., Brockman, S.R., and Arnold, E.P., 2017, Aftershocks, earthquake effects, and the location of the large 14 December 1872 earthquake near Entiat, central Washington: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 108, no. 1, p. 66-83, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170224.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"83","ipdsId":"IP-088313","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Entiat","volume":"108","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7acd1fe4b00f54eb20c591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopper, Margaret G. hopper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"Margaret","email":"hopper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":727515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Algermissen, S.T. Ted","contributorId":202065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ted","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":727516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, David M. perkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"David","email":"perkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brockman, Stanley R.","contributorId":62226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":727518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, Edouard P.","contributorId":202068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Edouard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194659,"text":"70194659 - 2017 - Increased sediment load during a large-scale dam removal changes nearshore subtidal communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T11:55:12","indexId":"70194659","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased sediment load during a large-scale dam removal changes nearshore subtidal communities","docAbstract":"The coastal marine ecosystem near the Elwha River was altered by a massive sediment influx—over 10 million tonnes—during the staged three-year removal of two hydropower dams. We used time series of bathymetry, substrate grain size, remotely sensed turbidity, scuba dive surveys, and towed video observations collected before and during dam removal to assess responses of the nearshore subtidal community (3 m to 17 m depth). Biological changes were primarily driven by sediment deposition and elevated suspended sediment concentrations. Macroalgae, predominantly kelp and foliose red algae, were abundant before dam removal with combined cover levels greater than 50%. Where persistent sediment deposits formed, macroalgae decreased greatly or were eliminated. In areas lacking deposition, macroalgae cover decreased inversely to suspended sediment concentration, suggesting impacts from light reduction or scour. Densities of most invertebrate and fish taxa decreased in areas with persistent sediment deposition; however, bivalve densities increased where mud deposited over sand, and flatfish and Pacific sand lance densities increased where sand deposited over gravel. In areas without sediment deposition, most invertebrate and fish taxa were unaffected by increased suspended sediment or the loss of algae cover associated with it; however, densities of tubeworms and flatfish, and primary cover of sessile invertebrates increased suggesting benefits of increased particulate matter or relaxed competition with macroalgae for space. As dam removal neared completion, we saw evidence of macroalgal recovery that likely owed to water column clearing, indicating that long-term recovery from dam removal effects may be starting. Our results are relevant to future dam removal projects in coastal areas and more generally to understanding effects of increased sedimentation on nearshore subtidal benthic communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0187742","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S., Miller, I.M., Foley, M.M., Berry, H.D., Duda, J., Hudson, B., Elder, N.E., Beirne, M.M., Warrick, J.A., McHenry, M.L., Stevens, A.W., Eidam, E., Ogston, A., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and Pedersen, R., 2017, Increased sediment load during a large-scale dam removal changes nearshore subtidal communities: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 12, p. 1-46, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187742.","productDescription":"e0187742; 46 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-088231","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187742","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JS9PDK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data 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1978–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T09:45:41","indexId":"sir20175115","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-07T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5115","title":"Evaluation and use of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Watersheds Needs Survey data to quantify nutrient loads to surface water, 1978–2012","docAbstract":"Changes in municipal and industrial point-source discharges over time have been an important factor affecting nutrient trends in many of the Nation’s streams and rivers. This report documents how three U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) national datasets—the Permit Compliance System, the Integrated Compliance Information System, and the Clean Watersheds Needs Survey—were evaluated for use in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment project to assess the causes of nutrient trends. This report also describes how a database of total nitrogen load and total phosphorous load was generated for select wastewater treatment facilities in the United States based on information reported in the EPA Clean Watersheds Needs Survey. Nutrient loads were calculated for the years 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012 based on average nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations for reported treatment levels and on annual reported flow values.
The EPA Permit Compliance System (PCS) and Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS), which monitor point-source facility discharges, together are the Nation’s most spatially comprehensive dataset for nutrients released to surface waters. However, datasets for many individual facilities are incomplete, the PCS/ICIS historical data date back only to 1989, and historical data are available for only a limited number of facilities. Additionally, inconsistencies in facility reporting make it difficult to track or identify changes in nutrient discharges over time. Previous efforts made by the U.S. Geological Survey to “fill in” gaps in the PCS/ICIS data were based on statistical methods—missing data were filled in through the use of a statistical model based on the Standard Industrial Classification code, size, and flow class of the facility and on seasonal nutrient discharges of similar facilities. This approach was used to estimate point-source loads for a single point in time; it was not evaluated for use in generating a consistent data series over time.
Another national EPA dataset that is available is the Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS), conducted every 4 years beginning 1973. The CWNS is an assessment of the capital needs of wastewater facilities to meet the water-quality goals set in the Clean Water Act. Data collected about these facilities include location and contact information for the facilities; population served; flow and treatment level of the facility; estimated capital needs to upgrade, repair, or improve facilities for water quality; and nonpoint-source best management practices.
Total nitrogen and total phosphorous load calculations for each of the CWNS years were based on treatment level information and average annual outflow (in million gallons per day) from each of the facilities that had reported it. Treatment levels categories (such as Primary, Secondary, or Advanced) were substituted with average total nitrogen and total phosphorous concentrations for each treatment level based on those reported in literature. The CWNS dataset, like the PCS/ICIS dataset, has years where facilities did not report either a treatment level or an annual average outflow, or both. To fill in the data gaps, simple linear assumptions were made based on each facility’s responses to the survey in years bracketing the data gap or immediately before or after the data gap if open ended. Treatment level and flow data unique to each facility were used to complete the CWNS dataset for that facility.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175115","usgsCitation":"Ivahnenko, Tamara, 2017, Evaluation and use of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Watersheds Needs Survey data to quantify nutrient loads to surface water, 1978–2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5115, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175115.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-082278","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5115/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349584,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MNN","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"National USEPA Clean Watershed Needs Survey WWTP nutrient load data 1978 to 2012"},{"id":349389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5115/sir20175115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"864 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5115"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, National Water Quality Program
U.S. Geological Survey
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Reston, VA 20192