To establish longevity of faecal DNA samples under varying summer field conditions, we collected 53 faeces from captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) on a restricted vegetation diet. Each faeces was divided, and one half was placed on a warm, dry field site while the other half was placed on a cool, wet field site on Moscow Mountain, Idaho, USA. Temperature, relative humidity, and dew point data were collected on each site, and faeces were sampled for DNA extraction at <1, 3, 6, 14, 30, 45, and 60 days. Faecal DNA sample viability was assessed by attempting PCR amplification of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus (???150 bp) and a nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite locus (180-200 bp). Time in the field, temperature, and dew point impacted mtDNA and nDNA amplification success with the greatest drop in success rates occurring between 1 and 3 days. In addition, genotyping errors significantly increased over time at both field sites. Based on these results, we recommend collecting samples at frequent transect intervals and focusing sampling efforts during drier portions of the year when possible. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Murphy, M., Kendall, K., Robinson, A., and Waits, L., 2007, The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification: Conservation Genetics, v. 8, no. 5, p. 1219-1224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1224","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baceee4b08c986b323852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, M.A.","contributorId":65214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, A.","contributorId":60011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, L.P.","contributorId":58987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033113,"text":"70033113 - 2007 - Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis","docAbstract":"The Helbig method for estimating total magnetization directions of compact sources from magnetic vector components is extended so that tensor magnetic gradient components can be used instead. Depths of the compact sources can be estimated using the Euler equation, and their dipole moment magnitudes can be estimated using a least squares fit to the vector component or tensor gradient component data. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2792526","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Nabighian, M., Smith, D., and Li, Y., 2007, Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 26, no. 1, p. 770-774, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2792526.","startPage":"770","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792526"},{"id":241189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b29e4b0c8380cd525d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030180,"text":"70030180 - 2007 - A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T12:14:47.9642","indexId":"70030180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii","docAbstract":"In the 1994 Recovery Plan for the Mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, the US Fish and Wildlife Service established 6 recovery units by using the best available data on habitat use, behavior, morphology, and genetics. To further assess the validity of the recovery units, we analyzed genetic data by using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) sequences and nuclear DNA microsatellites. In total, 125 desert tortoises were sampled for mtDNA and 628 for microsatellites from 31 study sites, representing all recovery units and desert regions throughout the Mojave Desert in California and Utah, and the Colorado Desert of California. The mtDNA revealed a great divergence between the Mojave populations west of the Colorado River and those occurring east of the river in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. Some divergence also occurred between northern and southern populations within the Mojave population. The microsatellites indicated a low frequency of private alleles and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance among 31 sample sites, which was consistent with an isolation-by-distance population structure. Regional genetic differentiation was complementary to the recovery units in the Recovery Plan. Most allelic frequencies in the recovery units differed. An assignment test correctly placed most individuals to their recovery unit of origin. Of the 6 recovery units, the Northeastern and the Upper Virgin River units showed the greatest differentiation; these units may have been relatively more isolated than other areas and should be managed accordingly. The Western Mojave Recovery Unit, by using the new genetic data, was redefined along regional boundaries into the Western Mojave, Central Mojave, and Southern Mojave recovery units. Large-scale translocations of tortoises and habitat disturbance throughout the 20th century may have contributed to the observed patterns of regional similarity. ?? 2007 Chelonian Research Foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:AGAOTR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10718443","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R., Berry, K., Edwards, T., and McLuckie, A., 2007, A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 229-251, https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:AGAOTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:agaotr]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.82887195343143,\n 36.14319621654907\n ],\n [\n -116.82887195343143,\n 33.116789670872976\n ],\n [\n -114.01757814690296,\n 33.116789670872976\n ],\n [\n -114.01757814690296,\n 36.14319621654907\n ],\n [\n -116.82887195343143,\n 36.14319621654907\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3f1e4b0c8380cd462f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, R. W.","contributorId":89840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, T.","contributorId":59743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLuckie, A.M.","contributorId":78107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLuckie","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033087,"text":"70033087 - 2007 - Mass balances of mercury and nitrogen in burned and unburned forested watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033087","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass balances of mercury and nitrogen in burned and unburned forested watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Precipitation and streamwater samples were collected from 16 November 1999 to 17 November 2000 in two watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, and analyzed for mercury (Hg) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, nitrate plus ammonium). Cadillac Brook watershed burned in a 1947 fire that destroyed vegetation and soil organic matter. We hypothesized that Hg deposition would be higher at Hadlock Brook (the reference watershed, 10.2 ??g/m2/year) than Cadillac (9.4 ??g/m2/year) because of the greater scavenging efficiency of the softwood vegetation in Hadlock. We also hypothesized the Hg and DIN export from Cadillac Brook would be lower than Hadlock Brook because of elemental volatilization during the fire, along with subsequently lower rates of atmospheric deposition in a watershed with abundant bare soil and bedrock, and regenerating vegetation. Consistent with these hypotheses, Hg export was lower from Cadillac Brook watershed (0.4 ??g/m2/year) than from Hadlock Brook watershed (1.3 ??g/m2/year). DIN export from Cadillac Brook (11.5 eq/ ha/year) was lower than Hadlock Brook (92.5 eq/ha/year). These data show that ??50 years following a wildfire there was lower atmospheric deposition due to changes in forest species composition, lower soil pools, and greater ecosystem retention for both Hg and DIN. ?? Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9332-4","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S., Johnson, K., Kahl, J.S., Haines, T., and Fernandez, I., 2007, Mass balances of mercury and nitrogen in burned and unburned forested watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 126, no. 1-3, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9332-4.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9332-4"},{"id":240815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a524ae4b0c8380cd6c2df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, S.J.","contributorId":45901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.B.","contributorId":31208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kahl, J. S.","contributorId":77885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fernandez, I.J.","contributorId":61221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030980,"text":"70030980 - 2007 - USGS QA Plan: Certification of digital airborne mapping products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:31:15","indexId":"70030980","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1720,"text":"GIM International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS QA Plan: Certification of digital airborne mapping products","docAbstract":"To facilitate acceptance of new digital technologies in aerial imaging and mapping, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners have launched a Quality Assurance (QA) Plan for Digital Aerial Imagery. This should provide a foundation for the quality of digital aerial imagery and products. It introduces broader considerations regarding processes employed by aerial flyers in collecting, processing and delivering data, and provides training and information for US producers and users alike.","language":"English","publisher":"Geomares Publishing","issn":"15669076","usgsCitation":"Christopherson, J., 2007, USGS QA Plan: Certification of digital airborne mapping products: GIM International, v. 21, no. 9.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbaae4b08c986b328771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopherson, J. 0000-0002-2472-0059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-0059","contributorId":40802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopherson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030981,"text":"70030981 - 2007 - Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030981","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods","docAbstract":"This extensive field test of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size from digital images was conducted using a digital bed-sediment camera, or 'beachball' camera. Using 205 sediment samples and >1200 images from a variety of beaches on the west coast of the US, grain size ranging from sand to granules was measured from field samples using both the autocorrelation technique developed by Rubin [Rubin, D.M., 2004. A simple autocorrelation algorithm for determining grain size from digital images of sediment. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 74(1): 160-165.] and traditional methods (i.e. settling tube analysis, sieving, and point counts). To test the accuracy of the digital-image grain size algorithm, we compared results with manual point counts of an extensive image data set in the Santa Barbara littoral cell. Grain sizes calculated using the autocorrelation algorithm were highly correlated with the point counts of the same images (r2 = 0.93; n = 79) and had an error of only 1%. Comparisons of calculated grain sizes and grain sizes measured from grab samples demonstrated that the autocorrelation technique works well on high-energy dissipative beaches with well-sorted sediment such as in the Pacific Northwest (r2 ??? 0.92; n = 115). On less dissipative, more poorly sorted beaches such as Ocean Beach in San Francisco, results were not as good (r2 ??? 0.70; n = 67; within 3% accuracy). Because the algorithm works well compared with point counts of the same image, the poorer correlation with grab samples must be a result of actual spatial and vertical variability of sediment in the field; closer agreement between grain size in the images and grain size of grab samples can be achieved by increasing the sampling volume of the images (taking more images, distributed over a volume comparable to that of a grab sample). In all field tests the autocorrelation method was able to predict the mean and median grain size with ???96% accuracy, which is more than adequate for the majority of sedimentological applications, especially considering that the autocorrelation technique is estimated to be at least 100 times faster than traditional methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Rubin, D.M., Harney, J., and Mustain, N., 2007, Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods: Sedimentary Geology, v. 201, no. 1-2, p. 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016.","startPage":"180","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016"},{"id":238936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fdce4b0c8380cd53a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harney, J.","contributorId":18172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harney","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mustain, N.","contributorId":102688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustain","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030982,"text":"70030982 - 2007 - Putting it all together: Exhumation histories from a formal combination of heat flow and a suite of thermochronometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-28T11:13:35.268476","indexId":"70030982","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Putting it all together: Exhumation histories from a formal combination of heat flow and a suite of thermochronometers","docAbstract":"A suite of new techniques in thermochronometry allow analysis of the thermal history of a sample over a broad range of temperature sensitivities. New analysis tools must be developed that fully and formally integrate these techniques, allowing a single geologic interpretation of the rate and timing of exhumation and burial events consistent with all data. We integrate a thermal model of burial and exhumation, (U-Th)/He age modeling, and fission track age and length modeling. We then use a genetic algorithm to efficiently explore possible time-exhumation histories of a vertical sample profile (such as a borehole), simultaneously solving for exhumation and burial rates as well as changes in background heat flow. We formally combine all data in a rigorous statistical fashion. By parameterizing the model in terms of exhumation rather than time-temperature paths (as traditionally done in fission track modeling), we can ensure that exhumation histories result in a sedimentary basin whose thickness is consistent with the observed basin, a physically based constraint that eliminates otherwise acceptable thermal histories. We apply the technique to heat flow and thermochronometry data from the 2.1 -km-deep San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth pilot hole near the San Andreas fault, California. We find that the site experienced <1 km of exhumation or burial since the onset of San Andreas fault activity
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004725","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"d'Alessio, M., and Williams, C., 2007, Putting it all together: Exhumation histories from a formal combination of heat flow and a suite of thermochronometers: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. 8, B08412, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004725.","productDescription":"B08412, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jb004725","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9049e4b0c8380cd7fc46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"d'Alessio, M. A.","contributorId":43159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d'Alessio","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, C.F. 0000-0003-2196-5496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":20401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033408,"text":"70033408 - 2007 - Landscape correlates along mourning dove call-count routes in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033408","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape correlates along mourning dove call-count routes in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) call-count surveys in Mississippi, USA, suggest declining populations. We used available mourning dove call-count data to evaluate long-term mourning dove habitat relationships. Dove routes were located in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Deep Loess Province, Mid Coastal Plain, and Hilly Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of Mississippi. We also included routes in the Blackbelt Prairie region of Mississippi and Alabama, USA. We characterized landscape structure and composition within 1.64-km buffers around 10 selected mourning dove call-count routes during 3 time periods. Habitat classes included agriculture, forest, urban, regeneration stands, wetland, and woodlot. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to select the best candidate model. We selected a model containing percent agriculture and edge density that contained approximately 40% of the total variability in the data set. Percent agriculture was positively correlated with relative dove abundance. Interestingly, we found a negative relationship between edge density and dove abundance. Researchers should conduct future research on dove nesting patterns in Mississippi and threshold levels of edge necessary to maximize dove density. During the last 20 years, Mississippi lost more than 800,000 ha of cropland while forest cover represented largely by pine (Pinus taeda) plantations increased by more than 364,000 ha. Our results suggest observed localized declines in mourning dove abundance in Mississippi may be related to the documented conversion of agricultural lands to pine plantations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2004-267","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Elmore, R., Vilella, F., and Gerard, P., 2007, Landscape correlates along mourning dove call-count routes in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 2, p. 422-427, https://doi.org/10.2193/2004-267.","startPage":"422","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2004-267"},{"id":240737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4409e4b0c8380cd667d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elmore, R.D.","contributorId":64450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilella, F. J.","contributorId":82025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilella","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030995,"text":"70030995 - 2007 - A critical assessment of the Burning Index in Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70030995","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A critical assessment of the Burning Index in Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"The Burning Index (BI) is commonly used as a predictor of wildfire activity. An examination of data on the BI and wildfires in Los Angeles County, California, from January 1976 to December 2000 reveals that although the BI is positively associated with wildfire occurrence, its predictive value is quite limited. Wind speed alone has a higher correlation with burn area than BI, for instance, and a simple alternative point process model using wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation and temperature well outperforms the BI in terms of predictive power. The BI is generally far too high in winter and too low in fall, and may exaggerate the impact of individual variables such as wind speed or temperature during times when other variables, such as precipitation or relative humidity, render the environment ill suited for wildfires. ?? IAWF 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF05089","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Schoenberg, F., Chang, H., Keeley, J., Pompa, J., Woods, J., and Xu, H., 2007, A critical assessment of the Burning Index in Los Angeles County, California: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 16, no. 4, p. 473-483, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF05089.","startPage":"473","endPage":"483","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493734,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ft54279","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF05089"},{"id":238571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e39fe4b0c8380cd46132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenberg, F.P.","contributorId":56438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenberg","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, H.-C.","contributorId":80463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pompa, J.","contributorId":39577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pompa","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woods, J.","contributorId":46304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030997,"text":"70030997 - 2007 - Biogeographic affinity helps explain productivity-richness relationships at regional and local scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70030997","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biogeographic affinity helps explain productivity-richness relationships at regional and local scales","docAbstract":"The unresolved question of what causes the observed positive relationship between large-scale productivity and species richness has long interested ecologists and evolutionists. Here we examine a potential explanation that we call the biogeographic affinity hypothesis, which proposes that the productivity-richness relationship is a function of species' climatic tolerances that in turn are shaped by the earth's climatic history combined with evolutionary niche conservatism. Using botanical data from regions and sites across California, we find support for a key prediction of this hypothesis, namely, that the productivity-species richness relationship differs strongly and predictably among groups of higher taxa on the basis of their biogeographic affinities (i.e., between families or genera primarily associated with north-temperate, semiarid, or desert zones). We also show that a consideration of biogeographic affinity can yield new insights on how productivity-richness patterns at large geographic scales filter down to affect patterns of species richness and composition within local communities. ?? 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","language":"English","doi":"10.1086/519010","issn":"00030147","usgsCitation":"Harrison, S., and Grace, J., 2007, Biogeographic affinity helps explain productivity-richness relationships at regional and local scales, in American Naturalist, v. 170, no. SUPPL., https://doi.org/10.1086/519010.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211334,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519010"},{"id":238606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f15ae4b0c8380cd4abf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, S.","contributorId":76129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033080,"text":"70033080 - 2007 - Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033080","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration","docAbstract":"Perchloroethylene (PCE) saturations determined from GPR surveys were used as observations for inversion of multiphase flow simulations of a PCE injection experiment (Borden 9??m cell), allowing for the estimation of optimal bulk intrinsic permeability values. The resulting fit statistics and analysis of residuals (observed minus simulated PCE saturations) were used to improve the conceptual model. These improvements included adjustment of the elevation of a permeability contrast, use of the van Genuchten versus Brooks-Corey capillary pressure-saturation curve, and a weighting scheme to account for greater measurement error with larger saturation values. A limitation in determining PCE saturations through one-dimensional GPR modeling is non-uniqueness when multiple GPR parameters are unknown (i.e., permittivity, depth, and gain function). Site knowledge, fixing the gain function, and multiphase flow simulations assisted in evaluating non-unique conceptual models of PCE saturation, where depth and layering were reinterpreted to provide alternate conceptual models. Remaining bias in the residuals is attributed to the violation of assumptions in the one-dimensional GPR interpretation (which assumes flat, infinite, horizontal layering) resulting from multidimensional influences that were not included in the conceptual model. While the limitations and errors in using GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations are frustrating and difficult to quantify, simulation results indicate that the error and bias in the PCE saturation values are small enough to still provide reasonable optimal permeability values. The effort to improve model fit and reduce residual bias decreases simulation error even for an inversion based on biased observations and provides insight into alternate GPR data interpretations. Thus, this effort is warranted and provides information on bias in the observation data when this bias is otherwise difficult to assess. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.003","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., and Poeter, E.P., 2007, Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 89, no. 1-2, p. 136-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.003.","startPage":"136","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.003"},{"id":240716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c21e4b0c8380cd62abc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.H.","contributorId":7041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033076,"text":"70033076 - 2007 - Landslide susceptibility revealed by LIDAR imagery and historical records, Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033076","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide susceptibility revealed by LIDAR imagery and historical records, Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data were used to visually map landslides, headscarps, and denuded slopes in Seattle, Washington. Four times more landslides were mapped than by previous efforts that used aerial photographs. The mapped landforms (landslides, headscarps, and denuded slopes) were created by many individual landslides. The spatial distribution of mapped landforms and 1308 historical landslides show that historical landslide activity has been concentrated on the mapped landforms, and that most of the landslide activity that created the landforms was prehistoric. Thus, the spatial densities of historical landslides on the landforms provide approximations of the landforms' relative susceptibilities to future landsliding. Historical landslide characteristics appear to be closely related to landform type so relative susceptibilities were determined for landslides with various characteristics. No strong relations were identified between stratigraphy and landslide occurrence; however, landslide characteristics and slope morphology appear to be related to stratigraphic conditions. Human activity is responsible for causing about 80% of historical Seattle landslides. The distribution of mapped landforms and human-caused landslides suggests the probable characteristics of future human-caused landslides on each of the landforms. The distribution of mapped landforms and historical landslides suggests that erosion of slope-toes by surface water has been a necessary condition for causing Seattle landslides. Human activity has largely arrested this erosion, which implies that landslide activity will decrease with time as hillsides naturally stabilize. However, evaluation of glacial-age analogs of areas of recent slope-toe erosion suggests that landslide activity in Seattle will continue for the foreseeable future. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.019","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W., 2007, Landslide susceptibility revealed by LIDAR imagery and historical records, Seattle, Washington: Engineering Geology, v. 89, no. 1-2, p. 67-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.019.","startPage":"67","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.019"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4444e4b0c8380cd669a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031010,"text":"70031010 - 2007 - Habitat classification modeling with incomplete data: Pushing the habitat envelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031010","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat classification modeling with incomplete data: Pushing the habitat envelope","docAbstract":"Habitat classification models (HCMs) are invaluable tools for species conservation, land-use planning, reserve design, and metapopulation assessments, particularly at broad spatial scales. However, species occurrence data are often lacking and typically limited to presence points at broad scales. This lack of absence data precludes the use of many statistical techniques for HCMs. One option is to generate pseudo-absence points so that the many available statistical modeling tools can be used. Traditional techniques generate pseudoabsence points at random across broadly defined species ranges, often failing to include biological knowledge concerning the species-habitat relationship. We incorporated biological knowledge of the species-habitat relationship into pseudo-absence points by creating habitat envelopes that constrain the region from which points were randomly selected. We define a habitat envelope as an ecological representation of a species, or species feature's (e.g., nest) observed distribution (i.e., realized niche) based on a single attribute, or the spatial intersection of multiple attributes. We created HCMs for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) nest habitat during the breeding season across Utah forests with extant nest presence points and ecologically based pseudo-absence points using logistic regression. Predictor variables were derived from 30-m USDA Landfire and 250-m Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) map products. These habitat-envelope-based models were then compared to null envelope models which use traditional practices for generating pseudo-absences. Models were assessed for fit and predictive capability using metrics such as kappa, thresholdindependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots, adjusted deviance (Dadj2), and cross-validation, and were also assessed for ecological relevance. For all cases, habitat envelope-based models outperformed null envelope models and were more ecologically relevant, suggesting that incorporating biological knowledge into pseudo-absence point generation is a powerful tool for species habitat assessments. Furthermore, given some a priori knowledge of the species-habitat relationship, ecologically based pseudo-absence points can be applied to any species, ecosystem, data resolution, and spatial extent. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-1312.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Zarnetske, P., Edwards, T., and Moisen, G.G., 2007, Habitat classification modeling with incomplete data: Pushing the habitat envelope: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1714-1726, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1312.1.","startPage":"1714","endPage":"1726","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211537,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1312.1"},{"id":238839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f03e4b0c8380cd5c9f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarnetske, P.L.","contributorId":27257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moisen, Gretchen G.","contributorId":15781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moisen","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031012,"text":"70031012 - 2007 - Rapid assessment of postfire plant invasions in coniferous forests of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-18T11:00:11","indexId":"70031012","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid assessment of postfire plant invasions in coniferous forests of the western United States","docAbstract":"Fire is a natural part of most forest ecosystems in the western United States, but its effects on nonnative plant invasion have only recently been studied. Also, forest managers are engaging in fuel reduction projects to lessen fire severity, often without considering potential negative ecological consequences such as nonnative plant species introductions. Increased availability of light, nutrients, and bare ground have all been associated with high-severity fires and fuel treatments and are known to aid in the establishment of nonnative plant species. We use vegetation and environmental data collected after wildfires at seven sites in coniferous forests in the western United States to study responses of nonnative plants to wildfire. We compared burned vs. unburned plots and plots treated with mechanical thinning and/or prescribed burning vs. untreated plots for nonnative plant species richness and cover and used correlation analyses to infer the effect of abiotic site conditions on invasibility. Wildfire was responsible for significant increases in nonnative species richness and cover, and a significant decrease in native cover. Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire fuel treatments were associated with significant changes in plant species composition at some sites. Treatment effects across sites were minimal and inconclusive due to significant site and site x treatment interaction effects caused by variation between sites including differences in treatment and fire severities and initial conditions (e.g., nonnative species sources). We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to determine what combinations of environmental variables best explained patterns of nonnative plant species richness and cover. Variables related to fire severity, soil nutrients, and elevation explained most of the variation in species composition. Nonnative species were generally associated with sites with higher fire severity, elevation, percentage of bare ground, and lower soil nutrient levels and lower canopy cover. Early assessments of postfire stand conditions can guide rapid responses to nonnative plant invasions. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/06-1859.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Freeman, J., Stohlgren, T., Hunter, M., Omi, P.N., Martinson, E., Chong, G., and Brown, C.S., 2007, Rapid assessment of postfire plant invasions in coniferous forests of the western United States: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1656-1665, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1859.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1656","endPage":"1665","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1859.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United 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\"}}]}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94c1e4b0c8380cd815d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, J.P.","contributorId":74575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, M.E.","contributorId":87672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Omi, Philip N.","contributorId":24307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omi","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinson, E.J.","contributorId":47149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinson","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chong, G.W.","contributorId":54153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, C. S.","contributorId":80675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031016,"text":"70031016 - 2007 - Identifying sources of nitrogen to Hanalei Bay, Kauai, utilizing the nitrogen isotope signature of macroalgae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-31T12:20:02.840178","indexId":"70031016","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying sources of nitrogen to Hanalei Bay, Kauai, utilizing the nitrogen isotope signature of macroalgae","docAbstract":"Sewage effluent, storm runoff, discharge from polluted rivers, and inputs of groundwater have all been suggested as potential sources of land derived nutrients into Hanalei Bay, Kauai. We determined the nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ15N) of different nitrate sources to Hanalei Bay along with the isotopic signature recorded by 11 species of macroalgal collected in the Bay. The macroalgae integrate the isotopic signatures of the nitrate sources over time, thus these data along with the nitrate to dissolved inorganic phosphate molar ratios (N:P) of the macroalgae were used to determine the major nitrate source to the bay ecosystem and which of the macro-nutrients is limiting algae growth, respectively. Relatively low δ15N values (average −0.5‰) were observed in all algae collected throughout the Bay; implicating fertilizer, rather than domestic sewage, as an important external source of nitrogen to the coastal water around Hanalei. The N:P ratio in the algae compared to the ratio in the Bay waters imply that the Hanalei Bay coastal ecosystem is nitrogen limited and thus, increased nitrogen input may potentially impact this coastal ecosystem and specifically the coral reefs in the Bay. Identifying the major source of nutrient loading to the Bay is important for risk assessment and potential remediation plans.
BARENTS50, a new 3-D geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea Region has been developed by the University of Oslo, NORSAR and the U.S. Geological Survey. The target region comprises northern Norway and Finland, parts of the Kola Peninsula and the East European lowlands. Novaya Zemlya, the Kara Sea and Franz-Josef Land terminate the region to the east, while the Norwegian-Greenland Sea marks the western boundary. In total, 680 1-D seismic velocity profiles were compiled, mostly by sampling 2-D seismic velocity transects, from seismic refraction profiles. Seismic reflection data in the western Barents Sea were further used for density modelling and subsequent density-to-velocity conversion. Velocities from these profiles were binned into two sedimentary and three crystalline crustal layers. The first step of the compilation comprised the layer-wise interpolation of the velocities and thicknesses. Within the different geological provinces of the study region, linear relationships between the thickness of the sedimentary rocks and the thickness of the remaining crystalline crust are observed. We therefore, used the separately compiled (area-wide) sediment thickness data to adjust the total crystalline crustal thickness according to the total sedimentary thickness where no constraints from 1-D velocity profiles existed. The BARENTS50 model is based on an equidistant hexagonal grid with a node spacing of 50 km. The P-wave velocity model was used for gravity modelling to obtain 3-D density structure. A better fit to the observed gravity was achieved using a grid search algorithm which focussed on the density contrast of the sediment-basement interface. An improvement compared to older geophysical models is the high resolution of 50 km. Velocity transects through the 3-D model illustrate geological features of the European Arctic. The possible petrology of the crystalline basement in western and eastern Barents Sea is discussed on the basis of the observed seismic velocity structure. The BARENTS50 model is available at http://www.norsar.no/seismology/barents3d/.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03337.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Ritzmann, O., Maercklin, N., Inge, F.J., Bungum, H., Mooney, W.D., and Detweiler, S.T., 2007, A three-dimensional geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea region: Model construction and basement characterization: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 1, p. 417-435, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03337.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477049,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03337.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 12.872382692554282,\n 78.71895422341294\n ],\n [\n 12.872382692554282,\n 67.30598227239312\n ],\n [\n 61.32497045420811,\n 67.30598227239312\n ],\n [\n 61.32497045420811,\n 78.71895422341294\n ],\n [\n 12.872382692554282,\n 78.71895422341294\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5fde4b0c8380cd470a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritzmann, O.","contributorId":48386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritzmann","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maercklin, N.","contributorId":81302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maercklin","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Inge, Faleide J.","contributorId":58839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inge","given":"Faleide","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bungum, H.","contributorId":94095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bungum","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Detweiler, Shane T. 0000-0001-5699-011X shane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-011X","contributorId":680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detweiler","given":"Shane","email":"shane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033060,"text":"70033060 - 2007 - Use of streamflow data to estimate base flowground-water recharge for Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033060","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of streamflow data to estimate base flowground-water recharge for Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The average annual base flow/recharge was determined for streamflow-gaging stations throughout Wisconsin by base-flow separation. A map of the State was prepared that shows the average annual base flow for the period 1970-99 for watersheds at 118 gaging stations. Trend analysis was performed on 22 of the 118 streamflow-gaging stations that had long-term records, unregulated flow, and provided aerial coverage of the State. The analysis found that a statistically significant increasing trend was occurring for watersheds where the primary land use was agriculture. Most gaging stations where the land cover was forest had no significant trend. A method to estimate the average annual base flow at ungaged sites was developed by multiple-regression analysis using basin characteristics. The equation with the lowest standard error of estimate, 9.5%, has drainage area, soil infiltration and base flow factor as independent variables. To determine the average annual base flow for smaller watersheds, estimates were made at low-flow partial-record stations in 3 of the 12 major river basins in Wisconsin. Regression equations were developed for each of the three major river basins using basin characteristics. Drainage area, soil infiltration, basin storage and base-flow factor were the independent variables in the regression equations with the lowest standard error of estimate. The standard error of estimate ranged from 17% to 52% for the three river basins. ?? 2007 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00018.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W., Radloff, M., Considine, E., and Kennedy, J., 2007, Use of streamflow data to estimate base flowground-water recharge for Wisconsin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 220-236, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00018.x.","startPage":"220","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00018.x"},{"id":240913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf8ce4b08c986b329c10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, W.A.","contributorId":71555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radloff, M.J.","contributorId":33929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radloff","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Considine, E.J.","contributorId":10229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Considine","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, J.L.","contributorId":98120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031025,"text":"70031025 - 2007 - Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T12:52:56","indexId":"70031025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska","docAbstract":"Studies of interseismic strain accumulation are crucial to our understanding of continental deformation, the earthquake cycle and seismic hazard. By mapping small amounts of ground deformation over large spatial areas, InSAR has the potential to produce continental-scale maps of strain accumulation on active faults. However, most InSAR studies to date have focused on areas where the coherence is relatively good (e.g. California, Tibet and Turkey) and most analysis techniques (stacking, small baseline subset algorithm, permanent scatterers, etc.) only include information from pixels which are coherent throughout the time-span of the study. In some areas, such as Alaska, where the deformation rate is small and coherence very variable, it is necessary to include information from pixels which are coherent in some but not all interferograms. We use a three-stage iterative algorithm based on distributed scatterer interferometry. We validate our method using synthetic data created using realistic parameters from a test site on the Denali Fault, Alaska, and present a preliminary result of 10.5 ?? 5.0 mm yr-1 for the slip rate on the Denali Fault based on a single track of radar data from ERS1/2. ?? 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2007 RAS.
","largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Wright, T., Lu, Z., and Parsons, B., 2007, Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 3, p. 1165-1179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.25,\n 62.431074232920906\n ],\n [\n -138.1640625,\n 62.431074232920906\n ],\n [\n -138.1640625,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 62.431074232920906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb4e4b0c8380cd710b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, Juliet","contributorId":99018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"Juliet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, Barry","contributorId":56966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031028,"text":"70031028 - 2007 - A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:04:38","indexId":"70031028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers","docAbstract":"Although depletion of storage in low‐permeability confining layers is the source of much of the groundwater produced from many confined aquifer systems, it is all too frequently overlooked or ignored. This makes effective management of groundwater resources difficult by masking how much water has been derived from storage and, in some cases, the total amount of water that has been extracted from an aquifer system. Analyzing confining layer storage is viewed as troublesome because of the additional computational burden and because the hydraulic properties of confining layers are poorly known. In this paper we propose a simplified method for computing estimates of confining layer depletion, as well as procedures for approximating confining layer hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) using geologic information. The latter makes the technique useful in developing countries and other settings where minimal data are available or when scoping calculations are needed. As such, our approach may be helpful for estimating the global transfer of groundwater to surface water. A test of the method on a synthetic system suggests that the computational errors will generally be small. Larger errors will probably result from inaccuracy in confining layer property estimates, but these may be no greater than errors in more sophisticated analyses. The technique is demonstrated by application to two aquifer systems: the Dakota artesian aquifer system in South Dakota and the coastal plain aquifer system in Virginia. In both cases, depletion from confining layers was substantially larger than depletion from the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005597","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Neuzil, C.E., 2007, A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 7, W07417; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005597.","productDescription":"W07417; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005597","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e460e4b0c8380cd465ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033058,"text":"70033058 - 2007 - Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T13:56:58","indexId":"70033058","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity","docAbstract":"Declines in many native fish populations have led to reassessments of management goals and shifted priorities from consumptive uses to species preservation. As management has shifted, relevant environmental characteristics have evolved from traditional metrics that described local habitat quality to characterizations of habitat size and connectivity. Despite the implications this shift has for how habitats may be prioritized for conservation, it has been rare to assess the relative importance of these habitat components. We used an information-theoretic approach to select the best models from sets of logistic regressions that linked habitat quality, size, and connectivity to the occurrence of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) nests. Spawning distributions were censused annually from 1995 to 2004, and data were complemented with field measurements that described habitat quality in 43 suitable spawning patches across a stream network that drained 1150 km 2 in central Idaho. Results indicated that the most plausible models were dominated by measures of habitat size and connectivity, whereas habitat quality was of minor importance. Connectivity was the strongest predictor of nest occurrence, but connectivity interacted with habitat size, which became relatively more important when populations were reduced. Comparison of observed nest distributions to null model predictions confirmed that the habitat size association was driven by a biological mechanism when populations were small, but this association may have been an area-related sampling artifact at higher abundances. The implications for habitat management are that the size and connectivity of existing habitat networks should be maintained whenever possible. In situations where habitat restoration is occurring, expansion of existing areas or creation of new habitats in key areas that increase connectivity may be beneficial. Information about habitat size and connectivity also could be used to strategically prioritize areas for improvement of local habitat quality, with areas not meeting minimum thresholds being deemed inappropriate for pursuit of restoration activities. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/05-1949","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., Thurow, R., Rieman, B., and Dunham, J., 2007, Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 352-364, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-1949.","startPage":"352","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1949"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5bce4b0c8380cd4c3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurow, R.F.","contributorId":69357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rieman, B.E.","contributorId":67283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunham, J. 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B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031033,"text":"70031033 - 2007 - Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031033","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England","docAbstract":"Effective management of introduced species requires the early identification of species that pose a significant threat of becoming invasive. To better understand the invasive ecology of species in New England, USA, we compiled a character data set with which to compare non-native species that are known invaders to non-native species that are not currently known to be invasive. In contrast to previous biological trait-based models, we employed a Bayesian hierarchical analysis to identify sets of plant traits associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms (vines, shrubs, and trees). The resulting models identify a suite of 'invasive traits' highlighting the ecology associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms. The most effective predictors of invasiveness that emerged from our model were 'invasive elsewhere', 'fast growth rate', 'native latitudinal range', and 'growth form'. The contrast among growth forms was pronounced. For example, 'wind dispersal' was positively correlated with invasiveness in trees, but negatively correlated in shrubs and vines. The predictive model was able to correctly classify invasive plants 67% of the time (22/33), and non-invasive plants 95% of the time (204/215). A number of potential future invasive species in New England that deserve management consideration were identified. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Herron, P., Martine, C., Latimer, A., and Leicht-Young, S.A., 2007, Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England: Diversity and Distributions, v. 13, no. 5, p. 633-644, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x.","startPage":"633","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477238,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x"},{"id":238709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e24e4b0c8380cd63b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herron, P.M.","contributorId":17040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herron","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martine, C.T.","contributorId":20542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martine","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Latimer, A.M.","contributorId":24167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latimer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leicht-Young, S. A.","contributorId":41648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031034,"text":"70031034 - 2007 - Elements of the iron and manganese cycles in Lake Baikal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031034","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1756,"text":"Geochemistry International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elements of the iron and manganese cycles in Lake Baikal","docAbstract":"Using data obtained in recent years, we considered the external mass balance and characteristics of internal iron and manganese cycles in Lake Baikal (biological uptake, remineralization, sedimentary and diffusive fluxes, accumulation in sediments, time of renewal, etc.). Some previous results and common concepts were critically reevaluated. ?? Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1134/S0016702907090054","issn":"00167029","usgsCitation":"Granina, L., and Callender, E., 2007, Elements of the iron and manganese cycles in Lake Baikal: Geochemistry International, v. 45, no. 9, p. 918-925, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702907090054.","startPage":"918","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0016702907090054"},{"id":238710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08c3e4b0c8380cd51c6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granina, L.Z.","contributorId":91678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granina","given":"L.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031038,"text":"70031038 - 2007 - Integrating laboratory creep compaction data with numerical fault models: A Bayesian framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:24:12.666509","indexId":"70031038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating laboratory creep compaction data with numerical fault models: A Bayesian framework","docAbstract":"[1] We developed a robust Bayesian inversion scheme to plan and analyze laboratory creep compaction experiments. We chose a simple creep law that features the main parameters of interest when trying to identify rate-controlling mechanisms from experimental data. By integrating the chosen creep law or an approximation thereof, one can use all the data, either simultaneously or in overlapping subsets, thus making more complete use of the experiment data and propagating statistical variations in the data through to the final rate constants. Despite the nonlinearity of the problem, with this technique one can retrieve accurate estimates of both the stress exponent and the activation energy, even when the porosity time series data are noisy. Whereas adding observation points and/or experiments reduces the uncertainty on all parameters, enlarging the range of temperature or effective stress significantly reduces the covariance between stress exponent and activation energy. We apply this methodology to hydrothermal creep compaction data on quartz to obtain a quantitative, semiempirical law for fault zone compaction in the interseismic period. Incorporating this law into a simple direct rupture model, we find marginal distributions of the time to failure that are robust with respect to errors in the initial fault zone porosity.
Flexible time budgets allow individual animals to buffer the effects of variable food availability by allocating more time to foraging when food density decreases. This trait should be especially important for marine predators that forage on patchy and ephemeral food resources. We examined flexible time allocation by a long-lived marine predator, the Common Murre (Uria aalge), using data collected in a five-year study at three colonies in Alaska (USA) with contrasting environmental conditions. Annual hydroacoustic surveys revealed an order-of-magnitude variation in food density among the 15 colony-years of study. We used data on parental time budgets and local prey density to test predictions from two hypotheses: Hypothesis A, the colony attendance of seabirds varies nonlinearly with food density; and Hypothesis B, flexible time allocation of parent murres buffers chicks against variable food availability. Hypothesis A was supported; colony attendance by murres was positively correlated with food over a limited range of poor-to-moderate food densities, but independent of food over a broader range of higher densities. This is the first empirical evidence for a nonlinear response of a marine predator's time budget to changes in prey density. Predictions from Hypothesis B were largely supported: (1) chick-feeding rates were fairly constant over a wide range of densities and only dropped below 3.5 meals per day at the low end of prey density, and (2) there was a nonlinear relationship between chick-feeding rates and time spent at the colony, with chick-feeding rates only declining after time at the colony by the nonbrooding parent was reduced to a minimum. The ability of parents to adjust their foraging time by more than 2 h/d explains why they were able to maintain chick-feeding rates of more than 3.5 meals/d across a 10-fold range in local food density. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/06-1695.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Harding, A., Piatt, J.F., Schmutz, J.A., Shultz, M., van Pelt, T.I., Kettle, A.B., and Speckman, S., 2007, Prey density and the behavioral flexibility of a marine predator: The common murre (Uria aalge): Ecology, v. 88, no. 8, p. 2024-2033, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1695.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1695.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b7ce4b0c8380cd7e275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harding, A.M.A.","contributorId":29088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shultz, M.T.","contributorId":62006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}