A spatial survey of the chemical and isotopic composition of fluids from the Long Valley hydrothermal system was conducted. Starting at the presumed hydrothermal upwelling zone in the west moat of the caldera, samples were collected from the Casa Diablo geothermal field and a series of monitoring wells defining a nearly linear, ~14 km long, west-to-east trend along the proposed fluid flow path (Sorey et al., 1991). Samples were analyzed for the isotopes of water, Sr, Ca, and noble gases, the concentrations of major cations and anions and total CO2. Our data confirm earlier models in which the variations in water isotopes along the flow path reflect mixing of a single hydrothermal fluid with local groundwater. Variations in Sr data are poorly constrained and reflect fluid mixing, multiple fluid-pathways or water-rock exchange along the flow path as suggested by Goff et al., (1991). Correlated variations among total CO2, noble gases and the concentration and isotopic composition of Ca suggest progressive fluid degassing (loss of CO2, noble gases) driving calcite precipitation as the fluid flows west-to-east across the caldera. This is the first evidence that Ca isotopes may trace and provide definitive evidence of calcite precipitation along fluid flow paths in geothermal systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Brown, S.T., Kennedy, B.M., DePaolo, D., and Evans, W.C., 2008, Isotopic constraints on the chemical evolution of geothermal fluids, Long Valley, CA: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 32, p. 269-272.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1028332","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.73336791992188,\n 37.550565778705916\n ],\n [\n -118.69903564453124,\n 37.55111016010861\n ],\n [\n -118.70040893554689,\n 37.63870369898346\n ],\n [\n -118.71757507324219,\n 37.637616213035884\n ],\n [\n -118.71963500976562,\n 37.722392304715825\n ],\n [\n -118.82606506347656,\n 37.72456477660484\n ],\n [\n -118.82606506347656,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -118.84529113769531,\n 37.64849035620595\n ],\n [\n -118.84529113769531,\n 37.6327223292973\n ],\n [\n -118.82743835449219,\n 37.6343536596899\n ],\n [\n -118.82743835449219,\n 37.62402129571883\n ],\n [\n -118.82743835449219,\n 37.60879203604432\n ],\n [\n -118.80958557128908,\n 37.60824807622547\n ],\n [\n -118.80821228027342,\n 37.59410372462643\n ],\n [\n -118.7903594970703,\n 37.59192743186128\n ],\n [\n -118.78898620605467,\n 37.579956684077274\n ],\n [\n -118.77113342285156,\n 37.57777997765864\n ],\n [\n -118.7738800048828,\n 37.56362983491151\n ],\n [\n -118.751220703125,\n 37.56362983491151\n ],\n [\n -118.73611450195312,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -118.73336791992188,\n 37.550565778705916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Shaun T.","contributorId":68647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Shaun","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, B. Mack","contributorId":82758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DePaolo, Donald J.","contributorId":69472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaolo","given":"Donald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70237334,"text":"70237334 - 2008 - Establishing major permeability controls in the Mak-Ban geothermal field, Philippines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T16:55:26.286543","indexId":"70237334","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T11:36:40","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing major permeability controls in the Mak-Ban geothermal field, Philippines","docAbstract":"Recent updating of the conceptual model of the Mak-Ban (Bulalo) geothermal field verified both structural and stratigraphic controls on permeability and connectivity in the reservoir. Two silicic units within the predominantly andesitic production zone were identified from borehole logs, core and drill cuttings. Whole rock chemical data and petrographic analysis confirmed two rhyolite units that consist of partially welded ash-flow tuffs and lava with primary devitrification and vapor-phase alteration textures typical of subaerial rhyolites. U/Pb dating of zircons from the units showed two distinct episodes of silicic volcanism at 352 ± 16 ka and 501 ± 12 ka, respectively. A recent drilling campaign allowed the running of more gamma ray (GR) in tandem with PTS logs. The logs validated the presence of two units with high GR response generally coinciding with permeable zones just below the interpreted top of the reservoir.
Naphthalene disulfonate tracer testing defined a predominantly fault-controlled flow path of fluids from the edges of the field into the central production area. Fifteen to 25% of injected tracers were recovered in production wells over a five-year monitoring period. Peak arrival of tracer returns indicated average speeds between 0.1 to 1.3 m/hr, allowing for sufficient time for the fluids to heat up prior to re-emergence in production wells. Although faults are known to be important pathways in most geothermal reservoirs, the identification of specific structures with high connectivities in Mak-Ban provide an important insight on fluid migration from peripheral areas. This information is critical in preparing a reservoir management strategy for addressing the entry of cool marginal recharge into the center of the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Vicedo, R.O., Stimac, J., Capuno, V.T., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2008, Establishing major permeability controls in the Mak-Ban geothermal field, Philippines: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 32, p. 309-314.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408092,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1028339","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Philippines","otherGeospatial":"Mak-Ban geothermal field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 121.31103515625,\n 13.531189770768197\n ],\n [\n 121.87957763671874,\n 14.195163013871356\n ],\n [\n 121.607666015625,\n 14.554342515628857\n ],\n [\n 121.00067138671875,\n 14.131248778377424\n ],\n [\n 120.76995849609374,\n 13.91807207081174\n ],\n [\n 120.76995849609374,\n 13.643317748386771\n ],\n [\n 121.1517333984375,\n 13.491131239570988\n ],\n [\n 121.31103515625,\n 13.531189770768197\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vicedo, Ronald O.","contributorId":297443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vicedo","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stimac, James","contributorId":206029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stimac","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37223,"text":"Stimac Geothermal Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capuno, Vilma T.","contributorId":297444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capuno","given":"Vilma","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204743,"text":"70204743 - 2008 - Coastal Louisiana ecosystem assessment and restoration program: The role of ecosystem forecasting in evaluating restoration planning in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T10:44:35","indexId":"70204743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T10:30:07","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coastal Louisiana ecosystem assessment and restoration program: The role of ecosystem forecasting in evaluating restoration planning in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain","docAbstract":"The development of ecosystem management plans to restore and rehabilitate natural resources requires an understanding of how specific ecological mechanisms regulate the structure and function of ecosystems. To achieve restoration goals, comprehensive plans and engineering designs must effectively change environmental drivers at the regional
level to reduce stress conditions at the local environment that are responsible for ecosystem degradation. This document focuses on the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Assessment and Restoration (CLEAR) ecosystem forecasting framework and how it can be used to support the analysis of Louisiana’s coastal restoration plans. Specifically, the framework is designed to (1) develop and incorporate conceptual ecological models that can be used to integrate ecological needs and opportunities with engineering designs, (2) utilize wetland loss rates to describe the most likely “future without” scenario for a variety of ecosystem attributes, (3) estimate broad ecosystem responses to restoration alternatives based on processes associated with succession of geomorphic and ecological systems, and (4) calculate ecological benefits for incorporation into decision support tools associated with large-scale geomorphic and hydrologic processes. This paper provides a brief overview of the spatial framework and modular design of the CLEAR ecosystem forecasting framework and describes in greater detail the evolution of the landscape change module, concepts for its refinement, and how it was utilized in evaluating a coastal restoration alternative proposed in the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority Preliminary Draft Master Plan. Such projections by the CLEAR forecasting framework can evaluate processes and conditions that result in sustainable coastal ecosystems with habitat functions that support higher trophic levels.
A key issue faced in dam removal is the rate and timing of remobilization and discharge of stored reservoir sediments following the removal. Different removal strategies can result in different trajectories of upstream sediment transport and knickpoint migration. We examine this issue of for the Marmot Dam removal in Sandy River, Oregon, USA using both physical experiments and field studies accompanying removal of the dam in October 2007. The physical experiment was designed to provide insights on how and if the position of a cofferdam notch will affect how reservoir sediments are remobilized, with the goal of minimizing the volume of sediment stranded in terraces. Data and observations indicate that at lower failure discharges, notch position impacts the location of cofferdam failure as well as the location of the first major knickpoint and its trajectory. In particular, notch positions that force the river to migrate laterally in order to adjust to natural valley orientation and morphology were most effective in removing larger volumes of sediment and reducing terrace heights. Actual cofferdam notching to maximize erosion produced extremely rapid and significant erosion of reservoir sediments. Comparison of model results with field observations suggests that the physical experiments provided solid predictions of rates of erosion and overall knickpoint trajectory.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Grant, G.E., Marr, J.D., Hill, C., Johnson, S., Campbell, K., Mohseni, O., Wallick, J., Lewis, S., O’connor, E.A., and Major, J.J., 2008, Experimental and field observations of breach dynamics accompanying erosion of Marmot Cofferdam, Sandy River, Oregon, v. 2008, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, G. E.","contributorId":247843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":808465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marr, Jeffrey D. G.","contributorId":80791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marr","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D. G.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, C.","contributorId":88801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, S.","contributorId":215645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mohseni, O.","contributorId":247846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohseni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wallick, J.R.","contributorId":247847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallick","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":808475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lewis, S.L.","contributorId":7932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’connor, E. A.","contributorId":88160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’connor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70194261,"text":"70194261 - 2008 - A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:20:16","indexId":"70194261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional numerical model that simulates the effects of whitecapping waves was used to investigate the importance of whitecapping waves to vertical mixing at a 3-meter-deep site in Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta over an 11-day period. Locally-generated waves of mean period approximately 2 s were generated under strong wind conditions; significant wave heights ranged from 0 to 0.3 m. A surface turbulent kinetic energy flux was used to model whitecapping waves during periods when wind speeds > 5 m s-1 (62% of observations). The surface was modeled as a wind stress log-layer for the remaining 38% of the observations. The model results demonstrated that under moderate wind conditions (5–8 m s-1 at 10 m above water level), and hence moderate wave heights, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy to only the top 10% of the water column. Under stronger wind (> 8 m s-1), and hence larger wave conditions, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over a larger portion of the water column; however, this region extended to the bottom half of the water column for only 7% of the observation period. The model results indicated that phytoplankton concentrations close to the bed were unlikely to be affected by the whitecapping of waves, and that the formation of concentration boundary layers due to benthic grazing was unlikely to be disrupted by whitecapping waves. Furthermore, vertical mixing of suspended sediment was unlikely to be affected by whitecapping waves under the conditions experienced during the 11-day experiment. Instead, the bed stress provided by tidal currents was the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over the bottom half of the water column for the majority of the 11-day period.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J.K., Jones, N.L., and Monismith, S.G., 2008, A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-002562","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sk8z936"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -121.26846313476561,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -121.26846313476561,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.82822612280363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f69e4b06e28e9c257ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Nicole L.","contributorId":200624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":200625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70190784,"text":"70190784 - 2008 - Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T13:06:46","indexId":"70190784","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","docAbstract":"The October 11, 1918 ML 7.5 earthquake in the Mona Passage between Hispaniola \nand Puerto Rico generated a local tsunami that claimed approximately 100 lives \nalong the western coast of Puerto Rico. The area affected by this tsunami is \nnow significantly more populated. Newly acquired high-resolution bathymetry \nand seismic reflection lines in the Mona Passage show a fresh submarine landslide \n15 km northwest of Rinćon in northwestern Puerto Rico and in the vicinity of \nthe first published earthquake epicenter. The landslide area is approximately \n76 km2 and probably displaced a total volume of 10 km3. The landslide's headscarp \nis at a water depth of 1200 m, with the debris flow extending to a water depth \nof 4200 m.\n\nSubmarine telegraph cables were reported cut by a landslide in this area \nfollowing the earthquake, further suggesting that the landslide was the result \nof the October 11, 1918 earthquake. On the other hand, the location of the \npreviously suggested source of the 1918 tsunami, a normal fault along the east \nwall of Mona Rift, does not show recent seafloor rupture. Using the extended, \nweakly non-linear hydrodynamic equations implemented in the program COULWAVE, \nwe modeled the tsunami as generated by a landslide with a duration of 325 s \n(corresponding to an average speed of ~ 27 m/s) and with the observed dimensions \nand location. Calculated marigrams show a leading depression wave followed by a \nmaximum positive amplitude in agreement with the reported polarity, relative \namplitudes, and arrival times.\n\nOur results suggest this newly-identified landslide, which was likely triggered \nby the 1918 earthquake, was the primary cause of the October 11, 1918 tsunami \nand not the earthquake itself. Results from this study should be useful to help \ndiscern poorly constrained tsunami sources in other case studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001","usgsCitation":"López-Venegas, A., ten Brink, U., and Geist, E.L., 2008, Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling: Marine Geology, v. 254, no. 1-2, p. 35-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-005797","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2422","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Mona Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 15.771109173575294\n ],\n [\n -64.84130859375,\n 15.771109173575294\n ],\n [\n -64.84130859375,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 15.771109173575294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"254","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb952ee4b091459a578187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Venegas, A.M.","contributorId":196459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"López-Venegas","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190783,"text":"70190783 - 2008 - Site selection for DOE/JIP gas hydrate drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-28T14:04:37.240785","indexId":"70190783","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Site selection for DOE/JIP gas hydrate drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"In the late spring of 2008, the Chevron-led Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project (JIP) expects to conduct an exploratory drilling and logging campaign to better understand gas hydrate-bearing sands in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The JIP Site Selection team selected three areas to test alternative geological models and geophysical interpretations supporting the existence of potential high gas hydrate saturations in reservoir-quality sands. The three sites are near existing drill holes which provide geological and geophysical constraints in Alaminos Canyon (AC) lease block 818, Green Canyon (GC) 955, and Walker Ridge (WR) 313. At the AC818 site, gas hydrate is interpreted to occur within the Oligocene Frio volcaniclastic sand at the crest of a fold that is shallow enough to be in the hydrate stability zone. Drilling at GC955 will sample a faulted, buried Pleistocene channel-levee system in an area characterized by seafloor fluid expulsion features, structural closure associated with uplifted salt, and abundant seismic evidence for upward migration of fluids and gas into the sand-rich parts of the sedimentary section. Drilling at WR313 targets ponded sheet sands and associated channel/levee deposits within a minibasin, making this a non-structural play. The potential for gas hydrate occurrence at WR313 is supported by shingled phase reversals consistent with the transition from gas-charged sand to overlying gas-hydrate saturated sand. Drilling locations have been selected at each site to 1) test geological methods and models used to infer the occurrence of gas hydrate in sand reservoirs in different settings in the northern Gulf of Mexico; 2) calibrate geophysical models used to detect gas hydrate sands, map reservoir thicknesses, and estimate the degree of gas hydrate saturation; and 3) delineate potential locations for subsequent JIP drilling and coring operations that will collect samples for comprehensive physical property, geochemical and other analyses
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates","conferenceDate":"July 6-10, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, British Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"University of British Columbia","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, BC Canada","doi":"10.14288/1.0041022","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D., Shelander, D., Dai, J., McConnell, D., Shedd, W., Frye, M., Ruppel, C.D., Boswell, R., Jones, E., Collett, T.S., Rose, K.K., Dugan, B., and Wood, W.T., 2008, Site selection for DOE/JIP gas hydrate drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008), Vancouver, British Columbia, July 6-10, 2008, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0041022.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-005833","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 23.483400654325642\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 23.483400654325642\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 23.483400654325642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb952fe4b091459a57818a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":174836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelander, Dianna","contributorId":40463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelander","given":"Dianna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dai, J.","contributorId":21781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McConnell, D.","contributorId":47166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shedd, William","contributorId":13851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frye, Matthew","contributorId":48428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":178206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Emrys","contributorId":196460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Emrys","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rose, Kelly K.","contributorId":82452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dugan, Brandon","contributorId":10213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wood, Warren T.","contributorId":147725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16915,"text":"Marine Geosciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70195812,"text":"70195812 - 2008 - Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T13:52:08","indexId":"70195812","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Recent geologic mapping at a scale of 1:24,000 has enabled a qualitative correlation of the occurrence of springs and sinkholes with bedrock structures and ground-water conditions in the northern Great Valley of Virginia and West Virginia. Sinkholes tend to be concentrated in zones of faulting, local minor folding, and clustered within susceptible bedrock units at the noses and axes of large plunging folds. Alignment of sinkholes mainly occurs along strike of bedding. Enhanced rock solution and conduit formation correlates with carbonate units of greater limestone purity and finer grain size, suggesting some lithologic control on karst formation. In addition, there is an apparent topographic correlation, with sinkholes usually formed in elevated and flat (<5 degrees slope) areas, as well as frequent sinkhole occurrence proximal to entrenched surface streams. Density of sinkhole occurrence tends to increase in areas where water-table fluctuations are large. Large perennial springs occur along faults, and may lie above base level streams indicating upward flow gradients particularly where cross-strike faults and joints intersect bedding planes and strike-parallel faults. Sinkhole formation also frequently occurs in areas proximal to entrenched surface streams, reflecting subsequent vadose-zone modification and excavation of sediment-filled conduits where downward ground-water flow gradients are most steep. Geologic evidence indicates that deep karst development may have taken place by rising fluids under confined (hypogenic) conditions in the distant geologic past in this region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"11th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst","conferenceDate":"September 22-26, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784410035","usgsCitation":"Doctor, D.H., Weary, D.J., Orndorff, R.C., Harlow, G., Kozar, M.D., and Nelms, D.L., 2008, Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia, in Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, Tallahassee, FL, September 22-26, 2008, p. 12-22, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784410035.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-007092","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Great Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff72e3e4b0da30c1bfe589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184371,"text":"70184371 - 2008 - Controls on late Quaternary coral reefs of the Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:47:04","indexId":"70184371","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Controls on late Quaternary coral reefs of the Florida Keys","docAbstract":"The Florida Keys is an arcuate, densely populated, westward-trending island chain at the south end of a karstic peninsular Florida Platform (Enos and Perkins 1977; Shinn et al. 1996; Kindinger el al. 1999, 2000). The \"keys: mark the southernmost segment of the Atlantic continental margin of the United States. The islands are bordered by Florida Bay to the north and west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and southeast , Gulf of Mexico to the west, and the Straits of Florida to the south. Prevailing southeasterly trade winds impinge on the keys, creating a windward margin. The largest coral reef ecosystem in the continental United States rims this margin at a distance of ~5-7km seaward of the keys and occupies a shallow (generally <12m), uneven, westward-sloping shelf (Parker and Cooke 1944; Parker et al. 1955; Enos and Perkins 1977). This platform is tectonically stable at present (Davis et al. 1992; Ludwig et al. 1996; Toscano and Lundberg 1999). The reefs and 240-km-long island chain parallel the submerged shelf margin, corresponding roughly to the 30-m depth contour that marks the base of a fossil shelf-edge reef (studies cited use the same criterion). The modern reef tract extends west-southwest from Soldier Key southeast of Miami (25°60′N, 80°20′W) to the Dry Tortugas in the Gulf of Mexico (24°40′N, 83°10′W). Reef-tract habitats lie within the protective domain of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (Fig. 2.1.a-c; Multer 1996).
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This paper investigates the radial basis function multiquadric method of interpolation to obtain a continuous freshwater surface across the entire Everglades using radio-transmitted data from a network of water-level gages managed by the US Geological Survey (USGS), the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), and the Everglades National Park (ENP). Since the hydrological connection is interrupted by canals and levees across the study area, boundary conditions were simulated by linearly interpolating along those features and integrating the results together with the data from marsh stations to obtain a continuous water surface through multiquadric interpolation. The absolute cross-validation errors greater than 5 cm correlate well with the local outliers and the minimum distance between the closest stations within 2000-m radius, but seem to be independent of vegetation or season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2007.08.004","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu, M., and Pearlstine, L., 2008, Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 7, p. 815-826, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.08.004.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"826","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.034912109375,\n 26.657277674217585\n ],\n [\n -82.232666015625,\n 26.686729520004036\n ],\n [\n -82.232666015625,\n 26.61799672211676\n ],\n [\n -82.188720703125,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 26.382027976025352\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 26.31311263768267\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -81.771240234375,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 25.809781975840405\n ],\n [\n -81.62841796875,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 25.780107118422244\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 25.631621577258493\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 25.473033261279515\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 25.29437116258816\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 25.15522939494057\n ],\n [\n -81.112060546875,\n 25.075648445630527\n ],\n [\n -80.83740234375,\n 25.105497373014686\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -80.31005859375,\n 25.18505888358067\n ],\n [\n -80.233154296875,\n 25.27450351782018\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -80.123291015625,\n 25.760319754713887\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 25.86910939099931\n ],\n [\n -80.09033203125,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 26.13571361317392\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 26.303264239389534\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 26.49024045886963\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 26.657277674217585\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 26.892679095908164\n ],\n [\n -80.123291015625,\n 26.912273826625587\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 26.912273826625587\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n 26.853479438420024\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 26.755420897359123\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 26.696545111585152\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 26.735799020431674\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 26.686729520004036\n ],\n [\n -82.034912109375,\n 26.657277674217585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ce4b014cc3a3d34a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palaseanu, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":91028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu","given":"Monica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearlstine, Leonard","contributorId":79174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184309,"text":"70184309 - 2008 - Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T10:55:02","indexId":"70184309","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2426,"text":"Journal of Physical Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf","docAbstract":"Onshore volume transport (Stokes drift) due to surface gravity waves propagating toward the beach can result in a compensating Eulerian offshore flow in the surf zone referred to as undertow. Observed offshore flows indicate that wave-driven undertow extends well offshore of the surf zone, over the inner shelves of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. Theoretical estimates of the wave-driven offshore transport from linear wave theory and observed wave characteristics account for 50% or more of the observed offshore transport variance in water depths between 5 and 12 m, and reproduce the observed dependence on wave height and water depth.
During weak winds, wave-driven cross-shelf velocity profiles over the inner shelf have maximum offshore flow (1–6 cm s−1) and vertical shear near the surface and weak flow and shear in the lower half of the water column. The observed offshore flow profiles do not resemble the parabolic profiles with maximum flow at middepth observed within the surf zone. Instead, the vertical structure is similar to the Stokes drift velocity profile but with the opposite direction. This vertical structure is consistent with a dynamical balance between the Coriolis force associated with the offshore flow and an along-shelf “Hasselmann wave stress” due to the influence of the earth’s rotation on surface gravity waves. The close agreement between the observed and modeled profiles provides compelling evidence for the importance of the Hasselmann wave stress in forcing oceanic flows. Summer profiles are more vertically sheared than either winter profiles or model profiles, for reasons that remain unclear.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2008JPO3986.1","usgsCitation":"Lentz, S.J., Fewings, M., Howd, P., Fredericks, J., and Hathaway, K., 2008, Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 38, p. 2341-2357, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3986.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"2357","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3986.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Martha's Vineyard","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lentz, Steven J.","contributorId":41687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lentz","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fewings, Melanie","contributorId":187567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fewings","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howd, Peter","contributorId":47310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fredericks, Janet","contributorId":187568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hathaway, Kent","contributorId":187569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189929,"text":"70189929 - 2008 - Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-01T16:06:06","indexId":"70189929","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":736,"text":"American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","docAbstract":"A monthly snow accumulation and melt model was used with monthly Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) for 1900 through 2008 in the western United States. Averaged across the western United States, SWE generally was higher than long-term (1900–2008) average conditions during the periods 1900–25, 1944–55, and 1966–82; SWE was lower than long-term average conditions during the periods 1926–43, 1957–65, and 1984–2008. During the period 1900–2008, the temporal pattern in winter precipitation exhibited wetter-than-average and drier-than-average decadal-scale periods with no long-term increasing or decreasing trend. Winter temperature generally was below average from 1900 to the mid-1950s, close to average from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, and above average from the mid-1980s to 2008. In general, periods of higher-than-average SWE have been associated with higher precipitation and lower temperature. Since about 1980, western U.S. winter temperatures have been consistently higher than long-term average values, and the resultant lower-than-average SWE values have been only partially offset by periods of higher-than-average precipitation. The post-1980 lower-than-average SWE conditions in the western United States are unprecedented within the context of twentieth-century climate and estimated SWE.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2009EI283.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2008, Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability: American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 13, 13-012; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009EI283.1.","productDescription":" 13-012; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-010684","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2009ei283.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.9580078125,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -101.8212890625,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -101.8212890625,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -126.9580078125,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -126.9580078125,\n 28.34306490482549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819318e4b0e2f5d463b7bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184378,"text":"70184378 - 2008 - Holocene climate and climate variability of the northern Gulf of Mexico and adjacent northern Gulf Coast: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T11:40:45","indexId":"70184378","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5310,"text":"The Open Paleontology Journal ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene climate and climate variability of the northern Gulf of Mexico and adjacent northern Gulf Coast: A review","docAbstract":"Marine records from the northern Gulf of Mexico indicate that significant multidecadal- and century-scale variability was common during the Holocene. 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Information on Holocene floods, droughts, and storm frequency along the northern Gulf Coast is limited. Records of floods may be preserved in continental shelf sediments, but establishing continuity and chronologies for sedimentary sequences on the shelf presents challenges due to sediment remobilization and redeposition during storms. Studies of past storm deposits in coastal lakes and marshes show promise for constructing records of past storm frequency. A recent summary of sea-level history of the northern Gulf Coast indicates sea level was higher than modern sea level several times during the last few thousand years.
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models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T10:18:25","indexId":"70184306","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The dynamics of coastal models","docAbstract":"Coastal basins are defined as estuaries, lagoons, and embayments. This book deals with the science of coastal basins using simple models, many of which are presented in either analytical form or Microsoft Excel or MATLAB. The book introduces simple hydrodynamics and its applications, from the use of simple box and one-dimensional models to flow over coral reefs. The book also emphasizes models as a scientific tool in our understanding of coasts, and introduces the value of the most modern flexible mesh combined wave-current models. Examples from shallow basins around the world illustrate the wonders of the scientific method and the power of simple dynamics. This book is ideal for use as an advanced textbook for graduate students and as an introduction to the topic for researchers, especially those from other fields of science needing a basic understanding of the basic ideas of the dynamics of coastal basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","usgsCitation":"Hearn, C.J., 2008, The dynamics of coastal models, 512 p.","productDescription":"512 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521807401"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Clifford J.","contributorId":187563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97176,"text":"ofr20081368 - 2008 - Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081368","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1368","title":"Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007","docAbstract":"In April 2007, the USGS collected direct-current (DC) electrical resistivity data and shear- (S) and compressional- (P) wave seismic data to provide new detail of previously mapped, overlapping fault splays at two administrative areas in the Nevada Test Site (NTS). In NTS Area 7, we collected two-dimensional DC resistivity data along a transect crossing the Yucca Fault parallel to, and between, two transects along which resistivity data were collected in a previous study in 2006. In addition, we collected three-dimensional DC resistivity data in a grid that overlies part of the 2007 transect. The DC resistivity data show that the fault has a footwall that is more conductive than the hanging wall and an along-strike progression of the fault in a location where overlapping splays are present. Co-located with the northernmost of the two 2006 DC resistivity transects, we acquired S- and P-wave seismic data for both reflection and refraction processing. The S-wave data are corrupted by large amounts of converted (P-wave) energy likely due to the abundance of fractured caliche in the shallow subsurface. The P-wave data show minimal reflected energy, but they show clear refracted first arrivals. We have inverted these first arrival times to determine P-wave seismic velocity models. The seismic model for the transect in Area 7 shows low velocities extending to the base of the model at the location of the Yucca Fault, as well as low velocities at the eastern end of the transect, in the vicinity of the adjacent crater. These new surveys provide further detail about the geometry of the Yucca Fault in this location where it shows two overlapping splays.\r\n\r\nWe collected P- and S-wave seismic data along a transect in the southern part of NTS Area 2, corresponding with the location of a 2006 DC resistivity transect that targeted a set of small faults identified with field mapping. Again, the S-wave data are difficult to interpret. The P-wave data show clear first arrivals that we inverted, yielding a velocity model that shows lateral heterogeneity similar to the 2006 DC resistivity models. Finally, we collected P-wave data along a second transect in Area 2, located north of the first line and in an area of a very minor fault that was targeted by another 2006 DC resistivity survey. The P-wave refraction velocity model shows generally high velocities, with a zone of somewhat lower velocities in the central part of the transect. The position of the low velocity zone corresponds with the location of a minor fault, though it is unclear whether the two are related.\r\n\r\nTogether, these results demonstrate the value of geophysical data for mapping the subsurface extent of faults. The 2007 DC resistivity data complement the 2006 data and provide important new detail of the overlapping fault splays. The seismic data demonstrate the ability of P-wave refraction methods to identify the damage zones at faults, and they show the difficulties associated with S-wave methods in areas with caliche. Combining all of the geophysical data from the Area 7 studies, we are able to develop a coherent interpretation of the relation between the site geology, the fault, and the observations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081368","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Burton, B., Sweetkind, D., and Asch, T., 2008, Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1368, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081368.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-04-01","temporalEnd":"2007-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1368/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.08333333333333,37.0675 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37.134166666666665 ], [ -116.03333333333333,37.134166666666665 ], [ -116.03333333333333,37.0675 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37.0675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97172,"text":"sir20085054 - 2008 - Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20085054","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5054","title":"Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","docAbstract":"As part of a collaborative study of the cumulative impacts on stream and riparian ecology of water and channel management practices in the lower Platte River, Nebraska, this report describes a study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District that summarizes: (1) temporal differences in distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitats among five discrete 11-water-year periods 1934-44, 1951-61, 1966-76, 1985-95, and 1996-2006, and (2) the effects of bridge proximity on distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitat of the Platte River when cross sections were measured at a similar discharge. The scope of the study included the four presently (2008) active streamflow-gaging stations located near bridges over the lower Platte River at North Bend, near Leshara, near Ashland, and at Louisville, Nebraska, and the most downstream streamflow-gaging station within the central Platte River segment near Duncan, Nebraska.\r\n\r\nGenerally, in cases where temporal differences in streamflow depth and velocity were evident, at least one of the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had deeper streamflow than the recent water-year period (1996-2006). Temporal differences in distributions of streamflow depth were not strongly associated with differences in either climatic conditions or the maximum peak flow that occurred prior to the latest discharge measurement during each period. The relative cross-sectional area of most hydraulic niches did not differ among the water-year periods. Part of this apparent uniformity likely was an artifact of the broad microhabitat classification used for this study. In cases where temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area of hydraulic niches were evidenced, the differences occurred during high- and low-flow conditions, not during median flow conditions. The temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area were found more frequently for hydraulic niches defined by moderate and fast velocities than for hydraulic niches defined by slow velocities. Generally, any significant increase or decrease in the relative cross-sectional areas of hydraulic niches during the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had disappeared during the most recent water-year period, 1996-2006.\r\n\r\nDeep-Swift niche was the predominant hydraulic niche for all near-bridge sites on the lower Platte River for high- and median-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift niche also was the predominant niche for the near-bridge sites near Ashland and at Louisville for low-flow conditions; for the near-bridge sites at North Bend and near Leshara, streamflow cross-sectional areas during low-flow conditions were shared among the Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, Intermediate-Swift, and Deep-Swift hydraulic niches. For the near-bridge site near Duncan, the site farthest downstream in the central Platte River system, the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche was predominant only during high-flow conditions; during median- and low-flow conditions the relative cross-sectional area was shared among the Shallow-Slow, Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, and Intermediate-Swift hydraulic niches.\r\n\r\nSignificant temporal differences in the relative cross-sectional area of the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche were found for sites near the two farthest downstream bridges near Ashland and at Louisville, but only for low-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift microhabitat was of special interest because it is the preferred hydraulic habitat during the adult life of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Temporal differences in relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide low-flow geomorphic microhabitat that contained the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche also indicated that relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide during the 1951-61 and 1996-2006 water-year periods were lower than during the 1966-76 period. The temporal differences indicated that any significant temporal chang","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Ginting, D., and Zelt, R.B., 2008, Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5054, Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085054.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1934-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5054.jpg"},{"id":12157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginting, Daniel","contributorId":77257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginting","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97164,"text":"sir20085150 - 2008 - Evaluation of four structural best management practices for highway runoff in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, 2005–2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T21:47:13.175524","indexId":"sir20085150","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5150","title":"Evaluation of four structural best management practices for highway runoff in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, 2005–2006","docAbstract":"From 2005 to 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey worked cooperatively with the South Carolina Department of Transportation in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, to assess the performance of four different structural devices that served as best management practices (BMPs). These structural devices were installed to mitigate the effects of stormwater runoff on waterways near State roads. The South Carolina Department of Transportation is required to address the quality of stormwater runoff from State-maintained roadways as part of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System stormwater program mandated in the Clean Water Act.
The performance assessment of the four structural best management practices was based on stormflow measurements and chemical analyses of stormwater-quality samples collected during a 20-month period from March 2005 through October 2006, which represented a range of seasons and rainfall intensities. A total of 49 sample sets that included stormwater from the inlet and outlet of each of the four structural devices were collected as flow-weighted composites to provide event-mean concentrations of suspended sediment, nutrients, and trace metals. In addition, each set included grab samples that were collected to provide the first flush concentrations of oil and grease and fecal-indicator bacteria.
A tiered statistical approach was used in the data analysis. Performances of the four structural BMPs were assessed individually based on how well the BMPs were able to reduce the selected constituents. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank tests were applied to event-mean concentrations and loads in the water entering the inlet and in the water leaving the outlet of each BMP for each constituent to identify if significant reductions occurred. If significant reductions occurred, the BMP was considered efficient at reducing the constituent. To quantify efficiency, a simplistic approach was applied to compute mean and geometric mean efficiency ratios for the significantly reduced constituents in each BMP. Each BMP performance was ranked based on its computed efficiency ratios, however, the computed efficiency ratios were not sufficient to determine if statistical differences occurred among the performances of the four BMPs. Consequently, a more complex approach was used to apply statistical comparison tests to reduction percentages computed for individual storms (a modified removal efficiency of individual storm-load approach) to determine if differences in event-mean concentrations, loads, and reduction percentages for significantly reduced constituents occurred among the four structural BMPs.
Overall, the four BMPs were efficient in reducing suspended-sediment event-mean concentrations and loads in the stormwater entering the inlets of the BMPs to significantly lower event-mean concentrations before discharging the stormwater from the outlets. The cumulative suspended-sediment event-mean load in stormwater entering the BMPs from the storms sampled during the data-collection period was 1,026 kilograms (1.13 tons). The BMPs removed a cumulative suspended-sediment load of 558 kilograms (0.62 ton). The BMPs tended to preferentially trap the sand-size fraction of the sediment, thereby releasing a greater percentage of fine-grained (silt and clay) sediment in the water discharging from the outlet. The preferential trapping of fine-grained sediment by the BMPs could explain, at least in part, why the BMPs were not successful at significantly reducing these constituents.
In general, the four BMPs were not successful at significantly reducing fecal bacteria, nutrients, and total organic carbon (including associated properties of biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand). Three of the four BMPs significantly lowered oil and grease concentrations before the stormwater discharged from the outlet. Additionally, only one BMP was effective at reducing all total and particulate trace-metal event-mean concentrations and particulate trace-metal event-mean loads in stormwater entering the inlet. With respect to trace-metal event-mean concentrations, however, minimal or no improvement in outlet water quality was observed for the four BMPs, and the majority of the outlet concentrations were above the established acute and chronic aquatic-life criteria by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
No statistical differences among the removal-efficiency of the four BMPs were determined for suspended-sediment event-mean concentrations, total suspended solids event-mean concentrations, or oil and grease concentrations. These statistical findings indicated that differences among the mean efficiency ratios were not significant among the BMPs for these properties. Additionally, one BMP generally had statistically greater removal efficiency for total and particulate cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc than one or more of the other three BMPs.
Statistical correlation tests were unable to identify a single major factor that would explain the high variability in inlet and outlet water concentrations and in removal efficiencies estimated by reduction percentage. Highly variable inlet and outlet concentrations for each BMP that produced highly variable reduction percentages were probably the result of multiple interacting factors, particularly rainfall intensity, the amount of rainfall between sampling events, traffic density, and the period of time since the last maintenance (clean out) of the BMP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Conlon, K.J., and Journey, C.A., 2008, Evaluation of four structural best management practices for highway runoff in Beaufort and Colleton Counties, South Carolina, 2005–2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5150, xiv, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085150.","productDescription":"xiv, 122 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96516.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Beaufort County, Colleton County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6417,\n 32.4167\n ],\n [\n -80.6417,\n 32.7811\n ],\n [\n -80.7811,\n 32.7811\n ],\n [\n -80.7811,\n 32.4167\n ],\n [\n -80.6417,\n 32.4167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97144,"text":"ofr20081312 - 2008 - Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T21:02:11.523395","indexId":"ofr20081312","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1312","title":"Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979","docAbstract":"Central San Francisco Bay is the hub of a dynamic estuarine system connecting the San Joaquin and Sacramento River Deltas, Suisun Bay, and San Pablo Bay to the Pacific Ocean and South San Francisco Bay. To understand the role that Central San Francisco Bay plays in sediment transport throughout the system, it is necessary to first determine historical changes in patterns of sediment deposition and erosion from both natural and anthropogenic forces.
The first extensive hydrographic survey of Central San Francisco Bay was conducted in 1853 by the National Ocean Service (NOS) (formerly the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS)). From 1894 to 1979, four additional surveys, composed of a total of approximately 700,000 bathymetric soundings, were collected within Central San Francisco Bay. Converting these soundings into accurate bathymetric models involved many steps. The soundings were either hand digitized directly from the original USCGS and NOS hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) or obtained digitally from the National Geophysical Data Center's (NGDC) Geophysical Data System (GEODAS) (National Geophysical Data Center, 1996). Soundings were supplemented with contours that were either taken directly from the H-sheets or added in by hand. Shorelines and marsh areas were obtained from topographic sheets. The digitized soundings, depth contours, shorelines, and marsh areas were entered into a geographic information system (GIS) and georeferenced to a common horizontal datum. Using surface modeling software, bathymetric grids with a horizontal resolution of 25 m were developed for each of the five hydrographic surveys. Before analyses of sediment deposition and erosion were conducted, interpolation bias was removed and all of the grids were converted to a common vertical datum. These bathymetric grids were then used to develop bathymetric change maps for subsequent survey periods and to determine long-term changes in deposition and erosion by calculating volumes and rates of net sediment change.
Central San Francisco Bay experienced periods of both deposition and erosion, but overall experienced a net gain in sediment from 1855 to 1979 of approximately 42x106 m3 (0.33x106 m3 / yr). Over this same time period, 92 percent of the tidal marsh and 69 percent of the intertidal mudflats were lost as human activity increased and the shorefront was developed. During the first time period, from 1855 to 1895, Central San Francisco Bay was erosional, losing roughly 2x106 m3 / yr of sediment. The next time period was depositional, with a net gain of approximately 3x106 m3 / yr of sediment from 1895 to 1947. The last time period, from 1947 to 1979, was erosional again, losing roughly 2x106 m3 / yr of sediment. Sedimentation patterns also varied spatially. The northern part of Central San Francisco Bay was depositional during all change periods while the eastern region alternated between erosional and depositional.
Central San Francisco Bay sedimentation patterns have also been strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as dredging and dredge disposal, borrow pits, and sand mining. For example, bathymetric change at a borrow pit created near Bay Farm Island sometime between the 1947 and 1979 surveys indicates roughly 25x106 m3 of sediment was removed from the system
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081312","usgsCitation":"Fregoso, T.A., Foxgrover, A., and Jaffe, B.E., 2008, Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1312, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081312.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081312.PNG"},{"id":316660,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1312/of2008-1312.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12129,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403237,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85394.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.59368896484374,\n 37.69903420794415\n ],\n [\n -122.18719482421874,\n 37.69903420794415\n ],\n [\n -122.18719482421874,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -122.59368896484374,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -122.59368896484374,\n 37.69903420794415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fregoso, Theresa A.","contributorId":67181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C.","contributorId":45775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97146,"text":"ofr20081296 - 2008 - A Review of Methods Applied by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Assessment of Identified Geothermal Resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20081296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1296","title":"A Review of Methods Applied by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Assessment of Identified Geothermal Resources","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an updated assessment of geothermal resources in the United States. The primary method applied in assessments of identified geothermal systems by the USGS and other organizations is the volume method, in which the recoverable heat is estimated from the thermal energy available in a reservoir. An important focus in the assessment project is on the development of geothermal resource models consistent with the production histories and observed characteristics of exploited geothermal fields. The new assessment will incorporate some changes in the models for temperature and depth ranges for electric power production, preferred chemical geothermometers for estimates of reservoir temperatures, estimates of reservoir volumes, and geothermal energy recovery factors. Monte Carlo simulations are used to characterize uncertainties in the estimates of electric power generation. These new models for the recovery of heat from heterogeneous, fractured reservoirs provide a physically realistic basis for evaluating the production potential of natural geothermal reservoirs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081296","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.F., Reed, M.J., and Mariner, R.H., 2008, A Review of Methods Applied by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Assessment of Identified Geothermal Resources (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1296, iii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081296.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081296.jpg"},{"id":12131,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1296/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4967e4b0b290850ef21f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Marshall J.","contributorId":9259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97157,"text":"sir20065171 - 2008 - Potential Chemical Effects of Changes in the Source of Water Supply for the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20065171","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5171","title":"Potential Chemical Effects of Changes in the Source of Water Supply for the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","docAbstract":"Chemical modeling was used by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (henceforth, Authority), to gain insight into the potential chemical effects that could occur in the Authority's water distribution system as a result of changing the source of water used for municipal and industrial supply from ground water to surface water, or to some mixture of the two sources. From historical data, representative samples of ground-water and surface-water chemistry were selected for modeling under a range of environmental conditions anticipated to be present in the distribution system. Mineral phases calculated to have the potential to precipitate from ground water were compared with the compositions of precipitate samples collected from the current water distribution system and with mineral phases calculated to have the potential to precipitate from surface water and ground-water/surface-water mixtures.\r\n\r\nSeveral minerals that were calculated to have the potential to precipitate from ground water in the current distribution system were identified in precipitate samples from pipes, reservoirs, and water heaters. These minerals were the calcium carbonates aragonite and calcite, and the iron oxides/hydroxides goethite, hematite, and lepidocrocite. Several other minerals that were indicated by modeling to have the potential to precipitate were not found in precipitate samples. For most of these minerals, either the kinetics of formation were known to be unfavorable under conditions present in the distribution system or the minerals typically are not formed through direct precipitation from aqueous solutions.\r\n\r\nThe minerals with potential to precipitate as simulated for surface-water samples and ground-water/surface-water mixtures were quite similar to the minerals with potential to precipitate from ground-water samples. Based on the modeling results along with kinetic considerations, minerals that appear most likely to either dissolve or newly precipitate when surface water or ground-water/surface-water mixtures are delivered through the Authority's current distribution system are carbonates (particularly aragonite and calcite). Other types of minerals having the potential to dissolve or newly precipitate under conditions present throughout most of the distribution system include a form of silica, an aluminum hyroxide (gibbsite or diaspore), or the Fe-containing mineral Fe3(OH)8. Dissolution of most of these minerals (except perhaps the Fe-containing minerals) is not likely to substantially affect trace-element concentrations or aesthetic characteristics of delivered water, except perhaps hardness. Precipitation of these minerals would probably be of concern only if the quantities of material involved were large enough to clog pipes or fixtures. The mineral Fe3(OH)8 was not found in the current distribution system. Some Fe-containing minerals that were identified in the distribution system were associated with relatively high contents of selected elements, including As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn. However, these Fe-containing minerals were not identified as minerals likely to dissolve when the source of water was changed from ground water to surface water or a ground-water/surface-water mixture.\r\n\r\nBased on the modeled potential for calcite precipitation and additional calculations of corrosion indices ground water, surface water, and ground-water/surface-water mixtures are not likely to differ greatly in corrosion potential. In particular, surface water and ground-water/surface-water mixtures do not appear likely to dissolve large quantities of existing calcite and expose metal surfaces in the distribution system to substantially increased corrosion. Instead, modeling calculations indicate that somewhat larger masses of material would tend to precipitate from surface water or ground-water/surface-water mixtures compared to ground water alone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065171","isbn":"9781411311367","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2008, Potential Chemical Effects of Changes in the Source of Water Supply for the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5171, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065171.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.83333333333333,35 ], [ -106.83333333333333,35.25 ], [ -106.41666666666667,35.25 ], [ -106.41666666666667,35 ], [ -106.83333333333333,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97155,"text":"sir20085171 - 2008 - Simulation of Flood Profiles for Catoma Creek near Montgomery, Alabama, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"sir20085171","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5171","title":"Simulation of Flood Profiles for Catoma Creek near Montgomery, Alabama, 2008","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional step-backwater model was used to simulate flooding conditions for Catoma Creek near Montgomery, Alabama. A peak flow of 50,000 cubic feet per second was computed by the U.S. Geological Survey for the March 1990 flood at the Norman Bridge Road gaging station. Using this estimated peak flow, flood-plain surveys with associated roughness coefficients, and surveyed high-water marks for the March 1990 flood, a flow model was calibrated to closely match the known event. The calibrated model then was used to simulate flooding for the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence-interval floods. The 100-year flood stage for the Alabama River also was computed in the vicinity of the Catoma Creek confluence using observed high-water profiles from the 1979 and 1990 floods and gaging-station data. \r\n\r\nThe results indicate that the 100-year flood profile for Catoma Creek within the 15-mile study reach is about 2.5 feet higher, on average, than the profile published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The maximum and minimum differences are 6.0 feet and 0.8 foot, respectively. All water-surface elevations computed for the 100-year flood are higher than those published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The 100-year flood stage computed for the Alabama River in the vicinity of the Catoma Creek confluence was about 4.5 feet lower than the elevation published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The results of this study provide the community with flood-profile information that can be used for flood-plain mitigation, future development, and safety plans for the city.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Montgomery, Alabama","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., and Hedgecock, T., 2008, Simulation of Flood Profiles for Catoma Creek near Montgomery, Alabama, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5171, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085171.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5171.jpg"},{"id":12140,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.75,31.75 ], [ -86.75,32.75 ], [ -85.75,32.75 ], [ -85.75,31.75 ], [ -86.75,31.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, K.G.","contributorId":28319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedgecock, T.S.","contributorId":16107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgecock","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198280,"text":"70198280 - 2008 - Steady and intermittent slipping in a model of landslide motion regulated by pore-pressure feedback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T13:41:21","indexId":"70198280","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-19T09:50:42","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5826,"text":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steady and intermittent slipping in a model of landslide motion regulated by pore-pressure feedback","docAbstract":"This paper studies a parsimonious model of landslide motion, which consists of the one-dimensional diffusion equation (for pore pressure) coupled through a boundary condition to a first-order ODE (Newton's second law). Velocity weakening of sliding friction gives rise to nonlinearity in the model. Analysis shows that solutions of the model equations exhibit a subcritical Hopf bifurcation in which stable, steady sliding can transition to cyclical, stick-slip motion. Numerical computations confirm the analytical predictions of the parameter values at which bifurcation occurs. The existence of stick-slip behavior in part of the parameter space is particularly noteworthy because, unlike stick-slip behavior in classical models, here it arises in the absence of a reversible (elastic) driving force. Instead, the driving force is static (gravitational), mediated by the effects of pore-pressure diffusion on frictional resistance.
We analyzed the evolution of volcano‐tectonic (VT) seismicity and deformation at three basaltic volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Piton de la Fournaise) during phases of magma accumulation. We observed that the VT earthquake activity displays an accelerating evolution at the three studied volcanoes during the time of magma accumulation. At the same times, deformation rates recorded at the summit of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes were not accelerating but rather tend to decay. To interpret these observations, we propose a physical model describing the evolution of pressure produced by the accumulation of magma into a reservoir. This variation of pressure is then used to force a simple model of damage, where damage episodes are equivalent to earthquakes. This model leads to an exponential increase of the VT activity and to an exponential decay of the deformation rate during accumulation phases. Seismicity and deformation data are well fitted by such an exponential model. The time constant, deduced from the exponential increase of the seismicity, is in agreement with the time constant predicted by the model of magma accumulation. This VT activity can thus be a direct indication of the accumulation of magma at depth, and therefore can be seen as a long‐term precursory phenomenon, at least for the three studied basaltic volcanoes. Unfortunately, it does not allow the prediction of the onset of future eruptions, as no diverging point (i.e., critical time) is present in the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005937","usgsCitation":"Lengline, O., Marsan, D., Got, J., Pinel, V., Ferrazzini, V., and Okubo, P.G., 2008, Seismicity and deformation induced by magma accumulation at three basaltic volcanoes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. B12, B12305; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005937.","productDescription":"B12305; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005937","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bc7ee4b0702d0e845427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lengline, O.","contributorId":206506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lengline","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsan, David","contributorId":198073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsan","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Got, J.-L.","contributorId":80867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Got","given":"J.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinel, Virginie","contributorId":139984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinel","given":"Virginie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13343,"text":"Université de Savoie · ISTerre Sciences Institute EARTH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferrazzini, Valerie","contributorId":100035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrazzini","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":740866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97124,"text":"sir20085181 - 2008 - An Integrated Hydrogeologic and Geophysical Investigation to Characterize the Hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards Aquifer in an Area of Northeastern Bexar County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T12:45:41","indexId":"sir20085181","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5181","title":"An Integrated Hydrogeologic and Geophysical Investigation to Characterize the Hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards Aquifer in an Area of Northeastern Bexar County, Texas","docAbstract":"In August 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, did a hydrogeologic and geophysical investigation to characterize the hydrostratigraphy (hydrostratigraphic zones) and also the hydrogeologic features (karst features such as sinkholes and caves) of the Edwards aquifer in a 16-square-kilometer area of northeastern Bexar County, Texas, undergoing urban development. Existing hydrostratigraphic information, enhanced by local-scale geologic mapping in the area, and surface geophysics were used to associate ranges of electrical resistivities obtained from capacitively coupled (CC) resistivity surveys, frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) surveys, time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings, and two-dimensional direct-current (2D-DC) resistivity surveys with each of seven hydrostratigraphic zones (equivalent to members of the Kainer and Person Formations) of the Edwards aquifer. The principal finding of this investigation is the relation between electrical resistivity and the contacts between the hydrostratigraphic zones of the Edwards aquifer and the underlying Trinity aquifer in the area. In general, the TDEM data indicate a two-layer model in which an electrical conductor underlies an electrical resistor, which is consistent with the Trinity aquifer (conductor) underlying the Edwards aquifer (resistor). TDEM data also show the plane of Bat Cave fault, a well-known fault in the area, to be associated with a local, nearly vertical zone of low resistivity that provides evidence, although not definitive, for Bat Cave fault functioning as a flow barrier, at least locally. In general, the CC resistivity, FDEM survey, and 2D-DC resistivity survey data show a sharp electrical contrast from north to south, changing from high resistivity to low resistivity across Bat Cave fault as well as possible karst features in the study area. Interpreted karst features that show relatively low resistivity within a relatively high-resistivity area likely are attributable to clay or soil filling a sinkhole. In general, faults are inferred where lithologic incongruity indicates possible displacement. Along most inferred faults, displacement was not sufficient to place different members of the Kainer or Person Formations (hydrostratigraphic zones) adjacent across the inferred fault plane. In general, the Kainer Formation (hydrostratigraphic zones V through VIII) has a higher resistivity than the Person Formation (hydrostratigraphic zones II through IV). Although resistivity variations from the CC resistivity, FDEM, and 2D-DC resistivity surveys, with mapping information, were sufficient to allow surface mapping of the lateral extent of hydrostratigraphic zones in places, resistivity variations from TDEM data were not sufficient to allow vertical delineation of hydrostratigraphic zones; however, the Edwards aquifer-Trinity aquifer contact could be identified from the TDEM data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., Smith, B.D., Clark, A.K., and Payne, J., 2008, An Integrated Hydrogeologic and Geophysical Investigation to Characterize the Hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards Aquifer in an Area of Northeastern Bexar County, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5181, Report: vi, 26 p.; Plate: 24 x 18 inches; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085181.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 26 p.; Plate: 24 x 18 inches; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-08-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5181.jpg"},{"id":12108,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327655,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5181/pdf/sir2008-5181.pdf","size":"8.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327656,"rank":102,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5181/pdf/sir2008-5181-pl1.pdf","size":"26.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.43416666666667,29.634166666666665 ], [ -98.43416666666667,29.683333333333334 ], [ -98.36666666666666,29.683333333333334 ], [ -98.36666666666666,29.634166666666665 ], [ -98.43416666666667,29.634166666666665 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, Jason 0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97136,"text":"ofr20081360 - 2008 - The search for Braddock’s Caldera— Guidebook for Colorado Scientific Society Fall 2008 field trip, Never Summer Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T19:29:30.084624","indexId":"ofr20081360","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1360","title":"The search for Braddock’s Caldera— Guidebook for Colorado Scientific Society Fall 2008 field trip, Never Summer Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"The report contains the illustrated guidebook that was used for the fall field trip of the Colorado Scientific Society on September 6-7, 2008. It summarizes new information about the Tertiary geologic history of the northern Front Range and the Never Summer Mountains, particularly the late Oligocene volcanic and intrusive rocks designated the Braddock Peak complex.\r\n\r\nMinor modifications were made in response to technical reviews by D.J. Lidke and C.A. Ruleman (U.S. Geological Survey) regarding clarity and consistency, and text editing by M.A. Kidd. However, the text remains essentially similar to the guidebook that was circulated to the participants on the Colorado Scientific Society 2008 field trip. Several notes were added following the trip (as indicated) to address developments since the guidebook was written.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081360","usgsCitation":"Cole, J., Larson, E., Farmer, L., and Kellogg, K., 2008, The search for Braddock’s Caldera— Guidebook for Colorado Scientific Society Fall 2008 field trip, Never Summer Mountains, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1360, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081360.","productDescription":"30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-09-06","temporalEnd":"2008-09-07","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12119,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1360/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389171,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86217.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Never Summer Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.91666666666667,40.4675 ], [ -105.91666666666667,40.483333333333334 ], [ -105.90083333333334,40.483333333333334 ], [ -105.90083333333334,40.4675 ], [ -105.91666666666667,40.4675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":21539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Ed","contributorId":25657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Lang","contributorId":40301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Lang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}