We related Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) demographic response and nest survival to benthic macroinvertebrate aquatic prey and to shale gas development parameters using models that accounted for both spatial and non-spatial sources of variability in a Central Appalachian USA watershed. In 2013, aquatic prey density and pollution intolerant genera (i.e., pollution tolerance value <4) decreased statistically with increased waterthrush territory length but not in 2014 when territory densities were lower. In general, most demographic responses to aquatic prey were variable and negatively related to aquatic prey in 2013 but positively related in 2014. Competing aquatic prey covariate models to explain nest survival were not statistically significant but differed annually and in general reversed from negative to positive influence on daily survival rate. Potential hydraulic fracturing runoff decreased nest survival both years and was statistically significant in 2014. The EPA Rapid Bioassessment protocol (EPA) and Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) designed for assessing suitability requirements for waterthrush were positively linked to aquatic prey where higher scores increased aquatic prey metrics, but EPA was more strongly linked than HSI and varied annually. While potential hydraulic fracturing runoff in 2013 may have increased Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, in 2014 shale gas territory disturbance decreased EPT richness. In 2014, intolerant genera decreased at the territory and nest level with increased shale gas disturbance suggesting the potential for localized negative effects on waterthrush. Loss of food resources does not seem directly or solely responsible for demographic declines where waterthrush likely were able to meet their foraging needs. However collective evidence suggests there may be a shale gas disturbance threshold at which waterthrush respond negatively to aquatic prey community changes. Density-dependent regulation of their ability to adapt to environmental change through acquisition of additional resources may also alter demographic response.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0206077","usgsCitation":"Frantz, M.W., Wood, P.B., and Merovich, G.T., 2018, Demographic characteristics of an avian predator, Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla), in response to its aquatic prey in a Central Appalachian USA watershed impacted by shale gas development: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 11, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206077.","productDescription":"e0206077, 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-095412","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206077","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Lewis Wetzel Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.66818714141846,\n 39.514702147872995\n ],\n [\n -80.64299583435057,\n 39.514702147872995\n ],\n [\n -80.64299583435057,\n 39.530790543485786\n ],\n [\n -80.66818714141846,\n 39.530790543485786\n ],\n [\n -80.66818714141846,\n 39.514702147872995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lightfoot, David A.","contributorId":273594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lightfoot","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Frantz, Mack W.","contributorId":272515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frantz","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merovich, George T. Jr.","contributorId":172041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merovich","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227756,"text":"70227756 - 2018 - Influence of river discharge on grass carp occupancy dynamics in south-eastern Iowa rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T14:42:30.747171","indexId":"70227756","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-28T08:37:39","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of river discharge on grass carp occupancy dynamics in south-eastern Iowa rivers","docAbstract":"Despite the longstanding presence of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) watershed, information regarding their populations remains largely unknown, in part because capture is difficult. Occupancy models are a popular wildlife assessment tool to account for imperfect detections but have been slow to be adopted in fisheries. Herein, we used occupancy modelling to evaluate the influence of two environmental covariates (river discharge and water temperature) on grass carp occupancy, extinction, colonization, and detection at nine sites within south-eastern Iowa rivers from April to October 2014 and 2015. Grass carp were detected at least once at all but one site. The most parsimonious model indicated that grass carp colonization probability increased from 0.15 to 0.67 with increases in river discharge. In contrast, occupancy (0.20), extinction (0.29), and detection (0.50) probabilities were temporally constant. Models indicated that water temperatures did not influence grass carp extinction or colonization probabilities relative to river discharge. Cumulative grass carp detection probability approached 1.0, whereas conditional occupancy estimates were less than 0.1 when using five or more sampling transects. The use of a robust design occupancy model allowed us to estimate site occupancy rates of grass carp corrected for imperfect detections, while demonstrating the importance of river discharge for site colonization. These results can be used to assess the distribution of a cryptic fish while helping to guide grass carp sampling and removal efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3385","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, C.J., Weber, M., Pierce, C., and Camacho, C.A., 2018, Influence of river discharge on grass carp occupancy dynamics in south-eastern Iowa rivers: River Research and Applications, v. 35, no. 1, p. 60-67, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3385.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-090729","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/296","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weber, Michael J.","contributorId":272530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Christopher J.","contributorId":272528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Michael J.","contributorId":272530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camacho, Carlos A.","contributorId":272529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camacho","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250181,"text":"70250181 - 2018 - Sediment transport model including short-lived radioisotopes: Model description and idealized test cases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T11:54:23.3422","indexId":"70250181","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-27T11:27:26","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2380,"text":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment transport model including short-lived radioisotopes: Model description and idealized test cases","docAbstract":"Geochronologies derived from sediment cores in coastal locations are often used to infer event bed characteristics such as deposit thicknesses and accumulation rates. Such studies commonly use naturally occurring, short-lived radioisotopes, such as Beryllium-7 (7Be) and Thorium-234 (234Th), to study depositional and post-depositional processes. These radioisotope activities, however, are not generally represented in sediment transport models that characterize coastal flood and storm deposition with grain size patterns and deposit thicknesses. We modified the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS) to account for reactive tracers and used this capability to represent the behavior of these short-lived radioisotopes on the sediment bed. This paper describes the model and presents results from a set of idealized, one-dimensional (vertical) test cases. The model configuration represented fluvial deposition followed by periods of episodic storm resuspension. Sensitivity tests explored the influence on seabed radioisotope profiles by the intensities of bioturbation and wave resuspension and the thickness of fluvial deposits. The intensity of biodiffusion affected the persistence of fluvial event beds as evidenced by 7Be. Both resuspension and biodiffusion increased the modeled seabed inventory of 234Th. A thick fluvial deposit increased the seabed inventory of 7Be and 234Th but mixing over time greatly reduced the difference in inventory of 234Th in fluvial deposits of different thicknesses.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/jmse6040144","usgsCitation":"Birchler, J.J., Harris, C.K., Sherwood, C.R., and Kniskern, T.A., 2018, Sediment transport model including short-lived radioisotopes: Model description and idealized test cases: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 6, no. 4, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040144.","productDescription":"144, 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-094563","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040144","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birchler, Justin J. 0000-0002-0379-2192 jbirchler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0379-2192","contributorId":169117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birchler","given":"Justin","email":"jbirchler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":19620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kniskern, Tara A","contributorId":202170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kniskern","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":36356,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228346,"text":"70228346 - 2018 - Genetic assessment of a bighorn sheep population expansion in the Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T12:43:29.389173","indexId":"70228346","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-24T17:31:53","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic assessment of a bighorn sheep population expansion in the Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"Background: The isolated population of desert bighorn sheep in the Silver Bell Mountains of southern Arizona underwent an unprecedented expansion in merely four years. We hypothesized that immigration from neighboring bighorn sheep populations could have caused the increase in numbers as detected by Arizona Game and Fish Department annual aerial counts.
Methods: We applied a multilocus genetic approach using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite markers for genetic analyses to find evidence of immigration. We sampled the Silver Bell Mountains bighorn sheep before (2003) and during (2015) the population expansion, and a small number of available samples from the Gila Mountains (southwestern Arizona) and the Morenci Mine (Rocky Mountain bighorn) in an attempt to identify the source of putative immigrants and, more importantly, to serve as comparisons for genetic diversity metrics.
Results: We did not find evidence of substantial gene flow into the Silver Bell Mountains population. We did not detect any new mitochondrial haplotypes in the 2015 bighorn sheep samples. The microsatellite analyses detected only one new allele, in one individual from the 2015 population that was not detected in the 2003 samples. Overall, the genetic diversity of the Silver Bell Mountains population was lower than that seen in either the Gila population or the Morenci Mine population.
Discussion: Even though the results of this study did not help elucidate the precise reason for the recent population expansion, continued monitoring and genetic sampling could provide more clarity on the genetic demographics of this population.
Keywords: Bighorn sheep; Microsatellites; Migration; Mitochondrial DNA; Ovis canadensis; Population growth; Silver Bell Mountains.
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mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70232610,"text":"70232610 - 2018 - Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen criterion attainment deficit: Three decades of temporal and spatial patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T11:46:08.609739","indexId":"70232610","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-21T06:42:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen criterion attainment deficit: Three decades of temporal and spatial patterns","docAbstract":"Low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions are a recurring issue in waters of Chesapeake Bay, with detrimental effects on aquatic living resources. The Chesapeake Bay Program partnership has developed criteria guidance supporting the definition of state water quality standards and associated assessment procedures for DO and other parameters, which provides a binary classification of attainment or impairment. Evaluating time series of these two outcomes alone, however, provides limited information on water quality change over time or space. Here we introduce an extension of the existing Chesapeake Bay water quality criterion assessment framework to quantify the amount of impairment shown by space-time exceedance of DO criterion (“attainment deficit”) for a specific tidal management unit (i.e., segment). We demonstrate the usefulness of this extended framework by applying it to Bay segments for each 3-year assessment period between 1985 and 2016. In general, the attainment deficit for the most recent period assessed (i.e., 2014–2016) is considerably worse for deep channel (DC; n = 10) segments than open water (OW; n = 92) and deep water (DW; n = 18) segments. Most subgroups – classified by designated uses, salinity zones, or tidal systems – show better (or similar) attainment status in 2014–2016 than their initial status (1985–1987). Some significant temporal trends (p < 0.1) were detected, presenting evidence on the recovery for portions of Chesapeake Bay with respect to DO criterion attainment. Significant, improving trends were observed in seven OW segments, four DW segments, and one DC segment over the 30 3-year assessment periods (1985–2016). Likewise, significant, improving trends were observed in 15 OW, five DW, and four DC segments over the recent 15 assessment periods (2000–2016). Subgroups showed mixed trends, with the Patuxent, Nanticoke, and Choptank Rivers experiencing significant, improving short-term (2000–2016) trends while Elizabeth experiencing a significant, degrading short-term trend. The general lack of significantly improving trends across the Bay suggests that further actions will be necessary to achieve full attainment of DO criterion. Insights revealed in this work are critical for understanding the dynamics of the Bay ecosystem and for further assessing the effectiveness of management initiatives aimed toward Bay restoration.
Sediment transport past rocky headlands has received less attention compared to transport along beaches. Here we explore, in a field-based study, possible pathways for sediment movement adjacent to Point Dume, a headland in Santa Monica Bay, California. This prominent shoreline feature is a nearly symmetrical, triangular-shaped promontory interior to the Santa Monica Littoral Cell. We collected current, wave, and turbidity data for 74 days during which several wave events occurred, including one associated with a remote hurricane and another generated by the first winter storm of 2014. We also acquired sediment samples to quantify seabed grain-size distributions. Near-bottom currents towards the headland dominated on both of its sides and wave-driven longshore currents in the surf zone were faster on the exposed side. Bed shear stresseswere generated mostly by waves with minor contributions from currents, but both wave-driven and other currents contributed to sediment flux. On the wave-exposed west side of the headland, suspended sediment concentrations correlated with bed stress suggesting local resuspension whereas turbidity levels on the sheltered east side of the headland are more easily explained by advective delivery. Most of the suspended sediment appears to be exported offshore due to flow separation at the apex of the headland but may not move far given that sediment fluxes at moorings offshore of the apex were small. Further, wave-driven sediment flux in the surf zone is unlikely to pass the headland due to the discontinuity in wave forcing that causes longshore transport in different directions on each side of the headland. It is thus unlikely that sand is transported past the headland (specifically in a westerly direction), although some transport of finer fractions may occur offshore in deep water. These findings of minimal sediment flux past Point Dume are consistent with its role as a littoral cell boundary, although more complex multi-stage processes and unusual events may account for some transport at times.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011","usgsCitation":"George, D.A., Largier, J.L., Storlazzi, C.D., Robart, M.J., and Gaylord, B., 2018, Currents, waves and sediment transport around the headland of Pt. Dume, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 171, p. 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-091841","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pt. Dume","volume":"171","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5b9e4b045bfcadf7f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Douglas A.","contributorId":60328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Largier, John L.","contributorId":175121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Largier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robart, Matthew J.","contributorId":210665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robart","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38129,"text":"UCD/BML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaylord, Brian","contributorId":210666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaylord","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38129,"text":"UCD/BML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200699,"text":"70200699 - 2018 - Subsurface controls on the development of the Cape Fear Slide Complex, central US Atlantic Margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T08:37:04","indexId":"70200699","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-16T13:02:32","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5011,"text":"Geological Society of London Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface controls on the development of the Cape Fear Slide Complex, central US Atlantic Margin","docAbstract":"The Cape Fear Slide is one of the largest (>25 000 km3) submarine slope failure complexes on the US Atlantic margin. Here we use a combination of new high-resolution multichannel seismic data (MCS) from the National Science Foundation Geodynamic Processes at Rifting and Subducting Margins (NSF GeoPRISMS) Community Seismic Experiment and legacy industry MCS to derive detailed stratigraphy of this slide and constrain the conditions that lead to slope instability. Limited outer-shelf and upper-slope accommodation space during the Neogene, combined with lowstand fluvial inputs and northwards Gulf Stream sediment transport, appears to have contributed to thick Miocene and Pliocene deposits that onlapped the lower slope. This resulted in burial of an upper-slope bypass zone developed from earlier erosional truncation of Paleogene strata. These deposits created a broad ramp that allowed accumulation of thick Quaternary strata across a low-gradient (<3.5°) upper slope. Upslope of one of the larger headwalls, undulating Quaternary strata appear to downlap onto a buried failure plane. Many of the nested headwalls of the upper-slope portion of slide complex are underlain by deformed strata, which may be the result of fluid migration associated with localized subsidence from salt migration. These new data and observations suggest that antecedent margin physiography, sediment loading and substrate fluid flow were key factors in preconditioning the Cape Fear slope for failure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP477.17","usgsCitation":"Hill, J.C., Brothers, D., Hornbach, M.J., Sawyer, D.E., Shillington, D.J., and Becel, A., 2018, Subsurface controls on the development of the Cape Fear Slide Complex, central US Atlantic Margin: Geological Society of London Special Publications, v. 477, p. 169-182, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.17.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-089531","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"477","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5bae4b045bfcadf7f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Jenna C. 0000-0002-7475-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-357X","contributorId":21987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Jenna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":210199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornbach, Matthew J.","contributorId":210200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornbach","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sawyer, Derek E.","contributorId":210201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18155,"text":"The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shillington, Donna J.","contributorId":210202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shillington","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38091,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Becel, Anne","contributorId":210203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becel","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38091,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199133,"text":"70199133 - 2018 - Filtering of cyclic period infiltration in a layered vadose zone: 1. Approximation of damping and time lags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-01T17:54:29.16291","indexId":"70199133","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-15T11:53:24","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Filtering of cyclic period infiltration in a layered vadose zone: 1. Approximation of damping and time lags","docAbstract":"Infiltration and downward percolation of water in the vadose zone are important processes that can define the availability of water resources. We present an approach that provides insight into how periodic infiltration forcings at the land surface filter in a layered vadose zone in terms of changes in the timing and magnitude of hydrologic responses. To represent geologically realistic systems, we used vertical sequences of one‐dimensional periodic solutions, where each solution represents a single soil in a layered profile. The overall approach is based on a linearized Richards equation and assumes that the effects on flow of continuous pressure head changes at soil interfaces are negligible. We evaluated the limit of these approximations by comparison with results from the numerical model HYDRUS‐1D, which uses the full Richards equation. We compared (i) the depth at which flux variations became steady, and (ii) the travel time of wetting fronts to reach a depth of 3 m. The solution was reasonably accurate (error less than a factor of 2) for infiltration cycles with periods from 30 to 365 d and for fluxes common in arid and semiarid environments (0–2 mm d−1). Lag times between a surface forcing and response at any depth were accurate (error less than a factor of 1.1). The approximation generally provided consistent estimates of the damping and time lag, such that it overestimated the depths where fluxes were steady and underestimated the time for a forcing to reach a specific depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2018.03.0047","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, J.E., and Ferre, T.P., 2018, Filtering of cyclic period infiltration in a layered vadose zone: 1. Approximation of damping and time lags: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0047.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-077789","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0047","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferre, T. P. A","contributorId":206539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P. A","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216874,"text":"70216874 - 2018 - Integrated population modeling provides the first empirical estimates of vital rates and abundance for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-11T14:15:27.269234","indexId":"70216874","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-14T07:23:45","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated population modeling provides the first empirical estimates of vital rates and abundance for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea","docAbstract":"Large carnivores are imperiled globally, and characteristics making them vulnerable to extinction (e.g., low densities and expansive ranges) also make it difficult to estimate demographic parameters needed for management. Here we develop an integrated population model to analyze capture-recapture, radiotelemetry, and count data for the Chukchi Sea subpopulation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 2008–2016. Our model addressed several challenges in capture-recapture studies for polar bears by including a multievent structure reflecting location and life history states, while accommodating state uncertainty. Female breeding probability was 0.83 (95% credible interval [CRI] = 0.71–0.90), with litter sizes of 2.18 (95% CRI = 1.71–2.82) for age-zero and 1.61 (95% CRI = 1.46–1.80) for age-one cubs. Total adult survival was 0.90 (95% CRI = 0.86–0.92) for females and 0.89 (95% CRI = 0.83–0.93) for males. Spring on-ice densities west of Alaska were 0.0030 bears/km2 (95% CRI = 0.0016–0.0060), similar to 1980s-era density estimates although methodological differences complicate comparison. Abundance of the Chukchi Sea subpopulation, derived by extrapolating density from the study area using a spatially-explicit habitat metric, was 2,937 bears (95% CRI = 1,552–5,944). Our findings are consistent with other lines of evidence suggesting the Chukchi Sea subpopulation has been productive in recent years, although it is uncertain how long this will continue given sea-ice loss due to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Reports","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-34824-7","usgsCitation":"Regehr, E.V., Hostetter, N.J., Wilson, R.H., Rode, K.D., St. Martin, M., and Converse, S.J., 2018, Integrated population modeling provides the first empirical estimates of vital rates and abundance for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea: Scientific Reports, v. 8, 16780, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34824-7.","productDescription":"16780, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098279","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34824-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetter, Nathan J. 0000-0001-6075-2157 nhostetter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-2157","contributorId":198843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetter","given":"Nathan","email":"nhostetter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":806680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Ryan H. 0000-0001-7740-7771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-7771","contributorId":130989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"St. Martin, Michelle","contributorId":150114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Martin","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200856,"text":"70200856 - 2018 - Wanted: Future leaders for ESA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-13T13:18:19","indexId":"70200856","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-07T14:59:05","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wanted: Future leaders for ESA","docAbstract":"A scientific society like ESA is not just an office, nor an annual meeting, nor one or more journals, and it cannot operate without volunteer leadership. ESA is its members. It is the collective efforts of many individuals that create a vibrant organization. Members step forward in service to the society and to the community review journal articles, organize symposia and field trips at the Annual Meeting, serve on standing program committees and as Section Officers, and make strategic and financial decisions for the society as members of the Governing Board. With a small headquarters staff, much of the work accomplished by ESA rests on the shoulders of volunteer members and leaders. The combined efforts of hundreds of individuals allow ESA to develop and advance programs and maximize the society’s impact in advancing science and engaging communities. ESA is committed to being a leader in communicating ecological science among scientists and to promoting its use in our threatened world. ESA can only achieve these goals however, if its members make it happen.","language":"English","publisher":" Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fee.1924","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Catherine O'Riordan, 2018, Wanted: Future leaders for ESA: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 16, no. 6, p. 311-311, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1924.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"311","ipdsId":"IP-099014","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1924","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be55a51e4b0b3fc5cf8c685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catherine O'Riordan","contributorId":210509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catherine O'Riordan","affiliations":[{"id":38114,"text":"Ecological Society of America","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200857,"text":"70200857 - 2018 - Human-associated indicator bacteria and human-specific viruses in surface water: a spatial assessment with implications on fate and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T14:54:11","indexId":"70200857","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-07T14:53:26","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human-associated indicator bacteria and human-specific viruses in surface water: a spatial assessment with implications on fate and transport","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, seasonal, and spatial variability of sewage contamination was studied at six locations within a watershed upstream from water reclamation facility (WRF) effluent to define relative loadings of sewage from different portions of the watershed. Fecal pollution from human sources was spatially quantified by measuring two human-associated indicator bacteria (HIB) and eight human-specific viruses (HSV) at six stream locations in the Menomonee River watershed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin from April 2009 to March 2011. A custom, automated water sampler, which included HSV filtration, was deployed at each location providing unattended, flow-weighted, large-volume (30-913 L) sampling. In addition, wastewater influent samples were composited over discrete seven-day periods from the two Milwaukee WRFs. Of the eight HSV only three were detected, present in up to 38% of the 228 stream samples, while at least one HSV was detected in all WRF influent samples. HIB occurred more often with significantly higher concentrations than the HSV in stream and WRF influent samples (p<0.05). HSV yield calculations showed a loss from upstream to the most downstream sub-watershed of the Menomonee River, and in contrast, a positive HIB yield from this same sub-watershed emphasizes the complexity in fate and transport properties between HSV and HIB. This study demonstrates the utility of analyzing multiple HSV and HIB to provide a weight of evidence approach for assessment of fecal contamination at the watershed level, provides an assessment of relative loadings for prioritizing areas within a watershed, and demonstrates how loadings of HSV and HIB can be inconsistent, inferring potential differences in fate and transport between the two indicators of human fecal presence.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.8b03481","usgsCitation":"Lenaker, P.L., Corsi, S., McLellan, S., Borchardt, M.A., Olds, H., Dila, D., Spencer, S.K., and Baldwin, A.K., 2018, Human-associated indicator bacteria and human-specific viruses in surface water: a spatial assessment with implications on fate and transport: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 52, no. 21, p. 12162-12171, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03481.","productDescription":"10 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discharges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T13:29:33","indexId":"70207961","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-07T13:19:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater downgradient from large on-site wastewater discharges","docAbstract":"Large subsurface treatment systems (LSTS) and rapid infiltration basins (RIB) are preferred onsite wastewater treatments compared to direct discharge of treated wastewater to streams and adjacent facilities. Discharge of these wastewater treatments may result in contaminant loading to aquifers that also serve as drinking water sources downgradient from the discharge site. Until recently, few studies have characterized the contribution of micropollutants (e.g. pharmaceuticals, fragrances, flame retardants, etc.) to receiving aquifers. We conducted a pilot project to characterize the occurrence of micropollutants in groundwater downgradient from 7 on-site treatment systems in Minnesota, USA: 5 community LSTS and 2 municipal RIB. One downgradient monitoring well was sampled three times at each facility over one year. Of 223 micropollutants analyzed, 35 were detected. Total sample concentrations ranged from 90 to 4,039 ng/L. Sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) was detected in all samples at concentrations from 7 to 965 ng/L. Other pharmaceuticals (0.12–1,000 ng/L), organophosphorus flame retardants (10–500 ng/L), and other anthropogenic chemicals (4–775 ng/L) were also detected. The numbers and concentrations of micropollutants detected were inversely related to dissolved oxygen and depth to water. Ratios of pharmaceutical concentrations to human-health screening values were <0.10 for most samples. However, concentrations of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole exceeded screening values at two sites. Study results illustrate that large on-site wastewater systems designed to discharge to permeable soil or shallow groundwater effectively deliver pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants to groundwater aquifers and could contribute micropollutants to drinking water via water supply wells.
Herbivores alter plant biodiversity (species richness) in many of the world’s ecosystems, but the magnitude and the direction of herbivore effects on biodiversity vary widely within and among ecosystems. One current theory predicts that herbivores enhance plant biodiversity at high productivity but have the opposite effect at low productivity. Yet, empirical support for the importance of site productivity as a mediator of these herbivore impacts is equivocal. Here, we synthesize data from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies, spanning a 20-fold range in site productivity, to test an alternative hypothesis—that herbivore-induced changes in the competitive environment determine the response of plant biodiversity to herbivory irrespective of productivity. Under this hypothesis, when herbivores reduce the abundance (biomass, cover) of dominant species (for example, because the dominant plant is palatable), additional resources become available to support new species, thereby increasing biodiversity. By contrast, if herbivores promote high dominance by increasing the abundance of herbivory-resistant, unpalatable species, then resource availability for other species decreases reducing biodiversity. We show that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation (a proxy for productivity), is the best predictor of herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites. Given that most herbaceous ecosystems are dominated by one or a few species, altering the competitive environment via herbivores or by other means may be an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity in grasslands and savannahs globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41559-018-0696-y","usgsCitation":"Koerner, S., Smith, M.D., Burkepile, D.E., Hanan, N.P., Avolio, M.L., Collins, S., Knapp, A., Lemoine, N.P., Forrestel, E.J., Eby, S., Thompson, D.I., Aguado-Santacruz, G.A., Anderson, J.P., Anderson, T.M., Angassa, A., Bagchi, S., Bakker, E.S., Bastin, G., Baur, L.E., Beard, K., Beever, E., Bohlen, P.J., Boughton, E.H., Canestro, D., Cesa, A., Chaneton, E., Cheng, J., D’Antonio, C.M., Deleglise, C., Dembele, F., Dorrough, J., Eldridge, D.J., Fernandez-Going, B., Fernandez-Lugo, S., Fraser, L.H., Freedman, B., Garcia-Salgado, G., Goheen, J.R., Guo, L., Husheer, S., Karembe, M., Knops, J.M., Kraaij, T., Kulmatiski, A., Kytoviita, M., Lezama, F., Loucougaray, G., Loydi, A., Milchunas, D.G., Milton, S.J., Morgan, J.W., Moxham, C., Nehring, K.C., Olff, H., Palmer, T.M., Rebollo, S., Riginos, C., Risch, A., Rueda, M., Sankaran, M., Sasaki, T., Schoenecker, K.A., Schultz, N.L., Schutz, M., Schwabe, A., Siebert, F., Smit, C., Stahlheber, K.A., Storm, C., Strong, D.J., Su, J., Tiruvaimozhi, Y.V., Tyler, C., Val, J., Vandegehuchte, M.L., Veblen, K.E., Vermeire, L., Ward, D., Wu, J., Young, T.P., Yu, Q., and Zelikova, T.J., 2018, Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity: Nature Ecology & Evolution, v. 2, p. 1925-1932, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0696-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1925","endPage":"1932","ipdsId":"IP-077293","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0696-y","text":"External Repository"},{"id":359127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf67cf1e4b045bfcae2cfec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koerner, Sally E.","contributorId":208281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koerner","given":"Sally E.","affiliations":[{"id":37771,"text":"Dept. of Integrative Biology, U. of S. 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Tamara J.","contributorId":76615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelikova","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":82}]}} ,{"id":70200905,"text":"70200905 - 2018 - Long-term impacts of exotic grazer removal on native shrub recovery, Santa Cruz Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T16:22:04.670834","indexId":"70200905","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-01T15:05:46","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term impacts of exotic grazer removal on native shrub recovery, Santa Cruz Island, California","docAbstract":"A combination of overgrazing and exotic species introduction has led to the degradation of habitats worldwide. It is often unclear whether removal of exotic ungulates will lead to the natural reestablishment of native plant communities without further management inputs. I describe here my return to sites on Santa Cruz Island, California, 12 years after initial sampling in order to gain a long-term view on native shrub reestablishment into exotic grasslands after exotic grazer removal. Santa Cruz Island was grazed by feral sheep and cattle for over a century; these exotic grazers were removed in the late 1980s and feral pigs were removed in 2005–2006. I resampled 5 sites on south-facing slopes in the Central Valley of the island to quantify native shrub cover, density, and size. Previous data suggested that one species, Eriogonum arborescens, would be able to naturally recruit in exotic grass–dominated areas. Native shrubs have shown a modest increase in cover over time, although more striking was a sharp increase in the amount of dead shrub cover and density. Recruitment events during high rainfall years probably led to the slight increase in Eriogonum cover between sampling periods. Recent drought periods, however, have probably increased mortality and otherwise slowed shrub reestablishment in these arid sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.078.0417","usgsCitation":"Yelenik, S.G., 2018, Long-term impacts of exotic grazer removal on native shrub recovery, Santa Cruz Island, California: Western North American Naturalist, v. 78, p. 777-786, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.078.0417.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"786","ipdsId":"IP-093127","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.96109008789061,\n 33.911454454267606\n ],\n [\n -119.49005126953124,\n 33.911454454267606\n ],\n [\n -119.49005126953124,\n 34.101570854106576\n ],\n [\n -119.96109008789061,\n 34.101570854106576\n ],\n [\n -119.96109008789061,\n 33.911454454267606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bed4271e4b0b3fc5cf91c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769 syelenik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":5251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"syelenik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202217,"text":"70202217 - 2018 - Correlating sea lamprey density with environmental DNA detections in the lab","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-15T12:56:56","indexId":"70202217","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-01T12:56:49","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlating sea lamprey density with environmental DNA detections in the lab","docAbstract":"Invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) are currently managed by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission in an effort to reduce pest populations below levels that cause ecological damage. One technique to improve stream population assessments could be molecular surveillance in the form of environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring. We developed and validated four probe-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, then used two probes (cytb, nd1) to determine whether eDNA concentration was correlated with adult and larval sea lamprey density in the lab. We found a strong positive correlation between adult sea lamprey densities of 2, 20, and 200 individuals/2000L and eDNA concentrations in tanks using both assays (cytb, nd1). For larval laboratory tank density trials, eDNA concentrations were generally near our limit of quantification and there was no significant difference in copy numbers detected between larval sea lamprey densities of 1, 5, and 25 individuals/28L. Therefore, we examined detection probability rather than concentration with laboratory tank densities. We observed a trend of increasing detection probabilities with increased larval sea lamprey density that approached significance suggesting that when DNA copy numbers are low, detection rates may be more informative in predicting varying densities of larval sea lamprey. The ability to assess sea lamprey densities from a water sample could be a powerful tool to improve traditional assessment and stream ranking techniques. Further refinement of this method in the field may make eDNA surveillance of sea lamprey a reliable part of stream assessments. Rapid eDNA analysis from many streams may help focus traditional assessment efforts, thereby improving the efficiency of invasive sea lamprey control efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2018.9.4.11","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, N.A., Merkes, C.M., Rees, C., Amberg, J., Steeves, T.B., and Docker, M.F., 2018, Correlating sea lamprey density with environmental DNA detections in the lab: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 9, no. 4, p. 483-495, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2018.9.4.11.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"495","ipdsId":"IP-094039","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2018.9.4.11","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TD0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sea lamprey quantitative environmental DNA surveillance"},{"id":361290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Nicholas A. 0000-0002-3815-5302 nschloesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3815-5302","contributorId":169551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Nicholas","email":"nschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rees, Christopher B.","contributorId":196308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rees","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steeves, Todd B.","contributorId":126761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6598,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Docker, Margaret F.","contributorId":195099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Docker","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202559,"text":"70202559 - 2018 - Overwintering behavior of juvenile sea turtles at a temperate foraging ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T12:25:27","indexId":"70202559","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-01T12:25:18","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overwintering behavior of juvenile sea turtles at a temperate foraging ground","docAbstract":"Most freshwater and terrestrial turtle species that inhabit temperate environments hibernate to survive extreme cold periods. However, for sea turtles, the question of whether these species use hibernation as an overwintering strategy has not been resolved (Ultsch 2006). Felger et al. (1976) suggested that sea turtles bury themselves in mud on the seafloor and remain dormant throughout the winter, presumably not surfacing during that time. Additional researchers have described sea turtles in temperatures <15°C as lethargic, mud‐covered and buried in bottom sediment (Carr et al. 1980, Mendonça 1983, Ogren and McVea 1995). However, more recent studies suggest that sea turtles may not be as dormant in cold temperatures as previously suggested (Hochscheid et al. 2007). Resolving this question is difficult due to the unpredictability of winter weather patterns and the cost of advanced tracking tools required to assess these fine‐scale behaviors. However, in January 2018, unusually calm and clear marine conditions coupled with exceptionally cold weather provided us the opportunity to observe and film turtle behavior at a foraging ground in the northern Gulf of Mexico. These images, combined with previously gathered data from vessel‐based surveys and water temperature loggers, have enabled us to piece together one of the most comprehensive views of sea turtle overwintering behavior to date.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.2439","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., Seay, D.R., and Gault, K., 2018, Overwintering behavior of juvenile sea turtles at a temperate foraging ground: Ecology, v. 99, no. 11, p. 2621-2624, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2439.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2621","endPage":"2624","ipdsId":"IP-095734","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seay, David R. 0000-0001-5473-9474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-9474","contributorId":214086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seay","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27063,"text":"Cherokee Nations Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gault, Kathleen","contributorId":214087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gault","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38979,"text":"Eglin Air Force Base","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200780,"text":"70200780 - 2018 - Adapting management to a changing world: Warm temperatures, dry soil, and interannual variability limit restoration success of a dominant woody shrub in temperate drylands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T14:31:01","indexId":"70200780","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-31T14:30:58","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adapting management to a changing world: Warm temperatures, dry soil, and interannual variability limit restoration success of a dominant woody shrub in temperate drylands","docAbstract":"Restoration and rehabilitation of native vegetation in dryland ecosystems, which encompass over 40% of terrestrial ecosystems, is a common challenge that continues to grow as wildfire and biological invasions transform dryland plant communities. The difficulty in part stems from low and variable precipitation, combined with limited understanding about how weather conditions influence restoration outcomes, and increasing recognition that one‐time seeding approaches can fail if they do not occur during appropriate plant establishment conditions. The sagebrush biome, which once covered over 620,000 km2 of western North America, is a prime example of a pressing dryland restoration challenge for which restoration success has been variable. We analyzed field data on Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) restoration collected at 771 plots in 177 wildfire sites across its western range, and used process‐based ecohydrological modeling to identify factors leading to its establishment. Our results indicate big sagebrush occurrence is most strongly associated with relatively cool temperatures and wet soils in the first spring after seeding. In particular, the amount of winter snowpack, but not total precipitation, helped explain the availability of spring soil moisture and restoration success. We also find considerable interannual variability in the probability of sagebrush establishment. Adaptive management strategies that target seeding during cool, wet years or mitigate effects of variability through repeated seeding may improve the likelihood of successful restoration in dryland ecosystems. Given consistent projections of increasing temperatures, declining snowpack, and increasing weather variability throughout midlatitude drylands, weather‐centric adaptive management approaches to restoration will be increasingly important for dryland restoration success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.14374","usgsCitation":"Shriver, R.K., Andrews, C.M., Pilliod, D.S., Arkle, R., Welty, J.L., Germino, M., Duniway, M.C., Pyke, D.A., and Bradford, J.B., 2018, Adapting management to a changing world: Warm temperatures, dry soil, and interannual variability limit restoration success of a dominant woody shrub in temperate drylands: Global Change Biology, v. 24, no. 10, p. 4972-4982, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14374.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4972","endPage":"4982","ipdsId":"IP-095817","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U67LQX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental conditions, covariate data used in model fitting, and long-term establishment predictions from 1979 to 2016 in the Great Basin, 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USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T13:45:48","indexId":"70203065","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-31T11:36:50","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating flow management as a strategy to recover an endangered sturgeon species in the Upper Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"In the Upper Missouri River, Fort Peck and Garrison Dams limit the length of free‐flowing river available to the endangered pallid sturgeon. These barriers restrict the upstream migration of adults and downstream larval dispersal. A one‐dimensional (1D) modelling framework is currently in use to evaluate reservoir operation alternatives and to simulate drift of dispersing free embryos for different flow regimes and reservoir stages. This paper presents the results of a large‐scale tracer experiment conducted in 2016 and associated modelling performed to evaluate flow management scenarios that might aid species recovery. Breakthrough curves from the tracer experiment were used to infer the 1D longitudinal dispersion coefficient from a parameter optimization procedure. Simulations generated using the calibrated 1D advection–dispersion model were compared with field observations of the passive tracer and with larval fish collected during a previous experiment in 2007. When used with the appropriate range of dispersion coefficients, the 1D modelling framework agrees well with the available direct measurements of larval drift distances. Although we cannot unequivocally state whether insufficient length of free‐flowing river alone is causing recruitment failure, given the current thermal regime and our understanding of pallid sturgeon development, the time required for pallid sturgeon to transition to the benthos and initiate feeding might exceed the duration of drift available given constraints of reservoir operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3371","usgsCitation":"Erwin, S.O., Bulliner, E.A., Fischenich, C.J., Jacobson, R.B., Braaten, P., and Delonay, A.J., 2018, Evaluating flow management as a strategy to recover an endangered sturgeon species in the Upper Missouri River, USA: River Research and Applications, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1254-1266, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3371.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1254","endPage":"1266","ipdsId":"IP-098090","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Upper Missouri River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.161376953125,\n 47.864773955792245\n ],\n [\n -102.733154296875,\n 47.864773955792245\n ],\n [\n -102.733154296875,\n 48.246625590713826\n ],\n [\n -104.161376953125,\n 48.246625590713826\n ],\n [\n -104.161376953125,\n 47.864773955792245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, Susannah O. 0000-0002-2799-0118 serwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-0118","contributorId":5183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Susannah","email":"serwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bulliner, Edward A. 0000-0002-2774-9295 ebulliner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-9295","contributorId":4983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bulliner","given":"Edward","email":"ebulliner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischenich, Craig J","contributorId":176226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischenich","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braaten, Patrick 0000-0003-3362-420X pbraaten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-420X","contributorId":152682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"Patrick","email":"pbraaten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202164,"text":"70202164 - 2018 - Probabilistic substrate classification with multispectral acoustic backscatter: A comparison of discriminative and generative models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T11:09:23","indexId":"70202164","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-30T11:09:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1816,"text":"Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic substrate classification with multispectral acoustic backscatter: A comparison of discriminative and generative models","docAbstract":"We propose a probabilistic graphical model for discriminative substrate characterization, to support geological and biological habitat mapping in aquatic environments. The model, called a fully-connected conditional random field (CRF), is demonstrated using multispectral and monospectral acoustic backscatter from heterogeneous seafloors in Patricia Bay, British Columbia, and Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia. Unlike previously proposed discriminative algorithms, the CRF model considers both the relative backscatter magnitudes of different substrates and their relative proximities. The model therefore combines the statistical flexibility of a machine learning algorithm with an inherently spatial treatment of the substrate. The CRF model predicts substrates such that nearby locations with similar backscattering characteristics are likely to be in the same substrate class. The degree of allowable proximity and backscatter similarity are controlled by parameters that are learned from the data. CRF model results were evaluated against a popular generative model known as a Gaussian Mixture model (GMM) that doesn’t include spatial dependencies, only covariance between substrate backscattering response over different frequencies. Both models are used in conjunction with sparse bed observations/samples in a supervised classification. A detailed accuracy assessment, including a leave-one-out cross-validation analysis, was performed using both models. Using multispectral backscatter, the GMM model trained on 50% of the bed observations resulted in a 75% and 89% average accuracies in Patricia Bay and Bedford Basin, respectively. The same metrics for the CRF model were 78% and 95%. Further, the CRF model resulted in a 91% mean cross-validation accuracy across four substrate classes at Patricia Bay, and a 99.5% mean accuracy across three substrate classes at Bedford Basin, which suggest that the CRF model generalizes extremely well to new data. This analysis also showed that the CRF model was much less sensitive to the specific number and locations of bed observations than the generative model, owing to its ability to incorporate spatial autocorrelation in substrates. The CRF therefore may prove to be a powerful ‘spatially aware’ alternative to other discriminative classifiers.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/geosciences8110395","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., and Grams, P.E., 2018, Probabilistic substrate classification with multispectral acoustic backscatter: A comparison of discriminative and generative models: Geosciences, v. 8, no. 11, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110395.","productDescription":"Article 395; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-095788","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110395","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206274,"text":"70206274 - 2018 - Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-29T08:13:31","indexId":"70206274","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-29T08:12:27","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5153,"text":"The American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances","docAbstract":"Extreme flood events can substantially affect riverine systems, modifying instream habitat and influencing fish assemblages and densities. Rare species are especially vulnerable to these disturbance events because of their small population size and often reduced phenotypic heterogeneity. In June 2016 the lower Elk River in West Virginia experienced severe flooding, resulting in a peak discharge that exceeded the 0.005 annual exceedance probability (>200 y flood) in the main stem. We obtained pre-flood and postflood population count data and estimated abundances for one cohort of the federally endangered Diamond Darter (Crystallaria cincotta) at 15 sites. While both the total count data and total estimated abundance decreased following the flood, our analyses did not indicate the extreme flood event strongly impacted Diamond Darter abundance. This indicates individuals are able to withstand high velocities and resist displacement or mortality. In addition site-level abundances were estimated at three sentinel sites during 2015 and 2016 using a multinomial N-mixture model that accounted for variation in detectability resulting from water temperature. Mean estimated abundance varied among the three sites and between the 2 y. Our results suggest there is substantial variation in year-class strength between the two cohorts we sampled. It is suggested that survey efforts at established sentinel sites be continued on an annual basis in order to help determine factors influencing year-class strength.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States Department of Agriculture","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-180.1.108","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., 2018, Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances: The American Midland Naturalist, v. 180, p. 108-118, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-180.1.108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-088254","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":774050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200657,"text":"70200657 - 2018 - Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T14:09:21","indexId":"70200657","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T16:35:43","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","docAbstract":"In the Anthropocene, watershed chemical transport is increasingly dominated by novel combinations of elements, which are hydrologically linked together as ‘chemical cocktails.’ Chemical cocktails are novel because human activities greatly enhance elemental concentrations and their probability for biogeochemical interactions and shared transport along hydrologic flowpaths. A new chemical cocktail approach advances our ability to: trace contaminant mixtures in watersheds, develop chemical proxies with high-resolution sensor data, and manage multiple water quality problems. We explore the following questions: (1) Can we classify elemental transport in watersheds as chemical cocktails using a new approach? (2) What is the role of climate and land use in enhancing the formation and transport of chemical cocktails in watersheds? To address these questions, we first analyze trends in concentrations of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts in fresh waters over 100 years. Next, we explore how climate and land use enhance the probability of formation of chemical cocktails of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts. Ultimately, we classify transport of chemical cocktails based on solubility, mobility, reactivity, and dominant phases: (1) sieved chemical cocktails (e.g., particulate forms of nutrients, metals and organic matter); (2) filtered chemical cocktails (e.g., dissolved organic matter and associated metal complexes); (3) chromatographic chemical cocktails (e.g., ions eluted from soil exchange sites); and (4) reactive chemical cocktails (e.g., limiting nutrients and redox sensitive elements). Typically, contaminants are regulated and managed one element at a time, even though combinations of elements interact to influence many water quality problems such as toxicity to life, eutrophication, infrastructure corrosion, and water treatment. A chemical cocktail approach significantly expands evaluations of water quality signatures and impacts beyond single elements to mixtures. High-frequency sensor data (pH, specific conductance, turbidity, etc.) can serve as proxies for chemical cocktails and improve real-time analyses of water quality violations, identify regulatory needs, and track water quality recovery following storms and extreme climate events. Ultimately, a watershed chemical cocktail approach is necessary for effectively co-managing groups of contaminants and provides a more holistic approach for studying, monitoring, and managing water quality in the Anthropocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6","usgsCitation":"Kaushal, S., Gold, A.J., Bernal, S., Newcomer Johnson, T., Addy, K., Burgin, A., Burns, D., Coble, A.A., Hood, E.W., Lu, Y., Mayer, P., Minor, E.C., Schroth, A.W., Vidon, P., Wilson, H.F., Xenopolous, M.A., Doody, T., Galella, J.G., Goodling, P., Haviland, K., Haq, S., Wessel, B., Wood, K.L., Jaworski, N., and Belt, K., 2018, Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters: Biogeochemistry, v. 141, no. 3, p. 281-305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"305","ipdsId":"IP-093496","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/407","text":"External 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Susana","contributorId":210126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernal","given":"Susana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38075,"text":"Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes, Girona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newcomer Johnson, Tammy A.","contributorId":210127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newcomer Johnson","given":"Tammy A.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Addy, Kelly","contributorId":210128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Addy","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38076,"text":"Univ of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burgin, 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5860,"text":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dirty dozen ways to die: Metrics and modifiers of mortality driven by drought and warming for a tree species","docAbstract":"Tree mortality events driven by drought and warmer temperature, often amplified by pests and pathogens, are emerging as one of the predominant climate change impacts on plants. Understanding and predicting widespread tree mortality events in the future is vital as they affect ecosystem goods and services provided by forests and woodlands, including carbon storage needed to help offset warming. Additionally, if extensive enough, tree die-off events can influence not only local climate but also climate and vegetation elsewhere via ecoclimate teleconnections. Consequently, recent efforts have focused on improving predictions of tree mortality. One of the most commercially important genera of trees is Pinus, and the most studied species globally for drought-induced tree mortality is piñon pine, Pinus edulis. Numerous metrics have been developed in association with predicting mortality thresholds or variations in mortality for this species. In this article, we compiled metrics associated with drought and warming related mortality that were developed for P. edulis or for which P. edulis was a key example species used in a calculation or prediction. We grouped these metrics into three categories: (i) those related to simple climate variables, (ii) those related to physiological responses, and (iii) those that require multi-step calculations or modeling using climate, ecohydrological, and/or ecophysiological data; and we identified the spatial-temporal scale of each of these metrics. We also compiled factors shown to modify rates or sensitivities of mortality. The metrics to predict mortality include empirical ones which often have implicit linkages to expected mechanisms, and more mechanistic ones related to physiological drivers. The metrics for P. edulis have similarities with those available for other species of Pinus. Expected future mortality events will provide an opportunity to observationally and experimentally test and compare these metrics related to tree mortality for P. edulis via near-term ecological forecasting. The metrics for P. edulis may also be useful as potential analogs for other genera. Improving predictions of tree mortality for this species and others will be increasingly important as an aid to move toward anticipatory management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2018.00004","usgsCitation":"Breshears, D.D., Carroll, C.J., Redmond, M.D., Wion, A.P., Allen, C.D., Cobb, N.S., Meneses, N., Field, J.P., Wilson, L.A., Law, D., McCabe, L.M., and Newell-Bauer, O., 2018, A dirty dozen ways to die: Metrics and modifiers of mortality driven by drought and warming for a tree species: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, v. 1, 4, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2018.00004.","productDescription":"4, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099758","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2018.00004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carroll, Charles J. W.","contributorId":187575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redmond, Miranda D.","contributorId":256888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redmond","given":"Miranda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":51890,"text":"Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wion, Andreas P.","contributorId":256899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wion","given":"Andreas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":51890,"text":"Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cobb, Neil S.","contributorId":200776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cobb","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meneses, Nashelly","contributorId":265576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meneses","given":"Nashelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Field, Jason P.","contributorId":216389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":39400,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Luke A.","contributorId":265577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":98627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Darin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McCabe, Lindsie M.","contributorId":265578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Lindsie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Newell-Bauer, Olivia","contributorId":265579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell-Bauer","given":"Olivia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70217042,"text":"70217042 - 2018 - Estimating the probability of movement and partitioning seasonal survival in an amphibian metapopulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T13:43:18.171874","indexId":"70217042","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T07:38:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the probability of movement and partitioning seasonal survival in an amphibian metapopulation","docAbstract":"Movement of individuals has been described as one of the best studied, but least understood concepts in ecology. The magnitude of movements, routes, and probability of movement have significant application to conservation. Information about movement can inform efforts to model species persistence and is particularly applicable in situations where specific threats (e.g., disease) may depend on the movement of hosts and potential vectors. We estimated the probability of movement (breeding dispersal and permanent emigration) in a metapopulation of 16 breeding sites for boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreasboreas). We used a multi‐state mark–recapture approach unique in its complexity (16 sites over 18 yr) to address questions related to these movements and variation in resident survival. We found that individuals had a 1–2% probability of dispersing in a particular year and that approximately 10–20% of marked individuals were transient and observed in the metapopulation only once. Resident survival probabilities differed by season, with 71–90% survival from emergence from hibernation through early post‐breeding and >97% survival from mid‐/late active season through hibernation. Movement‐related probabilities are needed to predict species range expansions and contractions, estimate population and metapopulation dynamics, understand host–pathogen and native–invasive species interactions, and to evaluate the relative effects of proposed management actions.
1.Better understanding human‐wildlife interactions and their links with management can help improve the design of wildlife protection zones. One example is the problem of wildlife collisions with vehicles or human‐built structures (e.g. power lines, wind farms). In fact, collisions between marine wildlife and watercraft are among the major threats faced by several endangered species of marine mammals. Natural resource managers are therefore interested in finding cost‐effective solutions to mitigate these threats.
2.We combined abundance estimators with encounter rate theory to estimate relative lethal collision risk of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from watercraft. We first modeled seasonal abundance of watercraft and manatees using a Bayesian analysis of aerial survey count data. We then modeled relative lethal collision risk in space and across seasons. Finally, we applied decision analysis and Linear Integer Programming to determine the optimal design of speed zones in terms of relative risk to manatees and costs to waterway users. We used a Pareto efficient frontier approach to evaluate the performance of alternative zones, which included additional practical considerations (e.g. spatial aggregation of speed zones) in relation to the optimal zone configurations.
3.Under the various relationships for probability of death given strike speed that we considered, the current speed zones reduced the relative lethal collision risk by an average of 51.5% to 70% compared to the scenario in which all speed regulations were removed (i.e. the no‐protection scenario). We identified optimal zones and near‐optimal zones with additional management considerations that improved upon the current zones in terms of cost or relative risk.
4.Policy Implications: Our analytical framework combines encounter rate theory and decision analysis to quantify the effectiveness of speed zones protecting manatees while accounting for uncertainty. Our approach can be used to optimize the design of protection zones intended to reduce conflicts between human waterborne activity and marine mammals. This framework could be extended to address many other problems of human‐wildlife interactions, such as the optimal placement of wind farms to minimize collisions with wildlife or the optimal allocation of ranger effort to mitigate poaching threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.13290","usgsCitation":"Udell, B., Martin, J., Fletcher, R., Bonneau, M., Edwards, H.H., Gowan, T., Hardy, S.K., Gurarie, E., Calleson, C., and Deutsch, C., 2018, Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 56, no. 5, p. 1050-1062, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13290.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1050","endPage":"1062","ipdsId":"IP-084422","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bee93e4e4b08f163c24a1b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udell, B.J.","contributorId":210251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Udell","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, R.J.","contributorId":210252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonneau, Mathieu","contributorId":150041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonneau","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Holly H.","contributorId":66419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gowan, T.","contributorId":210253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardy, Stacie K.","contributorId":210254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":210255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38092,"text":"UMD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Calleson, C.S.","contributorId":210257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calleson","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deutsch, C.J.","contributorId":210256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}