Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting, reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort (in terms of policy, economic investment, and spatial extent) needed to afford measurable change. These large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation, compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change or wildfire. Functionally, large river and basin management require insights gained from social, ecological, geophysical, and hydrological sciences. This multi-disciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variable environmental conditions that are often influenced by human activities. Large rivers and their basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and precipitation. Because of these factors, the state of knowledge must advance to address changing conditions. The Willamette River, in western Oregon, USA, is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent decades. Innovative science has facilitated development of fine-scale, spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river network. This prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological improvement. Here, we review hydrologic, geomorphic, ecologic, and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement, river development, and contemporary periods—and offer a future vision for consideration. Currently, detailed information about fish populations and habitat, hydrologic conditions, geomorphology, water quality, and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection, rehabilitation, and development. The time is ripe for strategic management and goal development for the entire Willamette River, and these efforts can be informed by comprehensive science realized through established institutions (e.g., public agencies, non-profit watershed groups, Tribes, and universities) focused on conservation and management. The approaches to science and social-network creation that were pioneered in the Willamette River basin offer insights into the development of comprehensive conservation-based planning that could be implemented in other large river systems globally.
Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
Rewetting of dry soils usually stimulates soil carbon (C) emission, a phenomenon known as the Birch effect. Soil C cycling in drylands, which store approximately one third of terrestrial soil organic C (SOC), is strongly affected by wetting–drying cycles. However, the physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms that link rewetting cycles with dryland soil C cycling have not been comprehensively studied, nor do we understand how these mechanisms interact with each other. Here, we conducted a dryland soil incubation experiment manipulating four factors related to global change (soil moisture content, soil moisture variability, C availability, and prior warming) in a factorial design. The experiment was divided into two periods: a rewetting period consisting of six 14-d wetting–drying cycles; and a recovery period lasting 28 days during which soil moisture content was held stable, allowing for examination of the legacy effects of the wet-dry cycles. Rewetting cycles decreased soil aggregate stability under some conditions, but their effects on soil microbial biomass and fungal communities, soil enzyme activities, soil priming, and soil dissolved C were not significant. We found lower average soil respiration under the wetting–drying treatment than the stable soil moisture treatment, and Birch effects were observed, but only under some conditions. This was probably because moisture variability exacerbated soil microbial metabolic stress, which showed itself as oxygen limitation during the initial precipitation pulse and as water limitation during soil drying. Notably, respiration rates remained low even after moisture fluctuations ceased, suggesting a legacy effect of rewetting cycles on dryland microbial communities. Overall, rewetting inhibited aggregate formation (physical mechanism), and suppressed soil respiration by inducing soil microbial metabolic stress (biological mechanism), ultimately leading to lower soil C loss under rewetting. Our findings indicate that Birch effects are mediated by the magnitude of moisture variability, the availability of C, and the degree of physiological stress microbes experience.
Limitations and utility of three measures of water use characteristics were evaluated: water use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic WUE and marginal water cost of carbon gain (aE/aA) estimated, respectively, as ratios of assimilation (A) to transpiration (E), of A to stomatal conductance (gs) and of sensitivities of E and A with variation in gs. Only the measure aE/aA estimates water use strategy in a way that integrates carbon gain relative to water use under varying environmental conditions across scales from leaves to communities. This insight provides updated and simplified ways of estimating aE/aA and adds depth to understanding ways that plants balance water expenditure against carbon gain, uniquely providing a mechanistic means of predicting water use characteristics under changing environmental scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/nph.19308","usgsCitation":"Liang, J., Krauss, K., Finnigan, J., Stuart-Williams, H., Farquhar, G.D., and Ball, M.C., 2023, Linking water use efficiency with water use strategy from leaves to communities: New Phytologist, v. 240, no. 5, p. 1735-1742, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19308.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1735","endPage":"1742","ipdsId":"IP-141421","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"240","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, Jie","contributorId":331223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79164,"text":"Research School of Biology, Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":219804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finnigan, John","contributorId":331224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finnigan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79164,"text":"Research School of Biology, Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stuart-Williams, Hilary","contributorId":331225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuart-Williams","given":"Hilary","affiliations":[{"id":79164,"text":"Research School of Biology, Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farquhar, Graham D.","contributorId":331226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farquhar","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":79164,"text":"Research School of Biology, Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ball, Marilyn C.","contributorId":298613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ball","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38167,"text":"The Australian National University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70254456,"text":"70254456 - 2023 - Mortality thresholds of juvenile trees to drought and heatwaves: Implications for forest regeneration across a landscape gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-28T11:43:30.086705","indexId":"70254456","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-12T06:41:38","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5860,"text":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality thresholds of juvenile trees to drought and heatwaves: Implications for forest regeneration across a landscape gradient","docAbstract":"Tree loss is increasing rapidly due to drought- and heat-related mortality and intensifying fire activity. Consequently, the fate of many forests depends on the ability of juvenile trees to withstand heightened climate and disturbance anomalies. Extreme climatic events, such as droughts and heatwaves, are increasing in frequency and severity, and trees in mountainous regions must contend with these landscape-level climate episodes. Recent research focuses on how mortality of individual tree species may be driven by drought and heatwaves, but how juvenile mortality under these conditions would vary among species spanning an elevational gradient—given concurrent variation in climate, ecohydrology, and physiology–remains unclear. We address this knowledge gap by implementing a growth chamber study, imposing extreme drought with and without a compounding heatwave, for juveniles of five species that span a forested life zones in the Southwestern United States. Overall, the length of a progressive drought required to trigger mortality differed by up to 20 weeks among species. Inclusion of a heatwave hastened mean time to mortality for all species by about 1 week. Lower-elevation species that grow in warmer ambient conditions died earlier (Pinus ponderosa in 10 weeks, Pinus edulis in 14 weeks) than did higher-elevation species from cooler ambient conditions (Picea engelmannii and Pseudotsuga menziesii in 19 weeks, and Pinus flexilis in 30 weeks). When exposed to a heatwave in conjunction with drought, mortality advanced significantly only for species from cooler ambient conditions (Pinus flexilis: 2.7 weeks earlier; Pseudotsuga menziesii: 2.0 weeks earlier). Cooler ambient temperatures may have buffered against moisture loss during drought, resulting in longer survival of higher-elevation species despite expected drought tolerance of lower-elevation species due to tree physiology. Our study suggests that droughts will play a leading role in juvenile tree mortality and will most directly impact species at warmer climate thresholds, with heatwaves in tandem with drought potentially exacerbating mortality especially of high elevation species. These responses are relevant for assessing the potential success of both natural and managed reforestation, as differential juvenile survival following episodic extreme events will determine future landscape-scale vegetation trajectories under changing climate.
The segment of the Upper Missouri River between Fort Peck Dam and the headwaters of Lake Sakakawea is home to a population of the endangered Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon). Lack of population growth (recruitment failure) has been attributed to inadequate dispersal distance of larvae between spawning locations and the headwaters of Lake Sakakawea, where conventional wisdom holds that anoxic water-quality conditions are lethal to larval sturgeon. River-management objectives to recover pallid sturgeon in this segment therefore focus on increasing available drift distance, decreasing drift rate, increasing larval development rate, or a combination of these objectives. Understanding of channel morphological conditions along this about 400-kilometer segment may provide insight into upstream spawning habitat potential (where sturgeon likely spawn) and into geomorphic factors that may contribute to flow complexity, hence drift rate. This report documents a continuous geomorphic classification of the Fort Peck segment of the Upper Missouri River using remotely sensed datasets to provide contextual information about spatial variations potentially affecting pallid sturgeon reproductive ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Program","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Elliott, C.M., and Bulliner, E., 2023, Geomorphic classification framework for assessing reproductive ecology of Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon), Fort Peck segment, Upper Missouri River, Montana and North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5109, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235109.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-155746","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421828,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92HVKT3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geomorphic variables for classification of the Upper Missouri River, Montana and North Dakota"},{"id":421829,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235109/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":421827,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5109/images/"},{"id":421824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5109/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5109/sir20235109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5109"},{"id":421826,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5109/sir20235109.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck segment, Upper Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.31605153925373,\n 48.4037537878354\n ],\n [\n -106.52859788507773,\n 48.4037537878354\n ],\n [\n -106.60549394122786,\n 47.047516337061694\n ],\n [\n -103.30750753301488,\n 47.08228719733623\n ],\n [\n -103.31605153925373,\n 48.4037537878354\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Anadromous fish returning to the lower American River are restricted to 36 kilometers of free-flowing river between Nimbus Dam and American River’s confluence with the Sacramento River, California. Salmon in the American River provide an important freshwater recreational fishery. However, annual salmon production in the American River in recent years has been low relative to the mid-1990s (Surface Water Resources, Inc., 2001). To investigate the low production of fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), the Bureau of Reclamation requested that the U.S. Geological Survey apply the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) model to the population of fall-run Chinook salmon on the American River.
The American River was chosen among seven candidate Sacramento Basin rivers for S3 application. The American River was selected because of its management and public interest, recently low anadromous fish production, and rich time series of key demographic data needed for S3 application. Data that were not available, however, were empirical estimates on juvenile salmon habitat suitability in the American River. Therefore, a large component of applying S3 to the American River was devoted to the estimation of juvenile salmon habitat suitability and capacity. This entailed snorkeling the lower American River for 3 weeks in March 2021 during the early out-migration period for juvenile Chinook salmon. These efforts were fruitful and showed that the typically small fish (<55 millimeters) in the American River preferred much shallower depths than predicted by habitat suitability criteria derived from the literature for this population. Having empirical estimates on juvenile salmon in the American River provided a solid foundation from which to simulate the population using the S3 model.
The S3 model is a spatially explicit population model that runs on a daily time step to simulate redd superimposition, egg maturation, fry emergence and the subsequent growth, survival, and emigration of juvenile Chinook salmon from the river. The key features of this model relevant to this report include (1) a temperature-dependent bioenergetics model driving daily growth rates; (2) density-dependent dynamics that are influenced by the effect of flow on suitable habitat area; and (3) within-year habitat, river flow, and water temperature effects specific to spawning, egg incubation, and fry, parr, and smolt life stages. We used estimates of spawning escapement and geo-referenced redd locations to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of female spawners for brood years 2014–19. These estimates of female spawners initiate the simulation of each year’s juvenile salmon emergence and emigration over a spatial domain extending from Nimbus Dam to the river’s confluence with the Sacramento River.
Using weekly estimates of juvenile salmon abundance and size (fork length) that passed the Watt Avenue fish trap (river kilometer 14.7), we calibrated the S3 model by estimating three key demographic parameters for each year, y: (1) Sy, the average daily survival probability, (2) M0y, the intercept for density-dependence in movement, representing the average daily probability of remaining in a habitat at zero abundance, and (3) Cy, the average daily proportion of maximum consumption. These parameters were obtained by minimizing the Mallow’s distance (Lupu and others, 2017) between distributions of weekly abundances and sizes of fish at the traps and weekly simulated abundances and sizes (by S3). Investigation of model fit showed excellent agreement between simulated annual abundances and the abundance of fish passing the fish trap. However, when we compared weekly abundances at the fish trap, S3 under-predicted peaks and over-predicted troughs in the time series of weekly abundances at the fish trap. Thus, some unknown within-year effects have yet to be identified and incorporated in the S3 model. Identifying these important effects and incorporating them in the S3 model would help explain the lack of fit between estimated and simulated weekly abundances.
We estimated parameters for 6 years that included a wide range of female spawner abundances (3,057–10,753) and water year types (Critical–Wet). We contrast our estimated parameters to the corresponding number of female spawners and the water year type for the Sacramento Valley. By happenstance, years having higher annual spawner abundances concurred with Critical to Dry water year types. Estimates of survival trended lower with higher spawner abundances and Critical to Dry conditions. In contrast, the extremely wet water year of 2017 had the lowest M0y, suggesting less density-dependence in fish movement, and the lowest Cy, suggesting lower average consumption in this year. When this high-flow year was excluded, a trend towards higher probabilities of fish remaining in a habitat at low abundance and lower proportions of maximum consumption was apparent from Critical to Wet conditions, but only 5 years of data were included. Except for 2017, daily proportions of maximum consumption were relatively high (Cy > 0.83), suggesting that fish were feeding at reasonably high proportions relative to the expected maximum consumption as defined by the “Wisconsin” bioenergetics model (Stewart and Ibarra, 1991).
Survival estimates from fry emergence to outmigration at the Sacramento River confluence were generally low when integrated over time. The highest daily survival probability was Sy = 0.93 in 2019, or 50 percent total mortality after 10 days. In contrast, our lowest daily survival probability was Sy = 0.74 in 2015, or 95 percent total mortality after 10 days. Consequently, even our highest estimated daily survival probability might be considered low. This is especially true given that Sy was estimated over a relatively short distance (<14.7 kilometers) from emergence to the Watt Avenue fish trap. Several factors, including our assumed and relatively high daily egg survival rate of 0.9975, could influence juvenile survival estimates. For example, an egg survival rate of 0.9975 results in 3-percent total mortality after 10 days. Egg mortality estimates used in S3 calibration were approximated from egg survivorship studies in the Yakima River, Washington (Johnson and others, 2012), and remains one of the greater uncertainties in S3 when estimating survival across life stages. By including bona fide estimates of egg survival in S3 simulations, the validity of the S3’s current daily egg survival rate could be assessed specifically for the American River. Tagging studies also could provide S3 with direct estimates of juvenile survival and movement; survival during egg incubation then could be estimated indirectly via model fitting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., Perry, R.W., Hatton, T.W., Smith, C.D., and Hannon, J.M., 2023, Application of the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) model to assess fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production in the American River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1060, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231060.","productDescription":"ix, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-141661","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421858,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/ofr20231060.XML"},{"id":421857,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/images"},{"id":421856,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231060/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1060"},{"id":421855,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/ofr20231060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1060"},{"id":421854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"American River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5064051133351,\n 38.727216763718815\n ],\n [\n -121.5064051133351,\n 38.523370433079805\n ],\n [\n -121.11639046489739,\n 38.523370433079805\n ],\n [\n -121.11639046489739,\n 38.727216763718815\n ],\n [\n -121.5064051133351,\n 38.727216763718815\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Efforts to incorporate bioavailability adjustments into regulatory water quality criteria in the United States have included four major procedures: hardness-based single-linear regression equations, water-effect ratios (WERs), biotic ligand models (BLMs), and multiple-linear regression models (MLRs) that use dissolved organic carbon, hardness, and pH. The performance of each with copper (Cu) is evaluated, emphasizing the relative performance of hardness-based versus MLR-based criteria equations. The WER approach was shown to be inherently highly biased. The hardness-based model is in widest use, and the MLR approach is the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) present recommended approach for developing aquatic life criteria for metals. The performance of criteria versions was evaluated with numerous toxicity datasets that were independent of those used to develop the MLR models, including olfactory and behavioral toxicity, and field and ecosystem studies. Within the range of water conditions used to develop the Cu MLR criteria equations, the MLR performed well in terms of predicting toxicity and protecting sensitive species and ecosystems. In soft waters, the MLR outperformed both the BLM and hardness models. In atypical waters with pH <5.5 or >9, neither the MLR nor BLM predictions were reliable, suggesting that site-specific testing would be needed to determine reliable Cu criteria for such settings. The hardness-based criteria performed poorly with all toxicity datasets, showing no or weak ability to predict observed toxicity. In natural waters, MLR and BLM criteria versions were strongly correlated. In contrast, the hardness-criteria version was often out of phase with the MLR and, depending on waterbody and season, could be either strongly overprotective or underprotective. The MLR-based USEPA-style chronic criterion appears to be more generally protective of ecosystems than other models.
Non-invasive methods are important to the field of conservation physiology to reduce negative effects on organisms being studied. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are often used to assess health of individuals, but collection methods can be invasive. Many amphibians are imperiled worldwide, and saliva is a non- or semi-invasive matrix to measure GCs that has been partially validated for only four amphibian species. Validation ensures that assays are reliable and can detect changes in saliva corticosterone (sCORT) after exposure to stressors, but it is also necessary to ensure sCORT concentrations are correlated with plasma concentrations. To help validate the use of saliva in assessing CORT responses in amphibians, we captured uniquely marked Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) on sequential days and collected baseline and stress-induced (after handling) samples. For a subset of individuals, we collected and quantified CORT in both saliva and blood samples, which have not been compared for amphibians. We tested several aspects of CORT responses and, by collecting across separate days, measured repeatability of CORT responses across days. We also evaluated whether methods common to amphibian conservation, such as handling alone or handling, clipping a toe and tagging elevated sCORT. Similar to previous studies, we show that sCORT is reliable concerning parallelism, recovery, precision and sensitivity. sCORT was weakly correlated with plasma CORT (R2 = 0.21), and we detected elevations in sCORT after handling, demonstrating biological validation. Toe clipping and tagging did not increase sCORT over handling alone, but repeated handling elevated sCORT for ~72 hours. However, sCORT responses were highly variable and repeatability was low within individuals and among capture sessions, contrary to previous studies with urinary and waterborne CORT. sCORT is a semi-invasive and rapid technique that could be useful to assess effects of anthropogenic change and conservation efforts, but will require careful study design and future validation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coad078","usgsCitation":"Tornabene, B.J., Hossack, B., and Breuner, C.W., 2023, Assay validation of saliva glucocorticoids in Columbia spotted frogs and effects of handling and marking: Conservation Physiology Toolbox, v. 11, no. 1, coad078, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad078.","productDescription":"coad078, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152516","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tornabene, Brian J. 0000-0002-2348-3119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-3119","contributorId":303977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breuner, Creagh W.","contributorId":331253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breuner","given":"Creagh","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70249786,"text":"70249786 - 2023 - Combining resilience and resistance with threat-based approaches for prioritizing management actions in sagebrush ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T17:40:10.691627","indexId":"70249786","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-10T07:06:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining resilience and resistance with threat-based approaches for prioritizing management actions in sagebrush ecosystems","docAbstract":"The sagebrush biome is a dryland region in the western United States experiencing rapid transformations to novel ecological states. Threat-based approaches for managing anthropogenic and ecosystem threats have recently become prominent, but successfully mitigating threats depends on the ecological resilience of ecosystems. We used a spatially explicit approach for prioritizing management actions that combined a threat-based model with models of resilience to disturbance and resistance to annual grass invasion. The threat-based model assessed geographic patterns in sagebrush ecological integrity (SEI) to identify core sagebrush, growth opportunity, and other rangeland areas. The resilience and resistance model identified ecologically relevant climate and soil water availability indicators from process-based ecohydrological models. The SEI areas and resilience and resistance indicators were consistent—the resilience and resistance indicators showed generally positive relationships with the SEI areas. They also were complementary—SEI areas provided information on intact sagebrush areas and threats, while resilience and resistance provided information on responses to disturbances and management actions. The SEI index and resilience and resistance indicators provide the basis for prioritizing conservation and restoration actions and determining appropriate strategies. The difficulty and time required to conserve or restore SEI areas increase as threats increases and resilience and resistance decrease.
High juvenile mortality prevents recruitment into the adult populations of endangered Shortnose Sucker Chasmistes brevirostris and Lost River Sucker Deltistes luxatus in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. To address the lack of recruitment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service implemented the Sucker Assisted Rearing Program (SARP). Managers developing the rearing program lack information about how length at release relates to survival. To determine how initial length affects survival of captively reared juvenile suckers, we introduced juvenile suckers from the SARP into three net-pens in Upper Klamath Lake.
The juvenile suckers ranged from 102 to 284 mm standard length, and each fish was tagged with a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. Fish were monitored continuously by PIT antennas and mortality was inferred when movements ceased.
Estimated survival over 57 days was high in all net-pens (0.79–1.00) and remained high at two net-pens for 76 and 86 days. Adjusted survival curves resulting from a stratified Cox model with standard length as a covariate, indicated that length positively influenced predicted survival by as much as 41% at one site. During the study, pH and dissolved oxygen regularly exceeded no-effect thresholds at two sites and briefly reached lethal thresholds at the same two sites but did not coincide with the observed mortalities. Slower growth and the lowest survival were observed at the third site, where water quality never exceeded thresholds.
A larger release size and the location of the net-pen can improve the survivability of juvenile suckers in net-pens in Upper Klamath Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10933","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, J.M., Burdick, S.M., Krause, J.R., and Harris, A., 2023, Does release size into net-pens affect survival of captively reared juvenile endangered suckers in Upper Klamath Lake?: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1322-1336, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10933.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1322","endPage":"1336","ipdsId":"IP-144776","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JE15XZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Detections, Physical Captures, Water Quality, and Fish Health associated with Endangered Suckers in Three Net Pens in Upper Klamath Lake, 2020"},{"id":421902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2589402064643,\n 42.721377871574475\n ],\n [\n -122.2589402064643,\n 42.11308416751328\n ],\n [\n -121.54757546037055,\n 42.11308416751328\n ],\n [\n -121.54757546037055,\n 42.721377871574475\n ],\n [\n -122.2589402064643,\n 42.721377871574475\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, John Michael 0000-0002-3210-2226","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3210-2226","contributorId":328462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krause, Jacob Richard 0000-0002-9804-2481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-2481","contributorId":300701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, Alta C. 0000-0002-2123-3028 aharris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-3028","contributorId":3490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Alta C.","email":"aharris@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263689,"text":"70263689 - 2023 - Influences of landscape composition on hunter-harvested mallard body mass and condition in eastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-20T15:27:07.492566","indexId":"70263689","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16872,"text":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of landscape composition on hunter-harvested mallard body mass and condition in eastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"Waterfowl with more body mass and a greater body condition during the non-breeding season are thought to be more likely to survive and have increased productivity during the following breeding season. Body mass and body condition in waterfowl should reflect the resources available to them locally. We analyzed the relationship of landscape composition on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) body mass and body condition (mass-wing length index) among age and sex groups. We calculated these variables from hunter-harvested mallards during the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 duck hunting seasons in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas, USA. We used linear mixed-effects models to analyze changes in body mass and body condition with changes in the percent landscape composition of water cover, woody wetlands, herbaceous wetlands, rice, soybeans, and disturbance. We found that body mass and condition of harvested mallards were positively associated with greater proportions of water cover and woody wetlands but negatively associated with greater proportions of herbaceous wetlands and human disturbance from human infrastructure. Management actions focused on providing flooded and woody wetland areas on the landscape that allow waterfowl to access food resources, while decreasing the disturbance around wetlands in the form of road density and human infrastructure, should increase body mass and body condition in mallards spending the non-breeding season in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22509","usgsCitation":"Veon, J., Krementz, D., Naylor, L., and DeGregorio, B.A., 2023, Influences of landscape composition on hunter-harvested mallard body mass and condition in eastern Arkansas: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 1, e22509, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22509.","productDescription":"e22509, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139908","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"eastern 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\"}}]}","volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veon, John T.","contributorId":351068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veon","given":"John T.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, David G.","contributorId":351069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krementz","given":"David G.","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naylor, Luke W.","contributorId":351070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naylor","given":"Luke W.","affiliations":[{"id":37007,"text":"Arkansas Game and Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeGregorio, Brett Alexander 0000-0002-5273-049X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-049X","contributorId":243214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGregorio","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248045,"text":"70248045 - 2023 - Comparing snowpack meteorological inputs to support regional wet snow avalanche forecasting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T15:42:28.662716","indexId":"70248045","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-08T10:31:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparing snowpack meteorological inputs to support regional wet snow avalanche forecasting","docAbstract":"Wet snow avalanches are predicted to increase in frequency with climate change and are often difficult to forecast. Improving our understanding of wet snow avalanche timing will help with current forecasting challenges. The onset of wet snow avalanching is closely tied to the temporal progression of liquid water flow through the seasonal snowpack. Measuring the flow of water through the snowpack in-situ is difficult due to the spatial variability of snow depth and structure. However, physical snowpack models can potentially simulate this process. The accuracy of snowpack models is heavily dependent upon the quality of the meteorological input data. A thorough investigation of model output differences using several different meteorological inputs for forecasting water movement and wet snow avalanches has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, we evaluate indicators of regional wet snow avalanches produced by the SNOWPACK model using different meteorological input. We compare the accuracy of SNOWPACK modeled outputs driven by two different numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast models: the High-Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS) and the North American Model (NAMnest). We leverage hourly automated weather station data, daily operational avalanche observations along the Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park, Montana, United States, and in-situ snow stratigraphy and wetness profile observations to validate the SNOWPACK modeled outputs. This research is directly applicable to avalanche forecasting operations and future avalanche research as wet snow avalanche timing evolves due to climate change.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, International Snow Science Workshop 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop 2023","conferenceDate":"October 8-13, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Bend, OR","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop","usgsCitation":"Miller, Z., Horton, S., Mitterer, C., and Peitzsch, E.H., 2023, Comparing snowpack meteorological inputs to support regional wet snow avalanche forecasting, in Proceedings, International Snow Science Workshop 2023, Bend, OR, October 8-13, 2023, p. 264-271.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"271","ipdsId":"IP-157003","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/item.php?id=2886","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Going-to-the-Sun Road study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.55234262299646,\n 48.73306362472809\n ],\n [\n -113.74164451916323,\n 48.73306362472809\n ],\n [\n -113.74164451916323,\n 48.642925680389254\n ],\n [\n -113.55234262299646,\n 48.642925680389254\n ],\n [\n -113.55234262299646,\n 48.73306362472809\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Zachary 0000-0002-6876-6710","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-6710","contributorId":214464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Zachary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, Simon 0000-0003-2936-8688","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-8688","contributorId":328885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78515,"text":"Avalanche Canada, Simon Fraser University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitterer, Christoph 0000-0002-2268-8016","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-8016","contributorId":328886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitterer","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78516,"text":"Avalanche Forecasting Service Tyrol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":202576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249583,"text":"70249583 - 2023 - Temporal evolution of slab and weak layer properties during the transition from dry to wet snowpack conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T14:58:26.08698","indexId":"70249583","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-08T09:49:06","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Temporal evolution of slab and weak layer properties during the transition from dry to wet snowpack conditions","docAbstract":"Wet-snow slab avalanches are destructive and may become more prevalent in a warming climate. This type of avalanche remains challenging to forecast because the underlying processes leading to wet-snow slab avalanche release are poorly understood. In this study, we examine the temporal evolution of weak layer and slab liquid water content (LWC), critical cut length, and propagation saw test (PST) results during the season's first critical melt period at our study site in the Madison Mountains of southwest Montana. We used snowpack profiles and in-situ weather station data to initialize and force the 1-D physics-based snow cover model SNOWPACK throughout the winter and spring seasons. We then used a high-resolution numerical weather model to force SNOWPACK simulations to forecast the onset of the transition from dry to wet conditions. From April 10-12, 2023, we conducted 67 PSTs, 1053 LWC measurements, 20 hardness profiles, and a full snow profile each morning and early evening. During the first two days of sampling, we observed a transition from low to high propagation propensity with decreasing cut lengths and increasing LWC. On Day 3, we observed consistently low propagation propensity, even as LWC levels remained elevated and comparable to the preceding period of high propagation propensity. This indicates that there is a point where the relationship we observed through the first two days between increasing LWC, increasing propagation propensity, and decreasing cut length no longer holds. Our results further suggest PST propagation mode may help pinpoint the onset, peak, and decline of wet-snow fracture propagation propensity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, International Snow Science Workshop 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop 2023","conferenceDate":"October 8-13, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Bend, OR","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lipkowitz, J., Peitzsch, E.H., Dixon, J., Kalb, M., McCabe, D., Ditmar, G., and Mitterer, C., 2023, Temporal evolution of slab and weak layer properties during the transition from dry to wet snowpack conditions, in Proceedings, International Snow Science Workshop 2023, Bend, OR, October 8-13, 2023, p. 1374-1381.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1374","endPage":"1381","ipdsId":"IP-156847","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/item.php?id=3063","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Madison Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.445,\n 45.233\n ],\n [\n -111.445,\n 45.23\n ],\n [\n -111.44,\n 45.23\n ],\n [\n -111.44,\n 45.233\n ],\n [\n -111.445,\n 45.233\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipkowitz, Josh","contributorId":330946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipkowitz","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":202576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Jean","contributorId":330947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kalb, Marcus","contributorId":330948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalb","given":"Marcus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79073,"text":"Avalanche Warning Service Tyrol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCabe, Douglas","contributorId":330949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79074,"text":"Yellowstone Club Ski Patrol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ditmar, Griffin","contributorId":330950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ditmar","given":"Griffin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79074,"text":"Yellowstone Club Ski Patrol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mitterer, Christoph 0000-0002-2268-8016","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-8016","contributorId":328886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitterer","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78516,"text":"Avalanche Forecasting Service Tyrol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70257374,"text":"70257374 - 2023 - The effects of landscape and yard features on mammal diversity in residential yards within Northwest Arkansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-21T16:04:27.182758","indexId":"70257374","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-07T08:46:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of landscape and yard features on mammal diversity in residential yards within Northwest Arkansas, USA","docAbstract":"The human footprint is rapidly expanding, and wildlife habitat is continuously being converted to human residential properties. Surviving wildlife that reside in developing areas are displaced to nearby undeveloped areas. However, some animals can co-exist with humans and acquire the necessary resources (food, water, shelter) within the human environment. This ability to coexist may be particularly true when development is low intensity, as in residential suburban yards. Yards are individually managed “greenspaces” that can provide a range of food (e.g., bird feeders, compost, gardens), water (bird baths and garden ponds), and shelter (e.g., brush-piles, outbuildings) resources and are surrounded by varying landscape cover. To evaluate which residential landscape and yard features influence the richness and diversity of mammalian herbivores and mesopredators; we deployed wildlife game cameras throughout Northwestern Arkansas, USA in 46 residential yards in summer 2021 and 96 yards in summer 2022. We found that mesopredator diversity had a negative relationship with fences and was positively influenced by the number of bird feeders present in a yard. Mesopredator richness increased with the amount of forest within 400 m of the camera. Herbivore diversity and richness were positively correlated to the area of forest within 400 m surrounding yard and by garden area within yards, respectively. Our results suggest that while landscape does play a role in the presence of wildlife in a residential area, homeowners also have agency over the richness and diversity of mammals using their yards based on the features they create or maintain on their properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11252-023-01433-w","usgsCitation":"Johansson, E.P., and DeGregorio, B.A., 2023, The effects of landscape and yard features on mammal diversity in residential yards within Northwest Arkansas, USA: Urban Ecosystems, v. 27, p. 275-287, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01433-w.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"287","ipdsId":"IP-150823","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441920,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01433-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433008,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Northwest Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6307373046875,\n 36.50522086338427\n ],\n [\n -94.4549560546875,\n 35.40696093270201\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 35.420391545750746\n ],\n [\n -91.768798828125,\n 36.50522086338427\n ],\n [\n -94.6307373046875,\n 36.50522086338427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johansson, Emily P.","contributorId":342549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johansson","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeGregorio, Brett Alexander 0000-0002-5273-049X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-049X","contributorId":243214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGregorio","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70249450,"text":"70249450 - 2023 - Long-term changes in concentrations and yield of riverine dissolved silicon from the poles to the tropics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-10T10:58:00.067533","indexId":"70249450","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-06T10:56:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term changes in concentrations and yield of riverine dissolved silicon from the poles to the tropics","docAbstract":"Riverine exports of silicon (Si) influence global carbon cycling through the growth of marine diatoms, which account for ∼25% of global primary production. Climate change will likely alter river Si exports in biome-specific ways due to interacting shifts in chemical weathering rates, hydrologic connectivity, and metabolic processes in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Nonetheless, factors driving long-term changes in Si exports remain unexplored at local, regional, and global scales. We evaluated how concentrations and yields of dissolved Si (DSi) changed over the last several decades of rapid climate warming using long-term data sets from 60 rivers and streams spanning the globe (e.g., Antarctic, tropical, temperate, boreal, alpine, Arctic systems). We show that widespread changes in river DSi concentration and yield have occurred, with the most substantial shifts occurring in alpine and polar regions. The magnitude and direction of trends varied within and among biomes, were most strongly associated with differences in land cover, and were often independent of changes in river discharge. These findings indicate that there are likely diverse mechanisms driving change in river Si biogeochemistry that span the land-water interface, which may include glacial melt, changes in terrestrial vegetation, and river productivity. Finally, trends were often stronger in months outside of the growing season, particularly in temperate and boreal systems, demonstrating a potentially important role of shifting seasonality for the flux of Si from rivers. Our results have implications for the timing and magnitude of silica processing in rivers and its delivery to global oceans.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022GB007678","usgsCitation":"Jankowski, K.J., Johnson, K., Sethna, L.R., Julian, P., Wymore, A.S., Shogren, A.J., Thomas, P., Sullivan, P.L., McKnight, D.M., McDowell, W.H., Heindel, R.C., Jones, J.B., Wollheim, W.M., Abbott, B., Deegan, L.A., and Carey, J.C., 2023, Long-term changes in concentrations and yield of riverine dissolved silicon from the poles to the tropics: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 37, no. 9, e2022GB007678, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007678.","productDescription":"e2022GB007678, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148189","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441929,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gb007678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jones, Jeremy B. 0000-0003-3540-1392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-1392","contributorId":330724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":78991,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology & Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wollheim, Wilfred M.","contributorId":139742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Abbott, Benjamin 0000-0001-5861-3481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-3481","contributorId":215170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39191,"text":"Bringham Young Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Deegan, Linda A.","contributorId":34094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deegan","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Carey, Joanna C.","contributorId":177397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70249455,"text":"70249455 - 2023 - High-frequency variability of carbon dioxide fluxes in tidal water over a temperate salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T15:37:32.948139","indexId":"70249455","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-06T10:29:11","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7120,"text":"Limnology & Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency variability of carbon dioxide fluxes in tidal water over a temperate salt marsh","docAbstract":"Existing analyses of salt marsh carbon budgets rarely quantify carbon loss as CO2 through the air–water interface in inundated marshes. This study estimates the variability of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and air–water CO2 fluxes over summer and fall of 2014 and 2015 using high-frequency measurements of tidal water pCO2 in a salt marsh of the U.S. northeast region. Monthly mean CO2 effluxes varied in the range of 5.4–25.6 mmol m−2 marsh d−1 (monthly median: 4.8–24.7 mmol m−2 marsh d−1) during July to November from the tidal creek and tidally-inundated vegetated platform. The source of CO2 effluxes was partitioned between the marsh and estuary using a mixing model. The monthly mean marsh-contributed CO2 effluxes accounted for a dominant portion (69%) of total CO2 effluxes in the inundated marsh, which was 3–23% (mean 13%) of the corresponding lateral flux rate of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from marsh to estuary. Photosynthesis in tidal water substantially reduced the CO2 evasion, accounting for 1–86% (mean 31%) of potential CO2 evasion and 2–26% (mean 11%) of corresponding lateral transport DIC fluxes, indicating the important role of photosynthesis in controlling the air–water CO2 evasion in the inundated salt marsh. This study demonstrates that CO2 evasion from inundated salt marshes is a significant loss term for carbon that is fixed within marshes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lno.12409","usgsCitation":"Song, S., Wang, Z., Kroeger, K.D., Eagle, M.J., Chu, S.N., and Ge, J., 2023, High-frequency variability of carbon dioxide fluxes in tidal water over a temperate salt marsh: Limnology & Oceanography, v. 68, no. 9, p. 2108-2125, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12409.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2108","endPage":"2125","ipdsId":"IP-147876","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12409","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Waquoit Bay","otherGeospatial":"Sage Lot Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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Shuzhen","contributorId":223876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Shuzhen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40785,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Zhaohui Aleck","contributorId":174589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Zhaohui Aleck","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eagle, Meagan J. 0000-0001-5072-2755 meagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-2755","contributorId":242890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagle","given":"Meagan","email":"meagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chu, Sophie N.","contributorId":174603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chu","given":"Sophie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ge, Jianzhong","contributorId":330725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ge","given":"Jianzhong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78992,"text":"East China Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70249402,"text":"sir20235108 - 2023 - Bathymetric contour maps, surface area and capacity tables, and bathymetric change maps for selected water-supply lakes in northeastern Missouri, 2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-13T15:25:53.405546","indexId":"sir20235108","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-06T10:29:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5108","displayTitle":"Bathymetric Contour Maps, Surface Area and Capacity Tables, and Bathymetric Change Maps for Selected Water-Supply Lakes in Northeastern Missouri, 2021","title":"Bathymetric contour maps, surface area and capacity tables, and bathymetric change maps for selected water-supply lakes in northeastern Missouri, 2021","docAbstract":"Bathymetric data were collected at 12 water-supply lakes in northeastern Missouri by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) and various local agencies, as part of a multiyear effort to establish or update the surface area and capacity tables for the surveyed lakes. The lakes were surveyed in March through May 2021. Ten of the lakes had been surveyed previously by the USGS, and the recent surveys were compared to the earlier surveys to document the changes in the bathymetric surface and capacity of the lakes.
Bathymetric data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam mapping system mounted on a boat. Supplemental depth data at five of the lakes were collected in shallow areas with an acoustic Doppler current profiler on a remote-controlled boat. Data points from the various sources were exported at a gridded data resolution appropriate to each lake, either 0.82 foot, 1.64 feet, or 3.28 feet. Data outside the multibeam survey extent and greater than the surveyed water-surface elevation were obtained from data collected using aerial light detection and ranging (lidar) point cloud data. A linear enforcement technique was used to add points to the dataset in areas of sparse data (the upper ends of coves where the water was shallow or aquatic vegetation precluded data acquisition) based on surrounding multibeam and upland data values. The various point datasets were used to produce a three-dimensional triangulated irregular network surface of the lake-bottom elevations for each lake. A surface area and capacity table was produced from the three-dimensional surface for each lake showing surface area and capacity at specified lake water-surface elevations. Various quality-assurance tests were conducted to ensure quality data were collected with the multibeam, including beam angle checks and patch tests. Additional quality-assurance tests were conducted on the gridded bathymetric data from the survey, the bathymetric surface created from the gridded data, and the contours created from the bathymetric survey.
If there were data from a previous bathymetric survey for a given lake, a bathymetric change map was generated from the elevation difference between the previous survey and the 2021 bathymetric survey data points. After reconciling any vertical datum disagreement between the previous survey data and the 2021 survey datum, coincident points between the surveys were identified, and a bathymetric change map was generated using the coincident point data.
The mean elevation change between all repeat surveys at most lakes was positive, indicating sedimentation. Relative to previous surveys, the change in capacity at the primary spillway elevation ranged from a 7.7-percent decrease at Memphis Reservoir to a 3.9-percent increase at Old Lake (Bowling Green West). The mean bathymetric change ranged from 0.03 foot at Hazel Creek and 0.07 foot at Shelbina Lake and Bowling Green Reservoir (Jack Floyd Memorial Lake) to 0.63 at Memphis Lake (Lake Showme) and 0.88 at Memphis Reservoir. The time-averaged mean bathymetric change ranged from 0.002 foot per year at Hazel Creek Lake to 0.044 foot per year at Memphis Reservoir. The computed volumetric sedimentation rate generally ranged from 0.14 to 6.80 acre-feet per year at Shelbina Lake and Memphis Lake (Lake Showme), respectively; however, Forest Lake had a substantially larger sedimentation rate of 17.0 acre-feet per year. Some changes observed in some bathymetric change maps are believed to result from the difference in data collection equipment and techniques between the previous and present bathymetric surveys, whereas other erosional features around the perimeter of certain lakes may be the result of wave action during low-water years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Rivers, B.C., Huizinga, R.J., Richards, J.M., and Waite, G.J., 2023, Bathymetric contour maps, surface area and capacity tables, and bathymetric change maps for selected water-supply lakes in northeastern Missouri, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5108, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235108.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 63 p.; 12 Plates: 24.00 × 24.00 inches or smaller; Data Release","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137682","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501152,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115452.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":421680,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5108/downloads/","text":"Plates 1–12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":421677,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5108/sir20235108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5108"},{"id":421676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5108/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421681,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YJJQB4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bathymetric and supporting data for 12 water supply lakes in northeastern Missouri, 2021"},{"id":421679,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5108/images/"},{"id":421678,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5108/sir20235108.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1618646084552,\n 40.60163096352804\n ],\n [\n -93.1618646084552,\n 38.998035265560674\n ],\n [\n -90.92065367095553,\n 38.998035265560674\n ],\n [\n -90.92065367095553,\n 40.60163096352804\n ],\n [\n -93.1618646084552,\n 40.60163096352804\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Rivers integrate processes occurring throughout their watersheds and are therefore sentinels of change across broad spatial scales. River chemistry also regulates ecosystem function across Earth’s land–ocean continuum, exerting control from the micro- (for example, local food web) to the macro- (for example, global carbon cycle) scale. In the rapidly warming Arctic, a wide range of processes—from permafrost thaw to biological uptake and transformation—might reasonably alter river water chemistry. Here we use data from major rivers that collectively drain two-thirds of the Arctic Ocean watershed to assess widespread change in biogeochemical function within the pan-Arctic basin from 2003 to 2019. While the oceanward flux of alkalinity and associated ions increased markedly over this time frame, nitrate and other inorganic nutrient fluxes declined. Fluxes of dissolved organic carbon showed no overall trend. This divergence in response indicates the perturbation of multiple processes on land, with implications for biogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. We anticipate that these findings will facilitate refinement of conceptual and numerical models of current and future functioning of Arctic coastal ecosystems and spur research on scale-dependent change across the river-integrated Arctic domain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/s41561-023-01247-7","usgsCitation":"Tank, S.E., McClelland, J., Spencer, R., Shiklomanov, A.I., Suslova, A., Moatar, F., Amon, R., Cooper, L.W., Elias, G., Gordeev, V., Guay, C., Gurtovaya, T., Kosmenko, L., Mutter, E., Peterson, B., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Raymond, P., Schuster, P., Scott, L., Staples, R., Striegl, R.G., Tretiakov, M., Zhulidov, A.V., Zimov, N., Zimov, S., and Holmes, R.M., 2023, Long-term trends in Arctic riverine chemistry signal multi-faceted northern change: Nature Geoscience, v. 16, p. 789-796, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01247-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"796","ipdsId":"IP-149200","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04198078","text":"External Repository"},{"id":421736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Finland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -342.3952371271182,\n 69.74468714335444\n ],\n [\n -329.1823633126795,\n 64.20545061647516\n ],\n [\n -318.0022393158466,\n 58.36516107875457\n ],\n [\n -296.658366230984,\n 51.99850510364584\n ],\n [\n -243.80687097322883,\n 54.13546363643496\n ],\n [\n -218.9056857075558,\n 59.41534474728698\n ],\n [\n -184.34893880825422,\n 64.20545061647516\n ],\n [\n -161.48050336018719,\n 67.52498621568131\n ],\n [\n -146.23487972814243,\n 64.86095895630618\n ],\n [\n -128.95650627849164,\n 57.82803046594279\n ],\n [\n -120.31731955366638,\n 50.40664276656898\n ],\n [\n -105.57988337602299,\n 51.049992898892185\n ],\n [\n -88.80969738077384,\n 65.0759803966236\n ],\n [\n -90.33425974397825,\n 72.98441077895814\n ],\n [\n -75.0886361119335,\n 78.83695010199563\n ],\n [\n -59.84301247988874,\n 82.6291688543401\n ],\n [\n -28.84357776139734,\n 83.87916304216341\n ],\n [\n -1.4014552237165958,\n 83.60217287649235\n ],\n [\n -0.8932677693154574,\n 85.00709506615163\n ],\n [\n -283.5519238077401,\n 85.00709506615163\n ],\n [\n -351.1408552431386,\n 80.80646270429665\n ],\n [\n -342.3952371271182,\n 69.74468714335444\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tank, Suzanne E. 0000-0002-5371-6577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-6577","contributorId":238026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":47684,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, James W.","contributorId":255074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClelland","given":"James W.","affiliations":[{"id":36422,"text":"University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. 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Geological Survey, Earth System Processes Division, Boulder, CO, USA (deceased)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Scott, Lindsay","contributorId":330713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Lindsay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78983,"text":"Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Staples, Robin","contributorId":330714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staples","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78984,"text":"Water Resources Division, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":885660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Tretiakov, Mikhail","contributorId":330715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tretiakov","given":"Mikhail","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78985,"text":"River Estuaries and Water Resources Department, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Zhulidov, Alexander V.","contributorId":238030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhulidov","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":47688,"text":"South Russia Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects, Rostov-on-Don, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Zimov, Nikita","contributorId":238032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimov","given":"Nikita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47689,"text":"Northeast Science Station, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Chersky, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Zimov, Sergey","contributorId":238033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimov","given":"Sergey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47689,"text":"Northeast Science Station, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Chersky, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Holmes, Robert M.","contributorId":178901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70252685,"text":"70252685 - 2023 - Predation of invasive silver carp by native largemouth bass is size-selective in the Illinois River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T12:17:01.068091","indexId":"70252685","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-06T07:15:24","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation of invasive silver carp by native largemouth bass is size-selective in the Illinois River","docAbstract":"Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are a nonnative, planktivorous, and highly invasive species of cyprinid located throughout the Mississippi River Basin. Although they co-occur with largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans), an abundant native predatory fish, their predator–prey relationship is poorly understood. This potential relationship warrants investigation as largemouth bass are large-gaped predators capable of exhibiting top-down control on planktivorous fishes. The objectives of this study were to determine if largemouth bass consume juvenile silver carp, and if there was a relationship between length of largemouth bass and length of silver carp consumed. Largemouth bass were collected from the La Grange Pool of the Illinois River using 60 Hz-pulsed DC electrofishing and their diets were analyzed (n = 389, total length = 70–578 mm). Evidence of silver carp was present in 18% of diets of largemouth bass that consumed fish. Lengths of consumed silver carp were estimated from the dimensions of their recovered chewing pads or pharyngeal teeth in the stomachs of largemouth bass. A significant relationship between length of largemouth bass and length of silver carp consumed (p < 0.001, F = 34.63, r2 = 0.61) was observed. Estimated total lengths of silver carp were 34–101 mm and were recovered from diets of largemouth bass that were 94–262 mm total length. These results indicate enhancement of native largemouth bass populations is unlikely to substantially reduce silver carp populations in the Illinois River or in other waterways where these species co-occur.
Increasing frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) threaten human and aquatic ecosystem health. Improving our understanding of HABs across a range of systems will be critical to understanding and potentially minimizing risk, especially where HABs are occurring in less productive and less studied waterbodies. Here, the characteristics and annual dynamics of phytoplankton communities were examined, focusing on the timing, magnitude, and predictability of cyanobacterial blooms in five multi-purpose flood-control reservoirs from the Willamette Basin, Oregon, USA. A high similarity in phytoplankton composition and consistency in the timing of cyanobacterial dominance was hypothesized to occur across these oligotrophic reservoirs. However, periods of dominance by potentially HABs producing genera were inconsistent both in their timing and abundances among reservoirs and across years within each reservoir. The lack of regional predictability indicates the importance of local drivers in the formation, intensity, and composition of phytoplankton blooms. These findings have important implications for reservoir management and safeguarding freshwater drinking sources, as not all reservoirs appear to experience cyanobacterial blooms at the same time, demonstrating non-concurrent risks of HABs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.limno.2023.126110","usgsCitation":"Murphy, C.A., Pollock, A., Arismendi, I., and Johnson, S., 2023, HABs and HAB nots: Dynamics of phytoplankton blooms across similar oligotrophic reservoirs: Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, v. 103, 126110, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2023.126110.","productDescription":"126110, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133744","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2023.126110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":481497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Christina Amy 0000-0002-3467-6610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-6610","contributorId":335232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"Amy","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Amanda M.M.","contributorId":350287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Amanda M.M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan","contributorId":350288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Sherri L.","contributorId":350289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sherri L.","affiliations":[{"id":81962,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249378,"text":"70249378 - 2023 - Reimagining large river management using the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) framework in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T11:57:11.26009","indexId":"70249378","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-04T06:52:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1460,"text":"Ecological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reimagining large river management using the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) framework in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Large-river decision-makers are charged with maintaining diverse ecosystem services through unprecedented social-ecological transformations as climate change and other global stressors intensify. The interconnected, dendritic habitats of rivers, which often demarcate jurisdictional boundaries, generate complex management challenges. Here, we explore how the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) framework may enhance large-river management by promoting coordinated and deliberate responses to social-ecological trajectories of change. The RAD framework identifies the full decision space of potential management approaches, wherein managers may resist change to maintain historical conditions, accept change toward different conditions, or direct change to a specified future with novel conditions. In the Upper Mississippi River System, managers are facing social-ecological transformations from more frequent and extreme high-water events. We illustrate how RAD-informed basin-, reach-, and site-scale decisions could: (1) provide cross-spatial scale framing; (2) open the entire decision space of potential management approaches; and (3) enhance coordinated inter-jurisdictional management in response to the trajectory of the Upper Mississippi River hydrograph.
The RAD framework helps identify plausible long-term trajectories in different reaches (or subbasins) of the river and how the associated social-ecological transformations could be managed by altering site-scale conditions. Strategic reach-scale objectives may reprioritize how, where, and when site conditions could be altered to contribute to the basin goal, given the basin’s plausible trajectories of change (e.g., by coordinating action across sites to alter habitat connectivity, diversity, and redundancy in the river mosaic).
When faced with long-term systemic transformations (e.g., > 50 years), the RAD framework helps explicitly consider whether or when the basin vision or goals may no longer be achievable, and direct options may open yet unconsidered potential for the basin. Embedding the RAD framework in hierarchical decision-making clarifies that the selection of actions in space and time should be derived from basin-wide goals and reach-scale objectives to ensure that site-scale actions contribute effectively to the larger river habitat mosaic. Embedding the RAD framework in large-river decisions can provide the necessary conduit to link flexibility and innovation at the site scale with stability at larger scales for adaptive governance of changing social-ecological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13717-023-00460-x","usgsCitation":"Ward, N.K., Lynch, A., Beever, E.A., Booker, J., Bouska, K.L., Embke, H.S., Kocik, J.F., Kocik, J., Lemon, M.G., Lawrence, D.J., Limpinsel, D., Magee, M., Maitland, B.M., McKenna, O.P., Meier, A.R., Morton, J., Muehlbauer, J., Newman, R., Oliver, D.C., Rantala, H.M., Sass, G., Shultz, A.D., Thompson, L., and Wilkening, J.L., 2023, Reimagining large river management using the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) framework in the Upper Mississippi River: Ecological Processes, v. 12, 48, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00460-x.","productDescription":"48, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151992","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science 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Dual-signature (fluorescent and ferrimagnetic) tracer particles, designed to be hydraulically equivalent to the dredge material, were placed on the berm, and a sampling program was initiated to monitor the spatiotemporal movement of tracer particles under the influence of the prevailing hydrodynamic regime. Wave and current data were collected and were used together with available metocean data to identify the forcing mechanisms of sediment transport; improved understanding garnered from the consideration of multiple datasets can be used to inform future coastal management decisions.
Tracer analysis results indicated low magnitude, shoreward transport of dredge material from the berm and along shore transport in both northerly and southerly directions. Small amounts of tracer detected in beach face samples demonstrated connectivity between the constructed feeder berm and the shoreface. However, the generally low tracer concentration within beach face samples indicated low rates of sediment transport for berm sediments, and a low magnitude sediment transport pathway from the berm directly to the beach face, with possible storage of sediment in the nearshore bar system.
Given that the berm was at or beyond the closure depth and considering the relatively weak prevailing near bottom hydrodynamic conditions, the potential for sediment to be mobilized and transported during the study period was generally low. Periods of higher energy waves, driven by north-northwest winds, were identified as a key driver of sediment transport but due to the infrequent nature of these events the sediment transport regime across the area of interest was temporally limited. Longshore movement of sediment was both north and south, mainly dependent on prevailing wind directions and resulting longshore currents.
We discuss implications for coastal zone management and the use of feeder berms as an artificial beach nourishment mechanism to replenish sediments lost by coastal erosional processes. The insight into nearshore emplacement of material can be used by local governments and coastal managers to optimize the efficacy of berm emplacement and implement such schemes as a cost-effective nourishment option, or when onshore placement of material is not feasible.
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The NOMEC Council’s two Interagency Working Groups, Ocean and Coastal Mapping (IWG-OCM) and Ocean Exploration and Characterization (IWG-OEC), both achieved major milestones recently with the 2023 release of the Draft Standard Ocean Mapping Protocols (SOMP) and the 2022 publication of the National Priorities for Ocean Exploration and Characterization. Building on this groundwork, the IWG-OEC is now looking to define and share best practices, guidelines, and resources for ocean exploration and characterization with the long-term goal of increasing community wide standardization to help achieve consistent common practices. First, the IWG-OEC plans to compile federal agency resources and share them in a newly developed online resource repository. The next phase is for the IWG-OEC to create opportunities for non-federal sectors to provide input on developing and populating this repository with additional content (existing standards and protocols, best practice and guidelines documents, etc.). After experts representing multiple sectors are identified, a series of results-oriented workshops are planned to provide input on all aspects of the data, products, and services from exploration and characterization. Finally, the IWG-OEC plans to widely share the online repository of best practices and standard operating procedures. A systematic, transparent, and collaborative process to share standards and protocols can help to enhance the interoperability of data and inform new lines of inquiry, discovery, research, and innovation.