{"pageNumber":"891","pageRowStart":"22250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70030790,"text":"70030790 - 2007 - Alternative community structures in a kelp-urchin community: A qualitative modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030790","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative community structures in a kelp-urchin community: A qualitative modeling approach","docAbstract":"Shifts in interaction patterns within a community may result from periodic disturbances and climate. The question arises as to the extent and significance of these shifting patterns. Using a novel approach to link qualitative mathematical models and field data, namely using the inverse matrix to identify the community matrix, we reconstructed community networks from kelp forests off the Oregon Coast. We simulated all ecologically plausible interactions among community members, selected the models whose outcomes match field observations, and identified highly frequent links to characterize the community network from a particular site. We tested all possible biologically reasonable community networks through qualitative simulations, selected those that matched patterns observed in the field, and further reduced the set of possibilities by retaining those that were stable. We found that a community can be represented by a set of alternative structures, or scenarios. From 11,943,936 simulated models, 0.23% matched the field observations; moreover, only 0.006%, or 748 models, were highly reliable in their predictions and met conditions for stability. Predator-prey interactions as well as non-predatory relationships were consistently found in most of the 748 models. These highly frequent connections were useful to characterize the community network in the study site. We suggest that alternative networks provide the community with a buffer to disturbance, allowing it to continuously reorganize to adapt to a variable environment. This is possible due to the fluctuating capacities of foraging species to consume alternate resources. This suggestion is sustained by our results, which indicate that none of the models that matched field observations were fully connected. This plasticity may contribute to the persistence of these communities. We propose that qualitative simulations represent a powerful technique to raise new hypotheses concerning community dynamics and to reconstruct guidelines that may govern community patterns. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.031","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Montano-Moctezuma, G., Li, H., and Rossignol, P., 2007, Alternative community structures in a kelp-urchin community: A qualitative modeling approach: Ecological Modelling, v. 205, no. 3-4, p. 343-354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.031.","startPage":"343","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.031"},{"id":238591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"205","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e97ee4b0c8380cd48304","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montano-Moctezuma, G.","contributorId":45041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montano-Moctezuma","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, H.W.","contributorId":23261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossignol, P.A.","contributorId":90019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossignol","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031744,"text":"70031744 - 2007 - Ultraviolet radiation and bio-optics in Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T09:57:03","indexId":"70031744","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet radiation and bio-optics in Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Crater Lake, Oregon, is a mid-latitude caldera lake famous for its depth (594 m) and blue color. Recent underwater spectral measurements of solar radiation (300-800 nm) support earlier observations of unusual transparency and extend these to UV-B wavelengths. New data suggest that penetration of solar UVR into Crater Lake has a significant ecological impact. Evidence includes a correlation between water column chlorophyll-a and stratospheric ozone since 1984, the scarcity of organisms in the upper water column, and apparent UV screening pigments in phytoplankton that vary with depth. The lowest UV-B diffuse attenuation coefficients (K d,320) were similar to those reported for the clearest natural waters elsewhere, and were lower than estimates for pure water published in 1981. Optical proxies for UVR attenuation were correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration (0-30 m) during typical dry summer months from 1984 to 2002. Using all proxies and measurements of UV transparency, decadal and longer cycles were apparent but no long-term trend since the first optical measurement in 1896. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0348-0","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Hargreaves, B., Girdner, S., Buktenica, M., Collier, R., Urbach, E., and Larson, G., 2007, Ultraviolet radiation and bio-optics in Crater Lake, Oregon: Hydrobiologia, v. 574, no. 1, p. 107-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0348-0.","startPage":"107","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0348-0"}],"volume":"574","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0de4b08c986b3289d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hargreaves, B.R.","contributorId":71391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargreaves","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Girdner, S.F.","contributorId":71773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girdner","given":"S.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collier, R.W.","contributorId":98547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Urbach, E.","contributorId":78568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbach","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030722,"text":"70030722 - 2007 - Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-16T16:12:18.024251","indexId":"70030722","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Three new species of <i>Percina</i> are described from upland drainages of the Mobile Basin. Two of the three species are narrowly distributed: <i>P. kusha</i>, the Bridled Darter, is currently known only from the Conasauga River drainage in Georgia and Tennessee and Etowah River drainage in Georgia, both tributaries of the Coosa River, and <i>P. sipsi</i>, the Bankhead Darter, which is restricted to tributaries of Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River in northwestern Alabama. The third species, <i>P. smithvanizi</i>, the Muscadine Darter, occurs above the Fall Line in the Tallapoosa River drainage in eastern Alabama and western Georgia. In a molecular analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, <i>P. kusha</i> and <i>P. smithvanizi</i> were recovered as sister species, while <i>Percina sipsi</i> was recovered in a clade consisting of <i>P. aurolineata</i> (<i>P. sciera + P. sipsi</i>). Two of the three species, <i>P. kusha</i> and <i>P. sipsi</i>, are considered to be imperiled species and are in need of conservation actions to prevent their extinction. Description of these three darters increases the number of described species of <i>Percina</i> to 44. Sixteen are known to occur in the Mobile Basin, including nine that are endemic.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.1549.1.1","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Neely, D., Walsh, S., and Burkhead, N., 2007, Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee: Zootaxa, no. 1549, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1549.1.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1650390625,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.1982421875,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              30.372875188118016\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8251953125,\n              30.637912028341123\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.123046875,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3642578125,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0791015625,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              36.421282443649496\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"1549","edition":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb311e4b08c986b325b71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neely, D.A.","contributorId":103083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030923,"text":"70030923 - 2007 - Variation in northern bobwhite demography along two temporal scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-07T10:59:24","indexId":"70030923","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3103,"text":"Population Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in northern bobwhite demography along two temporal scales","docAbstract":"Quantification and understanding of demographic variation across intra- and inter-annual temporal scales can benefit from the development of theoretical models of evolution and applied conservation of species. We used long-term survey data for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected at the northern and southern extent of its geographic range to develop matrix population models which would allow investigation of intra- and inter-annual patterns in bobwhite population dynamics. We first evaluated intra-annual patterns in the importance of a seasonal demographic rate to asymptotic population growth rate with prospective perturbation analysis (elasticity analysis). We then conducted retrospective analysis (life table response experiments) of inter-annual patterns in the contribution of observed changes in demography to the observed change in population growth rate. Survival in the earliest age class during the nonbreeding season had the greatest potential influence in both the northern and southern populations. Examination of inter-annual variation in demography indicated that variation in nonbreeding season survival in the earliest age class contributed the most to observed changes in population growth rate in the northern population. In contrast, changes in fertility in the earliest age class in the southern population had the greatest influence on changes in population growth rate. Prospective elasticity analyses highlight the similarities in bobwhite demography throughout different parts of its geographic range, while retrospective life table response experiments revealed important patterns in the temporal differences of bobwhite life history at the northern and southern extent of its geographic range. ?? 2007 The Society of Population Ecology and Springer.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10144-007-0037-5","issn":"14383896","usgsCitation":"Folk, T., Holmes, R.R., and Grand, J.B., 2007, Variation in northern bobwhite demography along two temporal scales: Population Ecology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 211-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-007-0037-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211296,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-007-0037-5"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc15fe4b08c986b32a542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folk, T.H.","contributorId":50688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folk","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Randall R.","contributorId":201221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030918,"text":"70030918 - 2007 - Use of behavioral and physiological indicators to evaluate Scaphirhynchus sturgeon spawning success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T17:49:33","indexId":"70030918","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of behavioral and physiological indicators to evaluate Scaphirhynchus sturgeon spawning success","docAbstract":"<p>Thirty gravid, female shovelnose sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus platorynchus</i>) were captured in the Lower Missouri River in March 2004 to evaluate the effectiveness of physiology, telemetry and remote sensor technology coupled with change point analysis in identifying when and where <i>Scaphirhynchus</i> sturgeon spawn. Captured sturgeons were instrumented with ultrasonic transmitters and with archival data storage tags (DST) that recorded temperature and pressure. Female sturgeon were tracked through the suspected spawning period. Thereafter, attempts were made to recapture fish to evaluate spawning success. At the time of transmitter implantation, blood and an ovarian biopsy were taken. Reproductive hormones and cortisol were measured in blood. Polarization indices and germinal vesicle breakdown were assessed on the biopsied oocytes to determine readiness to spawn. Behavioral data collected using telemetry and DST sensors were used to determine the direction and magnitude of possible spawning-related movements and to identify the timing of potential spawning events. Upon recapture observations of the ovaries and blood chemistry provided measures of spawning success and comparative indicators to explain differences in observed behavior. Behavioral and physiological indicators of spawning interpreted along with environmental measures may assist in the determination of variables that may cue sturgeon reproduction and the conditions under which sturgeon successfully spawn.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00894.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"DeLonay, A., Papoulias, D., Wildhaber, M., Annis, M., Bryan, J., Griffith, S., Holan, S., and Tillitt, D.E., 2007, Use of behavioral and physiological indicators to evaluate Scaphirhynchus sturgeon spawning success: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 23, no. 4, p. 428-435, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00894.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"428","endPage":"435","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00894.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbec4e4b08c986b329796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLonay, A. J. 0000-0002-3752-2799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":34246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Annis, M.L.","contributorId":53930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annis","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bryan, J.L.","contributorId":15328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Griffith, S.A.","contributorId":101866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holan, S. H.","contributorId":76453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holan","given":"S. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031672,"text":"70031672 - 2007 - A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031672","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)","docAbstract":"We compared conventional capture (primarily mist nets and harp traps) and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging techniques for estimating capture and survival probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado. A total of 987 female adult and juvenile bats were captured and marked by subdermal injection of PIT tags during the summers of 2001-2005 at five maternity colonies in buildings. Openings to roosts were equipped with PIT hoop-style readers, and exit and entry of bats were passively monitored on a daily basis throughout the summers of 2002-2005. PIT readers 'recaptured' adult and juvenile females more often than conventional capture events at each roost. Estimates of annual capture probabilities for all five colonies were on average twice as high when estimated from PIT reader data (P?? = 0.93-1.00) than when derived from conventional techniques (P?? = 0.26-0.66), and as a consequence annual survival estimates were more precisely estimated when using PIT reader encounters. Short-term, daily capture estimates were also higher using PIT readers than conventional captures. We discuss the advantages and limitations of using PIT tags and passive encounters with hoop readers vs. conventional capture techniques for estimating these vital parameters in big brown bats. ?? Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Chiropterologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[149:ACOCCV]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15081109","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L., O'Shea, T., Neubaum, D., Neubaum, M., Pearce, R., and Bowen, R.A., 2007, A comparison of conventional capture versus PIT reader techniques for estimating survival and capture probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus): Acta Chiropterologica, v. 9, no. 1, p. 149-160, https://doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[149:ACOCCV]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"149","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[149:ACOCCV]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e359e4b0c8380cd45fac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neubaum, M.A.","contributorId":50866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearce, R.D.","contributorId":45439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031802,"text":"70031802 - 2007 - High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031802","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales","docAbstract":"Elkhorn Slough is a small estuary in Central California, where nutrient inputs are dominated by runoff from agricultural row crops, a golf course, and residential development. We examined the variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales in Elkhorn Slough to compare forcing by physical and biological factors. Hourly data were collected using in situ nitrate analyzers and water quality data sondes, and two decades of monthly monitoring data were analyzed. Nutrient concentrations increased from the mid 1970s to 1990s as pastures and woodlands were converted to row crops and population increased in the watershed. Climatic variability was also a significant factor controlling interannual nutrient variability, with higher nutrient concentrations during wet than drought years. Elkhorn Slough has a Mediterranean climate with dry and rainy seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were relatively low (10-70 ??mol L-1) during the dry season and high (20-160 ??mol L-1) during the rainy season. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations showed the inverse pattern, with higher concentrations during the dry season. Pulsed runoff events were a consistent feature controlling nitrate concentrations during the rainy season. Peak nitrate concentrations lagged runoff events by 1 to 6 days. Tidal exchange with Monterey Bay was also an important process controlling nutrient concentrations, particularly near the mouth of the Slough. Biological processes had the greatest effect on nitrate concentrations during the dry season and were less important during the rainy season. While primary production was enhanced by nutrient pulses, chlorophyll a concentrations were not. We believe that the generally weak biological response compared to the strong physical forcing in Elkhorn Slough occurred because the short residence time and tidal mixing rapidly diluted nutrient pulses. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.015","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Caffrey, J., Chapin, T., Jannasch, H., and Haskins, J., 2007, High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 368-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.015.","startPage":"368","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.015"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30c1e4b0c8380cd5d8fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapin, T.P. 0000-0001-6587-0734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":24142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jannasch, H.W.","contributorId":89665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jannasch","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haskins, J.C.","contributorId":7473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskins","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031804,"text":"70031804 - 2007 - Geologic mapping of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T11:09:04","indexId":"70031804","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic mapping of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io","docAbstract":"<p>We produced the first geologic map of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io, the last of four regional maps generated from Galileo mission data. The Amirani-Gish Bar region has five primary types of geologic materials: plains, mountains, patera floors, flows, and diffuse deposits. The flows and patera floors are thought to be compositionally similar, but are subdivided based on interpretations regarding their emplacement environments and mechanisms. Our mapping shows that volcanic activity in the Amirani-Gish Bar region is dominated by the Amirani Eruptive Center (AEC), now recognized to be part of an extensive, combined Amirani-Maui flow field. A mappable flow connects Amirani and Maui, suggesting that Maui is fed from Amirani, such that the post-Voyager designation \"Maui Eruptive Center\" should be revised. Amirani contains at least four hot spots detected by Galileo, and is the source of widespread bright (sulfur?) flows and active dark (silicate?) flows being emplaced in the Promethean style (slowly emplaced, compound flow fields). The floor of Gish Bar Patera has been partially resurfaced by dark lava flows, although other parts of its floor are bright and appeared unchanged during the Galileo mission. This suggests that the floor did not undergo complete resurfacing as a lava lake as proposed for other ionian paterae. There are several other hot spots in the region that are the sources of both active dark flows (confined within paterae), and SO2- and S2-rich diffuse deposits. Mapped diffuse deposits around fractures on mountains and in the plains appear to serve as the source for gas venting without the release of magma, an association previously unrecognized in this region. The six mountains mapped in this region exhibit various states of degradation. In addition to gaining insight into this region of Io, all four maps are studied to assess the best methodology to use to produce a new global geologic map of Io based on the newly released, combined Galileo-Voyager global mosaics. To convey the complexity of ionian surface geology, we find that a new global geologic map of Io should include a map sheet displaying the global abundances and types of surface features as well as a complementary GIS database as a means to catalog the record of surface changes observed since the Voyager flybys and during the Galileo mission.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.023","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Keszthelyi, L., Crown, D.A., Jaeger, W.L., and Schenk, P., 2007, Geologic mapping of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io: Icarus, v. 186, no. 1, p. 204-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.023.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1fc5e4b0c8380cd5696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":196622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":66946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031028,"text":"70031028 - 2007 - A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:04:38","indexId":"70031028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although depletion of storage in low‐permeability confining layers is the source of much of the groundwater produced from many confined aquifer systems, it is all too frequently overlooked or ignored. This makes effective management of groundwater resources difficult by masking how much water has been derived from storage and, in some cases, the total amount of water that has been extracted from an aquifer system. Analyzing confining layer storage is viewed as troublesome because of the additional computational burden and because the hydraulic properties of confining layers are poorly known. In this paper we propose a simplified method for computing estimates of confining layer depletion, as well as procedures for approximating confining layer hydraulic conductivity (</span><i>K</i><span>) and specific storage (</span><i>S</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span>) using geologic information. The latter makes the technique useful in developing countries and other settings where minimal data are available or when scoping calculations are needed. As such, our approach may be helpful for estimating the global transfer of groundwater to surface water. A test of the method on a synthetic system suggests that the computational errors will generally be small. Larger errors will probably result from inaccuracy in confining layer property estimates, but these may be no greater than errors in more sophisticated analyses. The technique is demonstrated by application to two aquifer systems: the Dakota artesian aquifer system in South Dakota and the coastal plain aquifer system in Virginia. In both cases, depletion from confining layers was substantially larger than depletion from the aquifers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005597","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Neuzil, C.E., 2007, A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 7, W07417; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005597.","productDescription":"W07417; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005597","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e460e4b0c8380cd465ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042859,"text":"cir13066A - 2007 - Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on floodplain forests of the Pearl River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:06:15","indexId":"cir13066A","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"6A","title":"Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on floodplain forests of the Pearl River","docAbstract":"Floodplain forests are an important habitat for Neotropical migratory birds. Hurricane Katrina passed through the Pearl River flood plain shortly after making landfall. Field measurements on historical plots and remotely sensed data were used to assess the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the structure of floodplain forests of the Pearl River.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir13066A","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 6A in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir1306\" target=\"_blank\">Circular 1306</a> for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Faulkner, S., Barrow, W., Couvillion, B.R., Conner, W., Randall, L., and Baldwin, M., 2007, Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on floodplain forests of the Pearl River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir13066A.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_6a.jpg"},{"id":266506,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"},{"id":266507,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch6_a.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Pearl Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.1068,30.1068 ], [ -90.1068,30.4939 ], [ -89.6698,30.4939 ], [ -89.6698,30.1068 ], [ -90.1068,30.1068 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5103b787e4b0ce88de640a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen 0000-0001-5295-1383","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":65439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":90684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady R. 0000-0001-5323-1687 couvillionb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":3829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","email":"couvillionb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conner, William","contributorId":68624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conner","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Randall, Lori 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":10879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldwin, Michael 0000-0003-1939-5439","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-5439","contributorId":38443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032025,"text":"70032025 - 2007 - Earthquake likelihood model testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T14:09:02","indexId":"70032025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake likelihood model testing","docAbstract":"<h1>INTRODUCTION</h1><p id=\"p-1\">The Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) project aims to produce and evaluate alternate models of earthquake potential (probability per unit volume, magnitude, and time) for California. Based on differing assumptions, these models are produced to test the validity of their assumptions and to explore which models should be incorporated in seismic hazard and risk evaluation. Tests based on physical and geological criteria are useful but we focus on statistical methods using future earthquake catalog data only. We envision two evaluations: a test of consistency with observed data and a comparison of all pairs of models for relative consistency. Both tests are based on the likelihood method, and both are fully prospective (<i>i.e.</i>, the models are not adjusted to fit the test data). To be tested, each model must assign a probability to any possible event within a specified region of space, time, and magnitude. For our tests the models must use a common format: earthquake rates in specified “bins” with location, magnitude, time, and focal mechanism limits.</p><p id=\"p-2\">Seismology cannot yet deterministically predict individual earthquakes; however, it should seek the best possible models for forecasting earthquake occurrence. This paper describes the statistical rules of an experiment to examine and test earthquake forecasts. The primary purposes of the tests described below are to evaluate physical models for earthquakes, assure that source models used in seismic hazard and risk studies are consistent with earthquake data, and provide quantitative measures by which models can be assigned weights in a consensus model or be judged as suitable for particular regions.</p><p id=\"p-3\">In this paper we develop a statistical method for testing earthquake likelihood models. A companion paper (<a id=\"xref-ref-16-1\" class=\"xref-bibr article-ref-popup hasTooltip\" href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-16\" data-hasqtip=\"0\" data-mce-href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-16\">Schorlemmer and Gerstenberger 2007</a>, this issue) discusses the actual implementation of these tests in the framework of the RELM initiative.</p><p id=\"p-4\">Statistical testing of hypotheses is a common task and a wide range of possible testing procedures exist. Jolliffe and Stephenson (<a id=\"xref-ref-9-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-9\" data-mce-href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-9\">2003</a>) present different forecast verifications from atmospheric science, among them likelihood testing of probability forecasts and testing the occurrence of binary events. Testing binary events requires that for each forecasted event, the spatial, temporal and magnitude limits be given. Although major earthquakes can be considered binary events, the models within the RELM project express their forecasts on a spatial grid and in 0.1 magnitude units; thus the results are a distribution of rates over space and magnitude. These forecasts can be tested with likelihood tests.</p><p id=\"p-5\">In general, likelihood tests assume a valid null hypothesis against which a given hypothesis is tested. The outcome is either a rejection of the null hypothesis in favor of the test hypothesis or a nonrejection, meaning the test hypothesis cannot outperform the null hypothesis at a given significance level. Within RELM, there is no accepted null hypothesis and thus the likelihood test needs to be expanded to allow comparable testing of equipollent hypotheses.</p><p id=\"p-6\">To test models against one another, we require that forecasts are expressed in a standard format: the average rate of earthquake occurrence within pre-specified limits of hypocentral latitude, longitude, depth, magnitude, time period, and focal mechanisms. Focal mechanisms should either be described as the inclination of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-axis, declination of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-axis, and inclination of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>-axis, or as strike, dip, and rake angles. Schorlemmer and Gerstenberger (<a id=\"xref-ref-16-2\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-16\" data-mce-href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-16\">2007</a>, this issue) designed classes of these parameters such that similar models will be tested against each other. These classes make the forecasts comparable between models. Additionally, we are limited to testing only what is precisely defined and consistently reported in earthquake catalogs. Therefore it is currently not possible to test such information as fault rupture length or area, asperity location, etc. Also, to account for data quality issues, we allow for location and magnitude uncertainties as well as the probability that an event is dependent on another event.</p><p id=\"p-7\">As we mentioned above, only models with comparable forecasts can be tested against each other. Our current tests are designed to examine grid-based models. This requires that any fault-based model be adapted to a grid before testing is possible. While this is a limitation of the testing, it is an inherent difficulty in any such comparative testing. Please refer to appendix B for a statistical evaluation of the application of the Poisson hypothesis to fault-based models.</p><p id=\"p-8\">The testing suite we present consists of three different tests: L-Test, N-Test, and R-Test. These tests are defined similarily to Kagan and Jackson (<a id=\"xref-ref-12-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-12\" data-mce-href=\"http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/17#ref-12\">1995</a>). The first two tests examine the consistency of the hypotheses with the observations while the last test compares the spatial performances of the models.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.78.1.17","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Schorlemmer, D., Gerstenberger, M., Wiemer, S., Jackson, D., and Rhoades, D., 2007, Earthquake likelihood model testing: Seismological Research Letters, v. 78, no. 1, p. 17-29, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.78.1.17.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04f5e4b0c8380cd50bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schorlemmer, D.","contributorId":30468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorlemmer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerstenberger, M.C.","contributorId":51977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerstenberger","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemer, S.","contributorId":22115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, D.D.","contributorId":41011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rhoades, D.A.","contributorId":45121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoades","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70120422,"text":"70120422 - 2007 - Genetic studies of freshwater turtle and tortoises: a review of the past 70 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T15:38:36","indexId":"70120422","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Genetic studies of freshwater turtle and tortoises: a review of the past 70 years","docAbstract":"<p>Powerful molecular techniques have been developed over many decades for resolving genetic relationships, population genetic structure, patterns of gene flow, mating systems, and the amount of genetic diversity in animals. Genetic studies of turtles were among the earliest and the rapid application of new genetic tools and analytical techniques is still apparent in the literature on turtles. At present, of the 198 freshwater turtles and tortoises that are listed as not extinct by the IUCN Red List, 69 species worldwide are listed as endangered or critically endangered, and an additional 56 species are listed as vulnerable. Of the ca. 300 species of the freshwater turtles and tortoises in the world, ca. 42% are considered to be facing a high risk extinction, and there is a need to focus intense conservation attention on these species. This includes a need to (i) assess our current state of knowledge regarding the application of genetics to studies of freshwater turtles and tortoises and (ii) determine future research directions. Here, we review all available published studies for the past 70 years that were written in English and used genetic markers (e.g. karyotypes, allozymes, DNA loci) to better understand the biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises. We review the types of studies conducted in relation to the species studied and quantify the countries where the studies were performed. We rack the changing use of different genetic markers through time and report on studies focused on aspects of molecular evolution within turtle genomes. We address the usefulness of particular genetic markers to answer phylogenetic questions and present data comparing population genetic structure and mating systems across species. We draw specific attention to whether authors have considered issues to turtle conservation in their research or provided new insights that have been translated into recommendations for conservation management.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Defining turtle diversity: proceedings of a workshop on genetics, ethics, and taxonomy of freshwater turtles and tortoises, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 8-12 August 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on genetics, ethics, and taxonomy of freshwater turtles and tortoises","conferenceDate":"August 8-12 2005","conferenceLocation":"Cambridge, MA","language":"English","publisher":"Chelonian Research Foundation","publisherLocation":"Lunenburg, MA","usgsCitation":"FitzSimmons, N.N., and Hart, K.M., 2007, Genetic studies of freshwater turtle and tortoises: a review of the past 70 years, <i>in</i> Defining turtle diversity: proceedings of a workshop on genetics, ethics, and taxonomy of freshwater turtles and tortoises, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 8-12 August 2005, v. 4, Cambridge, MA, August 8-12 2005, p. 15-46.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292198,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.chelonian.org/crm/chelonian-research-monographs-no-4/"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd4be4b0f61b386d23f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"FitzSimmons, Nancy N.","contributorId":36864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzSimmons","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031739,"text":"70031739 - 2007 - Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T11:20:41.383437","indexId":"70031739","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Regional ground-water recharge estimates for Minnesota were compared to estimates made on the basis of four local- and basin-scale methods. Three local-scale methods (unsaturated-zone water balance, water-table fluctuations (WTF) using three approaches, and age dating of ground water) yielded point estimates of recharge that represent spatial scales from about 1 to about 1000&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>. A fourth method (RORA, a basin-scale analysis of streamflow records using a recession-curve-displacement technique) yielded recharge estimates at a scale of 10&ndash;1000s of km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The RORA basin-scale recharge estimates were regionalized to estimate recharge for the entire State of Minnesota on the basis of a regional regression recharge (RRR) model that also incorporated soil and climate data. Recharge rates estimated by the RRR model compared favorably to the local and basin-scale recharge estimates. RRR estimates at study locations were about 41% less on average than the unsaturated-zone water-balance estimates, ranged from 44% greater to 12% less than estimates that were based on the three WTF approaches, were about 4% less than the age dating of ground-water estimates, and were about 5% greater than the RORA estimates. Of the methods used in this study, the WTF method is the simplest and easiest to apply. Recharge estimates made on the basis of the UZWB method were inconsistent with the results from the other methods. Recharge estimates using the RRR model could be a good source of input for regional ground-water flow models; RRR model results currently are being applied for this purpose in USGS studies elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Healy, R.W., Lorenz, D., and Nimmo, J., 2007, Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 334, no. 1-2, p. 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031403,"text":"70031403 - 2007 - Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T11:05:02.903393","indexId":"70031403","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous models are in widespread use for the estimation of soil water retention from more easily measured textural data. Improved models are needed for better prediction and wider applicability. We developed a basic framework from which new and existing models can be derived to facilitate improvements. Starting from the assumption that every particle has a characteristic dimension&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;associated uniquely with a matric pressure ψ and that the form of the ψ–</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;relation is the defining characteristic of each model, this framework leads to particular models by specification of geometric relationships between pores and particles. Typical assumptions are that particles are spheres, pores are cylinders with volume equal to the associated particle volume times the void ratio, and that the capillary inverse proportionality between radius and matric pressure is valid. Examples include fixed-pore-shape and fixed-pore-length models. We also developed alternative versions of the model of Arya and Paris that eliminate its interval-size dependence and other problems. The alternative models are calculable by direct application of algebraic formulas rather than manipulation of data tables and intermediate results, and they easily combine with other models (e.g., incorporating structural effects) that are formulated on a continuous basis. Additionally, we developed a family of models based on the same pore geometry as the widely used unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model of Mualem. Predictions of measurements for different suitable media show that some of the models provide consistently good results and can be chosen based on ease of calculations and other factors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2007.0019","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Herkelrath, W.N., and Laguna, L., 2007, Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 6, no. 4, p. 766-773, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"773","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7af0e4b0c8380cd7918e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laguna, Luna","contributorId":12694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laguna","given":"Luna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031408,"text":"70031408 - 2007 - In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T12:03:17.038477","indexId":"70031408","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1941,"text":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-text row g-0\"><div class=\"col-12\"><div class=\"u-mb-1\"><div>The capabilities and diversity of subsurface sediment sensors lags significantly from what is available for the water column, thereby limiting progress in understanding time-dependent seabed exchange and high-frequency acoustics. To help redress this imbalance, a new instrument, the autonomous sediment profiler (ASP), is described herein. ASP consists of a four-electrode, Wenner-type resistivity probe and a thermistor that log data at 0.1-cm vertical intervals over a 58-cm vertical profile. To avoid resampling the same spot on the seafloor, the probes are moved horizontally within a 20 times 100-cm<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>area in one of three preselected patterns. Memory and power capacities permit sampling at hourly intervals for up to 3-mo duration. The system was tested in a laboratory tank and shown to be able to resolve high-frequency sediment consolidation, as well as changes in sediment roughness. In a field test off the southern coast of France, the system collected resistivity and temperature data at hourly intervals for 16 d. Coupled with environmental data collected on waves, currents, and suspended sediment, the ASP is shown to be useful for understanding temporal evolution of subsurface sediment porosity, although no large depositional or erosional events occurred during the deployment. Following a rapid decrease in bottom-water temperature, the evolution of the subsurface temperature field was consistent with the 1-D thermal diffusion equation coupled with advection in the upper 3-4 cm. Collectively, the laboratory and field tests yielded promising results on time-dependent seabed change.</div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2007.907927","issn":"03649059","usgsCitation":"Wheatcroft, R.A., Stevens, A., and Johnson, R., 2007, In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, v. 32, no. 4, p. 862-871, https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2007.907927.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"871","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3986e4b0c8380cd6195f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, A.W.","contributorId":42424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, R.V.","contributorId":14639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035407,"text":"70035407 - 2007 - A ground penetrating radar investigation of a glacial-marine ice- contact delta, Pineo Ridge, eastern coastal Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035407","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A ground penetrating radar investigation of a glacial-marine ice- contact delta, Pineo Ridge, eastern coastal Maine","docAbstract":"In eastern coastal Maine, many flat-topped landforms, often identified as glacial-marine deltas, are cultivated for blueberry production. These agriculturally valuable features are not exploited for aggregate resources, severely limiting stratigraphic exposure. Coring is often forbidden; where permissible, coarse-grained surficial sediments make coring and sediment retrieval difficult. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has become an invaluable tool in an ongoing study of the otherwise inaccessible subsurface morphology in this region and provides a means of detailing the large-scale sedimentary structures comprising these features. GPR studies allow us to reassess previous depositional interpretations and to develop alternative developmental models. The work presented here focuses on Pineo Ridge, a large, flat-topped ice-marginal glacial-marine delta complex with a strong linear trend and two distinct landform zones, informally termed East Pineo and West Pineo. Previous workers have described each zone separately due to local morphological variation. Our GPR work further substantiates this geomorphic differentiation. East Pineo developed as a series of deltaic lobes prograding southward from an ice-contact margin during the local marine highstand. GPR data do not suggest postdepositional modification by ice-margin re-advance. We suggest that West Pineo has a more complex, two-stage depositional history. The southern section of the feature consists of southward-prograding deltaic lobes deposited during retreat of the Laurentide ice margin, with later erosional modification during marine regression. The northern section of West Pineo formed as a series of northward-prograd- ing deltaic lobes as sediment-laden meltwater may have been diverted by the existing deposits of the southern section of West Pineo. ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.2432(06)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Tary, A., Duncan, M.F., and Weddle, T., 2007, A ground penetrating radar investigation of a glacial-marine ice- contact delta, Pineo Ridge, eastern coastal Maine: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 432, p. 77-91, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2432(06).","startPage":"77","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.2432(06)"},{"id":243110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"432","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e40de4b0c8380cd463a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tary, A.K.","contributorId":11026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tary","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, M. FitzGerald","contributorId":26900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"FitzGerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weddle, T.K.","contributorId":60002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weddle","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031740,"text":"70031740 - 2007 - Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T14:01:16","indexId":"70031740","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentary records of naturally occurring and fallout-derived radionuclides are widely used as tools for estimating both the ages of recent sediments and rates of sedimentation and bioturbation. Developing these records to the point of data interpretation requires careful sample collection, processing, analysis and data modeling. In this work, we document a number of potential pitfalls that can impact sediment core records and their interpretation. This paper is not intended as an exhaustive treatment of these potential problems. Rather, the emphasis is on potential problems that are not well documented in the literature, as follows: (1) the mere sampling of sediment cores at a resolution that is too coarse can result in an apparent diffusive mixing of the sedimentary record at rates comparable to diffusive bioturbation rates observed in many locations; (2) <sup>210</sup>Pb profiles in slowly accumulating sediments can easily be misinterpreted to be driven by sedimentation, when in fact bioturbation is the dominant control. Multiple isotopes of different half lives and/or origin may help to distinguish between these two possible interpretations; (3) apparent mixing can occur due simply to numerical artifacts inherent in the finite difference approximations of the advection diffusion equation used to model sedimentation and bioturbation. Model users need to be aware of this potential problem. Solutions to each of these potential pitfalls are offered to ensure the best possible sediment age estimates and/or sedimentation and bioturbation rates can be obtained.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.006","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., and Kenna, T.C., 2007, Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 537-544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1603","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a097ee4b0c8380cd51f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenna, Timothy C.","contributorId":36754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenna","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156270,"text":"70156270 - 2007 - A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T15:11:20.909057","indexId":"70156270","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10-05","title":"A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","docAbstract":"<p>The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), use different field methods for collecting macroinvertebrate samples and habitat data for bioassessment purposes. Arizona’s Biocriteria index was developed using a riffle habitat sampling methodology, whereas the EMAP method employs a multi-habitat sampling protocol. There was a need to demonstrate comparability of these different bioassessment methodologies to allow use of the EMAP multi-habitat protocol for both statewide probabilistic assessments for integration of the EMAP data into the national (305b) assessment and for targeted in-state bioassessments for 303d determinations of standards violations and impaired aquatic life conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the two methods yield similar bioassessment results, such that the data could be used interchangeably in water quality assessments. In this Regional EMAP grant funded project, a probabilistic survey of 30 sites in the Little Colorado River basin was conducted in the spring of 2007. Macroinvertebrate and habitat data were collected using both ADEQ and EMAP sampling methods, from adjacent reaches within these stream channels.</p><p>All analyses indicated that the two macroinvertebrate sampling methods were significantly correlated. ADEQ and EMAP samples were classified into the same scoring categories (meeting, inconclusive, violating the biocriteria standard) 82% of the time. When the ADEQ-IBI was applied to both the ADEQ and EMAP taxa lists, the resulting IBI scores were significantly correlated (r=0.91), even though only 4 of the 7 metrics in the IBI were significantly correlated. The IBI scores from both methods were significantly correlated to the percent of riffle habitat, even though the average percent riffle habitat was only 30% of the stream reach. Multivariate analyses found that the percent riffle was an important attribute for both datasets in classifying IBI scores into assessment categories.</p><p>Habitat measurements generated from EMAP and ADEQ methods were also significantly correlated; 13 of 16 habitat measures were significantly correlated (p&lt;0.01). The visual-based percentage estimates of percent riffle and pool habitats, vegetative cover and percent canopy cover, and substrate measurements of percent fine substrate and embeddedness were all remarkably similar, given the different field methods used. A multivariate analysis identified substrate and flow conditions, as well as canopy cover as important combinations of habitat attributes affecting both IBI scores. These results indicate that similar habitat measures can be obtained using two different field sampling protocols. In addition, similar combinations of these habitat parameters were important to macroinvertebrate community condition in multivariate analyses of both ADEQ and EMAP datasets.</p><p>These results indicate the two sampling methods for macroinvertebrates and habitat data were very similar in terms of bioassessment results and stressors. While the bioassessment category was not identical for all sites, overall the assessments were significantly correlated, providing similar bioassessment results for the cold water streams used in this study. The findings of this study indicate that ADEQ can utilize either a riffle-based sampling methodology or a multi-habitat sampling approach in cold water streams as both yield similar results relative to the macroinvertebrate assemblage. These results will allow for use of either macroinvertebrate dataset to determine water quality standards compliance with the ADEQ Indexes of Biological Integrity, for which threshold values were just recently placed into the Arizona Surface Water Quality Standards. While this survey did not include warm water desert streams of Arizona, we would predict that EMAP and ADEQ sampling methodologies would provide similar bioassessment results and would not be significantly different, as we have found that the percent riffle habitat in cold and warm water perennial, wadeable streams is not significantly different. However, a comparison study of sampling methodologies in warm water streams should be conducted to confirm the predicted similarity of bioassessment results. ADEQ will continue to implement a monitoring strategy that includes probabilistic monitoring for a statewide ecological assessment of stream conditions. Conclusions from this study will guide decisions regarding the most appropriate sampling methods for future probabilistic monitoring sample plans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Spindler, P., and Paretti, N.V., 2007, A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007: Open-File Report 10-05, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://azdeq.gov/surface-water-reports"},{"id":306884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05225085860557,\n              33.997147907235785\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.04106100464412,\n              35.15461273818636\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02896638603738,\n              35.17081103556828\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02896638603738,\n              35.05951329223615\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18135500293924,\n              35.01940890226042\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.11604559569567,\n              34.930217592804965\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18135500293924,\n              34.76942868845617\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.14325784871377,\n              34.675490175745026\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.83303816430666,\n              34.39303515518253\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75684385585603,\n              34.410997280051035\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.55003073291795,\n              34.42895554846932\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37587231360197,\n              34.35709933984734\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.29423555454736,\n              34.42446634295791\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.14728938824946,\n              34.384052646872874\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91870646289696,\n              34.29417457634274\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74454804358068,\n              34.177189196638395\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5921594266791,\n              34.16818359070621\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.37990385313734,\n              34.01494136859705\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3418066989122,\n              33.8885337937307\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.17309073019959,\n              33.90660351226566\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.83565879277435,\n              33.94273145971013\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.69959752768384,\n              33.93821630426183\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5689787131967,\n              33.96078968665205\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.53632400957491,\n              33.59889828847642\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.3896827960308,\n              33.56287969227705\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2155243767145,\n              33.71693475565631\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18286967309271,\n              33.93395436276049\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05225085860557,\n              33.997147907235785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8b41e4b0824b2d14a9d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spindler, Patrice","contributorId":146624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spindler","given":"Patrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nick V.","contributorId":146625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160501,"text":"70160501 - 2007 - Procedures for the salvage and necropsy of the dugong (Dugong dugon)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T10:11:46","indexId":"70160501","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"seriesNumber":"85","subseriesTitle":"Research Publication","title":"Procedures for the salvage and necropsy of the dugong (Dugong dugon)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data and specimens collected from dugong carcasses and live stranded individuals provide vital information for research and management agencies. The ability to assign a cause of death (natural and/or human induced) to a carcass assists managers to identify major threats to a population in certain areas and to evaluate and adapt management measures. Data collected</span><br /><span>from dugong carcasses have contributed to research in areas such as life history, feeding biology, investigating the stock structure/genetics of dugongs, contaminants studies, heavy metal analyses, parasitology, and the effects of habitat change. Adapted from the 'Manual of Procedures for the Salvage and Necropsy of Carcasses of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus),' this manual provides a detailed guide for dugong (Dugong dugon) carcass handling and necropsy procedures. It is intended to be used as a resource and training guide for anyone involved in dugong incidents who may lack dugong expertise.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority","usgsCitation":"Eros, C., Marsh, H., Bonde, R.K., O’Shea, T.A., Beck, C.A., Recchia, C., Dobbs, K., Turner, M., Lemm, S., Pears, R., and Bowater, R., 2007, Procedures for the salvage and necropsy of the dugong (Dugong dugon) (2), 98 p.","productDescription":"98 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930d0e4b0da412f4fb584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eros, Carole","contributorId":150771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eros","given":"Carole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, Helene","contributorId":150772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsh","given":"Helene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas A.","contributorId":97561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, Cathy A. 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":2919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Recchia, Cheri","contributorId":150773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Recchia","given":"Cheri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dobbs, Kirstin","contributorId":150774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobbs","given":"Kirstin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turner, Malcolm","contributorId":150775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lemm, Stephanie","contributorId":150776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemm","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pears, Rachel","contributorId":150777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pears","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bowater, Rachel","contributorId":150778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowater","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70029819,"text":"70029819 - 2007 - Oxygen and chlorine isotopic fractionation during perchlorate biodegradation: Laboratory results and implications for forensics and natural attenuation studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:33:55","indexId":"70029819","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and chlorine isotopic fractionation during perchlorate biodegradation: Laboratory results and implications for forensics and natural attenuation studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Perchlorate is a widespread environmental contaminant having both anthropogenic and natural sources. Stable isotope ratios of O and Cl in a given sample of perchlorate may be used to distinguish its source(s). Isotopic ratios may also be useful for identifying the extent of biodegradation of perchlorate, which is critical for assessing natural attenuation of this contaminant in groundwater. For this approach to be useful, however, the kinetic isotopic fractionations of O and Cl during perchlorate biodegradation must first be determined as a function of environmental variables such as temperature and bacterial species. A laboratory study was performed in which the O and Cl isotope ratios of perchlorate were monitored as a function of degradation by two separate bacterial strains (</span><i>Azospira suillum</i><span>&nbsp;JPLRND and&nbsp;</span><i>Dechlorospirillum</i><span>&nbsp;sp. FBR2) at both 10 °C and 22 °C with acetate as the electron donor. Perchlorate was completely reduced by both strains within 280 h at 22 °C and 615 h at 10 °C. Measured values of isotopic fractionation factors were ε</span><sup>18</sup><span>O = −36.6 to −29.0‰ and ε</span><sup>37</sup><span>Cl = −14.5 to −11.5‰, and these showed no apparent systematic variation with either temperature or bacterial strain. An experiment using&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-enriched water (δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O = +198‰) gave results indistinguishable from those observed in the isotopically normal water (δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O = −8.1‰) used in the other experiments, indicating negligible isotope exchange between perchlorate and water during biodegradation. The fractionation factor ratio ε</span><sup>18</sup><span>O/ε</span><sup>37</sup><span>Cl was nearly invariant in all experiments at 2.50 ± 0.04. These data indicate that isotope ratio analysis will be useful for documenting perchlorate biodegradation in soils and groundwater. The establishment of a microbial fractionation factor ratio (ε</span><sup>18</sup><span>O/ε</span><sup>37</sup><span>Cl) also has significant implications for forensic studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0621849","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Sturchio, N.C., Bohlke, J.K., Beloso, A.D., Streger, S., Heraty, L.J., and Hatzinger, P., 2007, Oxygen and chlorine isotopic fractionation during perchlorate biodegradation: Laboratory results and implications for forensics and natural attenuation studies: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 8, p. 2796-2802, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0621849.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2796","endPage":"2802","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0621849"}],"volume":"41","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a727ce4b0c8380cd76b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":88188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beloso, Abelardo D. Jr.","contributorId":15016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beloso","given":"Abelardo","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Streger, S.H.","contributorId":6263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streger","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heraty, Linnea J.","contributorId":192520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heraty","given":"Linnea","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":43204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70010396,"text":"70010396 - 2007 - Canadian and U.S. Cooperation for the development of standards and specifications for emerging mapping technologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T15:28:16.98443","indexId":"70010396","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Canadian and U.S. Cooperation for the development of standards and specifications for emerging mapping technologies","docAbstract":"The mapping community is witnessing significant advances in available sensors, such as medium format digital cameras (MFDC) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems. In this regard, the Digital Photogrammetry Research Group (DPRG) of the Department of Geomatics Engineering at the University of Calgary has been actively involved in the development of standards and specifications for regulating the use of these sensors in mapping activities. More specifically, the DPRG has been working on developing new techniques for the calibration and stability analysis of medium format digital cameras. This research is essential since these sensors have not been developed with mapping applications in mind. Therefore, prior to their use in Geomatics activies, new standards should be developed to ensure the quality of the developed products. In another front, the persistent improvement in direct geo-referencing technology has led to an expansion in the use of LiDAR systems for the acquisition of dense and accurate surface information. However, the processing of the raw LiDAR data (e.g., ranges, mirror angles, and navigation data) remains a non-transparent process that is proprietary to the manufacturers of LiDAR systems. Therefore, the DPRG has been focusing on the development of quality control procedures to quantify the accuracy of LiDAR output in the absence of initial system measurements. This paper presents a summary of the research conducted by the DPRG together with the British Columbia Base Mapping and Geomatic Services (BMGS) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for the development of quality assurance and quality control procedures for emerging mapping technologies. The outcome of this research will allow for the possiblity of introducing North American Standards and Specifications to regulate the use of MFDC and LiDAR systems in the mapping industry.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"28th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing and ASPRS Fall Specialty Conference 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"28th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing and ASPRS Fall Specialty Conference 2007","conferenceDate":"Oct 28-Nov 1, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Ottawa, ON","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Habib, A., Jarvis, A., Al-Durgham, M.M., Lay, J., Quackenbush, P., Stensaas, G., and Moe, D., 2007, Canadian and U.S. Cooperation for the development of standards and specifications for emerging mapping technologies, <i>in</i> 28th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing and ASPRS Fall Specialty Conference 2007, Ottawa, ON, Oct 28-Nov 1, 2007, p. 98-109.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"109","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f33ee4b0c8380cd4b6b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Habib, A.","contributorId":30511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habib","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, A.","contributorId":45533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al-Durgham, M. M.","contributorId":81753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Durgham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lay, J.","contributorId":41288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lay","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quackenbush, P.","contributorId":21033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quackenbush","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stensaas, G. 0000-0001-6679-2416","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2416","contributorId":106378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensaas","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moe, D.","contributorId":46830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029786,"text":"70029786 - 2007 - Mapping an invasive plant, Phragmites australis, in coastal wetlands using the EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:15:45","indexId":"70029786","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping an invasive plant, Phragmites australis, in coastal wetlands using the EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor","docAbstract":"Mapping tools are needed to document the location and extent of Phragmites australis, a tall grass that invades coastal marshes throughout North America, displacing native plant species and degrading wetland habitat. Mapping Phragmites is particularly challenging in the freshwater Great Lakes coastal wetlands due to dynamic lake levels and vegetation diversity. We tested the applicability of Hyperion hyperspectral satellite imagery for mapping Phragmites in wetlands of the west coast of Green Bay in Wisconsin, U.S.A. A reference spectrum created using Hyperion data from several pure Phragmites stands within the image was used with a Spectral Correlation Mapper (SCM) algorithm to create a raster map with values ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 represented the greatest similarity between the reference spectrum and the image spectrum and 1 the least similarity. The final two-class thematic classification predicted monodominant Phragmites covering 3.4% of the study area. Most of this was concentrated in long linear features parallel to the Green Bay shoreline, particularly in areas that had been under water only six years earlier when lake levels were 66??cm higher. An error matrix using spring 2005 field validation points (n = 129) showed good overall accuracy-81.4%. The small size and linear arrangement of Phragmites stands was less than optimal relative to the sensor resolution, and Hyperion's 30??m resolution captured few if any pure pixels. Contemporary Phragmites maps prepared with Hyperion imagery would provide wetland managers with a tool that they currently lack, which could aid attempts to stem the spread of this invasive species. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.002","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Pengra, B., Johnston, C., and Loveland, T.R., 2007, Mapping an invasive plant, Phragmites australis, in coastal wetlands using the EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 108, no. 1, p. 74-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.002"},{"id":240612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a504be4b0c8380cd6b5b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pengra, Bruce 0000-0003-2497-8284 bpengra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-8284","contributorId":5132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pengra","given":"Bruce","email":"bpengra@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, C.A.","contributorId":42175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029709,"text":"70029709 - 2007 - Human influence on California fire regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029709","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human influence on California fire regimes","docAbstract":"Periodic wildfire maintains the integrity and species composition of many ecosystems, including the mediterranean-climate shrublands of California. However, human activities alter natural fire regimes, which can lead to cascading ecological effects. Increased human ignitions at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) have recently gained attention, but fire activity and risk are typically estimated using only biophysical variables. Our goal was to determine how humans influence fire in California and to examine whether this influence was linear, by relating contemporary (2000) and historic (1960-2000) fire data to both human and biophysical variables. Data for the human variables included fine-resolution maps of the WUI produced using housing density and land cover data. Interface WUI, where development abuts wildland vegetation, was differentiated from intermix WUI, where development intermingles with wildland vegetation. Additional explanatory variables included distance to WUI, population density, road density, vegetation type, and ecoregion. All data were summarized at the county level and analyzed using bivariate and multiple regression methods. We found highly significant relationships between humans and fire on the contemporary landscape, and our models explained fire frequency (R2 = 0.72) better than area burned (R2 = 0.50). Population density, intermix WUI, and distance to WUI explained the most variability in fire frequency, suggesting that the spatial pattern of development may be an important variable to consider when estimating fire risk. We found nonlinear effects such that fire frequency and area burned were highest at intermediate levels of human activity, but declined beyond certain thresholds. Human activities also explained change in fire frequency and area burned (1960-2000), but our models had greater explanatory power during the years 1960-1980, when there was more dramatic change in fire frequency. Understanding wildfire as a function of the spatial arrangement of ignitions and fuels on the landscape, in addition to nonlinear relationships, will be important to fire managers and conservation planners because fire risk may be related to specific levels of housing density that can be accounted for in land use planning. With more fires occurring in close proximity to human infrastructure, there may also be devastating ecological impacts if development continues to grow farther into wildland vegetation. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-1128.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Syphard, A., Radeloff, V.C., Keeley, J., Hawbaker, T., Clayton, M., Stewart, S.I., and Hammer, R.B., 2007, Human influence on California fire regimes: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 5, p. 1388-1402, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1128.1.","startPage":"1388","endPage":"1402","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1128.1"},{"id":240575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a327fe4b0c8380cd5e858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syphard, A.D.","contributorId":68950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syphard","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawbaker, T. J.","contributorId":98118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, M.K.","contributorId":38365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hammer, R. B.","contributorId":77744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042701,"text":"cir13063E - 2007 - Estimation of post-Katrina debris volume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:13:25","indexId":"cir13063E","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"3E","title":"Estimation of post-Katrina debris volume","docAbstract":"Hurricane Katrina severely impacted coastal Mississippi, creating large quantities of building and vegetation debris. This paper summarizes techniques to estimate vegetation and nonvegetation debris quantities from light detection and ranging (lidar) data and presents debris volume results for Harrison County, Miss.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir13063E","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 3E in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir1306\" target=\"_blank\">Circular 1306</a> for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., Howd, P., Sallenger, A., Wright, C.W., and Lillycrop, J., 2007, Estimation of post-Katrina debris volume: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir13063E.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_3e.jpg"},{"id":265894,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch3_e.pdf"},{"id":265895,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Harrison","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.342,30.205 ], [ -89.342,30.678 ], [ -88.807,30.678 ], [ -88.807,30.205 ], [ -89.342,30.205 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50fa7d59e4b061045bf9ac4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Mark","contributorId":81893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howd, Peter","contributorId":24656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury","contributorId":83339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lillycrop, Jeff","contributorId":62027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillycrop","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035565,"text":"70035565 - 2007 - Integrated geologic and geophysical studies of North American continental intraplate seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:00:53.375795","indexId":"70035565","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated geologic and geophysical studies of North American continental intraplate seismicity","docAbstract":"<div class=\"category-section clearfix content-section \"><p>The origin of earthquakes within stable continental regions has been the subject of debate over the past thirty years. Here, we examine the correlation of North American stable continental region earthquakes using five geologic and geophysical data sets: (1) a newly compiled age-province map; (2) Bouguer gravity data; (3) aeromagnetic anomalies; (4) the tectonic stress field; and (5) crustal structure as revealed by deep seismic-reflection profiles. We find that: (1) Archean-age (3.8–2.5 Ga) North American crust is essentially aseismic, whereas post-Archean (less than 2.5 Ga) crust shows no clear correlation of crustal age and earthquake frequency or moment release; (2) seismicity is correlated with continental paleorifts; and (3) seismicity is correlated with the NE-SW structural grain of the crust of eastern North America, which in turn reflects the opening and closing of the proto– and modern Atlantic Ocean. This structural grain can be discerned as clear NE-SW lineaments in the Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic anomaly maps. Stable continental region seismicity either: (1) follows the NE-SW lineaments; (2) is aligned at right angles to these lineaments; or (3) forms clusters at what have been termed stress concentrators (e.g., igneous intrusions and intersecting faults). Seismicity levels are very low to the west of the Grenville Front (i.e., in the Archean Superior craton). The correlation of seismicity with NE-SW–oriented lineaments implies that some stable continental region seismicity is related to the accretion and rifting processes that have formed the North American continental crust during the past 2 b.y. We further evaluate this hypothesis by correlating stable continental region seismicity with recently obtained deep seismicreflection images of the Appalachian and Grenville crust of southern Canada. These images show numerous faults that penetrate deep (40 km) into the crust. An analysis of hypocentral depths for stable continental region earthquakes shows that the frequency and moment magnitude of events are nearly uniform for the entire 0–35 km depths over which crustal earthquakes extend. This is in contradiction with the hypothesis that larger events have deeper focal depths. We conclude that the deep structure of the crust, in particular the existence of deeply penetrating faults, is the controlling parameter, rather than lateral variations in temperature, rheology, or high pore pressure. The distribution of stable continental region earthquakes in eastern North America is consistent with the existence of deeply penetrating crustal faults that have been reactivated in the present stress field. We infer that future earthquakes may occur anywhere along the geophysical lineations that we have identified. This implies that seismic hazard is more widespread in central and eastern North America than indicated by the limited known historical distribution of seismicity.</p></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.2425(08)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Van Lanen, X., and Mooney, W.D., 2007, Integrated geologic and geophysical studies of North American continental intraplate seismicity: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 425, no. , p. 101-112, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2425(08).","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"425","issue":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c61e4b0c8380cd62cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Lanen, X.","contributorId":12290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lanen","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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