Volcanic activity has caused significant hazards to numerous airports worldwide, with local to far-ranging effects on travelers and commerce. To more fully characterize the nature and scope of volcanic hazards to airports, we collected data on incidents of airports throughout the world that have been affected by volcanic activity, beginning in 1944 with the first documented instance of damage to modern aircraft and facilities in Naples, Italy, and extending through 2006. Information was gleaned from various sources, including news outlets, volcanological reports (particularly the Smithsonian Institution's Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network), and previous publications on the topic. This report presents the full compilation of the data collected. For each incident, information about the affected airport and the volcanic source has been compiled as a record in a Microsoft Access database. The database is incomplete in so far as incidents may not have not been reported or documented, but it does present a good sample from diverse parts of the world. Not included are en-route diversions to avoid airborne ash clouds at cruise altitudes. The database has been converted to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. To make the PDF version of table 1 in this open-file report resemble the spreadsheet, order the PDF pages as 12, 17, 22; 13, 18, 23; 14, 19, 24; 15, 20, 25; and 16, 21, 26. Analysis of the database reveals that, at a minimum, 101 airports in 28 countries were impacted on 171 occasions from 1944 through 2006 by eruptions at 46 volcanoes. The number of affected airports (101) probably is better constrained than the number of incidents (171) because recurring disruptions at a given airport may have been lumped together or not reported by news agencies, whereas the initial disruption likely is noticed and reported and thus the airport correctly counted.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071256","usgsCitation":"Guffanti, M., Mayberry, G.C., Casadevall, T.J., and Wunderman, R., 2008, Compilation of Disruptions to Airports by Volcanic Activity (Version 1.0, 1944-2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1256, Report: 26 p.; Table 1 (Excel), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071256.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; Table 1 (Excel)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa07a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayberry, Gari C. gmayberr@usgs.gov","contributorId":2650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayberry","given":"Gari","email":"gmayberr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas J. 0000-0002-9447-6864 tcasadevall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":2734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","email":"tcasadevall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wunderman, Richard","contributorId":33790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunderman","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86150,"text":"ofr20081214 - 2008 - Interactions among livestock grazing, vegetation type, and fire behavior in the Murphy Wildland Fire Complex in Idaho and Nevada, July 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T12:28:24","indexId":"ofr20081214","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1214","title":"Interactions among livestock grazing, vegetation type, and fire behavior in the Murphy Wildland Fire Complex in Idaho and Nevada, July 2007","docAbstract":"A series of wildland fires were ignited by lightning in sagebrush and grassland communities near the Idaho-Nevada border southwest of Twin Falls, Idaho in July 2007. The fires burned for over two weeks and encompassed more than 650,000 acres. A team of scientists, habitat specialists, and land managers was called together by Tom Dyer, Idaho BLM State Director, to examine initial information from the Murphy Wildland Fire Complex in relation to plant communities and patterns of livestock grazing. Three approaches were used to examine this topic: (1) identify potential for livestock grazing to modify fuel loads and affect fire behavior using fire models applied to various vegetation types, fuel loads, and fire conditions; (2) compare levels of fuel consumed within and among major vegetation types; and (3) examine several observed lines of difference and discontinuity in fuel consumed to determine what factors created these contrasts.\r\n\r\nThe team found that much of the Murphy Wildland Fire Complex burned under extreme fuel and weather conditions that likely overshadowed livestock grazing as a factor influencing fire extent and fuel consumption in many areas where these fires burned. Differences and abrupt contrast lines in the level of fuels consumed were affected mostly by the plant communities that existed on a site before fire. A few abrupt contrasts in burn severity coincided with apparent differences in grazing patterns of livestock, observed as fence-line contrasts. Fire modeling revealed that grazing in grassland vegetation can reduce surface rate of spread and fire-line intensity to a greater extent than in shrubland types. Under extreme fire conditions (low fuel moisture, high temperatures, and gusty winds), grazing applied at moderate utilization levels has limited or negligible effects on fire behavior. However, when weather and fuel-moisture conditions are less extreme, grazing may reduce the rate of spread and intensity of fires allowing for patchy burns with low levels of fuel consumption.\r\n\r\nThe team suggested that targeted grazing to accomplish fuel objectives holds promise but requires detailed planning that includes clearly defined goals for fuel modification and appropriate monitoring to assess effectiveness. It was recommended that a pilot plan be devised to strategically place grazed blocks across a landscape to create fuel-reduction bands capable of influencing fire behavior. Also suggested was the development of a general technical report that highlights information and examples of how livestock grazing influences fire extent, severity, and intensity. Finally, the team encouraged continued research and monitoring of the effects of the Murphy Wildland Fire Complex. Much more can be learned from the effects of this extensive fire complex that may offer insight for future management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Murphy Wildland Fire Grazing and Fuel Assessment Team","usgsCitation":"Launchbaugh, K., Brammer, B., Brooks, M.L., Bunting, S.C., Clark, P., Davison, J., Fleming, M., Kay, R., Pellant, M., and Pyke, D.A., 2008, Interactions among livestock grazing, vegetation type, and fire behavior in the Murphy Wildland Fire Complex in Idaho and Nevada, July 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1214, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081214.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","temporalStart":"2007-07-01","temporalEnd":"2007-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338633,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1214/pdf/ofr20081214.pdf"},{"id":11715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Launchbaugh, Karen","contributorId":55528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Launchbaugh","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brammer, Bob","contributorId":74825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brammer","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunting, Stephen C.","contributorId":106581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunting","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Patrick","contributorId":6951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davison, Jay","contributorId":92353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davison","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleming, Mark","contributorId":12569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kay, Ron","contributorId":36635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pellant, Mike","contributorId":97057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellant","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":86149,"text":"ds367 - 2008 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T23:17:36.904127","indexId":"ds367","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"367","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2007","docAbstract":"Between January 1 and December 31, 2007, AVO located 6,664 earthquakes of which 5,660 occurred within 20 kilometers of the 33 volcanoes monitored by the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Monitoring highlights in 2007 include: the eruption of Pavlof Volcano, volcanic-tectonic earthquake swarms at the Augustine, Illiamna, and Little Sitkin volcanic centers, and the cessation of episodes of unrest at Fourpeaked Mountain, Mount Veniaminof and the northern Atka Island volcanoes (Mount Kliuchef and Korovin Volcano). This catalog includes descriptions of : (1) locations of seismic instrumentation deployed during 2007; (2) earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) seismic velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2007; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, phase arrival times, location quality statistics, daily station usage statistics, and all files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2007.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds367","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., Stihler, S.D., and Power, J.A., 2008, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 367, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds367.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/367/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410203,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84265.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds367.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.25,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -143.25,\n 62.333\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 62.333\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -143.25,\n 50\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86148,"text":"sir20085116 - 2008 - Quantifying Ground-Water and Surface-Water Discharge from Evapotranspiration Processes in 12 Hydrographic Areas of the Colorado Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20085116","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5116","title":"Quantifying Ground-Water and Surface-Water Discharge from Evapotranspiration Processes in 12 Hydrographic Areas of the Colorado Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth in southern Nevada has increased the demand for additional water supplies from rural areas of northern Clark and southern Lincoln counties to meet projected water-supply needs. Springs and rivers in these undeveloped areas sustain fragile riparian habitat and may be susceptible to ground-water withdrawals. Most natural ground-water and surface-water discharge from these basins occurs by evapotranspiration (ET) along narrow riparian corridors that encompassed about 45,000 acres or about 1 percent of the study area.\r\n\r\nThis report presents estimates of ground- and surface-water discharge from ET across 3.5 million acres in 12 hydrographic areas of the Colorado Regional Ground-Water Flow System. Ground-and surface-water discharge from ET were determined by identifying areas of ground- and surface-water ET, delineating areas of similar vegetation and soil conditions (ET units), and computing ET rates for each of these ET units. Eight ET units were identified using spectral-reflectance characteristics determined from 2003 satellite imagery, high-resolution aerial photography, and land classification cover. These ET units are dense meadowland vegetation (200 acres), dense woodland vegetation (7,200 acres), moderate woodland vegetation (6,100 acres), dense shrubland vegetation (5,800 acres), moderate shrubland vegetation (22,600 acres), agricultural fields (3,100 acres), non-phreatophytic areas (3,400,000 acres), and open water (300 acres).\r\n\r\nET from diffuse ground-water and channelized surface-water is expressed as ETgs and is equal to the difference between total annual ET and precipitation. Total annual ET rates were calculated by the Bowen ratio and eddy covariance methods using micrometeorological data collected from four sites and estimated at 3.9 ft at a dense woodland site (February 2003 to March 2005), 3.6 ft at a moderate woodland site (July 2003 to October 2006), 2.8 ft at a dense shrubland site (June 2005 to October 2006), and 1.5 ft at a moderate shrubland site (April 2006 to October 2006). Annual ETgs rates were 3.4 ft for dense woodland vegetation, 3.2 ft for moderate woodland vegetation, 2.2 ft for dense shrubland vegetation, and 1.0 ft for moderate shrubland vegetation. Published annual rates of ETgs were used for the other ET units found in the study area. These rates were 3.4 ft for dense meadowland vegetation, 5.2 ft for agricultural fields, and 4.9 ft for open water. For the non-phreatophytic ET unit, ETgs was assumed to be zero.\r\n\r\nEstimated ground- and surface-water discharge from ET was calculated by multiplying the ETgs by the ET-unit acreage and equaled 24,480 acre-ft for dense woodland vegetation, 19,520 acre-ft for moderate woodland vegetation, 12,760 acre-ft for dense shrubland vegetation, 22,600 acre-ft for moderate shrubland vegetation, 680 acre-ft for dense meadowland vegetation, 16,120 acre-ft for agricultural fields, 1,440 acre-ft for open water, and 0 acre-ft for the non-phreatophytic ET unit. Estimated ground-water and surface-water discharge from ET from each hydrographic area was calculated by summing the total annual ETgs rate for ET units found within each hydrographic area and equaled 1,952 acre-ft for the Black Mountains Area, 6,080 acre-ft for California Wash, 4,090 acre-ft for the Muddy River Springs Area, 11,510 acre-ft for Lower Moapa Valley, 51,960 acre-ft for the Virgin River Valley, 16,168 acre-ft for Lower Meadow Valley Wash, 5,840 acre-ft for Clover Valley, and 0 acre-ft for Coyote Spring Valley, Kane Springs Valley, Tule Desert, Hidden Valley (North), and Garnet Valley. The annual discharge from ETgs for the study area totals about 98,000 acre-ft.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"DeMeo, G.A., Smith, J.L., Damar, N.A., and Darnell, J., 2008, Quantifying Ground-Water and Surface-Water Discharge from Evapotranspiration Processes in 12 Hydrographic Areas of the Colorado Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5116, Report: viii, 23 p.; Plate: 36 x 50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085116.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 23 p.; Plate: 36 x 50 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-02-01","temporalEnd":"2006-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,35.75 ], [ -115.5,38 ], [ -113.5,38 ], [ -113.5,35.75 ], [ -115.5,35.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64ebd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMeo, Guy A. gademeo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"Guy","email":"gademeo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damar, Nancy A. 0000-0002-7520-7386 nadamar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-7386","contributorId":4154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damar","given":"Nancy","email":"nadamar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darnell, Jon","contributorId":103323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darnell","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86154,"text":"ofr20081232 - 2008 - Summary of mercury and trace element results in precipitation from the Culpeper, Virginia, Mercury Deposition Network Site (VA-08), 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:50:51","indexId":"ofr20081232","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1232","title":"Summary of mercury and trace element results in precipitation from the Culpeper, Virginia, Mercury Deposition Network Site (VA-08), 2002-2006","docAbstract":"The VA-08 Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) site, southwest of Culpeper, Virginia, was established in autumn of 2002. This site, along with nearby VA-28 (~31 km west) at Big Meadows in Shenandoah National Park, fills a spatial gap in the Mid-Atlantic region of the MDN network and provides Hg deposition data immediately west of the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Results for the Culpeper site from autumn of 2002 to the end of 2006 suggest that the highest mercury (Hg) deposition (up to 5.0 µg/m2 per quarter of the 6.5-12.6 µg/m2 annual Hg deposition) is measured during the second and third quarters of the year (April-September). This is a result of both elevated Hg precipitation concentrations (up to 27 ng/L) and greater precipitation during these months. The data also exhibit a general statistically significant (p<0.05) negative correlation between weekly total precipitation and Hg concentrations, suggesting a dilution effect during larger precipitation events, especially during winter and spring. Comparison of results between the Culpeper and Big Meadows sites indicates that although quarterly Hg deposition was not significantly different (p<0.05) between sites, quarterly volume-averaged Hg precipitation concentrations were statistically larger (p<0.05) and precipitation was significantly lower (p<0.05) at VA-08. Lower Hg concentrations at the VA-28 site relative to VA-08 are likely a result of greater total precipitation and thus additional dilution of Hg in precipitation. Results from concomitant trace elements in precipitation collected from July, 2005, to December, 2006, were used to better identify possible sources of Hg at the Culpeper MDN site. Principal component analysis of the Hg and trace metal data identified 3 primary source categories, each with large loadings of characteristic elements: 1) Ca, Al, Mg, Sr, La, and Ce (crustal sources); 2) V, Na, and Ni (local wintertime heating oil); and 3) Zn, Cd, Mn, and Hg (regional anthropogenic emission sources). HYSPLIT air mass trajectory modeling and enrichment factor calculations are consistent with this interpretation. A preliminary source attribution model suggests that ~51% of the Hg in wet deposition is due to regional anthropogenic sources, while crustal sources and local oil combustion account for 9.5% and <1%, respectively. This calculation implies that the global Hg burden accounts for ~40% of the Hg in wet deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with George Mason University","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Kolker, A., Mose, D.E., East, J.A., and McCord, J.D., 2008, Summary of mercury and trace element results in precipitation from the Culpeper, Virginia, Mercury Deposition Network Site (VA-08), 2002-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1232, iii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081232.","productDescription":"iii, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mose, Douglas E.","contributorId":100484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"East, Joseph A. 0000-0003-4226-9174 jeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-9174","contributorId":2747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Joseph","email":"jeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCord, Jamey D. jdmccord@usgs.gov","contributorId":2748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"Jamey","email":"jdmccord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86162,"text":"ds359 - 2008 - High-Resolution Digital Terrain Models of the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta Region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:25","indexId":"ds359","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"359","title":"High-Resolution Digital Terrain Models of the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta Region, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region Geographic Science Center, in conjunction with the USGS Water Resources Western Branch of Regional Research, has developed a high-resolution elevation dataset covering the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta region of California. The elevation data were compiled photogrammically from aerial photography (May 2002) with a scale of 1:15,000. The resulting dataset has a 10-meter horizontal resolution grid of elevation values. The vertical accuracy was determined to be 1 meter. Two versions of the elevation data are available: the first dataset has all water coded as zero, whereas the second dataset has bathymetry data merged with the elevation data. The projection of both datasets is set to UTM Zone 10, NAD 1983. The elevation data are clipped into files that spatially approximate 7.5-minute USGS quadrangles, with about 100 meters of overlap to facilitate combining the files into larger regions without data gaps. The files are named after the 7.5-minute USGS quadrangles that cover the same general spatial extent. File names that include a suffix (_b) indicate that the bathymetry data are included (for example, sac_east versus sac_east_b). These files are provided in ESRI Grid format.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds359","usgsCitation":"Coons, T., Soulard, C.E., and Knowles, N., 2008, High-Resolution Digital Terrain Models of the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta Region, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 359, Report: iii, 9 p.; Metadata; Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds359.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 9 p.; Metadata; Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/359/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63524c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coons, Tom","contributorId":24878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coons","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86160,"text":"ofr20071224 - 2008 - Digital data for volcano hazards in the Mount Jefferson Region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T12:45:33","indexId":"ofr20071224","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1224","title":"Digital data for volcano hazards in the Mount Jefferson Region, Oregon","docAbstract":"Mount Jefferson has erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of years, with its last eruptive episode during the last major glaciation which culminated about 15,000 years ago. Geologic evidence shows that Mount Jefferson is capable of large explosive eruptions. The largest such eruption occurred between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago. If Mount Jefferson erupts again, areas close to the eruptive vent will be severely affected, and even areas tens of kilometers (tens of miles) downstream along river valleys or hundreds of kilometers (hundreds of miles) downwind may be at risk. Numerous small volcanoes occupy the area between Mount Jefferson and Mount Hood to the north, and between Mount Jefferson and the Three Sisters region to the south. These small volcanoes tend not to pose the far-reaching hazards associated with Mount Jefferson, but are nonetheless locally important. A concern at Mount Jefferson, but not at the smaller volcanoes, is the possibility that small-to-moderate sized landslides could occur even during periods of no volcanic activity. Such landslides may transform as they move into lahars (watery flows of rock, mud, and debris) that can inundate areas far downstream.\r\n\r\nThe geographic information system (GIS) volcano hazard data layer used to produce the Mount Jefferson volcano hazard map in USGS Open-File Report 99-24 (Walder and others, 1999) is included in this data set. Both proximal and distal hazard zones were delineated by scientists at the Cascades Volcano Observatory and depict various volcano hazard areas around the mountain. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071224","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S., Doelger, S., Walder, J.S., Gardner, C.A., Conrey, R.M., and Fisher, B., 2008, Digital data for volcano hazards in the Mount Jefferson Region, Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1224, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071224.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11725,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doelger, S.","contributorId":14901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doelger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, C. A.","contributorId":75916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrey, R. M.","contributorId":76772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, B.J.","contributorId":25593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":86163,"text":"ds366 - 2008 - Multibeam Sonar Mapping and Modeling of a Submerged Bryophyte Mat in Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T12:30:02","indexId":"ds366","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"366","title":"Multibeam Sonar Mapping and Modeling of a Submerged Bryophyte Mat in Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Traditionally, multibeam data have been used to map sea floor or lake floor morphology as well as the distribution of surficial facies in order to characterize the geologic component of benthic habitats. In addition to using multibeam data for geologic studies, we want to determine if these data can also be used directly to map the distribution of biota. Multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data collected in Crater Lake, Oregon, in 2000 are used to map the distribution of a deep-water bryophyte mat, which will be extremely useful for understanding the overall ecology of the lake. To map the bryophyte's distribution, depth range, acoustic backscatter intensity, and derived bathymetric index grids are used as inputs into a hierarchical decision-tree classification model. Observations of the bryophyte mat from over 23 line kilometers of lake-floor video collected in the summer of 2006 are used as controls for the model. The resulting map matches well with ground-truth information and shows that the bryophyte mat covers most of the platform surrounding Wizard Island as well as on outcrops around the caldera wall.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds366","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Collier, R., Buktenica, M., Jessup, S., Girdner, S., and Triezenberg, P., 2008, Multibeam Sonar Mapping and Modeling of a Submerged Bryophyte Mat in Crater Lake, Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 366, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds366.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/366/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collier, Robert","contributorId":101341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buktenica, Mark","contributorId":84858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jessup, Steven","contributorId":62304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jessup","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Girdner, Scott","contributorId":104454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girdner","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter 0000-0002-7736-9186 ptriezenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-9186","contributorId":2409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter","email":"ptriezenberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":86171,"text":"sir20085050 - 2008 - Hydrogeology, Chemical Characteristics, and Transport Processes in the Zone of Contribution of a Public-Supply Well in York, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085050","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5050","title":"Hydrogeology, Chemical Characteristics, and Transport Processes in the Zone of Contribution of a Public-Supply Well in York, Nebraska","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, as part of the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, initiated a topical study of Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to PSW (public-supply wells). Local-scale and regional-scale TANC study areas were delineated within selected NAWQA study units for intensive study of processes effecting transport of contaminants to PSWs. This report describes results from a local-scale TANC study area at York, Nebraska, within the High Plains aquifer, including the hydrogeology and geochemistry of a 108-square-kilometer study area that contains the zone of contribution to a PSW selected for study (study PSW), and describes factors controlling the transport of selected anthropogenic and natural contaminants to PSWs.\r\n\r\nWithin the local-scale TANC study area, the High Plains aquifer is approximately 75 m (meter) thick, and includes an unconfined aquifer, an upper confining unit, an upper confined aquifer, and a lower confining unit with lower confined sand lenses (units below the upper confining unit are referred to as confined aquifers) in unconsolidated alluvial and glacial deposits overlain by loess and underlain by Cretaceous shale. From northwest to southeast, land use in the local-scale TANC study area changes from predominantly irrigated agricultural land to residential and commercial land in the small community of York (population approximately 8,100). \r\n\r\nFor the purposes of comparing water chemistry, wells were classified by degree of aquifer confinement (unconfined and confined), depth in the unconfined aquifer (shallow and deep), land use (urban and agricultural), and extent of mixing in wells in the confined aquifer with water from the unconfined aquifer (mixed and unmixed). Oxygen (delta 18O) and hydrogen (delta D) stable isotopic values indicated a clear isotopic contrast between shallow wells in the unconfined aquifer (hereinafter, unconfined shallow wells) and most monitoring wells in the confined aquifers (hereinafter, confined unmixed wells). Delta 18O and delta D values for a minority of wells in the confined aquifers were intermediate between those for the unconfined shallow wells and those for the confined unmixed wells. These intermediate values were consistent with mixing of water from unconfined and confined aquifers (hereinafter, confined mixed wells). Oxidation-reduction conditions were primarily oxic in the unconfined aquifer and variably reducing in the confined aquifers. \r\n\r\nTrace amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC), particularly tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), were widely detected in unconfined shallow urban wells and indicated the presence of young urban recharge waters in most confined mixed wells. The presence of degradation products of agricultural pesticides (acetochlor and alachlor) in some confined mixed wells suggests that some fraction of the water in these wells also was the result of recharge in agricultural areas. In the unconfined aquifer, age-tracer data (chlorofluorocarbon and sulfur hexafluoride data, and tritium to helium-3 ratios) fit a piston-flow model, with apparent recharge ages ranging from 7 to 48 years and generally increasing with depth. Age-tracer data for the confined aquifers were consistent with mixing of 'old' water, not containing modern tracers recharged in the last 60 years, and exponentially-mixed 'young' water with modern tracers. Confined unmixed wells contained less than (<) 3 percent (%) young water mixed with a much larger fraction greater than or equal to (>=) 97% of old water. Confined mixed wells contained >30% young water and mean ages ranged from 12 to 14 years. Median concentrations of nitrate (as nitrogen, hereinafter, nitrate-N) were 17.3 and 16.0 mg/L (milligram per liter) in unconfined shallow urban and agricultural wells, respectively, indicating a range of likely nitrate sources. Septic systems are most numerous near the edge of the urban area and appear to be ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to Public-Supply Wells","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., Clark, B.R., McMahon, P.B., McGuire, V.L., and Turco, M.J., 2008, Hydrogeology, Chemical Characteristics, and Transport Processes in the Zone of Contribution of a Public-Supply Well in York, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5050, xii, 149 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085050.","productDescription":"xii, 149 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11738,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.83333333333333,41.75 ], [ -97.83333333333333,42.03333333333333 ], [ -97.46666666666667,42.03333333333333 ], [ -97.46666666666667,41.75 ], [ -97.83333333333333,41.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turco, Michael J. mjturco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"Michael","email":"mjturco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86145,"text":"sim2978 - 2008 - Regional Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin, North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sim2978","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2978","title":"Regional Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin, North America","docAbstract":"Although more than 100 years of research have gone into deciphering the stratigraphy of the Michigan basin of North America, it remains a challenge to visualize the basin stratigraphy on a regional scale and to describe stratigraphic relations within the basin. Similar difficulties exist for visualizing and describing the regional distribution of petroleum source rocks and reservoir rocks. This publication addresses these difficulties by combining data on Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy and petroleum geology of the Michigan basin. The areal extent of this structural basin is presented along with data in eight schematic chronostratigraphic sections arranged from north to south, with time denoted in equal increments along the sections. The stratigraphic data are modified from American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) (1984), Johnson and others (1992), Sanford (1993), and Cross (1998), and the time scale is taken from Harland and others (1990). Informal North American chronostratigraphic terms from AAPG (1984) are shown in parentheses. Stratigraphic sequences as defined by Sloss (1963, 1988) and Wheeler (1963) also are included, as well as the locations of major petroleum source rocks and major petroleum plays. The stratigraphic units are colored according to predominant lithology, in order to emphasize general lithologic patterns and to provide a broad overview of the Michigan basin. For purposes of comparison, schematic depictions of stratigraphy and interpreted events in the Michigan basin and adjacent Appalachian basin are shown. The paper version of this map is available for purchase from the USGS Store.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2978","isbn":"9781411319110","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C., 2008, Regional Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin, North America: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2978, Map Sheet: 51 x 42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2978.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 51 x 42 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110788,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84305.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84305"},{"id":190954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2978/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,35 ], [ -94,48 ], [ -72,48 ], [ -72,35 ], [ -94,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S.","contributorId":52640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70212972,"text":"70212972 - 2008 - Biodegradation in contaminated aquifers: Incorporating microbial/molecular methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:06:53.053014","indexId":"70212972","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-02T10:13:57","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation in contaminated aquifers: Incorporating microbial/molecular methods","docAbstract":"In order to evaluate natural attenuation in contaminated aquifers, there has been a recent recognition that a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating microbial and molecular methods, is required. Observed decreases in contaminant mass and identified footprints of biogeochemical reactions are often used as evidence of intrinsic bioremediation, but characterizing the structure and function of the microbial populations at contaminated sites is needed. In this paper, we review the experimental approaches and microbial methods that are available as tools to evaluate the controls on microbially mediated degradation processes in contaminated aquifers. We discuss the emerging technologies used in biogeochemical studies and present a synthesis of recent studies that serve as models of integrating microbiological approaches with more traditional geochemical and hydrogeologic approaches in order to address important biogeochemical questions about contaminant fate.
Like other great desert rivers, the Colorado River in the United States and Mexico is highly regulated to provide water for human use. No water is officially allotted to support the natural ecosystems in the delta of the river in Mexico. However, precipitation is inherently variable in this watershed, and from 1981–2004, 15% of the mean annual flow of the Lower Colorado River has entered the riparian corridor below the last diversion point for water in Mexico. These flows include flood releases from US dams and much smaller administrative spills released back to the river from irrigators in the US and Mexico. These flows have germinated new cohorts of native cottonwood and willow trees and have established an active aquatic ecosystem in the riparian corridor in Mexico. We used ground and remote-sensing methods to determine the composition and fractional cover of the vegetation in the riparian corridor, its annual water consumption, and the sources of water that support the ecosystem. The study covered the period 2000–2004, a flood year followed by 4 dry years. The riparian corridor occupies 30,000 ha between flood control levees in Mexico. Annual evapotranspiration (ET), estimated by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite imagery calibrated against moisture flux tower data, was about 1.1 m yr−1 and was fairly constant throughout the study period despite a paucity of surface flows 2001–2004. Total ET averaged 3.4×108 m3 yr−1, about 15% of Colorado River water entering Mexico from the US Surface flows could have played only a small part in supporting these high ET losses. We conclude that the riparian ET is supported mainly by the shallow regional aquifer, derived from agricultural return flows, that approaches the surface in the riparian zone. Nevertheless, surface flows are important in germinating cohorts of native trees, in washing salts from the soil and aquifer, and in providing aquatic habitat, thereby enriching the habitat value of the riparian corridor for birds and other wildlife. Conservation and water management strategies to enhance the delta habitats are discussed in light of the findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.04.010","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E., Hinojosa-Huerta, O., Zamora, F., and Howard, K.A., 2008, Riparian vegetation dynamics and evapotranspiration in the riparian corridor in the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 88, no. 4, p. 864-874, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.04.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"864","endPage":"874","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel","contributorId":167198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinojosa-Huerta","given":"Osvel","affiliations":[{"id":24640,"text":"Pronatura Noroeste","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zamora, Francisco","contributorId":80396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179452,"text":"70179452 - 2008 - Survival and migration behavior of juvenile salmonids at Lower Granite Dam, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T11:53:42","indexId":"70179452","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Survival and migration behavior of juvenile salmonids at Lower Granite Dam, 2006","docAbstract":"We described behavior and estimated passage and survival parameters of juvenile salmonids during spring and summer migration periods at Lower Granite Dam in 2006. During the spring, the study was designed to examine the effects of the Behavioral Guidance Structure (BGS) by using a randomized-block BGS Stored / BGS Deployed treatment design. The summer study was designed to compare passage and survival through Lower Granite Dam using a randomized-block design during two spill treatments while the BGS was in the stored position. We used the Route Specific Survival Model to estimate survival and passage probabilities of hatchery yearling Chinook salmon, hatchery juvenile steelhead, and hatchery and wild subyearling Chinook salmon. We also estimated fish guidance efficiency (FGE), fish passage efficiency (FPE), Removable Spillway Weir passage effectiveness (RPE), spill passage effectiveness (SPY), and combined spill and RSW passage effectiveness.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Fielding, S.D., Braatz, A.C., Wilkerson, T.S., Pope, A.C., Walker, C.E., Hardiman, J.M., Perry, R.W., and Counihan, T.D., 2008, Survival and migration behavior of juvenile salmonids at Lower Granite Dam, 2006, xx., 96 p. .","productDescription":"xx., 96 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon,Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River, Columbia River, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.37744140625,\n 45.97024259702345\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -119.05883789062501,\n 46.27863122156088\n ],\n [\n -118.52600097656249,\n 46.64189395892872\n ],\n [\n -117.7239990234375,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -117.32299804687499,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -116.883544921875,\n 46.49082901981415\n ],\n [\n -116.07604980468749,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -116.00189208984374,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -116.69952392578124,\n 46.34123949998618\n ],\n [\n -116.35620117187499,\n 45.44086267178177\n ],\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 45.03859654645257\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 44.351350365612326\n ],\n [\n -117.27905273437499,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -116.7681884765625,\n 45.75985868785574\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 46.27863122156088\n ],\n [\n -117.5811767578125,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -118.82263183593749,\n 46.145588688591964\n ],\n [\n -119.014892578125,\n 45.80965764997408\n ],\n [\n -119.3609619140625,\n 45.82497145796607\n ],\n [\n -119.37744140625,\n 45.97024259702345\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc698e4b0f5ce109fa95d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fielding, Scott D.","contributorId":41115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braatz, Amy C.","contributorId":57989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatz","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilkerson, Tamara S.","contributorId":177853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkerson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247 apope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":5664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","email":"apope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walker, Christopher E.","contributorId":65938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70198267,"text":"70198267 - 2008 - Magmatically triggered slow slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T19:47:22.400524","indexId":"70198267","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatically triggered slow slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"We demonstrate that a recent dike intrusion probably triggered a slow fault-slip event (SSE) on Kilauea volcano's mobile south flank. Our analysis combined models of Advanced Land Observing Satellite interferometric dike-intrusion displacement maps with continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement vectors to show that deformation nearly identical to four previous SSEs at Kilauea occurred at far-field sites shortly after the intrusion. We model stress changes because of both secular deformation and the intrusion and find that both would increase the Coulomb failure stress on possible SSE slip surfaces by roughly the same amount. These results, in concert with the observation that none of the previous SSEs at Kilauea was directly preceded by intrusions but rather occurred during times of normal background deformation, suggest that both extrinsic (intrusion-triggering) and intrinsic (secular fault creep) fault processes can lead to SSEs.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1159007","usgsCitation":"Brooks, B.A., Foster, J., Sandwell, D., Wolfe, C.J., Okubo, P.G., Poland, M.P., and Myer, D., 2008, Magmatically triggered slow slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Science, v. 321, no. 5893, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159007.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1177","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5938720703125,\n 18.92187618976372\n ],\n [\n -155.3082275390625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ],\n [\n -154.7479248046875,\n 19.331878440818787\n ],\n [\n -154.7149658203125,\n 19.54943746814108\n ],\n [\n -155.1983642578125,\n 19.564966221479995\n ],\n [\n -155.3631591796875,\n 19.580493479202527\n ],\n [\n -155.6158447265625,\n 19.48730751856426\n ],\n [\n -155.6817626953125,\n 19.088075584093136\n ],\n [\n -155.5938720703125,\n 18.92187618976372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"321","issue":"5893","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, James","contributorId":38598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandwell, David","contributorId":190237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandwell","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, Cecily J. 0000-0003-3144-5697 cwolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-5697","contributorId":191613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Cecily","email":"cwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":740808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Myer, David","contributorId":206497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myer","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70236461,"text":"70236461 - 2008 - Short-term response of methane fluxes and methanogen activity to water table and soil warming manipulations in an Alaskan peatland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T16:06:07.384529","indexId":"70236461","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-26T10:48:53","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7359,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term response of methane fluxes and methanogen activity to water table and soil warming manipulations in an Alaskan peatland","docAbstract":"Growing season CH4 fluxes were monitored over a two year period following the start of ecosystem-scale manipulations of water table position and surface soil temperatures in a moderate rich fen in interior Alaska. The largest CH4 fluxes occurred in plots that received both flooding (raised water table position) and soil warming, while the lowest fluxes occurred in unwarmed plots in the lowered water table treatment. A combination of treatment and soil hydroclimate variables explained more than 70% of the variation in ln-transformed CH4 fluxes, with mean daily water table position representing the strongest predictor. We used quantitative PCR of the α-subunit of mcr operon to explore the influence of soil climate manipulations on methanogen abundances. Methanogen abundances were greatest in warmed plots, and showed a positive relationship with mean daily CH4 fluxes. Our results show that water table manipulations that led to soil inundation (flooding) had a stronger effect on CH4 fluxes than water table drawdown. Seasonal CH4 fluxes increased by 80–300% under the combined wetter and warmer soil climate treatments. Thus, while warming is expected to increase CH4 emissions from Alaskan wetlands, higher water table positions caused by increases in precipitation or disturbances such as permafrost thaw that lead to thermokarst and flooding in wetlands will stimulate CH4 emissions beyond the effects of soil warming alone. Consequently, we argue that modeling the effects of climate change on Alaskan wetland CH4 emissions needs to consider the interactive effects of soil warming and water table position on CH4 production and transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007JG000496","usgsCitation":"Turetsky, M.R., Treat, C., Waldrop, M., Waddington, J., Harden, J.W., and McGuire, A.D., 2008, Short-term response of methane fluxes and methanogen activity to water table and soil warming manipulations in an Alaskan peatland: Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, v. 113, no. G3, G00A10, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000496.","productDescription":"G00A10, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000496","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.95,\n 64.9\n ],\n [\n -147.75,\n 64.9\n ],\n [\n -147.75,\n 64.76\n ],\n [\n -147.95,\n 64.76\n ],\n [\n -147.95,\n 64.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"G3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turetsky, M. 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M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":851100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":86137,"text":"ds357 - 2008 - Bathymetric Surveys of Lake Arthur and Raccoon Lake, Pennsylvania, June 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:14:57","indexId":"ds357","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"357","title":"Bathymetric Surveys of Lake Arthur and Raccoon Lake, Pennsylvania, June 2007","docAbstract":"In spring of 2007, bathymetric surveys of two Pennsylvania State Park lakes were performed to collect accurate data sets of lake-bed elevations and to develop methods and techniques to conduct similar surveys across the state. The lake-bed elevations and associated geographical position data can be merged with land-surface elevations acquired through Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) techniques. Lake Arthur in Butler County and Raccoon Lake in Beaver County were selected for this initial data-collection activity. In order to establish accurate water-surface elevations during the surveys, benchmarks referenced to NAVD 88 were established on land at each lake by use of differential global positioning system (DGPS) surveys. Bathymetric data were collected using a single beam, 210 kilohertz (kHz) echo sounder and were coupled with the DGPS position data utilizing a computer software package. Transects of depth data were acquired at predetermined intervals on each lake, and the shoreline was delineated using a laser range finder and compass module. Final X, Y, Z coordinates of the geographic positions and lake-bed elevations were referenced to NAD 83 and NAVD 88 and are available to create bathymetric maps of the lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds357","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hittle, C.D., and Ruby, A.T., 2008, Bathymetric Surveys of Lake Arthur and Raccoon Lake, Pennsylvania, June 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 357, Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendix (ZIP File), https://doi.org/10.3133/ds357.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendix (ZIP File)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-01","temporalEnd":"2007-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11704,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/357/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.58333333333333,40.333333333333336 ], [ -80.58333333333333,41 ], [ -79.58333333333333,41 ], [ -79.58333333333333,40.333333333333336 ], [ -80.58333333333333,40.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hittle, Clinton D. cdhittle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Clinton","email":"cdhittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruby, A. Thomas III","contributorId":48270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruby","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86131,"text":"sir20085139 - 2008 - Development of a Monitoring Protocol to Detect Ecological Change in the Intertidal Zone of Sitka National Historical Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:25","indexId":"sir20085139","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5139","title":"Development of a Monitoring Protocol to Detect Ecological Change in the Intertidal Zone of Sitka National Historical Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"A pilot study to develop and test a probability-based intertidal monitoring protocol for Sitka National Historical Park was conducted from 1999 to 2003. In 1999, the basic design, with a focus on sampling the whole of the designated intertidal was created, and sampling was conducted for sessile species and large mobile invertebrates by point-intercept sampling of vertical transects and band surveys along transects, respectively. In 2002 and 2003, the same types of sampling were conducted, but quadrat sampling for small mobile invertebrates was added and then modified. This project has produced basic data on the presence, abundance, and spatial distribution of substrates and intertidal biota. Additionally, statistical power analyses conducted on the biological data have allowed assessment of the ability of the sampling to detect trends in the abundance of the predominant species. Current sampling has an 80 percent probability to detect +10 percent annual changes in abundance of all targeted species with an a = 0.05; the ability to detect -10 percent trends is not as uniformly high. Various options are discussed for decreasing the spatial variance of the data. The information presented provides a basis for discussion of the major questions being asked, how the sampling design might be reconfigured to be consistent in approach, and how the intertidal monitoring should interface with other potential intertidal monitoring.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Southeast Alaska Coastal Cluster Program and Sitka National Historical Park","usgsCitation":"Irvine, G.V., and Madison, E.N., 2008, Development of a Monitoring Protocol to Detect Ecological Change in the Intertidal Zone of Sitka National Historical Park, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5139, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085139.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11698,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5139.png"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Gail V. girvine@usgs.gov","contributorId":2368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Gail","email":"girvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madison, Erica N. emadison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"Erica","email":"emadison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86126,"text":"ofr20081120 - 2008 - User's Manual for the Object User Interface (OUI): An Environmental Resource Modeling Framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20081120","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1120","title":"User's Manual for the Object User Interface (OUI): An Environmental Resource Modeling Framework","docAbstract":"The Object User Interface is a computer application that provides a framework for coupling environmental-resource models and for managing associated temporal and spatial data. The Object User Interface is designed to be easily extensible to incorporate models and data interfaces defined by the user. Additionally, the Object User Interface is highly configurable through the use of a user-modifiable, text-based control file that is written in the eXtensible Markup Language. The Object User Interface user's manual provides (1) installation instructions, (2) an overview of the graphical user interface, (3) a description of the software tools, (4) a project example, and (5) specifications for user configuration and extension.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081120","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., and Koczot, K.M., 2008, User's Manual for the Object User Interface (OUI): An Environmental Resource Modeling Framework (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1120, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081120.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11693,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86125,"text":"ofr20081024 - 2008 - A Regional Approach to Wildlife Monitoring Related to Energy Exploration and Development in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr20081024","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1024","title":"A Regional Approach to Wildlife Monitoring Related to Energy Exploration and Development in Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is currently developing a National Monitoring Strategy that will guide efforts to create an efficient and effective process for monitoring land health by BLM. To inform the ongoing development of the national strategy, BLM selected two States (Colorado, Alaska) to serve as focal areas on which to base a flexible framework for developing monitoring programs that evaluate wildlife responses to energy development. \r\nWe developed a three-phase monitoring plan to serve as a template and applied it to the design of a monitoring program for the Colorado focal area (White River and Glenwood Springs Field Offices of the BLM). Phase I is a synthesis and assessment of current conditions that capitalizes on existing but under used data sources. A key component is the use of existing habitat and landscape models to evaluate the cumulative effects of surface disturbance. Phase II is the data collection process that uses information provided in Phase I to refine management objectives and provide a linkage to management decisions. The linkage is established through targeted monitoring, adaptive management, and research. Phase III establishes priorities and strategies for regional and national monitoring, and facilitates coordination among other land management agencies and organizations. The three phases are designed to be flexible and complementary. \r\nThe monitoring plan guides an iterative process that is performed incrementally, beginning with the highest-priority species and management issues, while building on lessons learned and coordination among administrative levels. The activities associated with each phase can be repeated or updated as new information, data, or tools become available. This allows the development of a monitoring program that expands gradually and allows for rapid implementation. \r\nA demonstration application of the three-phase monitoring plan was conducted for a study area encompassing five BLM field offices in Colorado: White River, Glenwood Springs, Kremmling, Grand Junction, and Little Snake. The overall study area was selected to encompass the primary distribution of sagebrush and greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Colorado and to provide a larger context for evaluating priority management issues of the White River and Glenwood Springs Field Offices. Within the study area, we selected an additional scale of analysis: the Roan Plateau, an area of increased energy development. We focused our demonstration project on the primary objectives identified by the BLM and other stakeholders: (1) How do we evaluate the cumulative effects of energy development and mitigation activities on species of management interest or concern? (2) How can cumulative effects, including direct and indirect effects, be quantified relative to natural variation? (3) How can we implement compliance and effectiveness monitoring to determine whether lease stipulations are met and restoration/mitigation goals are achieved? \r\nWe targeted greater sage-grouse because this species was identified as a monitoring priority for the White River Field Office. We also evaluated landscape-level indices to address fragmentation resulting from surface disturbance. The primary purpose of this exercise was to highlight the types of analyses and approaches that could be used to evaluate energy development in an application of the three-phase framework. We provide examples of Phase I products that can be used to guide the refinement of management objectives, development of adaptive management and research frameworks, and planning activities in Phase II. Finally, we report on the BLM's National Sage-Grouse Habitat Conservation Strategy as an example of Phase III activities. \r\nThe development of an effective monitoring program is a daunting task, and will be difficult to implement by the BLM independently due to the current work load of staff. However, the scientific expertise and experience for developing cr","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N.B., Bowen, Z.H., Ouren, D.S., and Farmer, A.H., 2008, A Regional Approach to Wildlife Monitoring Related to Energy Exploration and Development in Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1024, vii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081024.","productDescription":"vii, 66 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11692,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.08333333333333,38 ], [ -109.08333333333333,41 ], [ -105,41 ], [ -105,38 ], [ -109.08333333333333,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4966e4b0b290850ef20f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, Natasha B.","contributorId":23116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ouren, Douglas S. ourend@usgs.gov","contributorId":1931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"Douglas","email":"ourend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70258394,"text":"70258394 - 2008 - Development of Landsat-5 thematic mapper internal calibrator gain and offset table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T16:25:12.563078","indexId":"70258394","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-20T11:20:30","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of Landsat-5 thematic mapper internal calibrator gain and offset table","docAbstract":"The National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) has been the primary processing system for Landsat data since U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) started archiving Landsat data. NLAPS converts raw satellite data into radiometrically and geometrically calibrated products. NLAPS has historically used the Internal Calibrator (IC) to calibrate the reflective bands of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), even though the lamps in the IC were less stable than the TM detectors, as evidenced by vicarious calibration results. In 2003, a major effort was made to model the actual TM gain change and to update NLAPS to use this model rather than the unstable IC data for radiometric calibration. The model coefficients were revised in 2007 to reflect greater understanding of the changes in the TM responsivity. While the calibration updates are important to users with recently processed data, the processing system no longer calculates the original IC gain or offset. For specific applications, it is useful to have a record of the gain and offset actually applied to the older data. Thus, the NLAPS calibration database was used to generate estimated daily values for the radiometric gain and offset that might have been applied to TM data. This paper discusses the need for and generation of the NLAPS IC gain and offset tables. A companion paper covers the application of and errors associated with using these tables.
","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"August 11-13, 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","usgsCitation":"Barsi, J.A., Chander, G., Micijevic, E., Markham, B.L., and Haque, O., 2008, Development of Landsat-5 thematic mapper internal calibrator gain and offset table, Earth Observing Systems XIII, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, August 11-13, 2008, 708115.","productDescription":"708115","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barsi, Julia A.","contributorId":71822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":913187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markham, Brian L. 0000-0002-9612-8169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-8169","contributorId":121488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haque, Obaidul 0000-0002-0914-1446 ohaque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":4691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haque","given":"Obaidul","email":"ohaque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":913190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86111,"text":"fs20083063 - 2008 - Distribution of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water in Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"fs20083063","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3063","title":"Distribution of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water in Washington State","docAbstract":"More than 60 percent of the population of Washington State uses ground water for their drinking and cooking needs. Nitrate concentrations in ground water are elevated in parts of the State as a result of various land-use practices, including fertilizer application, dairy operations and ranching, and septic-system use. Shallow wells generally are more vulnerable to nitrate contamination than deeper wells (Williamson and others, 1998; Ebbert and others, 2000).\r\n\r\nIn order to protect public health, the Washington State Department of Health requires that public water systems regularly measure nitrate in their wells. Public water systems serving more than 25 people collect water samples at least annually; systems serving from 2 to 14 people collect water samples at least every 3 years. Private well owners serving one residence may be required to sample when the well is first drilled, but are unregulated after that. As a result, limited information is available to citizens and public health officials about potential exposure to elevated nitrate concentrations for people whose primary drinking-water sources are private wells. The U.S. Geological Survey and Washington State Department of Health collaborated to examine water-quality data from public water systems and develop models that calculate the probability of detecting elevated nitrate concentrations in ground water. Maps were then developed to estimate ground water vulnerability to nitrate in areas where limited data are available.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083063","usgsCitation":"Frans, L., 2008, Distribution of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water in Washington State: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3063, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083063.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3063.jpg"},{"id":11674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.75,45.5 ], [ -124.75,49 ], [ -116.91666666666667,49 ], [ -116.91666666666667,45.5 ], [ -124.75,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna","contributorId":79577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86106,"text":"sir20075281 - 2008 - The Yukon Flats Cretaceous(?)-Tertiary extensional basin, east-central Alaska: Burial and thermal history modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T19:55:59.547464","indexId":"sir20075281","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5281","title":"The Yukon Flats Cretaceous(?)-Tertiary extensional basin, east-central Alaska: Burial and thermal history modeling","docAbstract":"One-dimensional burial and thermal history modeling of the Yukon Flats basin, east-central Alaska, was conducted as part of an assessment of the region’s undiscovered oil and gas resources. No deep exploratory wells have been drilled in the Yukon Flats region, and the subsurface geology of the basin is inferred from seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic surveys, and studies of shallow core holes in the basin and outcrops in the surrounding region. A thick sequence of Upper Cretaceous(?) and Cenozoic nonmarine sedimentary rocks is believed to fill the basin; coal and organic-rich mudstone and shale within this sequence represent potential hydrocarbon source rocks. The burial and thermal history models presented here represent the sole source of information on the thermal maturity of these potential source rocks at depth. We present four alternative burial history scenarios for a hypothetical well through the deepest portion of Yukon Flats basin. They differ from each other in the thicknesses of Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata, the timing of initial basin subsidence, and the timing of inferred unconformities. The burial modeling results suggest a present-day depth to the oil window of approximately 6,000 feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075281","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E.L., and Stanley, R.G., 2008, The Yukon Flats Cretaceous(?)-Tertiary extensional basin, east-central Alaska: Burial and thermal history modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5281, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075281.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5281.jpg"},{"id":415946,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84176.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.55,\n 65.3333\n ],\n [\n -149.55,\n 67.2333\n ],\n [\n -142.45,\n 67.2333\n ],\n [\n -142.45,\n 65.3333\n ],\n [\n -149.55,\n 65.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cbda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Elisabeth L. 0000-0001-5753-6189 erowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":2075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Elisabeth","email":"erowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}