{"pageNumber":"894","pageRowStart":"22325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":5224728,"text":"5224728 - 2006 - Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park:  Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:51:12","indexId":"5224728","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2416,"text":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park:  Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements","docAbstract":"The rock outcrops and cliffs of Shenandoah National Park provide habitat for several rare and endangered plant and animal species, including the federally endangered Shenandoah Salamander (Plethodon shenandoah; Ludwig et al., 1993).  The location of the well-known park tour road, Skyline Drive, along the ridgeline provides exceptional access to many outcrops and cliffs throughout the park for a large number of the park?s 1.2 million annual visitors.  Consequently, visitor use of cliff areas has led to natural resource impacts, including marked decreases in size and vigor of known rare plant populations.  Despite the clear ecological value and potential threats to the natural resources at cliff areas, managers possess little information on visitor use of cliff sites and presently have no formal planning document to guide management.  Thus, a park wide study of cliff sites was initiated during the 2005 visitor use season.  As part of this research effort, our study used an integrative approach to study recreational use and visitor-caused resource impacts at one of the more heavily visited cliff sites in the park: Little Stony Man Cliffs (LSMC).  In particular, this study integrated data from resource impact measurements and visitor use observation to help assess the effects of recreational use on the natural resources of LSMC.  Procedures derived from campsite and trail impact studies were used to measure and characterize the amount of visitor-caused resource impacts on LSMC (Marion & Leung, 2001; Marion, 1995).  Visitor use observations were conducted on top of LSMC to document and characterize the type and amount of recreational use the cliffs receive and the behaviors of recreationists that may contribute to cliff-top resource impacts.  Resource impact measurement data show trampling disturbance present at LSMC, characterized by vegetation loss, exposed soil, and root exposure.  Documentation of informal trails, soil erosion, tree damage, and tree stumps provide further indicators of resource damage at LSMC.  Results of visitor use observation offer several insights into contributory factors of cliff-top resource damage by showing differences in use and behavior between visitor types.  The findings from this study suggest that a management approach characterized by visitor education, some site hardening, and concentration of visitor use on durable surfaces, along with the installation of fixed anchors at the top of popular climbing routes is likely to have the greatest success at balancing visitor enjoyment with resource protection at LSMC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6680_Wood.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wood, K., Lawson, S., and Marion, J., 2006, Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park:  Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements: Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, v. 24, no. 4, p. 86-110.","productDescription":"86-110","startPage":"86","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269473,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://js.sagamorepub.com/jpra/article/view/1396"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, K.T.","contributorId":87658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawson, S.R.","contributorId":14083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224731,"text":"5224731 - 2006 - Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal eosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:12:02","indexId":"5224731","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal eosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large-scale, multispecies monitoring programs are widely used to assess changes in wildlife populations but they often assume constant detectability when documenting species occurrence. This assumption is rarely met in practice because animal populations vary across time and space. As a result, detectability of a species can be influenced by a number of physical, biological, or anthropogenic factors (e.g., weather, seasonality, topography, biological rhythms, sampling methods). To evaluate some of these influences, we estimated site occupancy rates using species-specific detection probabilities for meso- and large terrestrial mammal species on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. We used model selection to assess the influence of different sampling methods and major environmental factors on our ability to detect individual species. Remote cameras detected the most species (9), followed by cubby boxes (7) and hair traps (4) over a 13-month period. Estimated site occupancy rates were similar among sampling methods for most species when detection probabilities exceeded 0.15, but we question estimates obtained from methods with detection probabilities between 0.05 and 0.15, and we consider methods with lower probabilities unacceptable for occupancy estimation and inference. Estimated detection probabilities can be used to accommodate variation in sampling methods, which allows for comparison of monitoring programs using different protocols. Vegetation and seasonality produced species-specific differences in detectability and occupancy, but differences were not consistent within or among species, which suggests that our results should be considered in the context of local habitat features and life history traits for the target species. We believe that site occupancy is a useful state variable and suggest that monitoring programs for mammals using occupancy data consider detectability prior to making inferences about species distributions or population change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"O’Connell, A.F., Talancy, N.W., Bailey, L., Sauer, J., Cook, R., and Gilbert, A.T., 2006, Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal eosystem: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1625-1633, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1625","endPage":"1633","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connell, Allan F. 0000-0001-7032-7023 aoconnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Allan","email":"aoconnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talancy, Neil W.","contributorId":88454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talancy","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, Robert","contributorId":176416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew T.","contributorId":100974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224698,"text":"5224698 - 2006 - Evaluation of osprey habitat suitability and interaction with contaminant exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224698","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of osprey habitat suitability and interaction with contaminant exposure","docAbstract":"Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) have been the focus of conservation efforts since their dramatic population decline attributed to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and related chemicals in the 1960s.  Several recent studies of ospreys nesting in the United States have indicated improved reproduction.  However, the density of breeding ospreys varies greatly among locations, with some areas seemingly habitable but not occupied.  Because of concerns about pollution in the highly industrialized portions of the Delaware River and Bay, USA, we evaluated contaminant exposure and productivity in ospreys nesting on the Delaware River and Bay in 2002.  We characterized habitat in the coastal zone of Delaware, USA, and the area around the river in Pennsylvania, USA, using data we collected as well as extant information provided by state and federal sources.  We characterized habitat based on locations of occupied osprey nests in Delaware and Pennsylvania.  We evaluated water clarity, water depth, land use and land cover, nest availability, and contaminants in sediment for use in a nest-occupancy model.  Our results demonstrated that the presence of occupied nests was associated with water depth, water clarity, distance to an occupied osprey nest, and presence of urban land use, whereas a companion study demonstrated that hatching success was associated with the principal components derived from organochlorine-contaminant concentrations in osprey eggs (total polychlorinated biphenyls, p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene, chlordane and metabolites, and heptachlor epoxide).  Our study provides guidelines for resource managers and local conservation organizations in management of ospreys and in development of habitat models that are appropriate for other piscivorous and marsh-nesting birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6630_Toschik.pdf","usgsCitation":"Toschik, P.C., Christman, M.C., Rattner, B., and Ottinger, M.A., 2006, Evaluation of osprey habitat suitability and interaction with contaminant exposure: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 977-988.","productDescription":"977-988","startPage":"977","endPage":"988","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16795,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F0022-541X%282006%2970%5B977%3AEOOHSA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fac9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toschik, P. C.","contributorId":18879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toschik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christman, M. C.","contributorId":55122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224690,"text":"5224690 - 2006 - Evaluating cytochrome p450 in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) by monooxygenase activity and immunohistochemistry: Possible nonlethal assessment by skin immunohistochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224690","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating cytochrome p450 in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) by monooxygenase activity and immunohistochemistry: Possible nonlethal assessment by skin immunohistochemistry","docAbstract":"Six-month-old lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were injected intraperitoneally with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil or in vehicle alone.  Liver samples were taken and stored at -80 degrees C until microsome preparation and monooxygenase assay.  Skin samples were placed in buffered formalin for subsequent immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A).  Lesser scaup treated with BNF at 20 or 100 mg/kg body weight showed approximately 6- to 18-fold increases in four monooxygenases (benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, methoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, and pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase).  No IHC response was observed for CYP1A in the skin of vehicle-injected ducks, whereas in the skin from BNF-treated ducks, the positive IHC response was of similar magnitude for both dose levels of BNF.  Tree swallows injected with BNF at 100 mg/kg, but not at. 20 mg/kg, showed significant increases (approximately fivefold) in hepatic microsomal O-dealkylase activities.  Cytochrome P4501A was undetectable by IHC response in skin from corn oil-treated swallows, but positive IHC responses were observed in the skin of one of five swallows at 20 mg/kg and four of five swallows at 100 mg/kg.  Although these data do not allow construction of significant dose-response curves, the IHC responses for CYP1A in skin support the possible use of this nonlethal approach for biomonitoring contaminant exposure of birds.  In addition, the CYP1A signal observed at the bases of emerging feathers suggest that these might provide less invasive sampling sites for IHC analysis of CYP1A.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6622_Melancon.pdf","usgsCitation":"Melancon, M.J., Kutay, A., Woodin, B.R., and Stegeman, J.J., 2006, Evaluating cytochrome p450 in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) by monooxygenase activity and immunohistochemistry: Possible nonlethal assessment by skin immunohistochemistry: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2613-2617.","productDescription":"2613-2617","startPage":"2613","endPage":"2617","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16789,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122675710/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kutay, A.L.","contributorId":19672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kutay","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodin, Bruce R.","contributorId":96632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodin","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224696,"text":"5224696 - 2006 - Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224696","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis","docAbstract":"Planning land-use for biodiversity conservation frequently involves computer-assisted reserve selection algorithms.  Typically such algorithms operate on matrices of species presence?absence in sites, or on species-specific distributions of model predicted probabilities of occurrence in grid cells.  There are practically always errors in input data?erroneous species presence?absence data, structural and parametric uncertainty in predictive habitat models, and lack of correspondence between temporal presence and long-run persistence.  Despite these uncertainties, typical reserve selection methods proceed as if there is no uncertainty in the data or models.  Having two conservation options of apparently equal biological value, one would prefer the option whose value is relatively insensitive to errors in planning inputs.  In this work we show how uncertainty analysis for reserve planning can be implemented within a framework of information-gap decision theory, generating reserve designs that are robust to uncertainty.  Consideration of uncertainty involves modifications to the typical objective functions used in reserve selection.  Search for robust-optimal reserve structures can still be implemented via typical reserve selection optimization techniques, including stepwise heuristics, integer-programming and stochastic global search.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6628_Moilanen.pdf","usgsCitation":"Moilanen, A., Runge, M., Elith, J., Tyre, A., Carmel, Y., Fegraus, E., Wintle, B., Burgman, M., and Ben-Haim, Y., 2006, Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis: Ecological Modelling, v. 199, no. 1, p. 115-124.","productDescription":"115-124","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16793,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBS-4KNKH0N-1&_user=696292&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AC-MsSAYVW-UUA-U-AAZZUDWYUW-AAZBZCBZUW-ZEABVDAD-AC-U&_fmt=summary&_coverDate=11%2F01%2F2006&_rdoc=12&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235934%232006%23998009998%23634495!&_cdi=5934&view=c&_acct=C000038819&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=696292&md5=fbc57c11ecfbaf549d2cbc115ba6713e","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moilanen, A.","contributorId":91214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moilanen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elith, Jane","contributorId":14546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elith","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyre, A.","contributorId":58741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyre","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carmel, Y.","contributorId":106613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmel","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fegraus, E.","contributorId":44645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fegraus","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wintle, B.A.","contributorId":72100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintle","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burgman, M.","contributorId":13723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ben-Haim, Y.","contributorId":73315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Haim","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":5220585,"text":"5220585 - 2006 - Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"5220585","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling","docAbstract":"Although wide-ranging, elusive, large carnivore species, such as the tiger, are of scientific and conservation interest, rigorous inferences about their population dynamics are scarce because of methodological problems of sampling populations at the required spatial and temporal scales.  We report the application of a rigorous, noninvasive method for assessing tiger population dynamics to test model-based predictions about population viability.  We obtained photographic capture histories for 74 individual tigers during a nine-year study involving 5725 trap-nights of effort.  These data were modeled under a likelihood-based, ?robust design? capture?recapture analytic framework.  We explicitly modeled and estimated ecological parameters such as time-specific abundance, density, survival, recruitment, temporary emigration, and transience, using models that incorporated effects of factors such as individual heterogeneity, trap-response, and time on probabilities of photo-capturing tigers.  The model estimated a random temporary emigration parameter of =K' =Y' 0.10 ? 0.069 (values are estimated mean ? SE).  When scaled to an annual basis, tiger survival rates were estimated at S = 0.77 ? 0.051, and the estimated probability that a newly caught animal was a transient was = 0.18 ? 0.11.  During the period when the sampled area was of constant size, the estimated population size Nt varied from 17 ? 1.7 to 31 ? 2.1 tigers, with a geometric mean rate of annual population change estimated as = 1.03 ? 0.020, representing a 3% annual increase.  The estimated recruitment of new animals, Bt, varied from 0 ? 3.0 to 14 ? 2.9 tigers.  Population density estimates, D, ranged from 7.33 ? 0.8 tigers/100 km2 to 21.73 ? 1.7 tigers/100 km2 during the study.  Thus, despite substantial annual losses and temporal variation in recruitment, the tiger density remained at relatively high levels in Nagarahole.  Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that protected wild tiger populations can remain healthy despite heavy mortalities because of their inherently high reproductive potential.  The ability to model the entire photographic capture history data set and incorporate reduced-parameter models led to estimates of mean annual population change that were sufficiently precise to be useful.  This efficient, noninvasive sampling approach can be used to rigorously investigate the population dynamics of tigers and other elusive, rare, wide-ranging animal species in which individuals can be identified from photographs or other means.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6637_Karanth.pdf","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., Nichols, J., Kumar, S., and Hines, J., 2006, Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling: Ecology, v. 87, no. 11, p. 2925-2937.","productDescription":"2925-2937","startPage":"2925","endPage":"2937","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16797,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87%5B2925%3AATPDUP%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K. U.","contributorId":23645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":17714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224662,"text":"5224662 - 2006 - Efficacy of methoprene for mosquito control in storm water catch basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224662","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2522,"text":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of methoprene for mosquito control in storm water catch basins","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the efficacy of methoprene, a widely used juvenile hormone mimic, formulated as 30-day slow release Altosid? pellets, at controlling mosquitoes in underground storm water drainage catch basins.  Data from applications to ?-sized cement catch basins in the laboratory, field observations from treated and untreated basins, and an experiment that confined mosquito larvae in floating emergence jars in catch basins showed that methoprene effectively controlled mosquitoes for a month under field conditions and substantially longer under laboratory conditions when applied at a dose of 3.5 g pellets per average-sized catch basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6580_Butler.pdf","usgsCitation":"Butler, M., LeBrun, R., Ginsberg, H., and Gettman, A., 2006, Efficacy of methoprene for mosquito control in storm water catch basins: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, v. 22, no. 2, p. 333-338.","productDescription":"333-338","startPage":"333","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16771,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2987%2F8756-971X%282006%2922%5B333%3AEOMFMC%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f6cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, M.","contributorId":30313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBrun, R.A.","contributorId":43068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBrun","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gettman, A.D.","contributorId":62308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettman","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224649,"text":"5224649 - 2006 - Fish assemblage responses to water withdrawals and water supply reservoirs in Piedmont streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-14T15:11:25.174583","indexId":"5224649","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblage responses to water withdrawals and water supply reservoirs in Piedmont streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding effects of flow alteration on stream biota is essential to developing ecologically sustainable water supply strategies. We evaluated effects of altering flows via surface water withdrawals and instream reservoirs on stream fish assemblages, and compared effects with other hypothesized drivers of species richness and assemblage composition. We sampled fishes during three years in 28 streams used for municipal water supply in the Piedmont region of Georgia, U.S.A. Study sites had permitted average withdrawal rates that ranged from &lt; 0.05 to &gt; 13 times the stream’s seven-day, ten-year recurrence low flow (7Q10), and were located directly downstream either from a water supply reservoir or from a withdrawal taken from an unimpounded stream. Ordination analysis of catch data showed a shift in assemblage composition at reservoir sites corresponding to dominance by habitat generalist species. Richness of fluvial specialists averaged about 3 fewer species downstream from reservoirs, and also declined as permitted withdrawal rate increased above about 0.5 to one 7Q10-equivalent of water. Reservoir presence and withdrawal rate, along with drainage area, accounted for 70% of the among-site variance in fluvial specialist richness and were better predictor variables than percent of the catchment in urban land use or average streambed sediment size. Increasing withdrawal rate also increased the odds that a site’s Index of Biotic Integrity score fell below a regulatory threshold indicating biological impairment. Estimates of reservoir and withdrawal effects on stream biota could be used in predictive landscape models to support adaptive water supply planning intended to meet societal needs while conserving biological resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-005-0169-3","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., and Marcinek, P., 2006, Fish assemblage responses to water withdrawals and water supply reservoirs in Piedmont streams: Environmental Management, v. 38, no. 3, p. 435-450, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0169-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"450","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16760,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s00267-005-0169-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United  States","state":"Georgiq","otherGeospatial":"northwest Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.62744140625,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04541015625,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04541015625,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.62744140625,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.62744140625,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcinek, P.A.","contributorId":59152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcinek","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224650,"text":"5224650 - 2006 - Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: promises and pitfalls of new methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224650","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: promises and pitfalls of new methods","docAbstract":"Knowledge of animal abundance is fundamental to many ecological studies.  Frequently, researchers cannot determine true abundance, and so must estimate it using a method such as mark-recapture or distance sampling.  Recent advances in abundance estimation allow one to model heterogeneity with individual covariates or mixture distributions and to derive multimodel abundance estimators that explicitly address uncertainty about which model parameterization best represents truth.  Further, it is possible to borrow information on detection probability across several populations when data are sparse.  While promising, these methods have not been evaluated using mark?recapture data from populations of known abundance, and thus far have largely been overlooked by ecologists. In this paper, we explored the utility of newly developed mark?recapture methods for estimating the abundance of 12 captive populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus).  We found that mark?recapture methods employing individual covariates yielded satisfactory abundance estimates for most populations.  In contrast, model sets with heterogeneity formulations consisting solely of mixture distributions did not perform well for several of the populations.  We show through simulation that a higher number of trapping occasions would have been necessary to achieve good estimator performance in this case.  Finally, we show that simultaneous analysis of data from low abundance populations can yield viable abundance estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6562_Conn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Conn, P., Arthur, A., Bailey, L., and Singleton, G., 2006, Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: promises and pitfalls of new methods: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 2, p. 829-837.","productDescription":"829-837","startPage":"829","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, P.B.","contributorId":73974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, A.D.","contributorId":59153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singleton, G.R.","contributorId":89641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224643,"text":"5224643 - 2006 - Abundance of ringed seals (<i>Pusa hispida</i>) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:59:13","indexId":"5224643","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of ringed seals (<i>Pusa hispida</i>) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ringed seal (</span><i>Pusa hispida</i><span>) abundance in Spitsbergen, Svalbard, was estimated during the peak molting period </span><i>via</i><span> aerial, digital photographic surveys. A total of 9,145 images, covering 41.7%–100% of the total fast-ice cover (1,496 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of 18 different fjords and bays, were inspected for the presence of ringed seals. A total of 1,708 seals were counted, and when accounting for ice areas that were not covered by images, a total of 3,254 (95% CI: 3,071–3,449) ringed seals were estimated to be hauled out during the surveys. Extensive behavioral data from radio-tagged ringed seals (collected in a companion study) from one of the highest density fjords during the molting period were used to create a model that predicts the proportion of seals hauled out on any given date, time of day, and under various meteorological conditions. Applying this model to the count data from each fjord, we estimated that a total of 7,585 (95% CI: 6,332–9,085) ringed seals were present in the surveyed area during the peak molting period. Data on interannual variability in ringed seal abundance suggested higher numbers of seals in Van Keulenfjorden in 2002 compared to 2003, while other fjords with very stable ice cover showed no statistical differences. Poor ice conditions in general in 2002 probably resulted in seals from a wide area coming to Van Keulenfjorden (a large fjord with stable ice in 2002). The total estimated number of ringed seals present in the study area at the time of the survey must be regarded as a population index, or at least a minimum estimate for the area, because it does not account for individuals leaving and arriving, which might account for a considerable number of animals. The same situation is likely the case for many other studies reporting aerial census data for ringed seals. To achieve accurate estimates of population sizes from aerial surveys, more extensive knowledge of ringed seal behavior will be required.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x","usgsCitation":"Krafft, B., Kovacs, K., Andersen, M., Aars, J., Lydersen, C., Ergon, T., and Haug, T., 2006, Abundance of ringed seals (<i>Pusa hispida</i>) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period: Marine Mammal Science, v. 22, no. 2, p. 394-412, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"412","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krafft, B.A.","contributorId":38249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovacs, K.M.","contributorId":42319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacs","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, M.","contributorId":42320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lydersen, C.","contributorId":31494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydersen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ergon, T.","contributorId":7801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ergon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haug, T.","contributorId":76429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haug","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5224683,"text":"5224683 - 2006 - Hierarchical models of animal abundance and occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T13:14:18","indexId":"5224683","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical models of animal abundance and occurrence","docAbstract":"Much of animal ecology is devoted to studies of abundance and occurrence of species, based on surveys of spatially referenced sample units.  These surveys frequently yield sparse counts that are contaminated by imperfect detection, making direct inference about abundance or occurrence based on observational data infeasible.  This article describes a flexible hierarchical modeling framework for estimation and inference about animal abundance and occurrence from survey data that are subject to imperfect detection.  Within this framework, we specify models of abundance and detectability of animals at the level of the local populations defined by the sample units.  Information at the level of the local population is aggregated by specifying models that describe variation in abundance and detection among sites.  We describe likelihood-based and Bayesian methods for estimation and inference under the resulting hierarchical model.  We provide two examples of the application of hierarchical models to animal survey data, the first based on removal counts of stream fish and the second based on avian quadrat counts.  For both examples, we provide a Bayesian analysis of the models using the software WinBUGS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6616_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., and Dorazio, R., 2006, Hierarchical models of animal abundance and occurrence: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 3, p. 249-263.","productDescription":"249-263","startPage":"249","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16786,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.amstat.org/doi/abs/10.1198/108571106X129153","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224611,"text":"5224611 - 2006 - Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T16:46:33","indexId":"5224611","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) and Canada geese (<i>Branta canadensis</i>)","title":"Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis)","docAbstract":"<p><span>A recent Canada goose (</span><i>Branta canadensis</i><span>) die-off at a petroleum refinery fly ash pond in Delaware was attributed to vanadium (V) toxicity. Because of the paucity of V toxicity data for wild birds, a series of studies was undertaken using the forms of V believed to have resulted in this incident. In 7-d single oral dose trials with mallard drakes (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>), the estimated median lethal dose (LD50) for vanadium pentoxide was 113 mg/kg body weight, while the LD50 for sodium metavanadate was 75.5 mg/kg. Sodium metavanadate was found to be even more potent (LD50 = 37.2 mg/kg) in male Canada geese. The most distinctive histopathological lesion of both forms of V was lympho-granulocytic enteritis with hemorrhage into the intestinal lumen. Vanadium accumulation in liver and kidney was proportional to the administered dose, and predictive analyses based on these data suggest that V concentrations of 10 μg/g dry weight (dw) in liver and 25 μg/g dw in kidney are associated with mortality (&gt;90% confidence that exposure is &gt;LD50) in mallards acutely exposed to sodium metavanadate. Chronic exposure to increasing dietary concentrations of sodium metavanadate (38.5 to 2651 ppm) over 67 d resulted in V accumulation in liver and kidney (25.2 and 13.6 μg/g dw, respectively), mild intestinal hemorrhage, blood chemistry changes, and evidence of hepatic oxidative stress in mallards, although some of these responses may have been confounded by food avoidance and weight loss. Dietary exposure of mallards to 250 ppm sodium metavanadate for 4 wk resulted in modest accumulation of V in liver and kidney (&lt;5 μg/g dw) and mild intestinal hemorrhage. Based on these data and other observations, it is unlikely that chronic low-level dietary exposure to V poses a direct lethal hazard to wildlife. However, point sources, such as the V-laden fly ash pond encountered by geese at the petroleum refinery in Delaware, may pose a significant hazard to water birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287390500398265","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., McKernan, M.A., Eisenreich, K.M., Link, W., Olsen, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Knowles, K., and McGowan, P.C., 2006, Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis): Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 69, no. 4, p. 331-351, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390500398265.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6280f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKernan, Moira A.","contributorId":33038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKernan","given":"Moira","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisenreich, Karen M.","contributorId":52823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":145491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knowles, K.A.","contributorId":67633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGowan, Peter C.","contributorId":13867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":98172,"text":"ofr20061260E - 2006 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr20061260E","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1260","chapter":"E","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map layer shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of 24 7.5-minute quadrangles (555 mi2 total) in southeast Massachusetts. Across Massachusetts, these materials range from a few feet to more than 500 ft in thickness. They overlie bedrock, which crops out in upland hills and as resistant ledges in valley areas. On Cape Cod and adjacent islands, these materials completely cover the bedrock surface. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (such as grain size and sedimentary structures), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relations, and age. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for assessing water resources, construction aggregate resources, and earth-surface hazards, and for making land-use decisions. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), metadata for the GIS layers, scanned topographic base maps (TIF), and a readme.txt file. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061260E","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of the State Geologist and Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs ","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2006, Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1260, Report: iv, 19 p. ; Maps; GIS Files; TIFs; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061260E.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p. ; Maps; GIS Files; TIFs; ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13416,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/E/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.91666666666667,41.25 ], [ -69.91666666666667,42.916666666666664 ], [ -73.5,42.916666666666664 ], [ -73.5,41.25 ], [ -69.91666666666667,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L.","contributorId":45253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231021,"text":"70231021 - 2006 - An interface between the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model and the ERDAS Imagine Geographic Information System (GIS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-29T14:12:55.321788","indexId":"70231021","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-12T09:06:02","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10618,"text":"Geographic Information Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An interface between the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model and the ERDAS Imagine Geographic Information System (GIS)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Department of Agriculture developed the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model. The AGNPS pollution model simulates the behavior of runoff, sediment, and nutrient transport from watersheds that have agriculture as their prime use. This model has been used extensively by scientists conducting hydrologic or water quality analyses using computer modeling in an attempt to further understand the complex problem of managing non-point sources of pollution in a watershed hydrology domain. A difficulty with AGNPS is creating and formatting all of the data necessary to execute the model to conduct landscape modeling and watershed analyses. A unique Windows-based program, the AGNPS Data Generator (</span><i>ADGen</i><span>), has been developed to simplify the task of preparing and creating the input for AGNPS through an interface with ERDAS Imagine (a Leica Geosystems product). Because of the complexity and quantity of the input required and the nature of the output text file produced by AGNPS,&nbsp;</span><i>ADGen</i><span>&nbsp;is a helpful tool for the researcher who is trying to analyze non-point source pollution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10824000609480612","usgsCitation":"Finn, M.P., Usery, E.L., Scheidt, D.J., Jaromack, G.M., and Krupinski, T.D., 2006, An interface between the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model and the ERDAS Imagine Geographic Information System (GIS): Geographic Information Sciences, v. 12, no. 1, p. 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000609480612.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000609480612","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheidt, Douglas J.","contributorId":20014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaromack, Gregory M.","contributorId":53463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaromack","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krupinski, Timothy D.","contributorId":290864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupinski","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5211411,"text":"5211411 - 2006 - Atlantic Seaduck Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5211411","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Atlantic Seaduck Project","docAbstract":"Atlantic Seaduck Project is being conducted to learn more about the breeding and moulting areas of seaducks in northern Canada and more about their feeding ecology on wintering areas, especially Chesapeake Bay.  Satellite telemetry is being used to track surf scoters wintering in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and black scoters on migrational staging areas in New Brunswick, Canada to breeding and moulting areas in northern Canada.  Various techniques used to capture the scoters included mist netting, night-lighting, and net capture guns.  All captured ducks were transported to a veterinary hospital where surgery was conducted following general anaesthesia procedures.  A PTT100 transmitter (39 g) manufactured by Microwave, Inc., Columbia, Maryland was implanted into the duck?s abdominal cavity with an external (percutaneous) antenna.  Eight of the surf scoters from Chesapeake Bay successfully migrated to possible breeding areas in Canada and all 13 of the black scoters migrated to suspected breeding areas.  Ten of the 11 black scoter males migrated to James Bay presumably for moulting.  Updated information from the ARGOS Systems aboard the NOAA satellites on scoter movements was made accessible on the Patuxent Website.  Habitat cover types of locations using GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and aerial photographs (in conjunction with remote sensing software) are currently being analyzed to build thematic maps with varying cosmetic layer applications.  Many factors related to human population increases have been implicated in causing changes in the distribution and abundance of wintering seaducks.  Analyses of the gullet (oesophagus and proventriculus) and the gizzard of seaducks are currently being conducted to determine if changes from historical data have occurred.  Scoters in the Bay feed predominantly on the hooked mussel and several species of clams.  The long-tailed duck appears to select the gem clam in greater amounts than other seaducks, but exhibits a diverse diet of other mollusks and crustaceans.  Seaduck food habits in the Maritimes are decidedly different, where all three species of scoters feed extensively on the blue mussel.  Understanding the feeding ecology of seaducks in wintering areas such as the Chesapeake Bay and the Maritimes will provide managers with a better understanding of the changes in the distribution and abundance of these ducks.  Future studies will attempt to determine the effects of experimental diets varying in protein and energy levels on the physiology and behaviour of captive seaducks.  An attempt will be made to determine if seaducks exhibit an endogenous rhythm in regard to body weight and condition during the winter.  Foraging energetics in relation to different food sources found in the Chesapeake Bay will be measured in two large aquariums (dive tanks) with scoters and long-tailed ducks.  The combined studies being conducted in the Atlantic Seaduck Project will greatly aid the conservation effort for seaducks presently being conducted throughout the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Waterbirds 2003. The 4th Conference of the Aquatic Birds Working Group of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 6877_Perry.pdf","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 2006, Atlantic Seaduck Project, chap. <i>of</i> Limnology and Waterbirds 2003. The 4th Conference of the Aquatic Birds Working Group of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL).","productDescription":"xii + 202","startPage":"151 (abast","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66baa8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hanson, Alan","contributorId":113361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508077,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerekes, Joseph","contributorId":113866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerekes","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paquet, Julie","contributorId":113406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paquet","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508078,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211351,"text":"5211351 - 2006 - High tides and rising seas: potential effects on estuarine waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T13:44:22","indexId":"5211351","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"High tides and rising seas: potential effects on estuarine waterbirds","docAbstract":"Coastal waterbirds are vulnerable to water-level changes especially under predictions of accelerating sea-level rise and increased storm frequency in the next century.  Tidal and wind-driven fluctuations in water levels affecting marshes, their invertebrate communities, and their dependent waterbirds are manifested in daily, monthly, seasonal, annual, and supra-annual (e.g., decadal or 18.6-yr) periodicities.  Superimposed on these cyclic patterns is a long-term (50?80 yr) increase in relative sea-level rise that varies from about 2?4 + mm/yr along the Atlantic coastline.  At five study sites selected on marsh islands from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to coastal Virginia, we monitored marsh elevation changes and flooding, tide variations over time, and waterbird use.  We found from longterm marsh core data that marsh elevations at three of five sites may not be sufficient to maintain pace with current sea-level rise.  Results of the short-term (3?4 yr) measures using surface elevation tables suggest a more dramatic difference, with marsh elevation change at four of five sites falling below relative sea-level rise.  In addition, we have found a significant increase (in three of four cases) in the rate of surface marsh flooding in New Jersey and Virginia over the past 70?80 yr during May?July when waterbirds are nesting on or near the marsh surface.  Short-term, immediate effects of flooding will jeopardize annual fecundity of many species of concern to federal and state agencies, most notably American Black Duck (Anas rubripes), Nelson?s Sharp-tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni), Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow (A. caudacutus), Seaside Sparrow (A. maritima), Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana nigrescens), Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis), Forster?s Tern (Sterna forsteri), Gull-billed Tern (S. nilotica), Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger), and American Oystercatcher (Haemotopus palliatus).  Forster?s Terns are probably most at risk given the large proportion of their breeding range in the mid-Atlantic and their saltmarsh specialization.  At a scale of 1?2 decades, vegetation changes (saltmeadow cordgrass [Spartina patens] and salt grass [Distichlis spicata] converting to smooth cordgrass [Spartina alternifl ora]), interior pond expansion and erosion of marshes will reduce nesting habitat for many of these species, but may enhance feeding habitat of migrant shorebirds and/or migrant or wintering waterfowl.  At scales of 50?100 yr, reversion of marsh island complexes to open water may enhance populations of open-bay waterfowl, e.g., Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) and Canvasback (Aythya valisneria), but reduce nesting habitats dramatically for the above named marsh-nesting species, may reduce estuarine productivity by loss of the detrital food web and nursery habitat for fish and invertebrates, and cause redistribution of waterfowl, shorebirds, and other species.  Such scenarios are more likely to occur in the mid- and north Atlantic regions since these estuaries are lower in sediment delivery on average than those in the Southeast.  A simple hypothetical example from New Jersey is presented where waterbirds are forced to shift from submerged natural marshes to nearby impoundments, resulting in roughly a 10-fold increase in density.  Whether prey fauna are sufficiently abundant to support this level of increase remains an open question, but extreme densities in confined habitats would exacerbate competition, increase disease risk, and possibly increase predation. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation. Studies in Avian Biology No. 32","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Camarillo, CA","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Sanders, G., Prosser, D., and Cahoon, D.R., 2006, High tides and rising seas: potential effects on estuarine waterbirds, chap. <i>of</i> Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation. Studies in Avian Biology No. 32, p. 214-228.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635688","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg, Russell","contributorId":112131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646979,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maldonado, Jesus","contributorId":127482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Jesus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646980,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam sdroege@usgs.gov","contributorId":3464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","email":"sdroege@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, M.V.","contributorId":105403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646982,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders, G.M.","contributorId":69665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prosser, D.J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":65185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211336,"text":"5211336 - 2006 - Environmental contaminant exposure data and monitoring priorities for wild terrestrial vertebrates at national parks in coastal and estuarine habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T13:32:57","indexId":"5211336","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental contaminant exposure data and monitoring priorities for wild terrestrial vertebrates at national parks in coastal and estuarine habitat","docAbstract":"The Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assesses the exposure and effects of environmental contaminants on select species and habitats in the United States.  One of the many BEST Project activities entails the development of decision-support tools to assist in the identification of chemical threats to species and lands under the stewardship of the Department of the Interior.  Although there are many ecotoxicological monitoring programs that focus on aquatic species and habitats, there are currently no large-scale efforts that are focused on terrestrial vertebrates in the United States.  Nonetheless, organochlorine contaminants, metals, and new pollutants continue to pose hazards to terrestrial vertebrates at many spatial scales (ranging from small hazardous-waste-site point sources to entire watersheds).  To evaluate and prioritize pollutant hazards for terrestrial vertebrates, a ?Contaminant Exposure and EffectsTerrestrial Vertebrates? (CEE-TV) database (www.pwrc.usgs.gov/contaminants-online) was developed.  The CEE-TV database has been used to conduct simple searches for exposure and biological effects information for a given species or location, identification of temporal contaminant exposure trends, information gap analyses for national wildlife refuge and national park units, and ranking of terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicological information needs based on data density and water quality problems.  Despite widespread concerns about environmental contamination, during the past decade only about one-half of the coastal National Park units appear to have terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicological data.  Based upon known environmental contaminant hazards, it is recommended that regionalized monitoring programs or efforts focused on lands managed by the Department of the Interior should be undertaken to prevent serious natural resource problems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"People, Places, and Parks: Proceedings of the 2005 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Ackerson, B., Eisenreich, K., and McKernan, M., 2006, Environmental contaminant exposure data and monitoring priorities for wild terrestrial vertebrates at national parks in coastal and estuarine habitat, chap. <i>of</i> People, Places, and Parks: Proceedings of the 2005 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, p. 304-307.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602532","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harmon, David","contributorId":111703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":330774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerson, B.K.","contributorId":20853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerson","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisenreich, K.M.","contributorId":37023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKernan, M.A.","contributorId":6554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKernan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211346,"text":"5211346 - 2006 - Development of a banding database for North Pacific albatross: Implications for future data collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5211346","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of a banding database for North Pacific albatross: Implications for future data collection","docAbstract":"The effects of fishery practices on black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes) and Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) continue to be a source of contention and uncertainty.  Some of this uncertainty is a result of a lack of estimates of albatross demographic parameters such as survival.  To begin to address these informational needs, a database of albatross banding and encounter records was constructed.  Due to uncertainty concerning data collection and validity of assumptions required for mark-recapture analyses, these data should be used with caution.  Although demographic parameter estimates are of interest to many, band loss rates, temporary emigration rates, and discontinuous banding effort can confound these estimates.  We suggest a number of improvements in data collection that can help ameliorate problems, including the use of double banding and collecting data using a `robust? design.  Additionally, sustained banding and encounter efforts are needed to maximize the value of these data.  With these modifications, the usefulness of the banding data could be improved markedly.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Third Scientific Symposium. November 2-4, 2004","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 6631_Doherty.pdf","usgsCitation":"Doherty, P., Kendall, W., Sillett, S., Gustafson, M., Flint, B., Naughton, M., Robbins, C., and Pyle, P., 2006, Development of a banding database for North Pacific albatross: Implications for future data collection, chap. <i>of</i> Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Third Scientific Symposium. November 2-4, 2004, p. 173-179.","productDescription":"579","startPage":"173","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"579","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666e25","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Macintyre, Ian G.","contributorId":94037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macintyre","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508015,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sillett, S.","contributorId":95591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sillett","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gustafson, M.","contributorId":93152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, B.","contributorId":49082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naughton, M.","contributorId":16959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naughton","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pyle, P.","contributorId":104594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5211382,"text":"5211382 - 2006 - Characterization of breeding habitats for black and surf scoters in the eastern boreal forest and subarctic regions of Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5211382","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Characterization of breeding habitats for black and surf scoters in the eastern boreal forest and subarctic regions of Canada","docAbstract":"We analyzed characteristics of wetland habitats used by breeding black scoters (Melanitta nigra) and surf scoters (M. perspicillata) in the eastern boreal forest and subarctic regions of Canada based on satellite telemetry data collected in the spring and summer.  During 2002 and 2004, nine black scoters (four males, five females) were tracked to breeding areas in Quebec, Manitoba, and Northwest Territories.  In addition, in 2001?04, seven surf scoters (three males, four females) were tracked to breeding areas in Labrador, Quebec, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Based on satellite telemetry data, locations of black and surf scoters in breeding areas were not significantly different in regard to latitude and longitude.  Presumed breeding areas were manually plotted on topographic maps and percent cover type and water were estimated.  Breeding habitat of black scoters was significantly different than that for surf scoters, with black scoters mainly using open (tundra) areas (44%) and surf scoters using mainly forest areas (66%).  Surf scoters presumed breeding areas were at significantly higher elevations than areas used by black scoters.  Some breeding areas were associated with islands, but the role of islands for breeding areas is equivocal.  These results aid in the identification of potentially critical breeding areas and provide a baseline classification of breeding habitats used by these two species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Waterbirds 2003. The 4th Conference of the Aquatic Birds Working Group of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 6792_Perry.pdf","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Kidwell, D., Wells, A., Lohnes, E., Osenton, P., and Altmann, S., 2006, Characterization of breeding habitats for black and surf scoters in the eastern boreal forest and subarctic regions of Canada, chap. <i>of</i> Limnology and Waterbirds 2003. The 4th Conference of the Aquatic Birds Working Group of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), p. 80-89.","productDescription":"xii + 202","startPage":"80","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684429","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hanson, Alan","contributorId":113361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508049,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerekes, Joseph","contributorId":113866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerekes","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508051,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paquet, Julie","contributorId":113406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paquet","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508050,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kidwell, D.M.","contributorId":95177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, A.M.","contributorId":105410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lohnes, E.J.R.","contributorId":11728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohnes","given":"E.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Altmann, S.H.","contributorId":85302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altmann","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5211341,"text":"5211341 - 2006 - Adaptive harvest management of North American waterfowl populations - recent successes and future prospects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5211341","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Adaptive harvest management of North American waterfowl populations - recent successes and future prospects","docAbstract":"The history of North American waterfowl harvest management has been characterized by attempts to use population monitoring data to make informed harvest management decisions.  Early attempts can be characterized as intuitive decision processes, and later efforts were guided increasingly by population models and associated predictions.  In 1995, a formal adaptive management process was implemented, and annual decisions about duck harvest regulations in the United States are still based on this process.  This formal decision process is designed to deal appropriately with the various forms of uncertainty that characterize management decisions, environmental uncertainty, structural uncertainty, partial controllability and partial observability.  The key components of the process are (1) objectives, (2) potential management actions, (3) model(s) of population response to management actions, (4) credibility measures for these models, and (5) a monitoring program.  The operation of this iterative process is described, and a brief history of a decade of its use is presented.  Future challenges range from social and political issues such as appropriate objectives and management actions, to technical issues such as multispecies management, geographic allocation of harvest, and incorporation of actions that include habitat acquisition and management.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"XXIV International Ornithological Congress, Hamburg, 2006, Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Symposia 16, Demographic mechanisms of population changes at large spatial scales","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Runge, M., Johnson, F., and Williams, B.K., 2006, Adaptive harvest management of North American waterfowl populations - recent successes and future prospects, chap. <i>of</i> XXIV International Ornithological Congress, Hamburg, 2006, Abstracts.","productDescription":"297","startPage":"28 (abs)","numberOfPages":"297","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697ccb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schodde, Richard","contributorId":112709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schodde","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508007,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hannon, Susan","contributorId":111506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508005,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheiffarth, Gregor","contributorId":113316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheiffarth","given":"Gregor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508008,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bairlein, Franz","contributorId":111596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bairlein","given":"Franz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508006,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211353,"text":"5211353 - 2006 - A unified strategy for monitoring changes in abundance of birds associated with North American tidal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T14:36:42","indexId":"5211353","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A unified strategy for monitoring changes in abundance of birds associated with North American tidal marshes","docAbstract":"An effective approach to species conservation involves efforts to prevent species from becoming threatened with extinction before they become listed as endangered.  Standardized monitoring efforts provide the data necessary to estimate population trajectories of many species so that management agencies can identify declining species before they reach the point of endangerment.  Species that occur in tidal saltmarshes in North America are under sampled by existing broad-scale monitoring programs.  We summarize existing local and regional survey efforts for saltmarsh birds and propose a standardized continental protocol for assessing the status and population trends of birds that breed in saltmarshes in North America.  The objective of this proposed survey effort is to create a series of interconnected monitoring efforts that will provide information on the status and the changes in status of terrestrial birds living in saltmarsh systems of North America.  We describe detailed field protocols for standardized surveys of saltmarsh birds across North America.  We recommend morning point-count surveys with an initial 5-min passive period followed by a period of call broadcast.  Surveyors record all individual birds detected (regardless of distance) for all species that are associated with saltmarshes and estimate the distance to each individual bird detected.  We provide recommendations for standardizing distance between adjacent survey points, how repeat detections across points are recorded, daily and seasonal timing of surveys, timing of surveys relative to tidal cycles, number of replicate surveys per year, and focal species for this standardized survey effort.  Recommended survey protocols include methods that allow estimation of various components of detection probability so that stronger inferences can be made based on trends in count data.  We explain why the various survey recommendations are made so that potential participants understand the rationale for various aspects of the survey protocols.  We also provide sample data forms and an example of how to fill out a data form.  These protocols build upon the Standardized North American Marsh-Bird Monitoring Protocols by encouraging those interested in saltmarsh passerines (and other saltmarsh birds) to conduct surveys using a standardized protocol similar to that being used for secretive marsh birds.  Standardization of this sort will allow data from surveys focusing on saltmarsh passerines to be easily pooled with data from surveys focusing on secretive marsh birds.  Implementing these standardized surveys in saltmarshes across North America will help document regional and continental patterns in distribution and abundance of all birds associated with tidal marshes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation: Studies in Avian Biology No. 32","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Camarillo, CA","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., and Droege, S., 2006, A unified strategy for monitoring changes in abundance of birds associated with North American tidal marshes, chap. <i>of</i> Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation: Studies in Avian Biology No. 32, p. 282-297.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a543e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211342,"text":"5211342 - 2006 - Parasitic Cowbirds have increased immunity to West Nile and other mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5211342","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Parasitic Cowbirds have increased immunity to West Nile and other mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses","docAbstract":"The rapid geographic spread of West Nile Virus [WNV, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus] across the United States has stimulated interest in comparative host infection studies of avian species to delineate competent reservoir hosts critical for viral amplification.  Striking taxonomic differences in avian susceptibility have been noted, offering the opportunity to strategically select species on the basis of life history traits to examine aspects of pathogen virulence or host immunity.  We hypothesized that avian brood parasites would show increased resistance to pathogens compared to related taxa, because they have been exposed in their evolutionary history to a wide array of infectious organisms from their different parenting species.  The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a generalist brood parasite that parasitizes 200+ North American species.  Elevated exposure to other species? parasites may have created an unusual degree of pathogen resistance.  We compared the relative susceptibility of adult cowbirds to three closely-related non-parasitic species, Red-winged blackbirds, Tricolored blackbirds and Brewer?s blackbirds, to invading NY99 strain of WNV that is highly virulent for many passeriform birds.  Previously we had experimentally infected these species with two North American mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses, western equine encephalomyelitis virus [WEEV, Togaviridae, Alphavirus] and St. Louis encephalitis virus [SLEV, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus].   Our results showed that cowbirds exhibited significantly lower viremia responses against all three viruses as well as after co-infection with both WEEV and WNV than did the three related, non-parasitic species.  These data supported our hypothesis and indicated that cowbirds were more resistant to infection to both native and introduced viruses. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Program and Abstracts of the 10th International Congress: International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunology, July 1 - 6, 2006, Charleston, SC, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Reisen, W., and Hahn, D., 2006, Parasitic Cowbirds have increased immunity to West Nile and other mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses, chap. <i>of</i> Program and Abstracts of the 10th International Congress: International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunology, July 1 - 6, 2006, Charleston, SC, USA.","startPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reisen, W.K.","contributorId":29541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisen","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5200303,"text":"5200303 - 2006 - Avian comparisons between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes:  Final report 2001-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5200303","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Avian comparisons between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes:  Final report 2001-2004","docAbstract":"In 2001 avi-fauna was added as a parameter to be monitored as an indicator of the status and relative success of the two reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands residing in the Anacostia River estuary in Washington, D.C. at that time.  They were Kenilworth Marsh which was reconstructed in 1993 and Kingman Marsh seven years later in 2000.  Other studies were already underway looking at vegetation, seeds, soils and contaminants.  Even though these new wetlands were relatively small, together about 70 acres, it was felt this might be sufficient area to sustain and attract birds to the habitat.  Birds have been used elsewhere as wetland indicators and we hoped they could prove useful here especially in terms of numbers and species richness.  The study was conducted for almost four years (2001-2004) and was designed to ascertain if the recently reconstructed Kingman Marsh evolved similarly with respect to the avi fauna as Kenilworth which had the seven year head start.  Twelve observation points were established, six at each marsh, which were to be used weekly so as to alternate the high and low tidal regimes and the observation start times.  Additional notations were recorded for species while walking between observation points.  The course of the study became interrupted with the incursion of resident Canada geese particularly upon the Kingman Marsh site.  Goose herbivory coupled with lowered sediment elevations reduced vegetation cover at Kingman Marsh to less than one-third its intended scope while Kenilworth was barely affected.  The result was actually much less impact on the bird populations than on the vegetation.  In fact the additional mudflat area at Kingman may have actually helped attract some birds.  Together 177 species were identified at the marshes comprising 14 taxonomic orders and 16 families, 137 species at Kingman and 164 at Kenilworth.  However, Kingman actually attracted more birds than Kenilworth, whether or not Canada Geese were included.  At both wetlands winter usage was significantly greater than at other seasons; however, there were more species in the spring and summer.  Three functional guilds were looked at in particular: wetland users, freshwater marsh users and mudflat/shore users.  Mudflat users were greatest during the winter while marsh users were greater in the fall.  Additional useful data was collected relative to the Canada Goose impacts.  The interruption in marsh evolution at Kingman driven by the goose herbivory precluded the opportunity to use the avifauna as an indicator of marsh restoration success.","language":"English","publisher":"[USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center]","publisherLocation":"[Laurel, Maryland]","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 6589_Paul.pdf","usgsCitation":"Paul, M., Krafft, C., and Hammerschlag, D., 2006, Avian comparisons between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes:  Final report 2001-2004, 79.","productDescription":"79","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91975,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/resshow/hammerschlag/FINAL%20VERSION_Avian%20Study.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, M.","contributorId":100096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krafft, C.","contributorId":32263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammerschlag, D.","contributorId":17335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200305,"text":"5200305 - 2006 - Final report (2002-2004):  Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the Anacostia River, Washington, D.C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5200305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Final report (2002-2004):  Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the Anacostia River, Washington, D.C","docAbstract":"Considerable work has been conducted on the benthic communities of inland aquatic systems, but there remains a paucity of effort on freshwater tidal wetlands.  This study characterized the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of recently reconstructed urban freshwater tidal wetlands along the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C.  The focus of the study was on the two main areas of Kingman Marsh, which were reconstructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 2000 using Anacostia dredge material.  Populations from this 'new' marsh were compared to those of similarly reconstructed Kenilworth Marsh (1993) just one half mile upstream, the relic reference Dueling Creek Marsh in the upper Anacostia estuary and the outside reference Patuxent freshwater tidal marsh in an adjacent watershed.  Benthic macro invertebrate organisms were collected using selected techniques for evaluation including the Ekman bottom grab sampler, sediment corer, D-net and Hester-Dendy sampler.  Samples were collected at least seasonally from tidal channels, tidal mudflats, three vegetation/sediment zones (low, middle and high marsh), and pools over a 3-year period (late 2001-2004).  The macroinvertebrate communities present at the marsh sites proved to be good indicators of disturbance and stress (Kingman Marsh), pollution, urban vs. rural location (Kenilworth and Patuxent), and similarities between reconstructed and remnant wetlands (Kenilworth and Dueling Creek).  Macroinvertebrate density was significantly greater at Kingman Marsh than Kenilworth Marsh due to more numerous chironomids and oligochaetes.  This may reflect an increase in unvegetated sediments at Kingman (even at elevations above natural mudflat) due to grazing pressure from over-abundant resident Canada geese.  Unvegetated sediments yielded greater macroinvertebrate abundance but lower richness than vegetated marsh sites.  Data collected from this study provides information on the extent that benthic macroinvertebrate communities can serve as indicators of the relative success of freshwater tidal marsh reconstruction.","language":"English","publisher":"[USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center]","publisherLocation":"[Laurel, Maryland]","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 6591_Brittingham.pdf","usgsCitation":"Brittingham, K., and Hammerschlag, R., 2006, Final report (2002-2004):  Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the Anacostia River, Washington, D.C, 50.","productDescription":"50","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91976,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/resshow/hammerschlag/Final%20Benthic%20Report_0706.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brittingham, K.D.","contributorId":75663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brittingham","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammerschlag, R.S.","contributorId":78050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5200296,"text":"5200296 - 2006 - Occupancy Estimation and Modeling : Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200296","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Occupancy Estimation and Modeling : Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence","docAbstract":"This is the first book to examine the latest methods in analyzing presence/absence data surveys.  Using four classes of models (single-species, single-season; single-species, multiple season; multiple-species, single-season; and multiple-species, multiple-season), the authors discuss the practical sampling situation, present a likelihood-based model enabling direct estimation of the occupancy-related parameters while allowing for imperfect detectability, and make recommendations for designing studies using these models.  It provides authoritative insights into the latest in estimation modeling; discusses multiple models which lay the groundwork for future study designs; addresses critical issues of imperfect detectibility and its effects on estimation; and explores the role of probability in estimating in detail.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier/Academic Press","publisherLocation":"Burlington, MA","collaboration":"Visit URL for table of contents.  ISBN: 0120887665 ; OCLC:  60856266 ","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., Nichols, J., Royle, J., Pollock, K.H., Bailey, L., and Hines, J., 2006, Occupancy Estimation and Modeling : Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence, xviii, 324.","productDescription":"xviii, 324","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":327449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}