The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses the term palustrine wetland to describe vegetated wetlands traditionally identified as marsh, bog, fen, swamp, or wet meadow. Landsat TM imagery was combined with image texture and ancillary environmental data to model probabilities of palustrine wetland occurrence in Yellowstone National Park using classification trees. Model training and test locations were identified from National Wetlands Inventory maps, and classification trees were built for seven years spanning a range of annual precipitation. At a coarse level, palustrine wetland was separated from upland. At a finer level, five palustrine wetland types were discriminated: aquatic bed (PAB), emergent (PEM), forested (PFO), scrub–shrub (PSS), and unconsolidated shore (PUS). TM-derived variables alone were relatively accurate at separating wetland from upland, but model error rates dropped incrementally as image texture, DEM-derived terrain variables, and other ancillary GIS layers were added. For classification trees making use of all available predictors, average overall test error rates were 7.8% for palustrine wetland/upland models and 17.0% for palustrine wetland type models, with consistent accuracies across years. However, models were prone to wetland over-prediction. While the predominant PEM class was classified with omission and commission error rates less than 14%, we had difficulty identifying the PAB and PSS classes. Ancillary vegetation information greatly improved PSS classification and moderately improved PFO discrimination. Association with geothermal areas distinguished PUS wetlands. Wetland over-prediction was exacerbated by class imbalance in likely combination with spatial and spectral limitations of the TM sensor. Wetland probability surfaces may be more informative than hard classification, and appear to respond to climate-driven wetland variability. The developed method is portable, relatively easy to implement, and should be applicable in other settings and over larger extents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.019","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Wright, C., and Gallant, A.L., 2007, Improved wetland remote sensing in Yellowstone National Park using classification trees to combine TM imagery and ancillary environmental data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 107, no. 4, p. 582-605, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.019.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"582","endPage":"605","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.019"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3968e4b0c8380cd618f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, C.","contributorId":69589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030097,"text":"70030097 - 2007 - Effects of management and climate on elk brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-04T06:34:15","indexId":"70030097","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of management and climate on elk brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Every winter, government agencies feed ∼6000 metric tons (6 × 106 kg) of hay to elk in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) to limit transmission of Brucella abortus, the causative agent of brucellosis, from elk to cattle. Supplemental feeding, however, is likely to increase the transmission of brucellosis in elk, and may be affected by climatic factors, such as snowpack. We assessed these possibilities using snowpack and feeding data from 1952 to 2006 and disease testing data from 1993 to 2006. Brucellosis seroprevalence was strongly correlated with the timing of the feeding season. Longer feeding seasons were associated with higher seroprevalence, but elk population size and density had only minor effects. In other words, the duration of host aggregation and whether it coincided with peak transmission periods was more important than just the host population size. Accurate modeling of disease transmission depends upon incorporating information on how host contact rates fluctuate over time relative to peak transmission periods. We also found that supplemental feeding seasons lasted longer during years with deeper snowpack. Therefore, milder winters and/or management strategies that reduce the length of the feeding season may reduce the seroprevalence of brucellosis in the elk populations of the southern GYE.
Canopy and surface fuels in many fire-prone forests of the United States have increased over the last 70 years as a result of modern fire exclusion policies, grazing, and other land management activities. The Healthy Forest Restoration Act and National Fire Plan establish a national commitment to reduce fire hazard and restore fire-adapted ecosystems across the USA. The primary index used to prioritize treatment areas across the nation is Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) computed as departures of current conditions from the historical fire and landscape conditions. This paper describes a process that uses an extensive set of ecological models to map FRCC from a departure statistic computed from simulated time series of historical landscape composition. This mapping process uses a data-driven, biophysical approach where georeferenced field data, biogeochemical simulation models, and spatial data libraries are integrated using spatial statistical modeling to map environmental gradients that are then used to predict vegetation and fuels characteristics over space. These characteristics are then fed into a landscape fire and succession simulation model to simulate a time series of historical landscape compositions that are then compared to the composition of current landscapes to compute departure, and the FRCC values. Intermediate products from this process are then used to create ancillary vegetation, fuels, and fire regime layers that are useful in the eventual planning and implementation of fuel and restoration treatments at local scales. The complex integration of varied ecological models at different scales is described and problems encountered during the implementation of this process in the LANDFIRE prototype project are addressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.005","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Keane, R.E., Rollins, M., and Zhu, Z., 2007, Using simulated historical time series to prioritize fuel treatments on landscapes across the United States: The LANDFIRE prototype project: Ecological Modelling, v. 204, no. 3-4, p. 485-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.005.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213105,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.005"},{"id":240696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"204","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0a0e4b08c986b32a229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":73930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rollins, Matthew","contributorId":72347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030092,"text":"70030092 - 2007 - Using biodynamic models to reconcile differences between laboratory toxicity tests and field biomonitoring with aquatic insects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T11:28:20.798894","indexId":"70030092","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using biodynamic models to reconcile differences between laboratory toxicity tests and field biomonitoring with aquatic insects","docAbstract":"Aquatic insects often dominate lotic ecosystems, yet these organisms are under-represented in trace metal toxicity databases. Furthermore, toxicity data for aquatic insects do not appear to reflect their actual sensitivities to metals in nature, because the concentrations required to elicit toxicity in the laboratory are considerably higher than those found to impact insect communities in the field. New approaches are therefore needed to better understand how and why insects are differentially susceptible to metal exposures. Biodynamic modeling is a powerful tool for understanding interspecific differences in trace metal bioaccumulation. Because bioaccumulation alone does not necessarily correlate with toxicity, we combined biokinetic parameters associated with dissolved cadmium exposures with studies of the subcellular compartmentalization of accumulated Cd. This combination of physiological traits allowed us to make predictions of susceptibility differences to dissolved Cd in three aquatic insect taxa: Ephemerella excrucians, Rhithrogena morrisoni, and Rhyacophila sp. We compared these predictions with long-term field monitoring data and toxicity tests with closely related taxa: Ephemerella infrequens, Rhithrogena hageni, and Rhyacophila brunea. Kinetic parameters allowed us to estimate steady-state concentrations, the time required to reach steady state, and the concentrations of Cd projected to be in potentially toxic compartments for different species. Species-specific physiological traits identified using biodynamic models provided a means for better understanding why toxicity assays with insects have failed to provide meaningful estimates for metal concentrations that would be expected to be protective in nature.
To establish longevity of faecal DNA samples under varying summer field conditions, we collected 53 faeces from captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) on a restricted vegetation diet. Each faeces was divided, and one half was placed on a warm, dry field site while the other half was placed on a cool, wet field site on Moscow Mountain, Idaho, USA. Temperature, relative humidity, and dew point data were collected on each site, and faeces were sampled for DNA extraction at <1, 3, 6, 14, 30, 45, and 60 days. Faecal DNA sample viability was assessed by attempting PCR amplification of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus (???150 bp) and a nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite locus (180-200 bp). Time in the field, temperature, and dew point impacted mtDNA and nDNA amplification success with the greatest drop in success rates occurring between 1 and 3 days. In addition, genotyping errors significantly increased over time at both field sites. Based on these results, we recommend collecting samples at frequent transect intervals and focusing sampling efforts during drier portions of the year when possible. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Murphy, M., Kendall, K., Robinson, A., and Waits, L., 2007, The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification: Conservation Genetics, v. 8, no. 5, p. 1219-1224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1224","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baceee4b08c986b323852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, M.A.","contributorId":65214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, A.","contributorId":60011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, L.P.","contributorId":58987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030949,"text":"70030949 - 2007 - Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030949","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"Wildland fire is the dominant large-scale disturbance mechanism in the Alaskan boreal forest, and it strongly influences forest structure and function. In this research, patterns of burn severity in the Alaskan boreal forest are characterised using 24 fires. First, the relationship between burn severity and area burned is quantified using a linear regression. Second, the spatial correlation of burn severity as a function of topography is modelled using a variogram analysis. Finally, the relationship between vegetation type and spatial patterns of burn severity is quantified using linear models where variograms account for spatial correlation. These results show that: 1) average burn severity increases with the natural logarithm of the area of the wildfire, 2) burn severity is more variable in topographically complex landscapes than in flat landscapes, and 3) there is a significant relationship between burn severity and vegetation type in flat landscapes but not in topographically complex landscapes. These results strengthen the argument that differential flammability of vegetation exists in some boreal landscapes of Alaska. Additionally, these results suggest that through feedbacks between vegetation and burn severity, the distribution of forest vegetation through time is likely more stable in flat terrain than it is in areas with more complex topography. ?? IAWF 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF06034","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Duffy, P., Epting, J., Graham, J., Rupp, T., and McGuire, A., 2007, Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 16, no. 3, p. 277-284, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF06034.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF06034"},{"id":238935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf9e4b0c8380cd48b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, P.A.","contributorId":107493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epting, J.","contributorId":64451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epting","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, J.M.","contributorId":57651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rupp, T.S.","contributorId":66904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030946,"text":"70030946 - 2007 - River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030946","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River is characterized by a series of locks and dams, shallow impoundments, and thousands of river channelization structures that facilitate commercial navigation between Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Cairo, Illinois. Agriculture and urban development over the past 200 years have degraded water quality and increased the rate of sediment and nutrient delivery to surface waters. River enhancement has become an important management tool employed to address causes and effects of surface water degradation and river modification in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. We report information on individual river enhancement projects and contrast project densities, goals, activities, monitoring, and cost between commercially non-navigated and navigated rivers (Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers, respectively). The total number of river enhancement projects collected during this effort was 62,108. Cost of all projects reporting spending between 1972 and 2006 was about US$1.6 billion. Water quality management was the most cited project goal within the basin. Other important goals in Navigated Rivers included in-stream habitat improvement and flow modification. Most projects collected for Non-navigated Rivers and their watersheds originated from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the USDA were important sources for projects in Navigated Rivers. Collaborative efforts between agencies that implement projects in Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers may be needed to more effectively address river impairment. However, the current state of data sources tracking river enhancement projects deters efficient and broad-scale integration. ?? Journal compilation ?? 2007 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, T.K., and Galat, D., 2007, River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies: Restoration Ecology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 538-549, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x.","startPage":"538","endPage":"549","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x"},{"id":238901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadace4b0c8380cd86f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, T. K.","contributorId":27258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030071,"text":"70030071 - 2007 - Distinguishing sources of ground water recharge by using δ2H and δ18O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T13:45:09","indexId":"70030071","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distinguishing sources of ground water recharge by using δ2H and δ18O","title":"Distinguishing sources of ground water recharge by using δ2H and δ18O","docAbstract":"Stable isotope values of hydrogen and oxygen from precipitation and ground water samples were compared by using a volumetrically based mixing equation and stable isotope gradient to estimate the season and location of recharge in four basins. Stable isotopes were sampled at 11 precipitation sites of differing elevation during a 2-year period to quantify seasonal stable isotope contributions as a function of elevation. Supplemental stable isotope data collected by the International Atomic Energy Association during a 14-year period were used to reduce annual variability of the mean seasonal stable isotope data. The stable isotope elevation relationships and local precipitation elevation relationships were combined by using a digital elevation model to calculate the total volumetric contribution of water and stable isotope values as a function of elevation within the basins. The results of these precipitation calculations were compared to measured ground water stable isotope values at the major discharge points near the terminus of the basins. Volumetric precipitation contributions to recharge were adjusted to isolate contributing elevations. This procedure provides an improved representation of recharge contributions within the basins over conventional stable isotope methods. Stable isotope values from wells and springs at the terminus of each basin were used to infer the elevations of precipitation important for recharge of the regional ground water flow system. Ancillary climatic, geologic, and stable isotope values were used to further constrain the location where precipitation is entering the ground water flow system.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00289.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Blasch, K.W., and Bryson, J.R., 2007, Distinguishing sources of ground water recharge by using δ2H and δ18O: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 3, p. 294-308, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00289.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"308","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00289.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 34.07996230865873\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 35.585851593232356\n ],\n [\n -110.90698242187499,\n 35.585851593232356\n ],\n [\n -110.90698242187499,\n 34.07996230865873\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 34.07996230865873\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0252e4b0c8380cd4ffde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryson, Jeannie R.","contributorId":46184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryson","given":"Jeannie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033113,"text":"70033113 - 2007 - Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis","docAbstract":"The Helbig method for estimating total magnetization directions of compact sources from magnetic vector components is extended so that tensor magnetic gradient components can be used instead. Depths of the compact sources can be estimated using the Euler equation, and their dipole moment magnitudes can be estimated using a least squares fit to the vector component or tensor gradient component data. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2792526","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Nabighian, M., Smith, D., and Li, Y., 2007, Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 26, no. 1, p. 770-774, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2792526.","startPage":"770","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792526"},{"id":241189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b29e4b0c8380cd525d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033120,"text":"70033120 - 2007 - Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: Phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033120","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: Phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus)","docAbstract":"Habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization are the most pervasive threats to biodiversity in southern California. Loss of habitat and fragmentation can lower migration rates and genetic connectivity among remaining populations of native species, reducing genetic variability and increasing extinction risk. However, it may be difficult to separate the effects of recent anthropogenic fragmentation from the genetic signature of prehistoric fragmentation due to previous natural geological and climatic changes. To address these challenges, we examined the phylogenetic and population genetic structure of a flightless insect endemic to cismontane southern California, Stenopelmatus 'mahogani' (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data suggest that diversification across southern California began during the Pleistocene, with most haplotypes currently restricted to a single population. Patterns of genetic divergence correlate with contemporary urbanization, even after correcting for (geographical information system) GIS-based reconstructions of fragmentation during the Pleistocene. Theoretical simulations confirm that contemporary patterns of genetic structure could be produced by recent urban fragmentation using biologically reasonable assumptions about model parameters. Diversity within populations was positively correlated with current fragment size, but not prehistoric fragment size, suggesting that the effects of increased drift following anthropogenic fragmentation are already being seen. Loss of genetic connectivity and diversity can hinder a population's ability to adapt to ecological perturbations commonly associated with urbanization, such as habitat degradation, climatic changes and introduced species. Consequently, our results underscore the importance of preserving and restoring landscape connectivity for long-term persistence of low vagility native species. Journal compilation ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03216.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Vandergast, A.G., Bohonak, A., Weissman, D., and Fisher, R., 2007, Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: Phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus): Molecular Ecology, v. 16, no. 5, p. 977-992, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03216.x.","startPage":"977","endPage":"992","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03216.x"},{"id":240751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc5de4b08c986b328bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohonak, A.J.","contributorId":20554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonak","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weissman, D.B.","contributorId":40429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weissman","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030760,"text":"70030760 - 2007 - Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70030760","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions","docAbstract":"The presence of fault-plane reflections in seismic images, besides indicating the locations of faults, offers a possible source of information on the properties of these poorly understood zones. To better understand the physical mechanism giving rise to fault-plane reflections in compacting sedimentary basins, we numerically model the full elastic wavefield via the spectral element method (SEM) for several different fault models. Using well log data from the South Eugene Island field, offshore Louisiana, we derive empirical relationships between the elastic parameters (e.g. P-wave velocity and density) and the effective-stress along both normal compaction and unloading paths. These empirical relationships guide the numerical modelling and allow the investigation of how differences in fluid pressure modify the elastic wavefield. We choose to simulate the elastic wave equation via SEM since irregular model geometries can be accommodated and slip boundary conditions at an interface, such as a fault or fracture, are implemented naturally. The method we employ for including a slip interface retains the desirable qualities of SEM in that it is explicit in time and, therefore, does not require the inversion of a large matrix. We performa complete numerical study by forward modelling seismic shot gathers over a faulted earth model using SEM followed by seismic processing of the simulated data. With this procedure, we construct post-stack time-migrated images of the kind that are routinely interpreted in the seismic exploration industry. We dip filter the seismic images to highlight the fault-plane reflections prior to making amplitude maps along the fault plane. With these amplitude maps, we compare the reflectivity from the different fault models to diagnose which physical mechanism contributes most to observed fault reflectivity. To lend physical meaning to the properties of a locally weak fault zone characterized as a slip interface, we propose an equivalent-layer model under the assumption of weak scattering. This allows us to use the empirical relationships between density, velocity and effective stress from the South Eugene Island field to relate a slip interface to an amount of excess pore-pressure in a fault zone. ?? 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2007 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Haney, M., Snieder, R., Ampuero, J., and Hofmann, R., 2007, Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 2, p. 933-951, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x.","startPage":"933","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476998,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03437.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x"},{"id":238628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953ce4b08c986b31ae07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, M.","contributorId":38264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ampuero, J.-P.","contributorId":28801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ampuero","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofmann, R.","contributorId":79699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030759,"text":"70030759 - 2007 - Paleoearthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault, Wrightwood, California, 3000 to 1500 B.C.: A new method for evaluating paleoseismic evidence and earthquake horizons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-31T12:11:21.803291","indexId":"70030759","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoearthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault, Wrightwood, California, 3000 to 1500 B.C.: A new method for evaluating paleoseismic evidence and earthquake horizons","docAbstract":"We present evidence of 11–14 earthquakes that occurred between 3000 and 1500 b.c. on the San Andreas fault at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site. Earthquake evidence is presented in a novel form in which we rank (high, moderate, poor, or low) the quality of all evidence of ground deformation, which are called “event indicators.” Event indicator quality reflects our confidence that the morphologic and sedimentologic evidence can be attributable to a ground-deforming earthquake and that the earthquake horizon is accurately identified by the morphology of the feature. In four vertical meters of section exposed in ten trenches, we document 316 event indicators attributable to 32 separate stratigraphic horizons. Each stratigraphic horizon is evaluated based on the sum of rank (Rs), maximum rank (Rm), average rank (Ra), number of observations (Obs), and sum of higher-quality event indicators (Rs>1). Of the 32 stratigraphic horizons, 14 contain 83% of the event indicators and are qualified based on the number and quality of event indicators; the remaining 18 do not have satisfactory evidence for further consideration. Eleven of the 14 stratigraphic horizons have sufficient number and quality of event indicators to be qualified as “probable” to “very likely” earthquakes; the remaining three stratigraphic horizons are associated with somewhat ambiguous features and are qualified as “possible” earthquakes. Although no single measurement defines an obvious threshold for designation as an earthquake horizon, Rs, Rm, and Rs>1 correlate best with the interpreted earthquake quality. Earthquake age distributions are determined from radiocarbon ages of peat samples using a Bayesian approach to layer dating. The average recurrence interval for the 10 consecutive and highest-quality earthquakes is 111 (93–131) years and individual intervals are ±50% of the average. With comparison with the previously published 14–15 earthquake record between a.d. 500 and present, we find no evidence to suggest significant variations in the average recurrence rate at Wrightwood during the past 5000 years.
Available information on the distribution of breeding shorebirds across the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska is dated, fragmented, and limited in scope. Herein, we describe the distribution of 19 shorebird species from data gathered at 407 study plots between 1998 and 2004. This information was collected using a single-visit rapid area search technique during territory establishment and early incubation periods, a time when social displays and vocalizations make the birds highly detectable. We describe the presence or absence of each species, as well as overall numbers of species, providing a regional perspective on shorebird distribution. We compare and contrast our shorebird distribution maps to those of prior studies and describe prominent patterns of shorebird distribution. Our examination of how shorebird distribution and numbers of species varied both latitudinally and longitudinally across the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska indicated that most shorebird species occur more frequently in the Beaufort Coastal Plain ecoregion (i.e., closer to the coast) than in the Brooks Foothills ecoregion (i.e., farther inland). Furthermore, the occurrence of several species indicated substantial longitudinal directionality. Species richness at surveyed sites was highest in the western portion of the Beaufort Coastal Plain ecoregion. The broad-scale distribution information we present here is valuable for evaluating potential effects of human development and climate change on Arctic-breeding shorebird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic220","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J., Lanctot, R., Andres, B.A., Bart, J., Brown, S.C., Kendall, S.J., and Payer, D.C., 2007, Distribution of breeding shorebirds on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska: Arctic, v. 60, no. 3, p. 277-293, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic220.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic220","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.76545815893368,\n 71.73753208468906\n ],\n [\n -162.3930009704475,\n 68.96864566870872\n ],\n [\n -142.67714191186246,\n 68.44977011466841\n ],\n [\n -142.2944316878697,\n 71.12036514995935\n ],\n [\n -160.76545815893368,\n 71.73753208468906\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02c2e4b0c8380cd501bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James A.","contributorId":84649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andres, Brad A.","contributorId":317983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Stephen C.","contributorId":38457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Steven J.","contributorId":30911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Payer, David C.","contributorId":7495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030743,"text":"70030743 - 2007 - A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red Mountain Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:22:55","indexId":"70030743","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red Mountain Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"Regulatory agencies are often charged with the task of setting site-specific numeric water quality standards for impaired streams. This task is particularly difficult for streams draining highly mineralized watersheds with past mining activity. Baseline water quality data obtained prior to mining are often non-existent and application of generic water quality standards developed for unmineralized watersheds is suspect given the geology of most watersheds affected by mining. Various approaches have been used to estimate premining conditions, but none of the existing approaches rigorously consider the physical and geochemical processes that ultimately determine instream water quality. An approach based on simulation modeling is therefore proposed herein. The approach utilizes synoptic data that provide spatially-detailed profiles of concentration, streamflow, and constituent load along the study reach. This field data set is used to calibrate a reactive stream transport model that considers the suite of physical and geochemical processes that affect constituent concentrations during instream transport. A key input to the model is the quality and quantity of waters entering the study reach. This input is based on chemical analyses available from synoptic sampling and observed increases in streamflow along the study reach. Given the calibrated model, additional simulations are conducted to estimate premining conditions. In these simulations, the chemistry of mining-affected sources is replaced with the chemistry of waters that are thought to be unaffected by mining (proximal, premining analogues). The resultant simulations provide estimates of premining water quality that reflect both the reduced loads that were present prior to mining and the processes that affect these loads as they are transported downstream. This simulation-based approach is demonstrated using data from Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, a small stream draining a heavily-mined watershed. Model application to the premining problem for Red Mountain Creek is based on limited field reconnaissance and chemical analyses; additional field work and analyses may be needed to develop definitive, quantitative estimates of premining water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.054","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P.L., 2007, A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red Mountain Creek, Colorado: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 9, p. 1899-1918, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.054.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1918","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.054"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain Creek","volume":"22","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e598e4b0c8380cd46e66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A","contributorId":118888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030730,"text":"70030730 - 2007 - Population estimates of Hyla cinerea (Schneider) (Green Tree frog) in an urban environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030730","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population estimates of Hyla cinerea (Schneider) (Green Tree frog) in an urban environment","docAbstract":"Hyla cinerea (Green Treefrog) is a common wetlands species in the southeastern US. To better understand its population dynamics, we followed a relatively isolated population of Green Treefrogs from June 2004 through October 2004 at a federal office complex in Lafayette, LA. Weekly, Green Treefrogs were caught, measured, marked with VIE tags, and released. The data were used to estimate population size. The time frame was split into two periods: before and after August 17, 2004. Before August 17, 2004, the average estimated population size was 143, and after August 24, 2005, this value jumped to 446, an increase possibly due to tadpoles metamorphosing into adults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[203:PEOHCS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Pham, L., Boudreaux, S., Karhbet, S., Price, B., Ackleh, A., Carter, J., and Pal, N., 2007, Population estimates of Hyla cinerea (Schneider) (Green Tree frog) in an urban environment: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 6, no. 2, p. 203-216, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[203:PEOHCS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"203","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[203:PEOHCS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d6de4b0c8380cd79f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pham, L.","contributorId":104283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pham","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boudreaux, S.","contributorId":68106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudreaux","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karhbet, S.","contributorId":76941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karhbet","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, B.","contributorId":15406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackleh, A. S.","contributorId":14787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackleh","given":"A. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pal, N.","contributorId":79702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pal","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030174,"text":"70030174 - 2007 - Probabilistic prediction models for aggregate quarry siting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030174","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic prediction models for aggregate quarry siting","docAbstract":"Weights-of-evidence (WofE) and logistic regression techniques were used in a GIS framework to predict the spatial likelihood (prospectivity) of crushed-stone aggregate quarry development. The joint conditional probability models, based on geology, transportation network, and population density variables, were defined using quarry location and time of development data for the New England States, North Carolina, and South Carolina, USA. The Quarry Operation models describe the distribution of active aggregate quarries, independent of the date of opening. The New Quarry models describe the distribution of aggregate quarries when they open. Because of the small number of new quarries developed in the study areas during the last decade, independent New Quarry models have low parameter estimate reliability. The performance of parameter estimates derived for Quarry Operation models, defined by a larger number of active quarries in the study areas, were tested and evaluated to predict the spatial likelihood of new quarry development. Population density conditions at the time of new quarry development were used to modify the population density variable in the Quarry Operation models to apply to new quarry development sites. The Quarry Operation parameters derived for the New England study area, Carolina study area, and the combined New England and Carolina study areas were all similar in magnitude and relative strength. The Quarry Operation model parameters, using the modified population density variables, were found to be a good predictor of new quarry locations. Both the aggregate industry and the land management community can use the model approach to target areas for more detailed site evaluation for quarry location. The models can be revised easily to reflect actual or anticipated changes in transportation and population features. ?? International Association for Mathematical Geology 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-007-9039-4","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., and Larkins, P., 2007, Probabilistic prediction models for aggregate quarry siting: Natural Resources Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9039-4.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9039-4"},{"id":239256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c97e4b0c8380cd7e793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larkins, P.M.","contributorId":82527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larkins","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034492,"text":"70034492 - 2007 - TerraLook: Providing easy, no-cost access to satellite images for busy people and the technologically disinclined","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-14T19:46:20.580217","indexId":"70034492","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TerraLook: Providing easy, no-cost access to satellite images for busy people and the technologically disinclined","docAbstract":"Pyroclastic fall deposits of the paired Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat eruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand) combine to form a widespread isochronous horizon over much of northern New Zealand and the southwest Pacific. This horizon is important for correlating climatic and environmental changes during the Last Glacial period, but has been the subject of numerous disparate age estimates between 35.1±2.8 and 71±6 ka (all errors are 1 s.d.), obtained by a variety of techniques. A potassium–argon (K–Ar) age of 64±4 ka was previously determined on bracketing lavas at Mayor Island volcano, offshore from the Taupo Volcanic Zone. We present a new, more-precise 40Ar/39Ar age determination on a lava flow on Mayor Island, that shortly post-dates the Rotoiti/Earthquake Flat fall deposits, of 58.5±1.1 ka. This value, coupled with existing ages from underlying lavas, yield a new estimate for the age of the combined eruptions of 61.0±1.4 ka, which is consistent with U–Th disequilibrium model-age data for zircons from the Rotoiti deposits. Direct 40Ar/39Ar age determinations of plagioclase and biotite from the Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat eruption products yield variable values between 49.6±2.8 and 125.3±10.0 ka, with the scatter attributed to low radiogenic Ar yields, and/or alteration, and/or inheritance of xenocrystic material with inherited Ar. Rotoiti/Earthquake Flat fall deposits occur in New Zealand in association with palynological indicators of mild climate, attributed to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and thus used to suggest an age that is post-59 ka. The natures of the criteria used to define the MIS 4/3 boundary in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, however, imply that the new 61 ka age for the Rotoiti/Earthquake Flat eruption deposits will provide the inverse, namely, a more accurate isochronous marker for correlating diverse changes across the MIS 4/3 boundary in the southwest Pacific.