Chapter 1 -- Notes on the Translation and Use of \"A Study of the Early Development of Grass Carp, Black Carp, Silver Carp, and Bighead Carp in the Yangtze River, China\" By Duane C. Chapman and Ning Wang
Chapter 2 -- A Study of the Early Development of Grass Carp, Black Carp, Silver Carp, and Bighead Carp in the Yangtze River, China By Bolu Yi, Zhishen Liang, Zhitang Yu, Randuan Lin, and Mingjue He
Translated by Duane C. Chapman and Ning Wang
The document A Study of the Early Development of Grass Carp, Black Carp, Silver Carp, and Bighead Carp in the Yangtze River, China (Chapter 2 of this volume) was translated from the Chinese with the approval and assistance of the living authors of that study. It contains the most detailed description available, and approximately 200 drawings, of the early development of the subject fishes.
Chapter 1 provides important instructions on the use of the translation, including a description of the Chinese morphometric conventions, which differ from those used by North American scientists. Chapter 1 also provides the historical context in which Chapter 2 was developed, and information on how the larvae of the subject fishes, which have invaded the Mississippi River basin, may be distinguished from other fishes present in the basin.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Wyoming Reservoir Management Group and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a cooperative project in 1999 to collect technical and analytical data on coalbed methane (CBM) resources and quality of the water produced from coalbeds in the Wyoming part of the Powder River Basin. The agencies have complementary but divergent goals and these kinds of data are essential to accomplish their respective resource evaluation and management tasks. The project also addresses the general public need for information pertaining to Powder River Basin CBM resources and development.
BLM needs, which relate primarily to the management of CBM resources, include improved gas content and gas in-place estimates for reservoir characterization and resource/reserve assessment, evaluation, and utilization. USGS goals include a basinwide assessment of CBM resources, an improved understanding of the nature and origin of coalbed gases and formation waters, and the development of predictive models for the assessment of CBM resources that can be used for such purposes in other basins in the United States (for example, the Bighorn, Greater Green River, and Williston Basins) and in other countries throughout the world (for example, Indonesia, New Zealand, and the Philippines).
Samples of coal, produced water, and gas from coalbed methane drill holes throughout the Powder River Basin, many of which are adjacent to several active mine areas (figs. 1, 2), have been collected by personnel in the USGS, BLM Reservoir Management Group, and Casper and Buffalo BLM Field Offices. Sampling was done under confidentiality agreements with 29 participating CBM companies and operators. Analyses run on the samples include coal permeability, coal quality and chemistry, coal petrography and petrology, methane desorption and adsorption, produced-water chemistry, and gas composition and isotopes. The USGS has supplied results to the BLM Reservoir Management Group for their resource management needs, and data are released when the terms of the confidentiality agreements are completed and consent is obtained.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063132","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Land Management Cooperative Coalbed Methane Project in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3132, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063132.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3132/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3132.jpg"},{"id":356880,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3132/pdf/fs06-3132_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79556,"text":"sir20065305 - 2006 - Water Budgets and Potential Effects of Land- and Water-Use Changes for Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20065305","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5305","title":"Water Budgets and Potential Effects of Land- and Water-Use Changes for Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","docAbstract":"To address concerns over continued growth in Carson Valley, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada, began a study in February 2003 to update estimates of water-budget components in Carson Valley. Estimates of water-budget components were updated using annual evapotranspiration (ET) rates, rates of streamflow loss to infiltration and gain from ground-water seepage, and rates of recharge from precipitation determined from data collected in 2003 and 2004 for the study and reported in the literature. Overall water budgets were developed for the area of basin-fill deposits in Carson Valley for water years 1941-70 and 1990-2005. Water years 1941-70 represent conditions prior to increased population growth and ground-water pumping, and the importation of effluent. A ground-water budget was developed for the same area for water years 1990-2005.\r\n\r\nEstimates of total inflow in the overall water budget ranged from 432,000 to 450,000 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) for water years 1941-70 and from 430,000 to 448,000 for water years 1990-2005. Estimates of total inflow for both periods were fairly similar because variations in streamflow and precipitation were offset by increases in imported effluent. Components of inflow included precipitation on basin-fill deposits of 38,000 acre-ft/yr for both periods, streamflow of the Carson River and tributaries to the valley floor of 372,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1941-70 and 360,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1990-2005, ground-water inflow ranging from 22,000 to 40,000 acre-ft/yr for both periods, and imported effluent of 9,800 acre-ft/yr for water years 1990-2005 with none imported for water years 1941-70. Estimates of ground-water inflow from the California portion of Carson Valley averaged about 6,000 acre-ft/yr and ranged from 4,000 to 8,000 acre-ft/yr. These estimates compared well with a previous estimate of ground-water inflow across the State line. \r\n\r\nEstimates of total outflow in the overall water budget were 446,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1941-70, and 439,000 to 442,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1990-2005. Variations in ET and outflow of the Carson River were offset by an increase in net ground-water pumping for water years 1990-2005. Components of outflow include ET of 151,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1941-70 and 146,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1990-2005, streamflow of the Carson River of 293,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1941-70 and 278,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1990-2005, and net ground-water pumping of 2,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1941-70, and 15,000 to 18,000 acre-ft/yr for water years 1990-2005. The decreased average flows for water years 1990-2005 compared to water years 1940-71 were likely the result of dry conditions from 1987 to 1990. The large volumes of inflow and outflow of the Carson River dominate the overall water budget.\r\n\r\nEstimates of ground-water recharge for water years 1990-2005 ranged from 35,000 to 56,000 acre-ft/yr, and total sources of ground-water discharge ranged from 41,000 to 44,000 acre-ft/yr. Components of ground-water recharge included ground-water inflow from the Carson Range and Pine Nut Mountains (22,000 to 40,000 acre-ft/yr), ground-water recharge from streamflow (a minimum value of 10,000 acre-ft/yr), and secondary recharge of pumped ground water that returns to the water table (3,000 to 6,000 acre-ft/yr). Components of total ground-water discharge included ground-water ET from native phreatophytes, riparian vegetation, and non-irrigated pasture grasses (11,000 acre-ft/yr); ground-water discharge to streamflow of the Carson River (15,000 acre-ft/yr), and net ground-water pumping (15,000 to 18,000 acre-ft/yr). \r\n\r\nChanges in land use between water years 1941-70 and 1990-2005 have decreased ET by about 5,000 acre-ft/yr. Increased application of effluent for irrigation between those years has decreased the use of surface water and ground water for irrigation by about 9,500 acre-ft/yr. The total decrease, about 15,000 acre-ft/yr, was approximately equal to the net ground-water pumping of 15,000 to 18,000 acre-ft/yr. The decrease in ET and in the use of streamflow and ground water for irrigation would tend to increase outflow of the Carson River from Carson Valley, offsetting the decrease in outflow caused by ground-water pumping without changes in land use predicted by previous studies of water budgets for Carson Valley.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065305","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., and Berger, D.L., 2006, Water Budgets and Potential Effects of Land- and Water-Use Changes for Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5305, viii, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065305.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9172,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5305/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bda6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79549,"text":"ds212 - 2006 - Water-Quality Data, 1999-2005, and Ground-Water Level Data, 2004-2005, for McBaine Bottoms, Including the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, Columbia, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"ds212","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"212","title":"Water-Quality Data, 1999-2005, and Ground-Water Level Data, 2004-2005, for McBaine Bottoms, Including the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, Columbia, Missouri","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Columbia, Missouri, and the Missouri Department of Conservation, collected ground-water quality data from June 1999 through August 2005, surface-water quality data from August 1999 through August 2003, and water-level data from February 2004 through August 2005 in McBaine Bottoms, southwest of Columbia. McBaine Bottoms, adjacent to the Missouri River, is the location of the municipal-supply well field for the city of Columbia, the city of Columbia wastewater-treatment wetlands, and the Missouri Department of Conservation Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. \r\n\r\nThis report presents water-quality data, which include water-quality analyses of samples collected from 36 water-quality sampling sites (31 were wells and 5 were surface-water sites), and ground-water level data, which include water-level measurements from more than 80 wells. Water samples were analyzed for physical properties, inorganic chemical constituents, nutrients, and dissolved iron. Selected samples were analyzed for trace elements, wastewater organic compounds, and pesticides. \r\n\r\nIn samples from monitoring wells, chloride concentrations ranged from 2.41 to 259 mg/L (milligrams per liter), sodium concentrations ranged from 1.08 to 175 mg/L, and sulfate concentrations ranged from less than 0.2 to 271 mg/L (all concentrations were dissolved). Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 0.46 mg/L. Total phosphorous concentrations ranged from less than 0.04 to 1.68 mg/L, dissolved phosphorous concentrations ranged from less than 0.04 to 1.50 mg/L, and dissolved orthophosphorous concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 1.83 mg/L. Dissolved iron concentrations ranged from less than 6 to 42,900 g/L (micrograms per liter). Dissolved arsenic concentrations in samples from two monitoring wells ranged from 11 to 37 g/L. \r\n\r\nIn samples from surface-water sampling sites, chloride concentrations ranged from 8.67 to 289 mg/L, sodium concentrations ranged from 6.18 to 219 mg/L, and sulfate concentrations ranged from 33.4 to 119 mg/L. All of the minimum concentrations were detected in samples from Perche Creek. Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 1.53 mg/L. Total phosphorous concentrations ranged from 0.07 to 3.06 mg/L, dissolved phosphorous concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 2.88 mg/L, and dissolved orthophosphorous concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 2.86 mg/L. Most of the maximum concentrations were detected in samples from the city outflow. \r\n\r\nMore than 35 wastewater organic compounds and pesticides were detected in samples from the city outflow. However, most concentrations were estimated or their presence verified, but not quantified. \r\n\r\nWater levels in monitoring wells ranged from 548.54 to 576.55 ft (feet) above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). The difference in water levels from February 2004 to August 2005 ranged from 0.13 ft to 10.97 ft. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with theCity of Columbia, Missouri, and the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.J., and Richards, J.M., 2006, Water-Quality Data, 1999-2005, and Ground-Water Level Data, 2004-2005, for McBaine Bottoms, Including the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, Columbia, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 212, iv, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds212.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"63","temporalStart":"1999-06-01","temporalEnd":"2005-08-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f470a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Brenda J.","contributorId":61421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79546,"text":"ofr20061359 - 2006 - Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:58:54","indexId":"ofr20061359","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1359","title":"Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, collected bathymetric data for the north part of Great Salt Lake during the spring and early summer of 2006 using a single-beam, high-definition fathometer and real-time differential global positioning system. About 5.2 million depth measurements were collected along more than 765 miles (1,230 kilometers) of survey transects. Sound-velocity profiles were obtained in conjunction with the bathymetric data to provide time-of-travel corrections to the depth calculations. Data were processed with commercial hydrographic software and exported into geographic information system (GIS) software for mapping and calculation of area and volume. Area and volume calculations show a maximum area of about 385,000 acres (1,560 square kilometers) and a maximum volume of about 5,693,000 acre-feet (about 7 cubic kilometers) at a water-surface altitude of 4,200 feet (1,280 meters). Minimum natural water-surface altitude of the north part of Great Salt Lake is just below 4,167 feet (1,270 meters) in the area just north of the Union Pacific railroad causeway halfway between Saline and the western edge of the lake. The north part of Great Salt Lake generally grades gradually to the west and north and is bounded by steep scarps along its eastern border. Calculations for area and volume are based on a low altitude of 4,167 feet (1,270 meters) to a high altitude of 4,200 feet (1,280 meters).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061359","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands","usgsCitation":"Baskin, R.L., 2006, Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1359, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061359.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334872,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim2954","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 2954: Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006","linkHelpText":"Scientific Investigations Map 2954: Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006"},{"id":9161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1359/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1359/PDF/ofr2006-1359.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1139,\n 41.19889\n ],\n [\n -113.1139,\n 41.76667\n ],\n [\n -112.4717,\n 41.76667\n ],\n [\n -112.4717,\n 41.19889\n ],\n [\n -113.1139,\n 41.19889\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f96a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskin, Robert L. 0000-0002-2175-8502 rbaskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-8502","contributorId":360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"Robert","email":"rbaskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79547,"text":"sim2954 - 2006 - Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T21:21:57.574938","indexId":"sim2954","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2954","title":"Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, collected bathymetric data for the north part of Great Salt Lake during the spring and early summer of 2006 using a single beam, high-definition fathometer and real-time differential global positioning system. Approximately 5.2 million depth readings were collected along more than 765 miles of survey transects for construction of this map. Sound velocities were obtained in conjunction with the bathymetric data to provide time-of-travel corrections to the depth calculations. Data were processed using commercial hydrographic software and exported into a geographic information system (GIS) software for mapping. Due to the shallow nature of the lake and the limitations of the instrumentation, contours above an altitude of 4,194 feet were digitized from existing USGS 1:24,000 source-scale digital line graph data. The Behrens Trench is approximately located.
For additional information on methods used to derive the bathymetric contours for this map, please see Baskin, Robert L., 2006, Calculation of area and volume for the North Part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR–2006–1359
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/sim2954","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands","usgsCitation":"Baskin, R.L., and Turner, J., 2006, Bathymetric map of the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2954, 1 Plate: 27.0 x 27.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2954.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.0 x 27.0 inches","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110693,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78838.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78838"},{"id":9162,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2954/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334869,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20061359","text":"Open-File Report 2006-1359: Calculation of area and volume for the north part of Great Salt Lake, Utah"},{"id":334870,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2954/PDF/SIM2954.pdf"},{"id":190747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 41.125\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -113.125,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -113.125,\n 41.125\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 41.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskin, Robert L. 0000-0002-2175-8502 rbaskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-8502","contributorId":360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"Robert","email":"rbaskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Jane","contributorId":56740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79544,"text":"ds232 - 2006 - Texas magnetic and gravity maps and data: A website for distribution of 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79543,"text":"sim2955 - 2006 - Data Related to Late Quaternary Surface Faulting on the Sangre de Cristo Fault, Rito Seco Site, Costilla County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"sim2955","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2955","title":"Data Related to Late Quaternary Surface Faulting on the Sangre de Cristo Fault, Rito Seco Site, Costilla County, Colorado","docAbstract":"In this report, we present detailed maps of the trenches and a compilation of field and laboratory data used to support our interpretation of the history of four (PE1-PE4) prehistoric surface-faulting earthquakes at this site.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2955","usgsCitation":"Crone, A.J., Machette, M., Bradley, L., and Mahan, S., 2006, Data Related to Late Quaternary Surface Faulting on the Sangre de Cristo Fault, Rito Seco Site, Costilla County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2955, map, 74 by 38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2955.","productDescription":"map, 74 by 38 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110698,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78848.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78848"},{"id":192341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9101,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2955/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db4963ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79542,"text":"ds236 - 2006 - Seaside, Oregon, Tsunami Pilot Study— Modernization of FEMA flood hazard maps: GIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T20:56:25.653203","indexId":"ds236","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"236","title":"Seaside, Oregon, Tsunami Pilot Study— Modernization of FEMA flood hazard maps: GIS data","docAbstract":"Introduction: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) guidelines do not currently exist for conducting and incorporating tsunami hazard assessments that reflect the substantial advances in tsunami research achieved in the last two decades; this conclusion is the result of two FEMA-sponsored workshops and the associated Tsunami Focused Study (Chowdhury and others, 2005). Therefore, as part of FEMA's Map Modernization Program, a Tsunami Pilot Study was carried out in the Seaside/Gearhart, Oregon, area to develop an improved Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA) methodology and to provide recommendations for improved tsunami hazard assessment guidelines (Tsunami Pilot Study Working Group, 2006). The Seaside area was chosen because it is typical of many coastal communities in the section of the Pacific Coast from Cape Mendocino to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and because State agencies and local stakeholders expressed considerable interest in mapping the tsunami threat to this area. The study was an interagency effort by FEMA, U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in collaboration with the University of Southern California, Middle East Technical University, Portland State University, Horning Geoscience, Northwest Hydraulics Consultants, and the Oregon Department of Geological and Mineral Industries. We present the spatial (geographic information system, GIS) data from the pilot study in standard GIS formats and provide files for visualization in Google Earth, a global map viewer.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ds236","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., Venturato, A.J., and Geist, E.L., 2006, Seaside, Oregon, Tsunami Pilot Study— Modernization of FEMA flood hazard maps: GIS data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 236, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds236.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9097,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388382,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78836.htm"},{"id":190644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Seaside","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.0191650390625,\n 45.9587876403564\n ],\n [\n -123.89419555664062,\n 45.9587876403564\n ],\n [\n -123.89419555664062,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -124.0191650390625,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -124.0191650390625,\n 45.9587876403564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Venturato, Angie J.","contributorId":58720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venturato","given":"Angie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79539,"text":"sir20065290 - 2006 - Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20065290","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5290","title":"Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, microbiological data were collected from wells in 22 NAWQA study units during 1993-2004. The wells constituted the sampling networks for three major NAWQA efforts--the major aquifer study, the land-use study, and source-water quality assessments of ground water used for public supplies. Sixteen principal aquifers were represented by these well networks. Samples of untreated ground water were analyzed for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria, which included the total-coliform bacteria, fecal-coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli, and for the presence of somatic and male-specific coliphage viruses.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of the samples showed that coliform bacteria occur relatively frequently-nearly 30 percent of all wells tested positive-and that domestic wells commonly are contaminated by total coliform bacteria, with 33 percent of these wells testing positive. Coliphage viruses were present in 10 percent or fewer of the wells sampled in the Central Columbia Plateau-Yakima, Georgia-Florida, San Joaquin, and Trinity study units, which represent the Columbia Plateau, Floridan, Central Valley, and Coastal Lowlands principal aquifers, respectively. The frequency of detections and concentrations of total coliform bacteria generally were higher in samples from domestic wells than in samples from public-supply wells; in fractured or porous rock materials (carbonate rocks) than in unconsolidated materials (mixtures of sand, gravel, clay); and in principal aquifers with median depths of sampled wells ranging from 100 to 200 feet than in principal aquifers with median depths of sampled wells less than 100 feet or greater than 200 feet.\r\n\r\nThe waters most affected by the presence of coliform bacteria were those in the Valley and Ridge, the Floridan, and the Piedmont and Blue Ridge aquifers, where more than 50 percent of the study wells tested positive for these bacteria. The numbers of wells with detections of coliform bacteria were significantly lower for the Glacial Deposits, Stream and River Valley, Columbia Plateau, Basin and Range, High Plains, Southeastern Coastal Plain, and Coastal Lowlands aquifers. Of the 16 principal aquifers sampled, wells in the Valley and Ridge had the highest overall concentrations of total coliforms, with a median of 2 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters. Elevated concentrations of coliform bacteria (greater than 300 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters) also were reported for wells completed in the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian aquifer and the Ordovician aquifer in lower Tennessee.\r\n\r\nMore than 50 percent of wells completed in carbonate or crystalline rocks tested positive for coliform bacteria. The Floridan, Piedmont and Blue Ridge, Ordovician (lower Tennessee), and Valley and Ridge aquifers are composed of these types of rocks. The lowest detection frequencies (less than 5 percent) were for wells in the Basin and Range and the Snake River aquifers. The materials that constitute these aquifers primarily are unconsolidated sand, gravel, and clay, or basalt with interbeds of sand, gravel, or clay.\r\n\r\nNo strong correlations between concentrations of total coliforms and well depths were identified, nor were there any correlations between total coliform concentrations and selected chemical constituents in the waters. Other factors, such as geohydrologic characteristics, proximity of contaminating sources, interactions with surface water, or well-construction features (including the age of the well), likely control the presence and transport of coliform bacteria in the ground water.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065290","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program-Principal Aquifers","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S.S., and Runkle, D.L., 2006, Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5290, x, 34 p.; 17 figs.; 8 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065290.","productDescription":"x, 34 p.; 17 figs.; 8 tables","numberOfPages":"44","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9089,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62de79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, Sandra S.","contributorId":48170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79540,"text":"ofr20061343 - 2006 - Preliminary Assessment of Landslides Along the Florida River Downstream from Lemon Reservoir, La Plata County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr20061343","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1343","title":"Preliminary Assessment of Landslides Along the Florida River Downstream from Lemon Reservoir, La Plata County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Nearly two-dozen shallow landslides were active during spring 2005 on a hillside located along the east side of the Florida River about one kilometer downstream from Lemon Reservoir in La Plata County, southwestern Colorado. Landslides on the hillside directly threaten human safety, residential structures, a county roadway, utilities, and the Florida River, and indirectly threaten downstream areas and Lemon Dam. Most of the area where the landslides occurred was burned during the 2002 Missionary Ridge wildfire. We performed geologic mapping, subsurface exploration and sampling, radiocarbon dating, and shallow ground-water and ground-displacement monitoring to assess landslide activity. Active landslides during spring 2005 were as large as 35,000 m3 and confined to colluvium. Debris flows were mobilized from most of the landslides, were as large as 1,500 m3, and traveled as far as 250 m. Landslide activity was triggered by elevated ground-water pressures within the colluvium caused by infiltration of snowmelt. Landslide activity ceased as ground-water pressures dropped during the summer. Shallow landslides on the hillside appear to be much more likely following the Missionary Ridge fire because of the loss of tree root strength and evapotranspiration. We used monitoring data and observations to develop preliminary, approximate rainfall/snowmelt thresholds above which shallow landslide activity can be expected. Landslides triggered during spring 2005 occurred within a 1.97 x 107 m3 older landslide that extends, on average, about 40 m into bedrock. The south end of this older landslide appears to have experienced deep secondary landsliding. Radiocarbon dating of sediments at the head of the older landslide suggests that the landslide was active about 1,424-1,696 years ago. A relatively widespread wildfire may have preceded the older landslide, and the landslide may have occurred during a wetter time. The wetter climate and effects of the wildfire would likely have resulted in increased ground-water pressures, which may have triggered the older landslide. This landslide appears to have crossed the valley floor and been subsequently eroded from this area. We found no evidence that landslide debris across the valley floor formed an impoundment of the Florida River, although it is very likely. Erosion of buttressing landslide debris from the valley floor and the lower strength of the landslide basal shear zone relative to pre-slide strength created less stable conditions than were present prior to occurrence of the landslide. However, deep ground-water conditions largely control the stability of the slope and are unknown here; hence, the potential for future deep landsliding is unknown. Additional investigation could be undertaken to further characterize landslide hazards in the area. This investigation could include episodic surveying of monuments we installed across the older landslide, obtaining detailed topographic data and aerial photography, mapping landslide debris and lacustrine deposits related to the potential former landslide dam, mapping secondary landslides, obtaining additional ages of landslide activity, constructing deep boreholes and ground-water monitoring wells, laboratory testing of soil and rock strength and hydraulic properties, and ground-water and slope-stability modeling.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061343","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W.H., Coe, J.A., Ellis, W., and Kibler, J.D., 2006, Preliminary Assessment of Landslides Along the Florida River Downstream from Lemon Reservoir, La Plata County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1343, v, 29 p.; 1 plate, map with cross sections; GIS data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061343.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.; 1 plate, map with cross sections; GIS data","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1343/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2770","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, William H.","contributorId":91927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, William L.","contributorId":89128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kibler, John D.","contributorId":14523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79538,"text":"ofr20061375 - 2006 - Mineral Facilities of Latin America and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"ofr20061375","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1375","title":"Mineral Facilities of Latin America and Canada","docAbstract":"This data set consists of records for over 900 mineral facilities in Latin America and Canada. The mineral facilities include mines, plants, smelters, or refineries of aluminum, cement, coal, copper, diamond, gold, iron and steel, nickel, platinum-group metals, salt, and silver, among others. Records include attributes such as commodity, country, location, company name, facility type and capacity if applicable, and generalized coordinates. The data were compiled from multiple sources, including the 2003 and 2004 USGS Minerals Yearbooks (Latin America and Candada volume), data to be published in the 2005 Minerals Yearbook Latin America and Canada Volume, minerals statistics and information from the USGS minerals information Web site (minerals.usgs.gov/minerals), and data collected by USGS minerals information country specialists. Data reflect the most recent published table of industry structure for each country. Other sources include statistical publications of individual countries, annual reports and press releases of operating companies,and trade journals. Due to the sensitivity of some energy commodity data, the quality of these data should be evaluated on a country-by-country basis. Additional information and explanation is available from the country specialists.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061375","usgsCitation":"Bernstein, R., Eros, M., and Quintana-Velazquez, M., 2006, Mineral Facilities of Latin America and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1375, map, 42 by 60 inches; data set, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061375.","productDescription":"map, 42 by 60 inches; data set","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9244,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1375/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63578c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernstein, Rachel","contributorId":45580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernstein","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eros, Mike","contributorId":39243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eros","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quintana-Velazquez, Meliany","contributorId":9526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintana-Velazquez","given":"Meliany","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79534,"text":"sir20065252 - 2006 - Evaporation from Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20065252","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5252","title":"Evaporation from Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, 1997-99","docAbstract":"Lake Mead is one of a series of large Colorado River reservoirs operated and maintained by the Bureau of Reclamation. The Colorado River system of reservoirs and diversions is an important source of water for millions of people in seven Western States and Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, conducted a study from 1997 to 1999 to estimate evaporation from Lake Mead. For this study, micrometeorological and hydrologic data were collected continually from instrumented platforms deployed at four locations on the lake, open-water areas of Boulder Basin, Virgin Basin, and Overton Arm and a protected cove in Boulder Basin. Data collected at the platforms were used to estimate Lake Mead evaporation by solving an energy-budget equation. The average annual evaporation rate at open-water stations from January 1998 to December 1999 was 7.5 feet. Because the spatial variation of monthly and annual evaporation rates was minimal for the open-water stations, a single open-water station in Boulder Basin would provide data that are adequate to estimate evaporation from Lake Mead.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065252","usgsCitation":"Westenburg, C.L., DeMeo, G.A., and Tanko, D.J., 2006, Evaporation from Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5252, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065252.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"30","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9085,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westenburg, Craig L.","contributorId":63831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenburg","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeMeo, Guy A. gademeo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"Guy","email":"gademeo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanko, Daron J.","contributorId":88343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanko","given":"Daron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79535,"text":"fs20063115 - 2006 - Natural and Man-Made Chemicals in North American Soils--Continental-Scale Pilot Study Completed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"fs20063115","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3115","title":"Natural and Man-Made Chemicals in North American Soils--Continental-Scale Pilot Study Completed","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada recently completed a continental-scale pilot study for a proposed geochemical survey of North American soils. This survey will provide baseline soil chemistry data against which future changes in soil composition can be measured and that can be used by Federal, State/Provincial, and local agencies when making risk-assessment and land-use decisions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Canada","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Natural and Man-Made Chemicals in North American Soils--Continental-Scale Pilot Study Completed (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3115, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063115.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3115.jpg"},{"id":9086,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79529,"text":"sir20065250 - 2006 - Nutrient Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065250","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5250","title":"Nutrient Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2004","docAbstract":"The City of Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin in northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma for public water supply. Taste and odor problems in the water attributable to blue-green algae have increased in frequency over time. Changes in the algae community in the lakes may be attributable to increases in nutrient levels in the lakes, and in the waters feeding the lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, conducted an investigation to summarize nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and provide estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus loads, yields, and flow-weighted concentrations in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin for a 3-year period from January 2002 through December 2004. This report provides information needed to advance knowledge of the regional hydrologic system and understanding of hydrologic processes, and provides hydrologic data and results useful to multiple parties for interstate compacts.\r\n\r\nNitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in runoff samples than in base-flow samples at Spavinaw Creek near Maysville, Arkansas; Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma. Runoff concentrations were not significantly greater than in base-flow samples at Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee, Arkansas; and Spavinaw Creek near Sycamore, Oklahoma.\r\n\r\nNitrogen concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased in the downstream direction in Spavinaw Creek from the Maysville to Sycamore stations then significantly decreased from the Sycamore to the Colcord stations. Nitrogen in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than in those from Spavinaw Creek. Phosphorus concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased from the Maysville to Cherokee stations in Spavinaw Creek, probably due to a point source between those stations, then significantly decreased downstream from the Cherokee to Colcord stations. Phosphorus in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than phosphorus in base-flow samples from Spavinaw Creek downstream from the Maysville station.\r\n\r\nNitrogen concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the stations on Spavinaw Creek; however, the concentrations at Beaty Creek were significantly less than at all other stations. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the three downstream stations on Spavinaw Creek, and not significantly different at the Maysville station on Spavinaw Creek and the Beaty Creek station. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in runoff samples from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow.\r\n\r\nEstimated mean annual nitrogen total loads from 2002-2004 were substantially greater at the Spavinaw Creek stations than at Beaty Creek and increased in a downstream direction from Maysville to Colcord in Spavinaw Creek, with the load at the Colcord station about 2 times that of Maysville station. Estimated mean annual nitrogen base-flow loads at the Spavinaw Creek stations were about 5 to 11 times greater than base-flow loads at Beaty Creek. The runoff component of the annual nitrogen total load for Beaty Creek was 85 percent, whereas, at the Spavinaw Creek stations, the range in the runoff component was 60 to 66 percent.\r\n\r\nEstimated mean annual phosphorus total loads from 2002-2004 were greater at the Spavinaw Creek stations from Cherokee to Colcord than at Beaty Creek and increased in a downstream direction from Maysville to Colcord in Spavinaw Creek, with the load at the Colcord station about 2.5 times that of Maysville station. Estimated mean annual phosphorus base-flow loads at the Spavinaw Creek stations were about 2.5 to 19 times greater than at Beaty Creek. Phosphorus base-flow loads increased about 8 times from Maysville to Cherokee in Spavinaw Creek; the base-flow loads were about the same at the three downstream stations. The runoff component ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065250","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., 2006, Nutrient Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5250, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065250.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9083,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79524,"text":"sir20055274 - 2006 - Relations of Water Quality to Streamflow, Season, and Land Use for Four Tributaries to the Toms River, Ocean County, New Jersey, 1994-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20055274","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5274","title":"Relations of Water Quality to Streamflow, Season, and Land Use for Four Tributaries to the Toms River, Ocean County, New Jersey, 1994-99","docAbstract":"The effects of nonpoint-source contamination on the water quality of four tributaries to the Toms River in Ocean County, New Jersey, have been investigated in a 5-year study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The purpose of the study was to relate the extent of land development to loads of nutrients and other contaminants to these streams, and ultimately to Barnegat Bay. Volumetric streamflow (discharge) was measured at 6 monitoring sites during 37 stormflow and base-flow sampling events over a 5-year period (May 1994-September 1999). Concentrations and yields (area-normalized instantaneous load values) of nitrogen and phosphorus species, total suspended solids, and fecal coliform bacteria were quantified, and pH, dissolved oxygen, and stream stage were monitored during base-flow conditions and storms. Sufficient data were collected to allow for a statistical evaluation of differences in water quality among streams in subbasins with high, medium, and low levels of land development.\r\n\r\nLong Swamp Creek, in a highly developed subbasin (64.2 percent developed); Wrangle Brook, in a moderately developed subbasin (34.5 percent); Davenport Branch, in a slightly developed subbasin (22.8 percent); and Jakes Branch, in an undeveloped subbasin (0 percent) are the subbasins selected for this study. No point-source discharges are known to be present on these streams. Water samples were collected and analyzed by the NJDEP, and discharge measurements and data analysis were conducted by the USGS.\r\n\r\nTotal nitrogen concentrations were lower in Davenport Branch than in Long Swamp Creek and Wrangle Brook during base flow and stormflow. Concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate were highest in Wrangle Brook (as high as 3.0 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L, respectively) as a result of high concentrations of nitrate in samples collected during base flow; nitrate loading from ground-water discharge is much higher in Wrangle Brook than in any of the other streams, possibly as a result of an experimental wastewater-(secondary effluent) disposal site that was in operation during the 1980's. Ammonia concentrations were higher in samples from Long Swamp Creek than in those from the other two monitoring sites under all flow conditions, and ammonia yields were higher during stormflow than base flow at all monitoring sites.\r\n\r\nConcentrations and yields of fecal coliform bacteria and total suspended solids were higher during stormflow than during base flow at all monitoring sites. Concentrations and yields were significantly higher in Long Swamp Creek, a highly developed subbasin and Wrangle Brook, a moderately developed subbasin than in Davenport Branch, a slightly developed subbasin. Concentrations and yields of phosphate species, which also are strongly related to stormflow, were higher during stormflow in Long Swamp Creek than in the other subbasins. \r\n\r\nBase-flow separation techniques were used on hydrographs generated for storms to distinguish the fraction of discharge and constituent loading attributable to storm runoff (overland flow) from the fraction contributed by ground-water discharge. Precipitation records were used to determine the total annual volumes of ground-water discharge and runoff at each monitoring site. These volumes were used in conjunction with water-quality data to calculate total annual loads of each constituent at each monitoring site, separated into ground-water discharge and runoff fractions. It was determined that loads of ammonia, nitrate, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and orthophosphate in ground-water discharge were significantly higher in the moderately developed Wrangle Brook subbasin than in the highly developed Long Swamp Creek subbasin, and that no relation was apparent between the percent of land development and constituent loads from ground-water discharge. The loading of each constituent contributed by ground-water discharge is specific ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055274","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.J., and Hunchak-Kariouk, K., 2006, Relations of Water Quality to Streamflow, Season, and Land Use for Four Tributaries to the Toms River, Ocean County, New Jersey, 1994-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5274, vii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055274.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"79","temporalStart":"1994-05-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79525,"text":"sir20055073 - 2006 - Development of land segmentation, stream-reach network, and watersheds in support of hydrological simulation program: Fortran (HSPF) modeling, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T22:53:08.327527","indexId":"sir20055073","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5073","title":"Development of land segmentation, stream-reach network, and watersheds in support of hydrological simulation program: Fortran (HSPF) modeling, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, Maryland Department of the Environment, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science are collaborating on the Chesapeake Bay Regional Watershed Model, using Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN to simulate streamflow and concentrations and loads of nutrients and sediment to Chesapeake Bay. The model will be used to provide information for resource managers. In order to establish a framework for model simulation, digital spatial datasets were created defining the discretization of the model region (including the Chesapeake Bay watershed, as well as the adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia outside the watershed) into land segments, a stream-reach network, and associated watersheds.\r\n\r\nLand segmentation was based on county boundaries represented by a 1:100,000-scale digital dataset. Fifty of the 254 counties and incorporated cities in the model region were divided on the basis of physiography and topography, producing a total of 309 land segments. The stream-reach network for the Chesapeake Bay watershed part of the model region was based on the U.S. Geological Survey Chesapeake Bay SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) model stream-reach network. Because that network was created only for the Chesapeake Bay watershed, the rest of the model region uses a 1:500,000-scale stream-reach network. Streams with mean annual streamflow of less than 100 cubic feet per second were excluded based on attributes from the dataset. Additional changes were made to enhance the data and to allow for inclusion of stream reaches with monitoring data that were not part of the original network. Thirty-meter-resolution Digital Elevation Model data were used to delineate watersheds for each stream reach. State watershed boundaries replaced the Digital Elevation Model-derived watersheds where coincident. After a number of corrections, the watersheds were coded to indicate major and minor basin, mean annual streamflow, and each watershed's unique identifier as well as that of the downstream watershed. Land segments and watersheds were intersected to create land-watershed segments for the model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Maryland Department of the Environment, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin","usgsCitation":"Martucci, S.K., Krstolic, J.L., Raffensperger, J.P., and Hopkins, K.J., 2006, Development of land segmentation, stream-reach network, and watersheds in support of hydrological simulation program: Fortran (HSPF) modeling, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and adjacent parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5073, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055073.","productDescription":"iv, 15 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County, Michigan, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:32:58","indexId":"sir20065193","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5193","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality, Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Michigan, 2002-05","docAbstract":"The ground-water resource potential of Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Mich. was characterized on the basis of existing hydrogeologic data, water-level records, analyses of water samples, and interpretation of geophysical survey data. Eight ground-water samples were collected and analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and trace-metal composition. In addition, 10 direct current-resistivity soundings were collected throughout Chippewa and Coe Townships to identify potential freshwater in the aquifer system. The aquifer system includes complexly interbedded glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, and basal-lodgment tills, which overlie Jurassic or Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks. In parts of the township, freshwater is present in all geologic units, but in most areas saline water is encountered near the base of Pleistocene glacial deposits and in the Jurassic or Pennsylvanian bedrock. A near-surface sheet of relatively dense basal-lodgment till likely prevents, or substantially retards, significant direct recharge of ground water to glacial and bedrock aquifers in Chippewa and adjacent townships.
Glacial sands and gravels form the principal aquifer for domestic wells (97.5 percent of wells in the township). The single community water supply in the township has wells screened in glacial deposits near the base of the glacial drift. Increased withdrawals of ground water in response to increasing demand has led to a slight decline in water quality from this supply. This water-quality decline is related primarily to an increase of dissolved sulfate, which is probably a function of well depth and dissolution of gypsum, a common mineral constituent in the Jurassic “red beds” , which form the uppermost bedrock unit throughout most of the township. One explanation for the increase in sulfate is upconing of saline water from bedrock sources, which may contain saline water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Westjohn, D.B., and Hoard, C.J., 2006, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality, Chippewa Township, Isabella County, Michigan, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5193, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065193.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065193.JPG"},{"id":9082,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Isabella County","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa Township","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.725,\n 43.641667\n ],\n [\n -84.725,\n 43.55\n ],\n [\n -84.608333,\n 43.55\n ],\n [\n -84.608333,\n 43.641667\n ],\n [\n -84.725,\n 43.641667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62783d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westjohn, David B.","contributorId":84401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79530,"text":"ofr20061393 - 2006 - A Reconnaissance for Emerging Contaminants in the South Branch Potomac River, Cacapon River, and Williams River Basins, West Virginia, April-October 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20061393","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1393","title":"A Reconnaissance for Emerging Contaminants in the South Branch Potomac River, Cacapon River, and Williams River Basins, West Virginia, April-October 2004","docAbstract":"In 2003 a team of scientists from West Virginia Division of Natural Resources and the U. S. Geological Survey found a high incidence of an intersex condition, oocytes in the testes, among smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the South Branch Potomac River and the Cacapon River of West Virginia, indicating the possible presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Possible sources of EDCs include municipal and domestic wastewater, and agricultural and industrial activities. Several sampling strategies were used to identify emerging contaminants, including potential EDCs, and their possible sources in these river basins and at an out-of-basin reference site. Passive water-sampling devices, which accumulate in-stream organic chemical compounds, were deployed for 40-41 days at 8 sampling sites. Sampler extracts were analyzed for a broad range of polar and non-polar organic compounds including pesticides, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, and personal-care products. Analysis of passive-sampler extracts found 4 compounds; hexachloro-benzene; pentachloroanisole; 2,2',4,4',5-penta-bromo-diphenyl ether (BDE 47); and 2,2',4,4',6-penta-bromo-diphenyl ether (BDE 99) to be present at every sampled site, including the reference site, and several sites had detectable quantities of other compounds. No detectable quantity of any antibiotics was found in any passive-sampler extract. Effluent samples were analyzed for 39 antibiotics as tracers of human and agricultural waste. Additionally, poultry-processing plant effluent was sampled for roxarsone, an organoarsenic compound used as a poultry-feed additive, and other arsenic species as tracers of poultry waste. Antibiotics were detected in municipal wastewater, aquaculture, and poultry-processing effluent, with the highest number of antibiotics and the greatest concentrations found in municipal effluent. Arsenate was the only arsenic species detected in the poultry-processing plant effluent, at a concentration of 1.0 ?g/L. Water samples were collected from 7 stream sites and analyzed for arsenic species, including roxarsone. Arsenate was detected in samples from 6 of the 7 stream samples, in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 ?g/L. Additionally, the analysis of smallmouth bass blood plasma for potential EDCs indicated the presence of several compounds including some found in the passive sampler extracts, specifically BDE 47 and BDE 99. Data from this reconnaissance will help to focus efforts for further studies of the occurrence of emerging contaminants, EDCs, and intersex in smallmouth bass in these Potomac River tributaries.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061393","collaboration":"In cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management and the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Chambers, D., and Leiker, T.J., 2006, A Reconnaissance for Emerging Contaminants in the South Branch Potomac River, Cacapon River, and Williams River Basins, West Virginia, April-October 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1393, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061393.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-04-01","temporalEnd":"2004-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9084,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1393/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,37 ], [ -83,40 ], [ -80,40 ], [ -80,37 ], [ -83,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4965e4b0b290850ef1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leiker, Thomas J.","contributorId":47805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}