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The purpose of the study was to relate the extent of land development to loads of nutrients and other contaminants to these streams, and ultimately to Barnegat Bay. Volumetric streamflow (discharge) was measured at 6 monitoring sites during 37 stormflow and base-flow sampling events over a 5-year period (May 1994-September 1999). Concentrations and yields (area-normalized instantaneous load values) of nitrogen and phosphorus species, total suspended solids, and fecal coliform bacteria were quantified, and pH, dissolved oxygen, and stream stage were monitored during base-flow conditions and storms. Sufficient data were collected to allow for a statistical evaluation of differences in water quality among streams in subbasins with high, medium, and low levels of land development.\r\n\r\nLong Swamp Creek, in a highly developed subbasin (64.2 percent developed); Wrangle Brook, in a moderately developed subbasin (34.5 percent); Davenport Branch, in a slightly developed subbasin (22.8 percent); and Jakes Branch, in an undeveloped subbasin (0 percent) are the subbasins selected for this study. No point-source discharges are known to be present on these streams. Water samples were collected and analyzed by the NJDEP, and discharge measurements and data analysis were conducted by the USGS.\r\n\r\nTotal nitrogen concentrations were lower in Davenport Branch than in Long Swamp Creek and Wrangle Brook during base flow and stormflow. Concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate were highest in Wrangle Brook (as high as 3.0 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L, respectively) as a result of high concentrations of nitrate in samples collected during base flow; nitrate loading from ground-water discharge is much higher in Wrangle Brook than in any of the other streams, possibly as a result of an experimental wastewater-(secondary effluent) disposal site that was in operation during the 1980's. Ammonia concentrations were higher in samples from Long Swamp Creek than in those from the other two monitoring sites under all flow conditions, and ammonia yields were higher during stormflow than base flow at all monitoring sites.\r\n\r\nConcentrations and yields of fecal coliform bacteria and total suspended solids were higher during stormflow than during base flow at all monitoring sites. Concentrations and yields were significantly higher in Long Swamp Creek, a highly developed subbasin and Wrangle Brook, a moderately developed subbasin than in Davenport Branch, a slightly developed subbasin. Concentrations and yields of phosphate species, which also are strongly related to stormflow, were higher during stormflow in Long Swamp Creek than in the other subbasins. \r\n\r\nBase-flow separation techniques were used on hydrographs generated for storms to distinguish the fraction of discharge and constituent loading attributable to storm runoff (overland flow) from the fraction contributed by ground-water discharge. Precipitation records were used to determine the total annual volumes of ground-water discharge and runoff at each monitoring site. These volumes were used in conjunction with water-quality data to calculate total annual loads of each constituent at each monitoring site, separated into ground-water discharge and runoff fractions. It was determined that loads of ammonia, nitrate, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and orthophosphate in ground-water discharge were significantly higher in the moderately developed Wrangle Brook subbasin than in the highly developed Long Swamp Creek subbasin, and that no relation was apparent between the percent of land development and constituent loads from ground-water discharge. The loading of each constituent contributed by ground-water discharge is specific ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055274","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.J., and Hunchak-Kariouk, K., 2006, Relations of Water Quality to Streamflow, Season, and Land Use for Four Tributaries to the Toms River, Ocean County, New Jersey, 1994-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5274, vii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055274.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"79","temporalStart":"1994-05-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157141,"text":"70157141 - 2006 - Climate scenarios for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:32:11","indexId":"70157141","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Climate scenarios for California","docAbstract":"

Possible future climate changes in California are investigated from a varied set of climate change model simulations. These simulations, conducted by three state-of-the-art global climate models, provide trajectories from three greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios. These scenarios and the resulting climate simulations are not “predictions,” but rather are a limited sample from among the many plausible pathways that may affect California’s climate. Future GHG concentrations are uncertain because they depend on future social, political, and technological pathways, and thus the IPCC has produced four “families” of emission scenarios. To explore some of these uncertainties, emissions scenarios A2 (a medium-high emissions) and B1 (low emissions) were selected from the current IPCC Fourth climate assessment, which provides several recent model simulations driven by A2 and B1 emissions. The global climate model simulations addressed here were from PCM1, the Parallel Climate Model from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) group, and CM2.1 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluids Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL).

\n

As part of the scenarios assessment, a statistical technique using properties of historical weather data was employed to correct model biases and “downscale” the global-model simulation of future climates to a finer level of detail, onto a grid of approximately 7 miles (12 kilometers), which is more suitable for impact studies at the scales needed by California decision makers.

\n

In current climate-change simulations, temperatures over California warm significantly during the twenty-first century, with temperature increases from approximately +3ºF (1.5ºC) in the lower emissions scenario (B1) within the less responsive model (PCM1) to +8ºF (4.5ºC) in the higher emissions scenario (A2) within the more responsive model (CM2.1). Three of the simulations (all except the low-emission scenario run of the low-response model) exhibit more warming in summer than in winter.

\n

In all of the simulations, most precipitation continues to occur in winter, with virtually all derived from North Pacific winter storms. Relatively little change in overall precipitation is projected. Climate warming has a profound influence in diminishing snow accumulations, because there is more rain and less snow, and earlier snowmelt. These snow losses increase as the warming increases, so that they are most severe under climate changes projected by the more sensitive model with the higher GHG emissions.

","language":"English","publisher":"California Climate Change Center","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D.R., Maurer, E., Dettinger, M., Tyree, M., Hayhoe, K., Bonfils, C., Duffy, P., and Santer, B., 2006, Climate scenarios for California, vii, 44 p.","productDescription":"vii, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-500-2005-203/CEC-500-2005-203-SF.PDF","size":"2871 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyree, Mary","contributorId":85414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyree","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayhoe, Katharine","contributorId":35624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayhoe","given":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":16625,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duffy, Phil","contributorId":50756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Santer, Ben","contributorId":147512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santer","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70216708,"text":"70216708 - 2006 - ADV point measurements within rapids of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:00:42.130052","indexId":"70216708","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T18:11:24","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ADV point measurements within rapids of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"

Rapids on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon attract over 20,000 white-water enthusiasts a year and are considered one of the premiere collections of rapids in North America. While this collection of rapids is an important recreational resource, relatively little is known of the specific hydraulics of individual rapids. Flow measurements are occasionally made in the low-velocity reaches between rapids, but the turbulent and dangerous nature of rapids makes in-situ data collection challenging. The present study measured hydraulics within a small rapid in Grand Canyon as well as an alluvial reach of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon using a Sontek Argonaut acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV)2. The ADV was mounted near the center-front of a motor-powered 19-foot J-snout boat; the instrument sample volume was located 80 cm below the surface. The quality of the measurements was best in the slower water above the rapid and in Glen Canyon. Waves, aeration, and high-velocity water rendered specific measurements in the core of the rapid difficult as the ADV instrument could only measure velocities less than about 3.0 m/s. Nonetheless, velocity, bathymetry, and water-surface maps were constructed for the rapid and the reach in Glen Canyon. The compiled data sets can be used for predicting the erosion potential of debris fans forming the rapid and the development of numerical models to better characterize rapids.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"World environmental and water resources congress 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006","conferenceDate":"May 21-25, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40856(200)158","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Griffiths, P.G., and Webb, R., 2006, ADV point measurements within rapids of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, in World environmental and water resources congress 2006, Omaha, NE, May 21-25, 2006, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)158.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -110.6982421875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -110.6982421875,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207880,"text":"70207880 - 2006 - Data collection network to support ecosystem forecasting for the Barataria Basin - Mississippi River domain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T12:57:30","indexId":"70207880","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T12:40:32","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Data collection network to support ecosystem forecasting for the Barataria Basin - Mississippi River domain","docAbstract":"

Ecosystem forecasting is limited by a number of uncertainties including inadequate initialization information, unknown boundary conditions, inaccurate model physics and atmospheric forcing functions, and inadequate algorithm development of geomorphic and ecological responses to hydrodynamic and geophysical processes. Monitoring can help reduce these uncertainties by providing numerical information on those variables that can improve simulation capabilities. A data collection network was designed for the Mississippi River, south of Tarbert Landing, Ms. to Venice, La., and for the inland and nearshore waters of Barataria Basin, La. The network considered existing monitoring efforts that effectively link oceanographic and water quality observations to system drivers to support ecosystem hindcasting, nowcasting, and forecasting capabilities. The design was driven by the diverse needs of the modeling community and utilized questionnaire surveys, workshops, and web- based applications to inventory past and present modeling applications, domains, and attributes. The use of existing monitoring stations, including variables measured and frequency of data collection, were also considered, as well as recommendations on where new monitoring stations should be located, what types of data should be collected, and at what temporal frequency. Compiled databases are presented as a series of GIS layers to represent overlap between existing and requested stations, and priorities are established for either maintaining or augmenting existing stations or deploying new stations. An optimization plan will be prepared from the results of this study that will provide a rationale for the ecosystem forecasting data collection network that includes a description of existing monitoring programs to support ecosystem forecasting and a set of justifiable locations for \"megastations\" that meet the needs of the modeling and assessment communities.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal environment and water quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Publications","isbn":"9781887201476","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G.D., Owens, A., and Couvillion, B., 2006, Data collection network to support ecosystem forecasting for the Barataria Basin - Mississippi River domain, chap. of Coastal environment and water quality, p. 431-442.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"442","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin, Mississppi River study domain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -88.824462890625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -88.824462890625,\n 30.083354648756128\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 30.083354648756128\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, Alaina","contributorId":70491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Alaina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":210461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204490,"text":"70204490 - 2006 - An integrated monitoring approach using multiple reference sites to assess sustainable restoration in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T12:40:32","indexId":"70204490","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T12:29:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An integrated monitoring approach using multiple reference sites to assess sustainable restoration in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"

Achieving sustainable resource management in coastal Louisiana requires establishing reference conditions that incorporate the goals and objectives of restoration efforts. Since the reference condition is usually considered sustainable, it can be a gauge to assess the present condition of a (degraded) system or to evaluate progress of management actions toward some target system state (the reference or desired conditions).

In 2003, the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) Task Force and the Louisiana State Wetlands Authority adopted the “Coastwide Reference Monitoring System -- Wetlands” (CRMS--Wetlands) for Louisiana. This system will provide data from multiple reference sites to explore the properties of a sustained reference condition. CRMS--Wetlands provides links between project-specific and system-wide objectives, criteria for selecting reference sites or conditions, a more robust statistical design, and critical monitoring variables. In addition, a system-wide assessment and monitoring plan (SWAMP) is being developed that incorporates and evaluates existing monitoring efforts (to the extent possible) within a system-wide experimental design. The SWAMP will integrate monitoring of biological, chemical, physical, and climatological variables in four modules: wetlands (CRMS--Wetlands), barrier islands, inshore waters and rivers, and nearshore coastal waters. Data and information collected under SWAMP will contribute to developing a systems-synthesis model for coastal Louisiana.

Regional restoration project leaders in coastal Louisiana acknowledge the mutual dependence of monitoring and modeling the coastal landscape. For example, experiments or measurements should not be conducted independently of modeling and vice versa. Assessment should be directed at reducing scientific uncertainty to improve confidence in modeling and monitoring tools and ultimately to assist management actions. An adaptive environmental assessment and management process prescribes modeling, monitoring, and research activities to be conducted from initial stages of restoration planning to optimize the ability to assess and achieve sustainable restoration.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring Science and Technology Symposium: Unifying Knowledge for Sustainability in the Western Hemisphere Proceedings ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G.D., Twilley, R.R., and Raynie, R., 2006, An integrated monitoring approach using multiple reference sites to assess sustainable restoration in coastal Louisiana, in Monitoring Science and Technology Symposium: Unifying Knowledge for Sustainability in the Western Hemisphere Proceedings , v. 42, p. 326-333.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/26427"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twilley, Robert R.","contributorId":34585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twilley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raynie, Richard C","contributorId":140898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raynie","given":"Richard C","affiliations":[{"id":13608,"text":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186360,"text":"70186360 - 2006 - Response of Everglades tree islands to environmental change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T11:54:57","indexId":"70186360","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Everglades tree islands to environmental change","docAbstract":"

Tree islands are centers of biodiversity within the Florida Everglades, USA, but the factors controlling their distribution, formation, and development are poorly understood. We use pollen assemblages from tree islands throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem to reconstruct the timing of tree island formation, patterns of development, and response to specific climatic and environmental stressors. These data indicate that fixed (teardrop-shaped) and strand tree islands developed well before substantial human alteration of the system, with initial tree island vegetation in place between 3500 and 500 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP), depending on the location in the Everglades wetland. Tree island development appears to have been triggered by regional- to global-scale climatic events at 2800 cal yr BP, 1600–1500 cal yr BP, 1200–1000 cal yr BP (early Medieval Warm Period), and 500–200 cal yr BP (Little Ice Age). These periods correspond to drought intervals documented in Central and South America and periods of southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The records indicate a coherence of climate patterns in both subtropical North America and the Northern Hemisphere Neotropics. Water management practices of the 20th century altered plant communities and size of tree islands throughout the Everglades. Responses range from loss of tree islands due to artificially long hydroperiods and deep water to expansion of tree islands after flow reductions. These data provide evidence for the rapidity of tree island response to specific hydrologic change and facilitate prediction of the response to future changes associated with Everglades restoration plans.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0565:ROETIT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Willard, D.A., Bernhardt, C.E., Holmes, C.W., Landacre, B., and Marot, M.E., 2006, Response of Everglades tree islands to environmental change: Ecological Monographs, v. 76, no. 4, p. 565-583, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0565:ROETIT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"583","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.12280273437499,\n 24.52213723599524\n ],\n [\n -79.79919433593749,\n 24.52213723599524\n ],\n [\n -79.79919433593749,\n 26.63763888664592\n ],\n [\n -82.12280273437499,\n 26.63763888664592\n ],\n [\n -82.12280273437499,\n 24.52213723599524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b3e4b09da67999779a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landacre, Bryan","contributorId":74468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landacre","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marot, Marci E. 0000-0003-0504-315X mmarot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":2078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"mmarot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194879,"text":"70194879 - 2006 - Textural analysis of marine sediments at the USGS Woods Hole Science Center; methodology and data on DVD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T10:39:11","indexId":"70194879","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Textural analysis of marine sediments at the USGS Woods Hole Science Center; methodology and data on DVD","docAbstract":"

Marine sediments off the eastern United States vary markedly in texture (i.e., the size, shape, composition, and arrangement of their grains) due to a complex geologic history. For descriptive purposes, however, it is typically most useful to classify these sediments according to their grain-size distributions. In 1962, the U.S. Geological Survey began a program to study the marine geology of the continental margin off the Atlantic coast of the United States. As part of this program and numerous subsequent projects, thousands of sediment grab samples and cores were collected and analyzed for grain size at the Woods Hole Science Center. USGS Open-File Report 2005-1001 (Poppe et al., 2005), available on DVD and online, describes the field methods used to collect marine sediment samples as well as the laboratory methods used to determine and characterize grain-size distributions, and presents these data in several formats that can be readily employed by interested parties. The report is divided into three sections. The first section discusses procedures and contains pictures of the equipment, analytical flow diagrams, video clips with voice commentary, classification schemes, useful forms and compiled and uncompiled versions of the data-acquisition and data-processing software with documentation. The second section contains the grain-size data for more than 23,000 analyses in two “flat-file” formats, a data dictionary, and color-coded browse maps. The third section provides a GIS data catalog of the available point, interpretive, and baseline data layers, with FGDC-compliant metadata to help users visualize the textural information in a geographic context.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Williams, S.J., and Paskevich, V.F., 2006, Textural analysis of marine sediments at the USGS Woods Hole Science Center; methodology and data on DVD, in Proceedings of the Eighth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, p. 905-911.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"905","endPage":"911","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/FISC_1947-2006/pdf/1st-7thFISCs-CD/8thFISC/Poster_Poppe.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -61.87499999999999,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -61.87499999999999,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9ae4b06e28e9cabb2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paskevich, Valerie F.","contributorId":81907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskevich","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187781,"text":"70187781 - 2006 - Development of airborne remote sensing methods for surveys of Pacific walrus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T17:37:20","indexId":"70187781","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5,"text":"BOEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"MMS 2006-003","title":"Development of airborne remote sensing methods for surveys of Pacific walrus","docAbstract":"

In April 2003, we conducted an operational test of an airborne multispectral scanner (AMS) over pack ice in the Bering Sea to evaluate the potential of this system as a survey tool for Pacific walruses. We scanned a total of 28,875 km2 of sea ice habitat at a spatial resolution of 4 m and collected high resolution photographs from a subset of the thermally detected walrus groups. We found a significant positive relationship between walrus group size and the amount of heat measured by the AMS and used this relationship to estimate total walrus numbers in the survey area. The number of walruses hauled out onto sea ice in our study area was estimated at 4,785 animals with a 95% confidence interval of 2,499–7,111. We believe that the AMS system as configured for this study would be a highly effective tool for surveying large areas of sea ice habitat for walrus groups. With a 6 km swath width, it should be possible to sample more 10,000 km2 in an 8-hr flight. Although walrus groups > 4 animals were easily detected and enumerated in the 4 m thermal data, the system was unable to detect individual walruses or seals (Phoca spp. and Erignathus barbatus). We found that most (94.6%) of the walruses photographed in our survey area occurred in groups > 6 animals, therefore we expect the magnitude of any bias due to undetected groups of hauled out animals would be relatively small.

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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591eb2e4e4b0a7fdb4418ba1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burn, Douglas M.","contributorId":65022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burn","given":"Douglas M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webber, M.A.","contributorId":28205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel L.","contributorId":10696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187754,"text":"70187754 - 2006 - Inventory of montane-nesting birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:18:58.124736","indexId":"70187754","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NPS/AKRARCN/NRTR-2006/02","title":"Inventory of montane-nesting birds in the Arctic Network of National 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The Alaska Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey conducted an inventory of birds in montane areas of the four northern parks in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska. This effort represents the first comprehensive assessment of breeding range and habitat associations for the majority of avian species in the Arctic Network. Ultimately, these data provide a framework upon which to design future monitoring programs.

A stratified random sampling design was used to select sample plots (n = 73 plots) that were allocated in proportion to the availability of ecological subsections. Point counts (n = 1,652) were conducted to quantify abundance, distribution, and habitat associations of birds. Field work occurred over three years (2001 to 2003) during two-week-long sessions in late May through early June that coincided with peak courtship activity of breeding birds.

Totals of 53 species were recorded in Cape Krusenstern National Monument, 91 in Noatak National Preserve, 57 in Kobuk Valley National Park, and 96 in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Substantial proportions of species in individual parks are considered species of conservation concern (18 to 26%) or species of stewardship responsibility of the land managers in the region (8 to 18%). The most commonly detected passerines on point counts included Redpoll spp. (Carduelis flammea and C. hornemanni), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea). The most numerous shorebirds were American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica), Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago delicata), and Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Most species were detected at low rates, reflecting the low breeding densities (and/or low detectabilities) of birds in the montane Arctic. Suites of species were associated with particular ranges of elevation and showed strong associations with particular habitat types.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","usgsCitation":"Tibbitts, T.L., Ruthrauff, D.R., Gill, R., and Handel, C.M., 2006, Inventory of montane-nesting birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska, xiv, 142 p.","productDescription":"xiv, 142 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2166516"},{"id":341416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -186.50390625,\n 58.859223547066584\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 58.859223547066584\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 71.08830477016483\n ],\n [\n -186.50390625,\n 71.08830477016483\n ],\n [\n -186.50390625,\n 58.859223547066584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb9e4b0b7ff9fb4897b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79523,"text":"ofr20051082 - 2006 - Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79523,"text":"ofr20051082 - 2006 - Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","indexId":"ofr20051082","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":81295,"text":"ofr20051082B - 2006 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","indexId":"ofr20051082B","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":81295,"text":"ofr20051082B - 2006 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","indexId":"ofr20051082B","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T13:28:27","indexId":"ofr20051082","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1082","title":"Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","docAbstract":"

In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS has operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham, Fairhaven, Grant, and Lake Townships (fig. 1) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report. The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only the wells in Fairhaven and Lake Townships retained continuous waterlevel recorders, while the wells in Grant and Bingham Townships reverted primarily to periodic or quarterly measurement status. USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level, on a quarterly basis, in 25 wells. USGS personnel regularly accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the 25 periodically or quarterly-measured wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report. In 1998, the USGS also completed a temporal and spatial analysis of the monitoring well network in Huron County (Holtschlag and Sweat, 1998).

The altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for ground-water levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the mean-monthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at sites near Essexville or Harbor Beach, or both (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05), and monthly precipitation measured in Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05). In March 2003, a new low-water level for the period from 1991 through 2005 was measured in Lake Huron. There was almost no net change in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2004 through December 2005. In 2004, annual precipitation measured in Port Hope was about 3.7 inches above normal, but precipitation measured in Bad Axe was about 1.4 inches below normal. About 14.5 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2004 summer growing season (May through August), which is about the same as was measured in Port Hope during the same period. Provisional precipitation totals for 2005 were 30.7 inches for January through November in Port Hope, and about 31.7 inches for the year in Bad Axe. About 10.6 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2005 summer growing season, which is about 0.2 inches more than was recorded at Port Hope during the same period.

Two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders are completed in the Saginaw and Marshall aquifers in Fairhaven and Lake Townships, respectively. From January 2004 through December 2005, the net rise in the water level in the Fairhaven Township well was 0.71 ft, and the net rise in the Lake Township well was 0.98 ft. The Fairhaven Township well is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was almost no net change in the water level in Saginaw Bay over the same period. Hydrographs showing water levels are presented for the two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders. Continuous-data recorders were discontinued in the Grant and Bingham Township wells at the end of 2003 due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. The Grant Township well was selected for periodic or quarterly measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is little used for drinking water purposes or absent in much of Huron County. The Bingham Township well, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected for periodic or quarterly measurement because water levels in the well are often perturbed as a result of pumpage from nearby production wells and do not reflect baseline conditions within the aquifer.

Twenty five wells were measured on a periodic or quarterly basis in 2004-05. These wells are completed in the glacial, Saginaw, and Marshall aquifers, and the Coldwater confining unit. Although each quarterly measurement only provides a “snapshot” water level (measured in feet below land surface), the data adequately define the generalized water-level trend in the aquifer near the well. Water levels in 15 quarterlymeasured wells had a net rise ranging from 0.20 to 1.31 ft for the period from January 2004 to December 2005, while water levels in 10 of the wells had a net decline ranging from 0.07 to 0.99 ft over the same period (fig. 3; table 1). Period-of-record (the time period when water levels have been measured by U.S. Geological Survey or their cooperators) minimum depths to water (high-water levels) were measured in March 2004 in two quarterly-measured wells completed in the Marshall aquifer in Lake and Hume Townships. Period-of-record maximum depths to water were measured in September 2005 in three wells completed in the Marshall aquifer near Bad Axe. Water levels in those three wells recovered about 3 to 5 ft between September and December 2005. No period-of-record minimum or maximum depths to water were measured for the period from January 2004 through December 2005 in wells completed in either the glacial and Saginaw aquifers, or the Coldwater confining unit. Hydrographs showing water levels measured in each well are presented for the 25 wells measured on a quarterly basis.

Water-level trends measured for the period from January 2004 through December 2005 in other wells in Lower Michigan have similarities to those measured in Huron County wells. Several external factors influence water-level trends including proximity to nearby production wells, amount and timing of precipitation events, evapotranspiration and type of prevalent ground cover, proximity of aquifer to the surface, and hydraulic characteristics of overlying geologic materials.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Huron County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Crowley, S.L., and Blumer, S.P., 2006, Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1082, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051082.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051082.JPG"},{"id":9079,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Huron County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"1259\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Huron\",\"state\":\"MI\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.9219,44.0668],[-82.9138,44.0639],[-82.9081,44.0628],[-82.8963,44.0584],[-82.8914,44.0537],[-82.8877,44.0522],[-82.8753,44.0464],[-82.8626,44.0452],[-82.8482,44.0402],[-82.8419,44.0405],[-82.8262,44.0359],[-82.8179,44.0353],[-82.8161,44.0347],[-82.8136,44.0324],[-82.8118,44.0314],[-82.8068,44.0295],[-82.7967,44.0274],[-82.7919,44.0231],[-82.7888,44.0212],[-82.7877,44.018],[-82.7824,44.0101],[-82.7805,44.0091],[-82.7735,44.0103],[-82.7678,44.0097],[-82.7659,44.0087],[-82.7622,44.0068],[-82.7543,44.0011],[-82.7483,43.9945],[-82.7408,43.9916],[-82.7384,43.9893],[-82.7314,43.9776],[-82.726,43.9716],[-82.7233,43.9633],[-82.7222,43.9592],[-82.7192,43.9559],[-82.7089,43.9474],[-82.7073,43.9423],[-82.7005,43.9376],[-82.6979,43.9288],[-82.6936,43.926],[-82.6925,43.9218],[-82.6897,43.9154],[-82.6855,43.9112],[-82.686,43.9021],[-82.6843,43.8984],[-82.6755,43.8858],[-82.6659,43.8755],[-82.6561,43.8688],[-82.6549,43.8674],[-82.6546,43.8619],[-82.6482,43.8522],[-82.6458,43.8485],[-82.6453,43.8471],[-82.6453,43.8462],[-82.648,43.844],[-82.6481,43.8431],[-82.6469,43.8417],[-82.6438,43.8393],[-82.6358,43.8345],[-82.6356,43.8277],[-82.6338,43.8258],[-82.6302,43.8102],[-82.6248,43.8046],[-82.6259,43.7973],[-82.6247,43.7959],[-82.6232,43.7886],[-82.6166,43.7824],[-82.6143,43.7774],[-82.6171,43.7733],[-82.6176,43.7533],[-82.6108,43.7385],[-82.6099,43.7225],[-82.6072,43.7138],[-82.6099,43.6998],[-82.6072,43.6906],[-82.6403,43.6893],[-82.7601,43.6854],[-82.8794,43.6815],[-83.0005,43.6788],[-83.1184,43.675],[-83.2357,43.6725],[-83.3536,43.6686],[-83.4664,43.6657],[-83.4668,43.7409],[-83.4624,43.7417],[-83.4543,43.7529],[-83.4509,43.7569],[-83.4438,43.7609],[-83.4428,43.7672],[-83.4341,43.7793],[-83.432,43.7838],[-83.4222,43.7886],[-83.4188,43.7935],[-83.4161,43.798],[-83.4146,43.8039],[-83.41,43.8075],[-83.4118,43.8102],[-83.4117,43.8112],[-83.4104,43.812],[-83.4034,43.8119],[-83.4028,43.8123],[-83.3981,43.8177],[-83.3891,43.8339],[-83.3864,43.837],[-83.3901,43.8403],[-83.3897,43.8485],[-83.3903,43.8498],[-83.3883,43.8516],[-83.3825,43.8542],[-83.3652,43.8561],[-83.3594,43.8587],[-83.3494,43.8685],[-83.3421,43.8765],[-83.3284,43.8848],[-83.3301,43.8881],[-83.3273,43.8944],[-83.3264,43.8989],[-83.3314,43.9027],[-83.3445,43.9062],[-83.3686,43.9086],[-83.3824,43.9112],[-83.3907,43.9091],[-83.4027,43.9112],[-83.4018,43.9166],[-83.3747,43.9137],[-83.3326,43.9177],[-83.314,43.9209],[-83.301,43.9265],[-83.2938,43.9314],[-83.2853,43.9366],[-83.2832,43.9407],[-83.2754,43.9451],[-83.2783,43.9492],[-83.2783,43.9501],[-83.2756,43.9533],[-83.2714,43.9605],[-83.2642,43.979],[-83.2636,43.979],[-83.2443,43.9831],[-83.2366,43.9847],[-83.1939,43.9873],[-83.1793,43.986],[-83.1787,43.986],[-83.1722,43.9886],[-83.1478,43.9925],[-83.1264,44.002],[-83.1211,44.005],[-83.1172,44.0063],[-83.1039,44.006],[-83.0906,44.0052],[-83.0823,44.005],[-83.0709,44.0042],[-83.0671,44.0037],[-83.0554,44.0084],[-83.0548,44.0079],[-83.0427,44.0217],[-83.0418,44.0253],[-83.0396,44.0312],[-83.0341,44.0402],[-83.0307,44.0433],[-83.0305,44.0474],[-83.0299,44.0474],[-83.0159,44.0479],[-83.0101,44.0487],[-82.996,44.0506],[-82.9843,44.0548],[-82.9684,44.0681],[-82.9607,44.0692],[-82.9594,44.0687],[-82.9602,44.066],[-82.9596,44.0656],[-82.9507,44.0639],[-82.9411,44.0664],[-82.9275,44.0706],[-82.9256,44.0706],[-82.9237,44.0701],[-82.9231,44.0682],[-82.9219,44.0668]]],[[[-83.4078,43.8275],[-83.4099,43.8225],[-83.4159,43.8167],[-83.4303,43.8202],[-83.4361,43.8199],[-83.4425,43.8173],[-83.444,43.8119],[-83.4511,43.8102],[-83.4617,43.8132],[-83.4602,43.8187],[-83.4579,43.8282],[-83.4531,43.8349],[-83.4512,43.8367],[-83.4442,43.8361],[-83.4445,43.8306],[-83.4415,43.8255],[-83.4365,43.824],[-83.4388,43.8286],[-83.436,43.8345],[-83.4389,43.84],[-83.4402,43.841],[-83.4444,43.8452],[-83.4449,43.8488],[-83.448,43.8512],[-83.4496,43.8567],[-83.4476,43.8603],[-83.4444,43.8611],[-83.4335,43.8618],[-83.4295,43.8535],[-83.4327,43.8513],[-83.4386,43.8487],[-83.4268,43.8411],[-83.41,43.8344],[-83.4096,43.8302],[-83.4078,43.8275]]],[[[-83.4138,43.8773],[-83.4164,43.8764],[-83.4214,43.8779],[-83.4277,43.8785],[-83.4295,43.8808],[-83.4319,43.8827],[-83.4319,43.8841],[-83.4299,43.8858],[-83.4311,43.8877],[-83.4291,43.8886],[-83.4255,43.8848],[-83.4205,43.8824],[-83.4194,43.8801],[-83.4156,43.8782],[-83.4138,43.8773]]],[[[-83.4892,43.7656],[-83.4911,43.7647],[-83.4924,43.7656],[-83.4942,43.767],[-83.4954,43.768],[-83.496,43.7694],[-83.4959,43.7721],[-83.4913,43.7752],[-83.4895,43.7733],[-83.4883,43.7724],[-83.4871,43.771],[-83.4872,43.7687],[-83.4879,43.7669],[-83.4892,43.7656]]],[[[-83.4212,43.8123],[-83.418,43.8113],[-83.4174,43.8117],[-83.4175,43.8095],[-83.4189,43.8068],[-83.4215,43.805],[-83.4228,43.805],[-83.4246,43.806],[-83.4252,43.8065],[-83.4239,43.8087],[-83.4238,43.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T. L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, S. L.","contributorId":77614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumer, S. P.","contributorId":23938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79521,"text":"ds230 - 2006 - Compilation of historical water-quality data for selected springs in Texas, by ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T15:09:28","indexId":"ds230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"230","title":"Compilation of historical water-quality data for selected springs in Texas, by ecoregion","docAbstract":"Springs are important hydrologic features in Texas. A database of about 2,000 historically documented springs and available spring-flow measurements previously has been compiled and published, but water-quality data remain scattered in published sources. This report by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, documents the compilation of data for 232 springs in Texas on the basis of a set of criteria and the development of a water-quality database for the selected springs. The selection of springs for compilation of historical water-quality data in Texas was made using existing digital and hard-copy data, responses to mailed surveys, selection criteria established by various stakeholders, geographic information systems, and digital database queries. Most springs were selected by computing the highest mean spring flows for each Texas level III ecoregion. A brief assessment of the water-quality data for springs in Texas shows that few data are available in the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, High Plains, East Central Texas Plains, Western Gulf Coastal Plain, and South Central Plains ecoregions. Water-quality data are more abundant for the Chihuahuan Deserts, Edwards Plateau, and Texas Blackland Prairies ecoregions. Selected constituent concentrations in Texas springs, including silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, strontium, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate (nitrogen), dissolved solids, and hardness (as calcium carbonate) are comparatively high in the Chihuahuan Deserts, Southwestern Tablelands, Central Great Plains, and Cross Timbers ecoregions, mostly as a result of subsurface geology. Comparatively low concentrations of selected constituents in Texas springs are associated with the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, Southern Texas Plains, East Central Texas Plains, and South Central Plains ecoregions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department","usgsCitation":"Heitmuller, F.T., and Williams, I.P., 2006, Compilation of historical water-quality data for selected springs in Texas, by ecoregion: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 230, vi, 32 p.; database files (available online only), https://doi.org/10.3133/ds230.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.; database files (available online only)","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heitmuller, Franklin T.","contributorId":67476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Iona P.","contributorId":72081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Iona","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79519,"text":"ofr20051306 - 2006 - Continuous resistivity profiling data from the upper Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T19:16:44.746441","indexId":"ofr20051306","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1306","title":"Continuous resistivity profiling data from the upper Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"

The Neuse River Estuary in North Carolina has suffered impacts of eutrophication in recent years. As part of a larger project to better constrain nutrient budgets in the estuary, field investigations were performed to study occurrence and discharge of fresh and brackish ground water and nutrients beneath the estuary itself (fig. 1). A Continuous Resistivity Profiling (CRP) system (Manheim and others, 2004) was used to map the depth of the freshwater-saltwater interface (FSI) in sub-estuarine groundwater. This study area serves as a typological representation of a submarine groundwater environment characteristic of a shallow estuary in a wide coastal plain that has not experienced glaciation. Similar settings extend from New Jersey to Georgia, and along the Gulf of Mexico in the U.S. This report archives 29 lines of data collected during 2004 and 2005 surveys representing almost 210 km of survey lines. These data are further explained in the Data Processing section of the report and previews available of the processed data are available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051306","usgsCitation":"Cross, V.A., Bratton, J.F., Bergeron, E., Meunier, J.K., Crusius, J., and Koopmans, D., 2006, Continuous resistivity profiling data from the upper Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1306, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051306.","productDescription":"HTML Document","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergeron, Emile M. ebergeron@usgs.gov","contributorId":3449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"Emile M.","email":"ebergeron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meunier, Jeff K.","contributorId":29753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koopmans, Dirk","contributorId":33647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79520,"text":"sir20065178 - 2006 - Changes in streamflow and water quality in selected nontidal basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:43:50.758155","indexId":"sir20065178","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5178","title":"Changes in streamflow and water quality in selected nontidal basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2004","docAbstract":"

As part of an annual evaluation of water-quality conditions by the Chesapeake Bay Program, water-quality and streamflow data from 32 sites in nontidal parts of the Chesapeake Bay watershed were analyzed to document annual nutrient and sediment trends for 1985 through 2004. This study also formalized different trend tests and methodologies used in assessing the effectiveness of man-agement actions in reducing nutrients and sediments to the Chesapeake Bay. Trends in streamflow were tested at multiple time scales (daily, seasonal, and annual), resulting in only one significant trend (annual-mean streamflow for the Choptank River near Greensboro, Md.). Total freshwater flow entering the bay for the July-August-September 'summer' season 2004 was the highest ever estimated for that 3-month period (1937-2004). Observed (unbiased) concentration summaries indi-cate higher ranges in total-nitrogen concentrations in the northern major river basins, those in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and northern Virginia, compared to the more southern basins in Virginia. Almost half of the monitoring sites in the northern basins exhibited significant downward trends in total nitrogen with time. Comparisons with total phosphorus and sediment showed similar results to total nitrogen.

Monthly and annual loads were available for the River Input Monitoring Program sites from the U.S. Geological Survey. Although loads were significantly reduced from 2003, in 2004, the combined estimated total nitrogen loads were the third highest since 1990, whereas total phosphorus and sediment loads were the fifth highest. A flow-weighted concentration (FWC) is useful in evaluating changes through time. Combined annual mean total nitrogen FWC from the 9 River Input Monitoring Program sites indicated a downward tendency from 1985 through 1998 and an upward tendency since 2001. From 1990 to 2004, the mean concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment were 1.58, 0.085, and 51 milligrams per liter, respectively. Flow-weighted concentrations for phosphorus and sediment were lower in the Susquehanna River at Conowingo, Md., most likely due to the trapping efficiency of three large reservoirs upstream from the sampling point.

Trends in concentrations, not adjusted for flow, identified 10 statistically significant upward trends, and 50 statistically significant downward trends in concentration for the period 1985 through 2004. Trends in concentrations, when adjusted for flow, can be used as an indicator of human activity and management actions. The flow-adjusted trends indicated significant downward trends at approx-imately 72, 81, and 43 percent of the sites for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment, respectively. This indicates that management actions are having some effect in reducing nutrients and sediments.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program Office; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., Raffensperger, J.P., Moyer, D., Landwehr, J.M., and Schwarz, G., 2006, Changes in streamflow and water quality in selected nontidal basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5178, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065178.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science 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Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79522,"text":"sir20065301 - 2006 - Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls to Devils Swamp Lake near Baton Rouge, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:47:33","indexId":"sir20065301","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5301","title":"Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls to Devils Swamp Lake near Baton Rouge, Louisiana","docAbstract":"

Devils Swamp Lake near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, created in 1973 by dredging in Devils Swamp along the Mississippi River, is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from historical industrial discharges. This study involved the investigation of the occurrence, distribution, and sources of PCBs in the lake, including the possible historical contribution of PCBs from a hazardous-chemical disposal facility by way of a wastewater drainage ditch that was used from 1971 to 1993. Six bed sediment cores from the lake and three bed sediment grab samples from the drainage ditch were collected; 61 subsamples from selected intervals in five of the six cores and the three grab samples from the ditch were analyzed for PCBs using an immunoassay screening method. Sixteen of the core subsamples and one ditch sample were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (15 samples), and major and trace elements. PCB congener profiles and a factor analysis of congener composition indicate that PCBs in sediment from the drainage ditch and in lake sediment deposited near the canal since the mid-1980s are similar, which indicates the disposal facility, by way of the wastewater drainage ditch, is the source of the PCBs. Sediment from several hundred meters down the lake to the west, near where Bayou Baton Rouge enters the lake, had a different PCB composition and in a sample deposited in the early 1980s, a much higher concentration, indicating a second source of PCBs in the watershed of Bayou Baton Rouge. Large differences in PAHs and metals between sediment near the ditch and sediment near Bayou Baton Rouge support this conclusion. The identity of the Bayou Baton Rouge source(s) cannot be established using available data. The short duration and relatively high concentrations of PCBs from the bayou source indicate either a spill or a flood-related release-there was a large flood on the Mississippi River in 1983. Older (deeper) samples from cores near the drainage ditch (dated as deposited before the mid-1980s) had PCB compositions that indicate a mixture of sources (Bayou Baton Rouge and the drainage ditch). Elevated PCB concentrations in sediment from the drainage ditch and cores from near the mouth of the ditch in recent (post-2000) samples indicate that some PCB inputs from the ditch might still be occurring.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065301","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Wilson, J.T., and Kimball, B.A., 2006, Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls to Devils Swamp Lake near Baton Rouge, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5301, iii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065301.","productDescription":"iii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065301.PNG"},{"id":9077,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5301/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327739,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5301/pdf/sir2006-5301.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e769b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79514,"text":"ofr20061373 - 2006 - High-resolution boomer seismic-reflection profiles of the shelf off southern California from cruise A-1-00-SC: Santa Monica Bay to San Diego","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T20:01:10.221922","indexId":"ofr20061373","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1373","title":"High-resolution boomer seismic-reflection profiles of the shelf off southern California from cruise A-1-00-SC: Santa Monica Bay to San Diego","docAbstract":"High-resolution boomer data were collected in the California Continental Borderland as part of the southern California Earthquake Hazards Task of the Southern California Coastal and Marine Geology Regional Investigations Project. During the period from 1997 to 2002, five data-acquisition cruises collected seismic-reflection data using several different systems from offshore Santa Barbara, California, south to the Exclusive Economic Zone boundary with Mexico. A key mission of this project was to map late Quaternary deformation in addition to improving our understanding of which offshore fault zones might have potential to damage highly populated areas of southern California. State regulations concerning the use of seismic-reflection equipment within three miles of the coastline precluded the routine gathering of high-resolution multichannel data in that swath adjacent to the coast. Boomer seismic-reflection data, however, can be obtained within the state 3-mile limit provided the operation receives authorization from the California State Lands Commission. \r\n\r\nThe Geopulse boomer data accessible through this report were collected on the cruise A-1-00-SC, which was the only survey where we requested permission to work inside the 3-mile limit of the State of California. These data are critical to discovering connections between onshore and offshore faults, the overall lengths of which are related to the potential size of an earthquake that might be generated along them. The 2000 survey was designed to fill the gap between onshore data and reflection data obtained in deeper water on previous cruises as well as data anticipated from future surveys. This report includes trackline maps showing the location of the data, as well as both digital data files (SEG-Y) and images of all of the profiles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061373","usgsCitation":"Gutmacher, C.E., Ross, S.L., Triezenberg, P., Sliter, R.W., Normark, W.R., and Edwards, B.D., 2006, High-resolution boomer seismic-reflection profiles of the shelf off southern California from cruise A-1-00-SC: Santa Monica Bay to San Diego (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1373, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061373.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-06-05","temporalEnd":"2000-06-29","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414730,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78843.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Diego","otherGeospatial":"Santa Monica Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1208,\n 32.5828\n ],\n [\n -117.1208,\n 34.0328\n ],\n [\n -118.8056,\n 34.0328\n ],\n [\n -118.8056,\n 32.5828\n ],\n [\n -117.1208,\n 32.5828\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fa08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutmacher, Christina E.","contributorId":28272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutmacher","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79518,"text":"ofr20061266 - 2006 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2004 through September 2005) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T06:39:38","indexId":"ofr20061266","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1266","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2004 through September 2005) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to below Missoula as part of a long-term monitoring program, conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the upper Clark Fork basin of western Montana. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork, six major tributaries, and three smaller tributaries. Water-quality samples were collected periodically at 18 sites during October 2004 through September 2005 (water year 2005). Bed-sediment and biological samples were collected once in August 2005. The primary constituents analyzed were trace elements associated with tailings from historical mining and smelting activities. This report summarizes the results of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples col-lected in water year 2005 and provides statistical summaries of data collected since 1985.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data for samples collected periodically from streams include concentrations of selected major ions, trace ele-ments, and suspended sediment. Daily values of suspended-sed-iment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for three sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-ele-ment concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Bio-logical data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Quality-assurance data are reported for analytical results of water, \r\nbed sediment, and biota. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data are provided for the period of record since 1985 for each site.\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061266","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2006, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2004 through September 2005) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1266, v, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061266.","productDescription":"v, 109 p.","numberOfPages":"114","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9073,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79504,"text":"ofr20061374 - 2006 - Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"ofr20061374","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1374","title":"Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005","docAbstract":"Previous investigations have shown that natural attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are substantial in shallow ground water beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU-1), Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor ground-water geochemistry to assure that conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation. This report presents the ground-water geochemical and selected VOC data collected at OU-1 by the USGS during June 21-24, 2005, in support of long-term monitoring for natural attenuation.\r\n\r\nFor June 2005, the strongly reducing conditions (sulfate reduction and methanogenesis) most favorable for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs were detected in fewer upper-aquifer wells than were detected during 2004. Redox conditions in ground water from the intermediate aquifer just downgradient of the landfill remained somewhat favorable for reductive dechlorination. Overall, the changes in redox conditions observed at individual wells have not been consistent or substantial throughout either the upper or the intermediate aquifers.\r\n\r\nIn apparent contrast to changes in redox conditions, the chlorinated VOC concentrations were lower than previously measured in many of the piezometers in the northern phytoremediation plantation. The decrease in contaminant concentrations beneath the northern plantation and the end-product (ethane and ethene) evidence for reductive dechlorination are consistent with 2000-04 results.\r\n\r\nIn the southern phytoremediation plantation, changes in chlorinated VOC concentrations were variable. Most notable was a substantial decrease in the sum of trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride concentrations at piezometer P1-9 from 75,000 to 1,000 micrograms per liter between 2004 and 2005. The high concentrations of the reductive dechlorination end-products ethane and ethene measured at the most contaminated sites (P1-6 and P1-7), as well as measurable concentrations at sites P1-9 and P1-10, are reliable evidence that reductive dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs is ongoing in the southern plantation.\r\n\r\nIn the 10 passive-diffusion samplers deployed beneath the marsh stream, the highest chlorinated VOC concentrations measured were at a site (S-4) about midway along the sampled stream reach. In 2005, the sum of trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride concentrations increased nearly twofold in comparison to 2004. It is not certain that the apparent increase in concentrations is representative of site conditions. However, the chlorinated VOC concentrations have increased each time at the two most contaminated passive-diffusion sampler sites that have been sampled for multiple years. In the marsh stream, chlorinated VOC concentrations in surface water were low at the site (SW-S6) near the upgradient margin of the former landfill. Concentrations in the stream increased substantially after flowing past the southern phytoremediation plantation to the downstream site (MA-12).\r\n\r\nOverall, the 2005 data were consistent with previous findings of continued biodegradation of chlorinated VOCs in ground water, along with continued discharge of some chlorinated VOCs to surface water in the marsh stream.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest","usgsCitation":"Dinicola, R., and Huffman, R., 2006, Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1374, iv, 28 p.; 2 figs.; 3 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061374.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.; 2 figs.; 3 tables","numberOfPages":"32","temporalStart":"2005-06-21","temporalEnd":"2005-06-24","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9061,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, R.L.","contributorId":44956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79516,"text":"ofr20061157 - 2006 - Alaska resource data file, Noatak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:04:08.026616","indexId":"ofr20061157","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1157","title":"Alaska resource data file, Noatak quadrangle","docAbstract":"

This report gives descriptions of the mineral occurrences in the Noatak 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska. The data presented here are maintained as part of a statewide database on mines, prospects and mineral occurrences throughout Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061157","usgsCitation":"Grybeck, D.J., and Dumoulin, J.A., 2006, Alaska resource data file, Noatak quadrangle (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1157, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061157.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484076,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":484077,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":486308,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1157/of2006-1157.pdf","text":"Report","size":"156 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1157 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.25,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -165.25,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -165.25,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grybeck, Donald J.","contributorId":20013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79508,"text":"sir20065210 - 2006 - Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in ground water and finished water of community water systems in Eagle and Spanish Springs Valleys, Nevada, 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20065210","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5210","title":"Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in ground water and finished water of community water systems in Eagle and Spanish Springs Valleys, Nevada, 2002-2004","docAbstract":"As a part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, an effort to characterize the quality of major rivers and aquifers used as a source of supply to some of the largest community water systems (CWSs) in the United States has been initiated. These studies, termed Source Water-Quality Assessments (SWQAs), consist of two sampling phases. Phase 1 was designed to determine the frequency of detection and concentrations of about 260 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and pesticide degradates, and other anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of 15 CWS wells in each study. Phase 2 monitors concentrations in the source water and also the associated finished water of CWSs for compounds most frequently detected during phase 1. One SWQA was completed in the Nevada Basin and Range area in Nevada. Ten CWS wells in Eagle Valley and five CWS wells in Spanish Springs Valley were sampled. For phase 2, two wells were resampled in Eagle Valley. Samples were collected during 2002-2004 for both phases.\r\n\r\nWater use in Eagle Valley is primarily for domestic purposes and is supplied through CWSs. Ground-water sources provide about 55 percent of the public-water supply, and surface-water sources supply about 45 percent. Lesser amounts of water are provided by domestic wells. Very little water is used for agriculture or manufacturing. Spanish Springs Valley has water-use characteristics similar to those in Eagle Valley, although there is more agricultural water use in Spanish Springs Valley than in Eagle Valley.\r\n\r\n\r\nMaximum contaminant concentrations were compared to two human-health benchmarks, if available, to describe the water-quality data in a human-health context for these findings. Measured concentrations of regulated contaminants were compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Nevada Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) values. Measured concentrations of unregulated contaminants were compared to Health-Based Screening Levels, which are not regulatory standards and are not legally enforceable values. All of the contaminants detected in this study were found at concentrations less than available human-health benchmarks.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn the source waters sampled in phase 1, 10 contaminants of the approximately 260 measured were detected in samples collected from Eagle Valley, and 4 contaminants were detected in samples from Spanish Springs Valley. The most frequently detected compounds in the Eagle Valley source water were chloroform (a disinfection by-product), which was detected in samples from four wells, and deethylatrazine (a degradation product of the herbicide atrazine), which was detected in samples from three wells. Each of the four contaminants detected in the Spanish Springs Valley source waters was detected in samples from one well.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe detection frequencies of VOCs and pesticides in samples from the SWQA wells were similar to those in samples from both shallow and deep monitoring wells in Carson City, Reno, and Spanish Springs. This indicates that the SWQA sampling is representative of the organic chemical compounds likely to be detected in the aquifers sampled. However, more organic compounds were detected at low frequencies and concentrations in samples from the monitoring wells than in samples from SWQA wells.\r\n\r\n\r\nThree contaminants were detected in one finished-water sample collected from Eagle Valley. Comparison of SWQA results in the Nevada Basin and Range Study Unit to results of an SWQA in the larger urban area of Salt Lake City showed that fewer anthropogenic compounds were detected in Eagle and Spanish Springs Valleys and generally at lower concentrations than in the Salt Lake City study.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065210","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., Shaefer, D.H., Toccalino, P.A., and Delzer, G.C., 2006, Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in ground water and finished water of community water systems in Eagle and Spanish Springs Valleys, Nevada, 2002-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5210, viii, 31 p.; 7 figs.; 6 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065210.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.; 7 figs.; 6 tables","numberOfPages":"31","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9091,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e76ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":100961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toccalino, Patricia A.","contributorId":8195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toccalino","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79507,"text":"sir20065284 - 2006 - Peak Discharge, Flood Profile, Flood Inundation, and Debris Movement Accompanying the Failure of the Upper Reservoir at the Taum Sauk Pump Storage Facility near Lesterville, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"sir20065284","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5284","title":"Peak Discharge, Flood Profile, Flood Inundation, and Debris Movement Accompanying the Failure of the Upper Reservoir at the Taum Sauk Pump Storage Facility near Lesterville, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Taum Sauk pump-storage hydroelectric power plant located in Reynolds County, Missouri, uses turbines that operate as pumps and hydraulic head generated by discharging water from an upper to a lower reservoir to produce electricity. A 55-acre upper reservoir with a 1.5- billion gallon capacity was built on top of Proffit Mountain, approximately 760 feet above the floodplain of the East Fork Black River. At approximately 5:16 am on December 14, 2005, a 680-foot wide section of the upper reservoir embankment failed suddenly, sending water rushing down the western side of Proffit Mountain and emptying into the floodplain of East Fork Black River. Flood waters from the upper reservoir flowed downstream through Johnson's Shut-Ins State Park and into the lower reservoir of the East Fork Black River. Floods such as this present unique challenges and opportunities to analyze and document peak-flow characteristics, flood profiles, inundation extents, and debris movement. \r\n\r\nOn December 16, 2005, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were collected and used to support hydraulic analyses, forensic failure analyses, damage extent, and mitigation of future disasters. To evaluate the impact of sedimentation in the lower reservoir, a bathymetric survey conducted on December 22 and 23, 2005, was compared to a previous bathymetric survey conducted in April, 2005. Survey results indicated the maximum reservoir capacity difference of 147 acre-feet existed at a pool elevation of 730 feet. \r\n\r\nPeak discharge estimates of 289,000 cubic feet per second along Proffit Mountain and 95,000 cubic feet per second along the East Fork Black River were determined through indirect measurement techniques. The magnitude of the embankment failure flood along the East Fork Black River was approximately 4 times greater than the 100-year flood frequency estimate of 21,900 cubic feet per second, and approximately 3 times greater than the 500-year flood frequency estimate of 30,500 cubic feet per second. Dynamic wave unsteady flow models Dam Break (DAMBRK) and Unsteady NETwork (UNET) were used to route the flood wave from the embankment failure breach of the upper reservoir to the spillway of the lower reservoir. Simulated velocities ranged from 20 to 51 feet per second along Proffit Mountain and 12 to 32 feet per second along the East Fork Black River. Simulated arrival time of the flood wave took approximately 5.5 to 6.0 minutes to enter into the floodplain of the East Fork Black River, and roughly 29 minutes to begin filling the lower reservoir. Simulated shear stress values reached as high as 232 pounds per square foot along the slope of Proffit Mountain and 144 pounds per square foot within the Shut-Ins. Flood depths from the embankment failure may have reached greater than 50 feet along Proffit Mountain and as much as 30 to 40 feet along the East Fork Black River. \r\n\r\nA steady-state model was used to develop 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood frequency profiles along the East Fork Black River. A similar flood event, hypothetically resulting from a breach of the east embankment above Taum Sauk Creek, was simulated along with the 100- and 500-year flood profiles on Taum Sauk Creek. Estimated extents of flood inundation were developed for each profile. \r\n\r\nDebris movement was extensive as a result of the flood wave moving down Proffit Mountain and through Johnson's Shut-Ins State Park. A quantitative assessment of debris movement was conducted to benefit rehabilitation efforts within the park. Approximately 180 acres of timber were affected as a result of the embankment failure flood.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065284","usgsCitation":"Rydlund, P.H., 2006, Peak Discharge, Flood Profile, Flood Inundation, and Debris Movement Accompanying the Failure of the Upper Reservoir at the Taum Sauk Pump Storage Facility near Lesterville, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5284, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065284.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9064,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rydlund, Paul H. Jr. 0000-0001-9461-9944 prydlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-9944","contributorId":3840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rydlund","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"prydlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79512,"text":"ofr20061312 - 2006 - Micrometeorological and Soil Data for Calculating Evapotranspiration for Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20061312","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1312","title":"Micrometeorological and Soil Data for Calculating Evapotranspiration for Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Micrometeorological and soil-moisture data were collected at two instrumented sites on Rainier Mesa at the Nevada Test Site, January 1, 2002 - August 23, 2005. Data collected at each site include net radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity at two heights; wind speed and direction; subsurface soil heat flux; subsurface soil temperature; volumetric soil water; and matric water potential. These data were used to estimate 20-minute average and daily average evapotranspiration values. The data presented in this report are collected and calculated evapotranspiration rates.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061312","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operation Office of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI52-01NV13944","usgsCitation":"DeMeo, G.A., Flint, A.L., Laczniak, R.J., and Nylund, W.E., 2006, Micrometeorological and Soil Data for Calculating Evapotranspiration for Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1312, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061312.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-08-23","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9066,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMeo, Guy A. gademeo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"Guy","email":"gademeo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nylund, Walter E.","contributorId":12913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nylund","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79513,"text":"ofr20061377 - 2006 - Distribution, thickness, and volume of fine-grained sediment from precipitation of metals from acid-mine waters in Keswick Reservoir, Shasta County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T14:15:40","indexId":"ofr20061377","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1377","title":"Distribution, thickness, and volume of fine-grained sediment from precipitation of metals from acid-mine waters in Keswick Reservoir, Shasta County, California","docAbstract":"

In February 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acquired high-resolution seismic-reflection data to map the distribution and thickness of fine-grained sediments associated with acid-mine drainage in Keswick Reservoir on the Sacramento River, near Redding, California. In the Spring Creek Arm of Keswick Reservoir, the sediments occurred in three distinct accumulations; thicknesses are greater than 2 meters (m) in the western accumulation, greater than 5 m in the central accumulation, and up to 8 m in the eastern accumulation. In Keswick Reservoir, fine-grained sediments related to acid-mine drainage were present from slightly north of the Spring Creek Arm downstream to the Keswick Dam. Sediment thickness varies from about 3 m opposite the mouth of the Spring Creek Arm to less than 1 m near Keswick Dam.

\n
\n

Our estimate for the total volume of fine-grained sediments in the Spring Creek Arm at the time of the geophysical survey in February 1993 is about 152,000 cubic meters in three sediment accumulations, with about 14,000, 32,000, and 105,000 cubic meters respectively in the western, central, and eastern accumulations. We interpreted that an additional 110, 000 cubic meters of material was present in the main part of Keswick Reservoir. At the time of data collection, we therefore estimate that the total volume of fine-grained sediment was 260,000 cubic meters. In the main part of Keswick Reservoir, 42% to 50% of the reservoir area contiguous to Spring Creek Arm had mappable fine-grained sediments. Decreasing sediment supply down-reservoir meant that mappable sediment covered only about 35% of the reservoir in the area to the south, decreasing to about 12% near Keswick Dam. Much of the reservoir bottom below the Spring Creek Arm could have had a thin (less than 20-30 cm) cover of fine-grained sediment that was not mappable using the seismic-reflection data.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061377","usgsCitation":"Bruns, T.R., Alpers, C.N., and Carlson, P., 2006, Distribution, thickness, and volume of fine-grained sediment from precipitation of metals from acid-mine waters in Keswick Reservoir, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1377, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061377.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061377.PNG"},{"id":9067,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1377/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","otherGeospatial":"Keswick Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruns, Terry R.","contributorId":29420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, Paul","contributorId":52234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79503,"text":"ofr20061285 - 2006 - Selected Ground-Water Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, January-December 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20061285","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1285","title":"Selected Ground-Water Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, January-December 2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Repository Development, collects, compiles, and summarizes hydrologic data in the Yucca Mountain region of southern Nevada and eastern California. These data are collected to allow assessments of ground-water resources during activities to determine the potential suitability or development of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste.\r\n\r\nData on ground-water levels at 35 boreholes and 1 fissure (Devils Hole), ground-water discharge at 5 springs, both ground-water levels and discharge at 1 flowing borehole, and total reported ground-water withdrawals within Crater Flat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert are tabulated from January through December 2004. Also tabulated are ground-water levels, discharges, and withdrawals collected by other agencies (or collected as part of other programs) and data revised from those previously published at monitoring sites. Historical data on water levels, discharges, and withdrawals are presented graphically to indicate variations through time.\r\n\r\nA statistical summary of ground-water levels at seven boreholes in Jackass Flats is presented for the period 1992-2004 to indicate potential effects of ground-water withdrawals associated with U.S. Department of Energy activities near Yucca Mountain. The statistical summary includes the annual number of measurements, maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes, and average deviation of measured water-level altitudes compared to the 1992-93 baseline period. At six boreholes in Jackass Flats, median water levels for 2004 were slightly higher (0.3-2.7 feet) than their median water levels for 1992-93. At one borehole in Jackass Flats, median water level for 2004 equaled the median water level for 1992-93.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061285","usgsCitation":"La Camera, R.J., Locke, G.L., Habte, A.M., and Darnell, J.G., 2006, Selected Ground-Water Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, January-December 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1285, vi, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061285.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"77","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1285/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Camera, Richard J.","contributorId":52212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Camera","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Glenn L. gllocke@usgs.gov","contributorId":2479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Glenn","email":"gllocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Habte, Aron M.","contributorId":108206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habte","given":"Aron","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darnell, Jon G.","contributorId":47042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darnell","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79500,"text":"sir20065131 - 2006 - Statistical analyses of hydrologic system components and simulation of Edwards aquifer water-level response to rainfall using transfer-function models, San Antonio region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T20:27:50.343036","indexId":"sir20065131","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5131","title":"Statistical analyses of hydrologic system components and simulation of Edwards aquifer water-level response to rainfall using transfer-function models, San Antonio region, Texas","docAbstract":"In 2003 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, did a study using historical data to statistically analyze hydrologic system components in the San Antonio region of Texas and to develop transfer-function models to simulate water levels at selected sites (wells) in the Edwards aquifer on the basis of rainfall. Water levels for two wells in the confined zone in Medina County and one well in the confined zone in Bexar County were highly correlated and showed little or no lag time between water-level responses. Water levels in these wells also were highly correlated with springflow at Comal Springs. Water-level hydrographs for 35 storms showed that an individual well can respond differently to similar amounts of rainfall. Fourteen water-level-recession hydrographs for a Medina County well showed that recession rates were variable. Transfer-function models were developed to simulate water levels at one confined-zone well and two recharge-zone wells in response to rainfall. For the confined-zone well, 50 percent of the simulated water levels are within 10 feet of the measured water levels, and 80 percent of the simulated water levels are within 15 feet of the measured water levels. For one recharge-zone well, 50 percent of the simulated water levels are within 5 feet of the measured water levels, and 90 percent of the simulated water levels are within 14 feet of the measured water levels. For the other recharge-zone well, 50 percent of the simulated water levels are within 14 feet of the measured water levels, and 90 percent of the simulated water levels are within 27 feet of the measured water levels. The transfer-function models showed that (1) the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio region responds differently to recharge (effective rainfall) at different wells; and (2) multiple flow components are present in the aquifer. If simulated long-term system response results from a change in the hydrologic budget, then water levels would be difficult to simulate accurately.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Miller, L.D., and Long, A.J., 2006, Statistical analyses of hydrologic system components and simulation of Edwards aquifer water-level response to rainfall using transfer-function models, San Antonio region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5131, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065131.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9057,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407651,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78788.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.4,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -97.7444,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -97.7444,\n 30.625\n ],\n [\n -100.4,\n 30.625\n ],\n [\n -100.4,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48aae4b07f02db52c769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Lisa D. 0000-0002-3523-0768 ldmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":1125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lisa","email":"ldmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79501,"text":"ofr20061311 - 2006 - Water-Surface Elevations, Discharge, and Water-Quality Data for Selected Sites in the Warm Springs Area near Moapa, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"ofr20061311","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1311","title":"Water-Surface Elevations, Discharge, and Water-Quality Data for Selected Sites in the Warm Springs Area near Moapa, Nevada","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Southern Nevada Water Authority and the Nevada Division of Water Resources, operates and maintains a surface-water monitoring network of 6 continuous-record stream-flow gaging stations and 11 partial-record stations in the Warm Springs area near Moapa, Nevada. Permanent land-surface bench marks were installed within the Warm Springs area by the Las Vegas Valley Water District, the Southern Nevada Water Authority, and the U.S. Geological Survey to determine water-surface elevations at all network monitoring sites. Vertical datum elevation and horizontal coordinates were established for all bench marks through a series of Differential Global Positioning System surveys. Optical theodolite surveys were made to transfer Differential Global Positioning System vertical datums to reference marks installed at each monitoring site. The surveys were completed in June 2004 and water-surface elevations were measured on August 17, 2004. Water-surface elevations ranged from 1,810.33 feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988 at a stream-gaging station in the Pederson Springs area to 1,706.31 feet at a station on the Muddy River near Moapa.\r\n\r\nDischarge and water-quality data were compiled for the Warm Springs area and include data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Nevada Division of Water Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Moapa Valley Water District, Desert Research Institute, and Converse Consultants. Historical and current hydrologic data-collection networks primarily are related to changes in land- and water-use activities in the Warm Springs area. These changes include declines in ranching and agricultural use, the exportation of water to other areas of Moapa Valley, and the creation of a national wildlife refuge. Water-surface elevations, discharge, and water-quality data compiled for the Warm Springs area will help identify (1) effects of changing vegetation within the former agricultural lands, (2) effects of restoration activities in the wildlife refuge, and (3) potential impacts of ground-water withdrawals.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061311","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Nevada Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Beck, D.A., Ryan, R., Veley, R.J., Harper, D.P., and Tanko, D.J., 2006, Water-Surface Elevations, Discharge, and Water-Quality Data for Selected Sites in the Warm Springs Area near Moapa, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1311, vi, 230 p. plus appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061311.","productDescription":"vi, 230 p. plus appendices","numberOfPages":"235","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1311/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5456e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, David A.","contributorId":102874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Roslyn","contributorId":51366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Roslyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veley, Ronald J. rjveley@usgs.gov","contributorId":4013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veley","given":"Ronald","email":"rjveley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harper, Donald P.","contributorId":90394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tanko, Daron J.","contributorId":88343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanko","given":"Daron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}