he North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is widely distributed throughout many ecosystems on the continent from northern Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, except for the southeastern portion of the United States. Habitats include the arid Desert Southwest region where modern records are generally sparse. The paleogeographic range in the Desert Southwest is not unlike the modern distribution of Erethizon, with some exceptions. Although there are early Pleistocene records of Erethizon for southern California, no late Pleistocene records (Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age [NALMA]) are known for Imperial, Inyo, Riverside, or San Bernardino Counties in southern California or in Mexico. This is surprising given late-Pleistocene records in Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico and modern records from southern California and Mexico. Pleistocene habitats for porcupines were similar to those occupied today, just at different elevations due to differing climates. Modern preferred habitats in the Desert Southwest include conifer-clad high-elevation areas and associated pinyon pine / juniper belts, and occasionally riparian corridors in desert environments. The overall rarity of porcupines today in arid parts of the Desert Southwest is likely due to the combination of increasing aridity in the region during the Holocene, past persecution by humans, and increasing predator populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., and Jefferson, G.T., 2025, Pleistocene porcupine (Erethizontidae) records in arid southwestern North America and comparisons with the modern distribution of Erethizon dorsatum in southern California and Arizona: Western North American Naturalist, v. 85, 6, 24 p.","productDescription":"6, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151905","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":498068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol85/iss4/6/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","volume":"85","edition":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jefferson, George T.","contributorId":364587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jefferson","given":"George","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":86855,"text":"Department of Parks and Recreation, Colorado Desert District, Stout Research Center, Borrego Springs, California 92004","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70273988,"text":"70273988 - 2025 - Elevation mediates juvenile steelhead demographic response to stream temperature and flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-20T22:31:11.593194","indexId":"70273988","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-23T15:23:50","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation mediates juvenile steelhead demographic response to stream temperature and flow","docAbstract":"Climate change alters streams by modifying flow dynamics, temperature, and biotic communities, changing the habitat where stream dwelling fish have evolved. We used snorkel survey data spanning four decades to investigate how juvenile steelhead (anadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss) counts and size structure were influenced by stream temperature and flow. Warmer temperatures were associated with lower abundance and larger fish at low elevations and with higher abundance and smaller fish at higher elevations. Low flows were related to increased abundance and smaller fish at low elevations but to decreased abundance at high elevations, suggesting that lower elevation streams, which tend to be larger, provided additional habitat during low flows. High flows were negatively related to abundance and positively related to average size, suggesting emigration of fish in younger age-classes. Overall, steelhead exhibited greater resilience to warm temperatures at high elevations and, conversely, greater resilience to low and high flows at lower elevations. Understanding how streamflow and temperature affect juvenile steelhead abundance and size structure provides insight into how climate change can affect juvenile steelhead production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2025-0057","usgsCitation":"Vosbigian, R., Ballinger, A., Link, T.E., Copeland, T., Falcy, M.R., 2025, Elevation mediates juvenile steelhead demographic response to stream temperature and flow: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2025-0057.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176032","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2025-0057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River basin, Salmon River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.88693697098967,\n 46.239806253101705\n ],\n [\n -116.08725001215848,\n 44.58877340680024\n ],\n [\n -113.81504145984678,\n 44.65156356442722\n ],\n [\n -113.88746821077106,\n 45.50351976892712\n ],\n [\n -114.52675806291347,\n 45.59810863893756\n ],\n [\n -114.2253382218617,\n 46.239806253101705\n ],\n [\n -115.88693697098967,\n 46.239806253101705\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vosbigian, Ryan A.","contributorId":354342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vosbigian","given":"Ryan A.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballinger, Alexa","contributorId":366508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballinger","given":"Alexa","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, Timothy E.","contributorId":366509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Timothy","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Copeland, Timothy","contributorId":354344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Copeland","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falcy, Matthew Richard 0000-0002-3332-2239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-2239","contributorId":288500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcy","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274131,"text":"70274131 - 2025 - Advancing current understanding of Martian impact-generated hydrothermal systems through novel coupled modeling: Insights from Gale, Jezero, and other craters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-26T16:52:04.006882","indexId":"70274131","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-23T09:46:02","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7353,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advancing current understanding of Martian impact-generated hydrothermal systems through novel coupled modeling: Insights from Gale, Jezero, and other craters","docAbstract":"Impact-generated hydrothermal systems are considered potentially habitable environments on Mars, Earth, and other planetary bodies for microbial life. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding what geological features on Mars provide definitive evidence for such systems. Although earlier studies have modeled hydrothermal processes in Martian craters, they often lacked integration with shock physics hydrocodes to constrain initial impact conditions. The importance of this two-code coupling was demonstrated by successfully replicating alteration signatures in the Earth's Haughton impact structure. In this study, we use a similar two-code approach, combining the iSALE hydrocode with the HYDROTHERM hydrothermal model to simulate the full evolution of impact-generated hydrothermal systems. We apply this method to craters the size of Jezero (∼50 km) and Gale (∼154 km) in diameter. Although Jezero's interior is largely buried, our results align with hypothesized hydrothermal vents and alteration minerals near central uplifts in similarly sized exposed craters, such as Toro and Auki. Furthermore, our models correspond to alteration patterns observed by the Curiosity in the lower layers of Mount Sharp, which may represent remnants of impact-driven hydrothermal activity. A key finding is that these systems may persist much longer than previously estimated. Our simulations suggest that a Jezero-sized system could remain habitable for thermophiles for approximately 720,000 years, whereas a Gale-sized system could persist for nearly 2 million years. Additionally, simulations under unsaturated crustal conditions reveal that air-dominated near-surface layers can suppress vertical fluid flow, enabling deep subsurface alteration without producing detectable mineral signatures at the surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024JE008896","usgsCitation":"Trowbridge, A.J., Marchi, S., Taron, J.M., and Osinski, G.R., 2025, Advancing current understanding of Martian impact-generated hydrothermal systems through novel coupled modeling: Insights from Gale, Jezero, and other craters: Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, v. 130, no. 12, e2024JE008896, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008896.","productDescription":"e2024JE008896, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174851","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024je008896","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"130","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trowbridge, Alexander J.","contributorId":367033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trowbridge","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":87529,"text":"NASA Astrobiology Postdoctoral Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marchi, Simone","contributorId":367034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchi","given":"Simone","affiliations":[{"id":37298,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taron, Joshua M. 0000-0003-2719-3917","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-3917","contributorId":248769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taron","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osinski, Gordon R.","contributorId":367035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osinski","given":"Gordon","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":87530,"text":"Dept. Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273714,"text":"70273714 - 2025 - The geology of Canadian potash: A critical mineral for feeding the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-26T15:11:01.823841","indexId":"70273714","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-23T08:02:47","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16690,"text":"Facets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology of Canadian potash: A critical mineral for feeding the world","docAbstract":"Potash, potassium-bearing water-soluble salt, is the primary global economic source of potassium. Potash is recognized as a critical mineral in Canada as it is the largest source of potassium used in fertilizers. It is essential for global agricultural productivity and food security. Canada is the world’s largest potash exporter with vast deposits in the widely mined Prairie Evaporite of Saskatchewan, which formed in the epicontinental Elk Point Basin during the Middle Devonian. Potash is also found in the Windsor Group of Atlantic Canada where it formed in a series of tectonically active basins during the Mississippian that have undergone substantial post-depositional subsurface alteration and deformation. Potash deposits were mined in New Brunswick up until 2016. Both deposits are salt giants, recording times in the geologic record of extensive and long-lasting evaporite genesis under arid conditions in restricted seas. This paper reviews the geological and economic significance of Canadian potash, including (1) the genesis of each deposit, (2) diagenetic, erosional, and tectonic modification, and (3) exploration and mining in each basin. Underdeveloped regions, possible undiscovered resources, environmental considerations, and the importance of sustainable practices in light of climate change and socioeconomic risks are also addressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/facets-2024-0363","usgsCitation":"E.J. Matheson, Cocker, M.D., Snyder, M.E., Funk, C., Boehner, R., Yang, C., Nicolas, M., and Kruger, N.W., 2025, The geology of Canadian potash: A critical mineral for feeding the world: Facets, v. 10, p. 1-40, https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2024-0363.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-172852","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2024-0363","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"E.J. Matheson 0000-0002-0355-0361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-0361","contributorId":365586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"E.J. Matheson","affiliations":[{"id":87156,"text":"Dept. of Math, Physics and Geology, Cape Breton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cocker, Mark D. 0000-0001-9435-5862 mcocker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-5862","contributorId":4297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cocker","given":"Mark","email":"mcocker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, M. E.","contributorId":365587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"M.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":87157,"text":"Dept. of Earth and Environmental Science, Acadia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Craig","contributorId":365588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":87158,"text":"Geoservices, Nutrien Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boehner, R.","contributorId":365589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boehner","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38268,"text":"independent","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yang, Chaowei 0000-0001-7768-4066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-4066","contributorId":362010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Chaowei","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nicolas, M.P.B.","contributorId":365590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicolas","given":"M.P.B.","affiliations":[{"id":87159,"text":"Manitoba Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kruger, N. 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Despite this, a lack of high-quality reference genomes for most non-model species limits our understanding of the impact of this process for many taxonomic groups. This restricts the range of insights that genomic tools can provide for conservation biologists, who often hope to employ genomic datasets to accurately identify historically isolated lineages to protect and to predict their evolutionary fate in the face of environmental change. Tiger whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris complex) are an abundant and important ecological component of ecosystems across the southwestern United States. In this study, we assembled and annotated a chromosome-level reference genome for A. t. stejnegeri from coastal California. We then used this reference genome to reconstruct patterns of speciation and admixture within the larger species complex, finding evidence that gene flow is widespread both geographically and across the genome.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gbe/evaf218","usgsCitation":"Barley, A.J., Ho, D.V., Baumann, P., Wang, I.J., Shaffer, H.B., Fisher, R.N., Gray, L.N., Krabbenhoft, T.J., Espinoza, R.E., Escalona, M., Toffelmier, E., Sahasrabudhe, R., Nguyen, O., Fairbairn, C.W., Beraut, E., and Thomson, R.C., 2025, Speciation genomics in the tiger whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris complex): Genome Biology and Evolution, v. 17, no. 12, evaf218, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf218.","productDescription":"evaf218, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183134","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf218","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Mexico, southwestern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.05581525403653,\n 36.44729610220706\n ],\n [\n -115.27181672437194,\n 25.785835832512632\n ],\n [\n -109.72280699879704,\n 21.796836323044985\n ],\n [\n -108.96560695285623,\n 23.724794649866627\n ],\n [\n -114.25142099794529,\n 31.97711728051575\n ],\n [\n -103.32771422082385,\n 27.61466119652667\n ],\n [\n -103.94091558336086,\n 33.57411141595831\n ],\n [\n -106.56599346429063,\n 32.77491303525552\n ],\n [\n -110.97336088502527,\n 34.5435699274435\n ],\n [\n -107.7674711688275,\n 35.90320292682061\n ],\n [\n -107.47500054368626,\n 37.098742679266984\n ],\n [\n -110.98660092132822,\n 37.01361174430673\n ],\n [\n -120.05581525403653,\n 36.44729610220706\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barley, Anthony J.","contributorId":367047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barley","given":"Anthony","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho, David V.","contributorId":367048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ho","given":"David","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":64804,"text":"Johannes Gutenberg University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumann, Peter","contributorId":190963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Ian J.","contributorId":367049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaffer, H. 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During the 20th century, the reliance on groundwater near Anza, California, used for agricultural, domestic, and municipal reasons has increased, and there is the potential for changes in groundwater availability related to climate change. Several types of existing data were evaluated, and new data were collected for this study, with the goal of characterizing the region’s hydrogeology. The study’s scope included constructing a geologic framework model to show where the groundwater-bearing units are present and their relation to each other, estimating the major components of the groundwater budget, and understanding local short-term and regional long-term groundwater flow and how that has changed since the early 1900s.
Two electrical resistivity tomography surveys were done in the Durasno Valley about 2,150 feet apart to identify the thickness of the alluvium, its horizontal extent, and the depth-to-basement along two profiles perpendicular to Cahuilla Creek. The subsurface sediments were mostly horizontally layered and the transitional boundary between the alluvium and basement was thinner and shallower along the upgradient profile where the depth-to-basement was about 70 feet below land surface; the depth-to-basement at the downgradient profile was more than about 140 feet below land surface. The results from the surveys were used to place four monitoring wells at two sites along the survey profiles. Artesian flow from the deepest well at the downgradient site indicated that the decomposed and competent basement likely contributed some groundwater to the overlying alluvium, laterally, from below, or both.
A digital three-dimensional geologic framework model was constructed using EarthVision software to represent the subsurface geometry of the alluvium, decomposed basement, and competent basement. Maps and cross sections of the modeled thicknesses of the alluvium and decomposed basement, and the modeled elevation of the top of the competent basement, were made to show the subsurface geometry of vertical faults, selected wells, and the groundwater-bearing units.
Because natural recharge is related to the variable cycles of precipitation, estimates are difficult to quantify. Recharge and runoff have extreme interannual variability in the study area; recharge and runoff can be sporadic, and a substantive amount may not occur in some years. Estimates of recharge from a previous study and the regional-scale Basin Characterization Model for California for four different periods ranged from 3,800 acre-feet/year for 1897–1947 to 5,900 acre-feet/year for 1971–2000. Potential recharge from the disposal of domestic septic systems may have been as much as 500 acre-feet in 2020. It was estimated that between about 400 and 2,400 acre-feet/year of groundwater is lost through evapotranspiration by vegetation and evaporation from open water bodies, but the main source of discharge is through pumpage, mainly used for agriculture from the alluvium in the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins. The estimated total pumpage for 1991–2021 ranged from about 1,140 acre-feet in 2019 to about 3,450 acre-feet in 1994. When summed, the cumulative amount of estimated pumpage between 1991 and 2021 was about 81,400 acre-feet.
The general direction of groundwater flow is from the northeast along the San Jacinto fault zone at the headwaters of Cahuilla and Hamilton Creeks, to the surface-water outlets at the west and southeast parts of the study area. Groundwater-level data from the 1950s and earlier indicate that there was a natural groundwater divide between the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins, but the changing magnitude and extent of the groundwater depressions caused by pumping since about 1950 indicate that the location of the natural groundwater boundary between the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins has migrated over time.
Flow from the upper to the lower parts of the Cahuilla Valley groundwater basin roughly follows the course of Cahuilla Creek through the narrow Durasno Valley where an estimated volume of flow in April 2019 was about 10–150 acre-feet/year. Short-term trends in groundwater levels, particularly in wells where groundwater is shallow and in the basement unit, show how some areas respond quickly to recharge and discharge. Wells located further to the east within the Cahuilla Valley groundwater basin in the alluvium show much less of a response to recharge events; areas of sustained pumpage from the alluvium, primarily for agriculture, show long-term declines in groundwater levels and generally do not show the effects of storm events or recent runoff. Groundwater levels in wells that are farthest from where most of the recharge occurs and where pumping has been the greatest, had some of the largest long-term groundwater-level declines at a rate of about 0.8 foot/year between 1971 and 2021.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ramona Band of Cahuilla","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C.L., Christensen, A.H., Cromwell, G., Dick, M.C., Ely, C.P., Jachens, E.R., Ogle, S.E., and Shepherd, M.M., 2025, Hydrogeologic characterization of the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley Groundwater Basins,\nRiverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5073, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255073.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 65 p., 3 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-116466","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497529,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93KA4IG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Select borehole data for Anza Valley, Anza, CA"},{"id":497531,"rank":7,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/images"},{"id":497875,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119059.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":497532,"rank":8,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/sir20255073.XML"},{"id":497530,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DJLSOV","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic data from the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins, Riverside County, California, 2022 (ver. 2.0, August 2025)"},{"id":497528,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LCEHD7","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Electrical resistivity tomography in the Anza-Terwilliger Valley, Riverside County, California 2018"},{"id":497527,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255073/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5073"},{"id":497526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/sir20255073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5073"},{"id":497525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -115.8,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -115.8,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 33.8\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
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6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
American black bear (Ursus americanus) sightings have increased in the Oklahoma Panhandle, an area outside of the species’ historical range, prompting an assessment of bears in the region. We used camera traps and an occupancy modeling framework to identify factors influencing bear detection and space-use patterns. We used noninvasive genetic sampling techniques to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure, and bear abundance in the region. During the summers of 2022–2023, we deployed cameras at 160 sites across western Oklahoma (USA) and detected ≥1 bear at 20 sites. The most-supported model from our single-season single-species analysis indicated that bear detection was positively associated with temperature and precipitation, negatively associated with day of year, and differed between years. The most-supported model indicated that bear space use was negatively associated with elevation (β = −0.013, 85% CI = −0.025, 0.000), and positively associated with slope (β = 0.645, 85% CI = 0.305, 0.984) and coarse woody debris counts (β = 1.539, 85% CI = 0.314, 2.765). We deployed 41 hair snares in Oklahoma resulting in the collection of 153 hair samples and received 69 tissue samples from black bears harvested in northeastern New Mexico. Using 11 microsatellite markers, we identified 21 (12M:9F) bears in western Oklahoma, and 69 (40M:29F) in New Mexico. We found evidence that bears occurring in Oklahoma were an extension of a previously documented population that occurred in northcentral New Mexico. We detected significant population-level heterozygote deficiency (P = 0.013) compared to expectations under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Using capture with replacement models, we estimated 26 (95% CI = 19–43) bears in western Oklahoma during 2022–2023. Our results provide baseline data on population distribution, abundance, and genetic health of bears in the region and identify factors that may drive human-bear conflicts as the bear population increases in western Oklahoma.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334492","usgsCitation":"Kleeberg, B.A., Lonsinger, R.C., Adams, J.R., Waits, L.P., and Fairbanks, W.S., 2025, Landscape associations and population genetics of a generalist carnivore at a range limit: PLoS ONE, v. 20, no. 12, e0334492, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334492.","productDescription":"e0334492, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177766","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334492","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.09593028457614,\n 37.178660674614676\n ],\n [\n -105.09593028457614,\n 35.77293937435742\n ],\n [\n -102.98497241644081,\n 35.792025688725346\n ],\n [\n -102.99009181457951,\n 36.495588393533026\n ],\n [\n -102.46725295705954,\n 36.50359277600708\n ],\n [\n -102.43344614818959,\n 37.178660674614676\n ],\n [\n -105.09593028457614,\n 37.178660674614676\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeberg, Bailey A.","contributorId":365394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleeberg","given":"Bailey","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonsinger, Robert Charles 0000-0002-1040-7299","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-7299","contributorId":340524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jennifer R.","contributorId":365395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Jennifer","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":365396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fairbanks, W. Sue","contributorId":365397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fairbanks","given":"W.","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273306,"text":"70273306 - 2025 - A comprehensive geologic framework of the National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-06T15:08:25.879415","indexId":"70273306","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-18T08:56:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive geologic framework of the National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional (3D) geologic framework has been developed for the conterminous United States (U.S.) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Crustal Model to enhance seismic hazard modeling. The geologic framework is created from geologic maps and multiple subsurface geologic unit boundaries including the base of the Miocene, Cenozoic, Phanerozoic, and the Mohorovičić discontinuity. Modifications are made to surficial geologic maps to remove discontinuities across state and country borders. The subsurface distribution of rock type and age is extrapolated from the surface, seeded with subsurface geologic information, and constrained by a map of basement geology. The framework provides the basis for estimates of subsurface seismic velocity and density that is needed to improve estimates of earthquake ground shaking and seismic hazard. The present framework greatly expands and updates a previously published 3D geologic framework of the western part of the U.S. that was itself a first-of-its-kind digital 3D portrayal of the nation.
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olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. 0000-0003-0892-4796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-4796","contributorId":210808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70273849,"text":"70273849 - 2025 - USGS Flow Photo Explorer is still going and growing!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-09T14:22:07.263598","indexId":"70273849","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-18T08:34:11","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18358,"text":"Flow Photo Explorer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"USGS Flow Photo Explorer is still going and growing!","docAbstract":"The Flow Photo Explorer (FPE) platform continues to grow rapidly as a national resource for using imagery to monitor environmental conditions. As of early December 2025, FPE now supports more than 350 users, operating across more than 600 monitoring sites. The database has expanded to over 12 million images, 800,000 annotations, and approximately 160 trained models, reflecting accelerating engagement from federal, state, tribal, academic and nonprofit partners.
Please see two critical updates below. Thank you for your continued support and contributions, we’re looking forward to many exciting improvements in the year to come!
Foraging time is a major component of ungulate activity budgets but can be limited by anti-predator behaviors (e.g., vigilance). Multitasking can reduce the nutritional costs of vigilance under heightened predation risk, but this may depend on the response of prey to risk from multiple predators across a complex spatiotemporal landscape. Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) are primary predators for elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Mexican wolf experimental population area in east-central Arizona and west-central New Mexico. We observed elk foraging across varying levels of wolf risk throughout all seasons and diel periods to quantify proportions of foraging, intense vigilance, and multitasking at the individual and herd levels. We quantified encounter and kill risk from Mexican wolves and mountain lions using habitat selection functions and utilization distributions. We modeled elk behaviors as functions of predicted risk for both predators in addition to temporal and environmental covariates and accounted for human presence. Our results indicate that individual elk reduced foraging in areas with higher predicted risk from Mexican wolves or mountain lions and increased intense vigilance and multitasking in areas with higher wolf risk. A reduction in the proportion of bedded elk in the herd during all diel periods under increased wolf risk supports previous findings. These results also suggest that elk compensate for higher intense vigilance and reduced foraging during foraging bouts by increasing cumulative foraging bouts per day at the cost of resting. Additionally, the probability of multitasking for individuals depended on an interaction between short- and long-term wolf risk, and the likelihood of intense vigilance was highest under the greatest combined spatial and temporal risk from wolves. This research provides insight into the fine-scale and complex behavioral responses of elk to their primary predators and implies a need for researchers to consider these non-consumptive effects in future studies of predator–prey dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72520","usgsCitation":"Olson, J.E., Thompson, C.J., Farley, Z.J., Martinez, S.I., Boyle, S.T., Tatman, N.M., DeVos, J.C., Liley, S.D., and Cain, J.W., 2025, Dynamic risk from Mexican wolves and mountain lions influences elk foraging behavior: Ecology and Evolution, v. 15, no. 12, e72520, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72520.","productDescription":"e72520, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178446","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72520","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.01395307742553,\n 34.91307254165142\n ],\n [\n -111.01395307742553,\n 33.14468986010648\n ],\n [\n -107.52910318153391,\n 33.14468986010648\n ],\n [\n -107.52910318153391,\n 34.91307254165142\n ],\n [\n -111.01395307742553,\n 34.91307254165142\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Julia E.","contributorId":365386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Julia","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Cara J.","contributorId":365387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Cara","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farley, Zachary J.","contributorId":365388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Zachary","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez, Samuel I.","contributorId":365389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Samuel","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyle, Scott T.","contributorId":365390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyle","given":"Scott","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tatman, Nicole M.","contributorId":365391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatman","given":"Nicole","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24672,"text":"New Mexico Department of Game and Fish","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeVos, James C.","contributorId":365392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeVos","given":"James","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12922,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liley, Stewart D.","contributorId":365393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liley","given":"Stewart","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24672,"text":"New Mexico Department of Game and Fish","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70273105,"text":"fs20253056 - 2025 - Assessing streams in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed to guide conservation and restoration activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T16:56:23.055037","indexId":"fs20253056","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-16T16:33:29","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3056","displayTitle":"Assessing Streams in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed to Guide Conservation and Restoration Activities","title":"Assessing streams in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed to guide conservation and restoration activities","docAbstract":"Freshwater streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed are home to numerous aquatic organisms (like fish, amphibians, mussels, and insects) and provide drinking water and recreational opportunities to people living in or visiting the watershed. Land-use changes, such as urban development and increased activities in certain agricultural sectors, have degraded water quality and altered conditions in these streams, thereby affecting their health and function. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with Federal, State, and local partners to develop modeled assessments of stream health in freshwater streams and rivers within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The USGS compiled large datasets for multiple stream health indicators, including instream stressors (salinity, water temperature, physical habitat, and streambank erosion) and living resources (macroinvertebrates and fish communities; fig. 1). These datasets were used by USGS scientists to develop models to predict stream health conditions across the entire region, including areas with little or no monitoring data. Collectively, these stream health assessments provide critical information to natural resource managers who implement restoration and conservation activities in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253056","issn":"2327-6932","isbn":"2327-6916","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K.O., Fanelli, R.M., Cashman, M.J., Boyle, L.J., Gordon, S.E., Gressler, B.P., Katoski, M.P., Kiser, A.H., Metes, M.J., Noe, G.B., Sekellick, A.J., Sussman, A., and Young, J.A., 2025, Assessing streams in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed to guide conservation and restoration activities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3056, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253056.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-180465","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3056/fs20253056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"39.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3056 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U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708
Monitoring the extent of surface water features (hydrography), accurately storing them in databases, and representing them on topographic maps are essential for various applications such as navigation and policy-making for legislative boundaries and permitting. In this context, hydrographic data includes features that generally have water present or image data showing signs that water is forming a terrain channel, and which would be included in 1:24,000 or larger scale topographic maps. In addition, reliable hydrographic data play a critical role to help manage environmental risks such as droughts, floods, fires, and landslides, as well as monitoring biological resources and pollutants. Inaccuracies in hydrography data can lead to modelling inaccuracies, resulting in economic, social, and environmental risks. However, generating sufficiently accurate high-resolution (HR) hydrography and terrain data for these purposes remains a substantial challenge primarily because of complex surface water dynamics and data handling limitations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Abstracts of the International Cartographic Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Cartographic Association","doi":"10.5194/ica-abs-10-275-2025","usgsCitation":"Stanislawski, L., Qin, R., Liu, J., Shavers, E.J., Wang, S., Jaroenchai, N., and Thiem, P.T., 2025, Multi-temporal surface water mapping with high-resolution elevation and image data through weakly supervised deep learning, in Abstracts of the International Cartographic Association, v. 7, no. 10, 275, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-275-2025.","productDescription":"275, 3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179538","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-275-2025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"7","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanislawski, Larry 0000-0002-9437-0576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-0576","contributorId":217849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislawski","given":"Larry","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qin, Rongjun","contributorId":333939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qin","given":"Rongjun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18155,"text":"The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Jung-Kuan 0000-0001-8461-8200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-8200","contributorId":333940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jung-Kuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shavers, Ethan J. 0000-0001-9470-5199 eshavers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-5199","contributorId":206890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shavers","given":"Ethan","email":"eshavers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Shaowen","contributorId":198966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Shaowen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":947791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaroenchai, Nattapon","contributorId":267318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaroenchai","given":"Nattapon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38021,"text":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thiem, Philip T. 0000-0002-3324-2589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-2589","contributorId":287990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiem","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70273160,"text":"70273160 - 2025 - Mitigation of human cognitive bias in volcanic eruption forecasting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-17T15:53:26.995551","indexId":"70273160","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-15T09:51:15","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3841,"text":"Journal of Applied Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitigation of human cognitive bias in volcanic eruption forecasting","docAbstract":"Modern operational eruption forecasting methods rely heavily on human judgment in the face of uncertainty and are thus susceptible to myriad cognitive biases and errors by the scientist-forecasters. Recent developments in the behavioral sciences have elucidated cognitive biases across a wide spectrum of human behaviors and found ways to mitigate them. These insights have led to significant gains in human forecast accuracy across a range of disciplines. However, such gains have yet to widely penetrate volcanic eruption forecasting efforts. In this study, we review recent progress in these fields as relevant to improving current eruption forecasting methods as practiced by volcano observatories worldwide. We group cognitive biases into 1) information and selection biases, 2) group effects and social-emotional biases, and 3) framing and decision biases and highlight the numerous places in which these biases may permeate eruption forecasts. We present a framework for improving group discussion and forecasting processes at volcano observatories, considering recent gains from behavioral sciences along with a mitigation checklist to effectively reduce bias in operational eruption forecasts. Finally, we present an updated forecasting methodology for use in our own group, the US Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, based on previous “multiple datasets” methods, that includes clear and deliberate efforts to minimize cognitive biases and thus improve eruption forecasting accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13617-025-00156-1","usgsCitation":"Wright, H.M., Pesicek, J., and Spiller, S.A., 2025, Mitigation of human cognitive bias in volcanic eruption forecasting: Journal of Applied Volcanology, v. 14, 9, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-025-00156-1.","productDescription":"9, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163451","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-025-00156-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pesicek, J. D. 0000-0001-7964-5845","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-5845","contributorId":72604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pesicek","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiller, Stephen A. 0000-0001-6951-6046","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-6046","contributorId":364333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiller","given":"Stephen","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":86809,"text":"UCLA Anderson School of Management, Los Angeles, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273796,"text":"70273796 - 2025 - An exploration of open-system uranium-series history of marine terrace corals, Perachora Peninsula, Greece and San Nicolas Island, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T16:26:36.532206","indexId":"70273796","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-15T09:19:30","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exploration of open-system uranium-series history of marine terrace corals, Perachora Peninsula, Greece and San Nicolas Island, California, USA","docAbstract":"Emergent marine terraces record past periods of relatively high sea level and are common on uplifting coasts worldwide. Such landforms are extensive around the Gulf of Corinth area of Greece and along the coast of California, USA. In the Gulf of Corinth region, marine terraces record Quaternary uplift due to ongoing basin extension on the northern side of the Africa-Eurasia-Aegean Sea plate boundary. Although dating of terrace fossils has been extensive in the Perachora Peninsula part of this region, some apparent ages are much older (∼190 ka to ∼150 ka) and some are much younger (∼91 ka to ∼69 ka) than expected for a marine terrace that has long been hypothesized to be of last-interglacial (∼120 ka) age. New uranium-series analyses of terrace corals from two previously studied localities are reported here. As with previous work, the new results show that these corals have behaved as open systems, with back-calculated, initial 234U/238U values higher than those found in modern seawater. New and previously published U-series analyses of last-interglacial corals from San Nicolas Island, California (USA) illustrate the possible mechanisms of open-system behavior, which include both “early” alpha-recoil-derived additions of 230Th and 234U, and “continuing” alpha-recoil-derived additions of these nuclides. Many corals from the Perachora Peninsula appear to have experienced the “continuing” alpha-recoil-derived open-system history, which explains the apparent older ages, and permits an interpretation that all analyzed corals likely date to the last interglacial period, ∼120 ka. If the estimated age of ∼120 ka reported here is correct, this age, along with considerations of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modeling of past sea level, indicates that the southern side of the Perachora Peninsula has experienced uplift rates ranging from ∼0.23 m/kyr to ∼0.57 m/kyr, increasing to the southeast, in agreement with previous work. Interpretation of the geomorphology of the northern side of the peninsula has been controversial for more than four decades. The “stepped” topography has been interpreted as either a series of successively higher and older marine terraces, as on the southern side, or a marine terrace of one age that has been displaced by a series of shore-parallel, northward-dipping normal faults. In the second interpretation, topographic steps in the landscape are interpreted to be fault scarps, not ancient sea cliffs. Interpretation of the open-system U-series ages indicates that marine deposits at elevations of ∼22 m and ∼44 m are both likely ∼120 ka, supporting the scenario that steps in the landscape are likely fault scarps, not sea cliffs. Using the new U-series ages of ∼120 ka, along with GIA-modeled paleo-sea level confirms another previous study that uplift rates on the northern side of the peninsula are at least as high as 0.39–0.46 m/kyr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109642","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Vita-Finzi, C., and Schumann, R.R., 2025, An exploration of open-system uranium-series history of marine terrace corals, Perachora Peninsula, Greece and San Nicolas Island, California, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 370, 109642, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109642.","productDescription":"109642, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-182329","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109642","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greece, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Perachora Peninsula, San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 21.159225996245567,\n 38.49912562461387\n ],\n [\n 21.159225996245567,\n 37.88460304736077\n ],\n [\n 23.188451179695505,\n 37.88460304736077\n ],\n [\n 23.188451179695505,\n 38.49912562461387\n ],\n [\n 21.159225996245567,\n 38.49912562461387\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.64713785016966,\n 33.33044615102558\n ],\n [\n -119.64713785016966,\n 33.14356115234611\n ],\n [\n -119.36993070160747,\n 33.14356115234611\n ],\n [\n -119.36993070160747,\n 33.33044615102558\n ],\n [\n -119.64713785016966,\n 33.33044615102558\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vita-Finzi, Claudio 0000-0001-7823-9706","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-9706","contributorId":365814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vita-Finzi","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[{"id":87228,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273120,"text":"70273120 - 2025 - The transition from melt accumulation to eruption initiation recorded by orthopyroxene Fe-Mg diffusion timescales in late Holocene rhyolites, South Sister volcano, Oregon Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-16T16:00:27.482079","indexId":"70273120","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-13T09:55:53","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The transition from melt accumulation to eruption initiation recorded by orthopyroxene Fe-Mg diffusion timescales in late Holocene rhyolites, South Sister volcano, Oregon Cascade Range","docAbstract":"South Sister volcano, Oregon Cascade Range, USA, has repeatedly erupted rhyolite since ca. 40 ka. The youngest such eruptions are the ca. 2 ka Rock Mesa and Devils Chain rhyolites, erupted several hundred years apart from two multi-vent complexes separated by 3–6 km. Fe-Mg interdiffusion models of orthopyroxene rims from both rhyolites produce timescales up to several-thousand years, but dominantly decades-to-centuries. Notably, the timescales of step-normal zoned orthopyroxene rims (i.e., normally zoned with a steep chemical gradient) from the Rock Mesa rhyolite are longer than those of reversely zoned crystals, whereas the Devils Chain produced mostly decadal timescales for both zoning types. Despite the proximity and broadly similar products of these episodes, their respective timescales indicate distinct sequences of events leading up to each eruption. The Rock Mesa timescales record centuries of magma chamber growth followed by decades of predominantly magma rejuvenation, reorganization, and destabilization. In contrast, the Devils Chain episode was preceded by a single episode of coupled rhyolite extraction, rejuvenation, and hybridization. Rare, high-An plagioclase cores and evidence of reheating implicate cryptic emplacement of mafic magma at the base of the rhyolite reservoirs. However, the diffusion timescales do not unequivocally support a single magma recharge event that affected both. Fluid fluxing and the reorganization of melt into buoyant magma chambers likely provided the source of increasing pressurization that initiated each eruption after several decades. Geodetic models of ongoing deformation west of South Sister could consider these processes in addition to magma emplacement.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GC012256","usgsCitation":"Andersen, N.L., Dechert, A.E., Ruth, D.C., Sas, M.(., Chouinard, J., and Dufek, J., 2025, The transition from melt accumulation to eruption initiation recorded by orthopyroxene Fe-Mg diffusion timescales in late Holocene rhyolites, South Sister volcano, Oregon Cascade Range: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 26, no. 12, e2025GC012256, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012256.","productDescription":"e2025GC012256, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176366","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gc012256","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"South Sister Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.82458613728515,\n 44.17505896778371\n ],\n [\n -121.82458613728515,\n 44.0586913131734\n ],\n [\n -121.72010795178801,\n 44.0586913131734\n ],\n [\n -121.72010795178801,\n 44.17505896778371\n ],\n [\n -121.82458613728515,\n 44.17505896778371\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Nathan Lee 0000-0002-4152-4914","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-4914","contributorId":345693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dechert, Annika E.","contributorId":345692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dechert","given":"Annika","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruth, Dawn Catherine Sweeney 0000-0001-9369-9364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-9364","contributorId":334908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"Catherine Sweeney","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sas, May (Mai)","contributorId":364248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sas","given":"May","middleInitial":"(Mai)","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chouinard, Julie","contributorId":364250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chouinard","given":"Julie","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dufek, Josef","contributorId":194001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufek","given":"Josef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274191,"text":"70274191 - 2025 - Post-wildfire sediment fluxes and turbidity plumes in a coastal-draining watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-04T22:30:06.144695","indexId":"70274191","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-12T15:20:01","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-wildfire sediment fluxes and turbidity plumes in a coastal-draining watershed","docAbstract":"Coastal watersheds impacted by wildfires experience higher erosion resulting in increased sediment delivery to the ocean that alters limiting factors (i.e., light) for marine organisms. With increasing wildfire magnitude and severity, it is critical to explore changes in riverine discharges to the ocean to assess cascading hazards associated with wildfires. In situ data, remotely sensed turbidity data, and hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool “SWAT”) simulations have been adapted to capture and investigate fire-related land use change impacts on Malibu Creek, California, USA. Modifying SWAT land cover inputs using burn severity data had minimal impact on simulations, requiring additional parameterization for acceptable model performance. Remotely sensed turbidity, in situ discharge, rating curve sediment loads, and SWAT simulated discharge and sediment loads increased following the Woolsey Fire. When compared to in situ and rating curve data in similar non-fire water years, the 2019 Woolsey Fire water year in situ discharge was 1.8 times higher, SWAT simulated discharges were 1.4–1.7 times higher, and rating curve sediment load was 1.3 times higher. However, the SWAT simulated sediment loads were slightly lower (0.8–0.9 times) than rating curve sediment loads in similar non-fire water years. Mean coastal turbidity increased to 18.2 Formazin Nephelometric Unit (FNU) during the first storm post-fire (mean background value of 4.3 FNU). Synergies between methods demonstrated rapid coastal sediment exports (remote sensing) and ongoing erosion post-fire (SWAT). These data are essential to understanding fire-related marine ecological changes and implementing effective management and conservation initiatives.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024ea003843","usgsCitation":"Lopez, A.M., Meshesha, T.W., Lee, C.M., Mohammed, I.N., Hestir, E.L., Harmon, T.C., and Avouris, D., 2025, Post-wildfire sediment fluxes and turbidity plumes in a coastal-draining watershed: Earth and Space Science, v. 12, no. 12, e2024EA003843, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ea003843.","productDescription":"e2024EA003843, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157846","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ea003843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Malibu","otherGeospatial":"Santa Monica Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.80683049274855,\n 34.13442907849944\n ],\n [\n -118.80683049274855,\n 34.01851549973419\n ],\n [\n -118.63307632018143,\n 34.01851549973419\n ],\n [\n -118.63307632018143,\n 34.13442907849944\n ],\n [\n -118.80683049274855,\n 34.13442907849944\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopez, Amanda M.","contributorId":367167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Amanda","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27923,"text":"NASA JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meshesha, Tesfa W.","contributorId":367168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meshesha","given":"Tesfa","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38695,"text":"University of California Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Christine M.","contributorId":367169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Christine","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27923,"text":"NASA JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mohammed, Ibrahim N.","contributorId":367170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohammed","given":"Ibrahim","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":87588,"text":"Kalifa University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hestir, Erin L.","contributorId":367171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hestir","given":"Erin","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38695,"text":"University of California Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harmon, Thomas C.","contributorId":367172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38695,"text":"University of California Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Avouris, Dulcinea Marie 0000-0001-5797-3960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-3960","contributorId":335170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avouris","given":"Dulcinea Marie","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70273100,"text":"70273100 - 2025 - Using gridded seismicity to forecast the long-term spatial distribution of earthquakes for the 2025 Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands National Seismic Hazard Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-15T15:23:05.234608","indexId":"70273100","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-12T09:17:04","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using gridded seismicity to forecast the long-term spatial distribution of earthquakes for the 2025 Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands National Seismic Hazard Model","docAbstract":"Gridded (or background) seismicity models are a critical component of probabilistic seismic hazard assessments, accounting for off‐fault and smaller‐magnitude earthquakes. They are typically developed by declustering and spatially smoothing an earthquake catalog to estimate a long‐term seismicity rate that can be used to forecast future earthquakes. Here, we present new gridded seismicity models for use in the 2025 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (PRVI). The previous PRVI NSHM was released in 2003, and our new models incorporate updates to both data and methodology. We utilize an updated earthquake catalog based on improved Puerto Rico Seismic Network data with newly characterized completeness epochs. The catalog is divided into crustal, subduction interface, and intraslab seismicity using new methods and Slab2 subduction zone geometries. To forecast the long‐term spatial distribution of earthquakes, we use an updated methodology developed for the 2023 U.S. 50‐state NSHM, considering three declustering methods and two spatial smoothing methods based on 2D Gaussian kernels. To adapt it for the complex seismotectonics of the region, we also adopt probabilistic methods to account for events with unknown depths and uncertainties in tectonic classification, and develop a new method for spatial scaling to counteract the effects of spatial variability in network coverage while maintaining the use of smaller events. Finally, we test the performance of these spatial models in forecasting the location of Mw ≥ 5earthquakes in the region. Our updated methodology improves the representation of epistemic uncertainty relative to the 2003 model, and our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new measures we have introduced to address heterogeneities in network detection and systematically evaluate forecast performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220250043","usgsCitation":"Llenos, A.L., Michael, A.J., Haynie, K.L., Shumway, A., and Herrick, J.A., 2025, Using gridded seismicity to forecast the long-term spatial distribution of earthquakes for the 2025 Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands National Seismic Hazard Model: Seismological Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250043.","ipdsId":"IP-174029","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.19811251504024,\n 19.480091422124346\n ],\n [\n -68.19811251504024,\n 17.03742441198679\n ],\n [\n -63.56212098633483,\n 17.03742441198679\n ],\n [\n -63.56212098633483,\n 19.480091422124346\n ],\n [\n -68.19811251504024,\n 19.480091422124346\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. 0000-0002-4088-6737 allenos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6737","contributorId":4455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haynie, Kirstie Lafon 0000-0001-9930-6736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-6736","contributorId":289894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynie","given":"Kirstie","email":"","middleInitial":"Lafon","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shumway, Allison 0000-0003-1142-7141 ashumway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-7141","contributorId":147862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shumway","given":"Allison","email":"ashumway@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herrick, Julie A. 0000-0003-0682-760X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-760X","contributorId":243649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"Julie","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":952318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274190,"text":"70274190 - 2025 - Advancements in satellite observations of inland and coastal waters: Building towards a global validation network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-04T22:19:21.237913","indexId":"70274190","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-11T15:12:19","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advancements in satellite observations of inland and coastal waters: Building towards a global validation network","docAbstract":"The use of satellite-based remote sensing imagery for water quality monitoring of inland and coastal waters has become widespread over the last few decades, with the expansion of, and investment in, operational Earth-observing missions. Satellite-based sensors are uniquely suited to provide synoptic, system-wide water quality parameter estimates that supplement traditional field-based sampling methods. The remote sensing of water quality parameter estimates is particularly valuable in systems with high temporal and spatial variability, as well as in areas that are difficult to access, or where agencies lack funding for routine monitoring. However, optically complex inland and coastal waters pose additional challenges for developing robust remote sensing retrieval models for optical properties and water quality parameters. One of the biggest challenges is collecting high quality field measurements that are used to calibrate and validate the retrieval algorithms. Here, we present the current status of satellite missions, field methods that include instruments used and commonly measured parameters, and repositories of historical field data that are relevant to inland and coastal water studies. We then present data requirements for model validation and highlight gaps in validation coverage. Finally, we provide suggestions for future field campaigns to improve coordination with remote sensing data collection and to ensure that field data is well suited for use in model or algorithm development.","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","doi":"10.3390/rs17244008","usgsCitation":"Avouris, D., Maciel, F., Sharp, S.L., Craig, S.E., Dekker, A.G., Di Vittorio, C.A., Gardner, J.R., Goldsmith, E.C., Gossn, J.I., Greb, S.R., Grunert, B.K., Gurlin, D., Jampani, M., Khan, R.M., Lowin, B., McKinna, L., Mouw, C.B., Ogashawara, I., Rivero Calle, S., Salls, W.B., Sanchez-Cabeza, J., Schaeffer, B., Seegers, B.N., Silander, J., Smail, E.A., Wang, M., and Werdell, P.J., 2025, Advancements in satellite observations of inland and coastal waters: Building towards a global validation network: Remote Sensing, v. 17, no. 24, 4008, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244008.","productDescription":"4008, 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170154","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Avouris, Dulcinea Marie 0000-0001-5797-3960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-3960","contributorId":335170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avouris","given":"Dulcinea Marie","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maciel, Fernanda 0000-0003-3872-1121","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-1121","contributorId":367146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maciel","given":"Fernanda","affiliations":[{"id":87566,"text":"Instituto de Mecánica de los Fluidos e Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Uruguay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, Samantha L. 0000-0002-9297-2004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-2004","contributorId":367147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Samantha","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":87567,"text":"University of California, Davis, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craig, Susanne E. 0000-0002-8963-0951","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-0951","contributorId":367148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Susanne","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":87568,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/GESTAR II University of Baltimore County, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dekker, Arnold G. 0000-0002-8160-6498","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-6498","contributorId":367149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dekker","given":"Arnold","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":87569,"text":"CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation), Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Di Vittorio, Courtney A. 0000-0001-8623-1982","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-1982","contributorId":367150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Vittorio","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":87570,"text":"Wake Forest University, Engineering Department, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gardner, John R. 0000-0002-1454-5074","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-5074","contributorId":367151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"John","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":87571,"text":"University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology and Environmental Science, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldsmith, Emma C. 0000-0003-0029-0952","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0029-0952","contributorId":367152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Emma","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":87572,"text":"Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, USA \nCreighton University, USA\nBAE Systems Inc. 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Jeremy 0000-0002-3592-0152","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-0152","contributorId":222358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werdell","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeremy","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70273827,"text":"70273827 - 2025 - Streamflow as a stressor: Disentangling hydrology and water quality impacts to characterize flow-ecology relationships for two stream assemblages across two southeastern landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T14:18:06.984716","indexId":"70273827","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-11T10:01:58","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow as a stressor: Disentangling hydrology and water quality impacts to characterize flow-ecology relationships for two stream assemblages across two southeastern landscapes","docAbstract":"Disassociating the independent effects of flow and water quality on the ecology of flowing waters is an overarching goal in water resource science needed to improve the efficacy of watershed management. However, the interrelatedness of these gradients and their subsequent alteration due to land use change has constrained progress made on this front. The objective of this study was to use benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage data to characterize flow-ecology relationships that were unchanged by water quality impacts across two southeastern landscapes in the USA to help detect ecological change driven by flow alteration. General linear latent models were used to identify taxa that were responsive to high or low flow metrics and water quality gradients. Bayesian hierarchical generalized additive models were then developed using these indicator taxa and three biological metrics to identify flow-specific relationships that were unaffected by water quality impacts. Three low flow-specific relationships were identified, illustrating how potential agricultural or urban impacts to hydrology reduced stream biological health. Importantly, flow-ecology relationships developed using indicator taxa in this study effectively captured hydrology-specific impacts while biological metrics typical of state monitoring and assessment programs did not. Therefore, developing flow-specific biological metrics is a critical step when developing management strategies targeting flow alteration. Implementing standardized frameworks such as the one characterized here can limit contradictory findings and improve streamflow enhancement and restoration project efficacy. These low flow-specific relationships will enhance managers' capacity to develop environmental flow standards, monitor their success, and better understand urban and agricultural impacts on stream assemblages.
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\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbell, Joshua Paul 0000-0002-5455-8451","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-8451","contributorId":347668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbell","given":"Joshua Paul","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70272986,"text":"70272986 - 2025 - High frequency and region-scale simulations of large (Mw7+) earthquakes on the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-12T15:48:46.639275","indexId":"70272986","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-11T09:41:09","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"High frequency and region-scale simulations of large (Mw7+) earthquakes on the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington, USA","title":"High frequency and region-scale simulations of large (Mw7+) earthquakes on the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"We simulate ground shaking in western Washington State from hypothetical Mw7.0–7.5 earthquakes on the southern Whidbey Island fault (SWIF). Ground motions are modeled considering kinematic source distributions on a complex fault plane, a 3D seismic velocity model, and region‐specific soil velocity models. We run simulations with varying model resolutions, including regional‐scale simulations with a maximum‐modeled frequency of ∼1 Hz and local‐scale simulations with a maximum‐modeled frequency of ∼2.5 Hz. Additional local‐scale simulations are run considering high‐resolution surface topography. We explore how source parameters (i.e., magnitude, hypocenter location, and dip direction) and 3D velocity structure impact peak shaking intensity and its variability. In particular, we find that earthquakes on the SWIF would likely produce strong shaking throughout the populated Puget Lowland, including in the cities of Everett, Seattle, Bellevue, and Tacoma, Washington. Simulated short‐period (T ≤ 2 s) spectral accelerations are strong throughout the Puget Lowland, and long‐period shaking (T ≥ 5 s) is strong in the deep regional sedimentary basins, especially the Everett and Seattle basins. Source parameters strongly influence intra‐ and interevent variability in response, primarily through changes in source and site geometry, as well as rupture directivity. We also note a potential coupling between rupture directivity and basin effects, wherein directivity pulses are seemingly guided through the region’s deep, interconnected sedimentary basins. Overall, this work highlights the impacts of 3D source, path, and site effects on seismic hazard in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and substantially expands the catalog of simulated ground motions for Puget Sound area crustal faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120250149","usgsCitation":"Stone, I.P., Wirth, E.A., Grant, A.R., and Frankel, A.D., 2025, High frequency and region-scale simulations of large (Mw7+) earthquakes on the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington, USA: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250149.","ipdsId":"IP-178598","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250149","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"south Whidbey Island fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3911893112707,\n 48.27472068018639\n ],\n [\n -122.99866255593334,\n 47.85189851108484\n ],\n [\n -122.15172890362373,\n 47.372708828726616\n ],\n [\n -121.78371606660804,\n 48.067954942351975\n ],\n [\n -122.3911893112707,\n 48.27472068018639\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Ian P. 0000-0003-2622-2691","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-2691","contributorId":293630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirth, Erin A. 0000-0002-8592-4442","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-4442","contributorId":207853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Erin","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Alex R. 0000-0002-5096-4305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-4305","contributorId":219066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Alex","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273097,"text":"70273097 - 2025 - Offsetting the noise: A framework for applying phenological offset corrections in remotely sensed burn severity assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-15T15:28:32.541172","indexId":"70273097","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-11T09:23:58","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Offsetting the noise: A framework for applying phenological offset corrections in remotely sensed burn severity assessments","docAbstract":"Phenological correction of pre- and post-fire imagery is used to improve remotely sensed burn severity evaluations. Unburned offset values standardize greenness between image pairs; however, efficacy across diverse scenarios remains underexplored.
We evaluated the impact of phenological offset correction methods to support analyst decision-making across fire-prone environments.
We generated burn severity spectral index values for a dataset of Composite Burn Index (CBI) field plots across the conterminous US. The effectiveness of offset corrections was tested across image selection techniques, spectral indices, offset generation methods and burn perimeter sources. We assessed the influence of offset corrections on the modeled relationship with CBI, agreement between burn severity thresholds and potential bias.
Applying offset corrections consistently improved the modeled relationship with CBI by addressing extreme outlier severity values. However, automated offset corrections had the potential to introduce bias, systematically lowering severity values and reducing correspondence with observed burn severity categories.
Offset corrections offer benefits but also present trade-offs to accurately representing remotely sensed burn severity.
The utility of offset corrections depends on the environment, methods and scale of analysis. We propose a decision-tree framework for analysts to consider when employing offset corrections given their study scope.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WF25066","usgsCitation":"Menick, C., Vanderhoof, M.K., Picotte, J., Reiner, A.L., and Chastain, R.A., 2025, Offsetting the noise: A framework for applying phenological offset corrections in remotely sensed burn severity assessments: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 34, no. 12, WF25066, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1071/WF25066.","productDescription":"WF25066, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176164","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n 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mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-5533","contributorId":168395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhoof","given":"Melanie","email":"mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":202800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiner, Alicia L.","contributorId":364195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiner","given":"Alicia","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chastain, Robert A.","contributorId":364196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chastain","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273089,"text":"70273089 - 2025 - Similar population dynamics before and after a chytridiomycosis outbreak in a tropical riparian amphibian species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-15T15:09:22.284775","indexId":"70273089","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-11T09:01:28","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Similar population dynamics before and after a chytridiomycosis outbreak in a tropical riparian amphibian species","docAbstract":"Emerging infectious diseases can cause rapid, widespread host mortality, and the lack of demographic data before and after pathogen emergence complicates understanding mechanisms of host persistence. This challenge is further compounded by environmental conditions that influence host behavior, while driving pathogen growth and virulence. These interactions create complex disease outcomes that hinder predictions of when and how hosts endure pathogen outbreaks. Here, we analyzed 10 years of capture-mark-recapture data (2000–2014) spanning wet and dry seasons for male Espadarana prosoblepon in El Copé, Panama, encompassing a period before (2000–2004) and after (2010–2014) a Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) outbreak using Jolly-Seber models. We found that post-Bd male E. prosoblepon population size (range in mean population size among primary periods = 136–225 individuals) was similar to pre-Bd population size (range in mean population size among primary periods = 201–242 individuals). Pre-Bd, average monthly survival probability in the wet season was 0.93 (95% credible interval [CI] = 0.90–0.96). Post-Bd, uninfected individuals had survival probability higher in the wet season (mean = 0.97; [95% CI = 0.95–0.98]) than the dry season (mean = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.84–0.94]), while survival probability for infected individuals decreased as a function of Bd infection intensity. Pre-Bd, mean monthly per-capita entry probability was 0.07 (95% CI = 0.05–0.10), and post-Bd, mean monthly per-capita entry probability was 0.06 (95% CI = 0.00–0.10). Lastly, infection probability during the wet season was lower (mean = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.03–0.05]) than the dry season (mean = 0.10 [95% CI = 0.05–0.15]), and recovery probability during the wet season was lower (mean = 0.19 [95% CI = 0.11–0.28]) than the dry season (mean = 0.54 [95% CI = 0.20–0.88]). Our findings suggest that survival probabilities of uninfected individuals, as well as per-capita entry probabilities, are similar pre- and post-Bd, leading to a stable and similar sized pre-Bd population. These results contribute to understanding disease dynamics and tropical amphibian ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70350","usgsCitation":"DiRenzo, G.V., McCaffery, R.M., Longo, A.V., Zamudio, K.R., and Lips, K.R., 2025, Similar population dynamics before and after a chytridiomycosis outbreak in a tropical riparian amphibian species: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 12, e70350, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70350.","productDescription":"e70350, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163798","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497968,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1A8KDTE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ten years of capture-mark-recapture data for Espadarana prosoblepon in El Copé, Coclé Province, Panama before and after a chytridiomycosis outbreak (2000 – 2014)"},{"id":497718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiRenzo, Graziella Vittoria 0000-0001-5264-4762","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-4762","contributorId":243404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiRenzo","given":"Graziella","email":"","middleInitial":"Vittoria","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffery, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-0396-0387","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-0387","contributorId":211539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Rebecca","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longo, Ana V.","contributorId":364177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longo","given":"Ana","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zamudio, Kelly R.","contributorId":364178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zamudio","given":"Kelly","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36422,"text":"University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lips, Karen R.","contributorId":364179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lips","given":"Karen","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70272736,"text":"ofr20251056 - 2025 - Gas chemistry and isotope data for volcano monitoring at the Lassen Volcanic Center, Lassen Volcanic National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T16:51:29.41871","indexId":"ofr20251056","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-10T13:40:56","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-1056","displayTitle":"Gas Chemistry and Isotope Data for Volcano Monitoring at the Lassen Volcanic Center, Lassen Volcanic National Park","title":"Gas chemistry and isotope data for volcano monitoring at the Lassen Volcanic Center, Lassen Volcanic National Park","docAbstract":"This report presents chemical and isotopic compositions of volcanic gases collected from thermal areas within Lassen Volcanic National Park in northern California from 1974 through 2019. As the southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range and designated a very-high-threat volcano by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Lassen Volcanic Center (LVC) requires consistent monitoring to assess potential volcanic hazards. In 2014, the California Volcano Observatory established a gas geochemical monitoring program at LVC to provide baseline data to evaluate future changes.\nResults demonstrate consistent spatial patterns in bulk gas chemistry that support a two-circulation-cell hydrothermal model previously established for LVC. Gas samples from circulation cell 1 thermal areas have higher helium isotope ratios (6.59–7.50 times the air value) than those from circulation cell 2 (5.86–6.52 times the air value), indicating a stronger magmatic signature. The Sulphur Works and Pilot Pinnacle thermal areas within circulation cell 1 consistently emit gases with the highest magmatic helium contents, suggesting gas at these areas best represents conditions in the underlying volcanic system. A slight decrease in helium isotope values since 1974 may indicate progressive dilution of magmatic helium-3 (3He) by radiogenic helium-4 (4He) in the absence of recent magma intrusion. Carbon isotope compositions of carbon dioxide across all thermal areas are relatively uniform (−9.7–−7.3 per mil), falling within the range observed at other Cascade Range volcanoes. Based on gas geochemical characteristics and site accessibility, the Sulphur Works and Pilot Pinnacle thermal areas represent optimal targets for continued monitoring of the LVC magmatic-hydrothermal system. This study includes the most comprehensive helium isotope dataset collected at LVC currently available and establishes critical baseline data for future volcanic monitoring efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251056","programNote":"Volcano Science Center","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Lewicki, J.L., Peek, S.E., and Hunt, A.G., 2025, Gas chemistry and isotope data for volcano monitoring at the Lassen Volcanic Center, Lassen Volcanic National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1056, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251056.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-177202","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497157,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W29CON","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Chemical and isotopic compositions of gases from volcanic and geothermal areas in California"},{"id":497156,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1056/images"},{"id":497153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1056/ofr20251056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025-1056 PDF"},{"id":497155,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1056/ofr20251056.XML","description":"OFR 2025-1056 XML"},{"id":497152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1056/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":497154,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251056/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2025-1056 HTML"}],"contact":"Director, Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court Bldg. 10
Vancouver, WA 98683
Avian malaria is an existential threat to a majority of native Hawaiian forest birds. Climate change is facilitating the spread of malaria to historically disease-free areas, and despite the risk of native Hawaiian forest bird extinctions from malaria outbreaks, no comprehensive disease management plans exist for forest bird conservation areas. Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai‘i, supports a thriving bird community in a historically disease-free area that is now vulnerable to malaria incursion. Drawing on the expertise of land managers and research scientists, we developed an approach that could be used to proactively address the risk of expanding malaria into the Refuge. The plan lays out a multi-level approach that includes options for monitoring and management actions depending on defined threat levels: Vigilant, High Alert, Disease Outbreak, and Crisis levels. Initial Vigilant and High Alert levels monitor bird populations, climate conditions, and mosquito occurrence for signs of possible disease outbreaks, with higher levels shifting toward more direct management responses. While specific actions will change as new tools become available, the proactive approach can help Refuge managers better respond to changing malaria levels in the future and provide a model for managing disease here in Hawai‘i and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70191","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., Naboa, E., Agorastos, N.R., Ball, D.L., Fortini, L., Cady, T., Camp, R.J., Hart, P.J., Kaye, S., Kendall, S.J., LaPointe, D.A., Lopez, R.D., McClure, K.M., and Navine, A.K., 2025, Getting ahead of the crises: Developing an avian malaria disease management plan for Hawaiian forest birds: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 8, no. 2, e70191, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70191.","productDescription":"e70191, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172770","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5251868534527,\n 19.969114162936464\n ],\n [\n -155.5251868534527,\n 19.704896031886648\n ],\n [\n -155.24457429526814,\n 19.704896031886648\n ],\n [\n -155.24457429526814,\n 19.969114162936464\n ],\n [\n -155.5251868534527,\n 19.969114162936464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research 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