The Rainy-Lake of the Woods Basin covers 70,000 square kilometers in mid-central North America and is contained within the Provinces of Ontario and Manitoba in Canada and the State of Minnesota in the United States. This basin contains natural wilderness areas, national parks, and thousands of lakes that bring outdoor enthusiasts from around the world for hunting, fishing, backpacking, boating, and other forms of recreation. However, trade, commerce, visitors, and wildlife can inadvertently transport hitchhiking exotic invasive species that affect the functioning of natural systems by displacing native organisms, introducing diseases, and modifying predator/prey relations. In cooperation with the International Joint Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the aquatic invasive species that pose a possible threat to North America. The outcome of this project is a set of lists of invasive species that have traits amenable or proximity to the Rainy-Lake of the Woods Basin. These lists can be referenced to further evaluate known and potential nonindigenous invasive species. The lists were derived by evaluating more than 1,500 species from several online sources including Non-Indigenous Aquatic Species, Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System, Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation, and other State, Provincial, and Federal lists in the United States and Canada. The purpose of these lists is to be a coarse filter to determine which species pose the greatest risk to the Rainy-Lake of the Woods Basin. Using this filter, seven categories of risk assessment priorities were developed: Very High-Approaching, Very High-Present, High-Approaching, High-Present, Moderate, Low, and Native. These categories can be used by the International Rainy-Lake of the Woods Multi-Agency Arrangement Aquatic Invasive Species Subcommittee to prioritize which species will be evaluated further focusing on five risk factors: arrival risk, vulnerability assessment, ecological impact, socioeconomic impact, and beneficial impact. Based on proximity, ease of transport or introduction, and known impact to Rainy-Lake of the Woods or other impacted ecosystems, this project identified the following 10 species that could be prioritized first for risk evaluations: Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterflea), Faxonius rusticus (rusty crayfish), Neogobius melanostomus (round goby), Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel), Bithynia tentaculata (mud Bithynia or faucet snail), Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snail), Butomus umbellatus (flowering rush), Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort), Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil), and Phragmites australis australis (common reed).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission","usgsCitation":"Bell, A.H., Katona, L.R., and Vellequette, N.M., 2023, Development and application of a risk assessment tool for aquatic invasive species in the international Rainy-Lake of the Woods Basin, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1070, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221070.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 26 p.; 3 Datasets","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-127028","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499719,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115587.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":422425,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221070/full"},{"id":422424,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://bison.usgs.gov/","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"—Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON)"},{"id":422421,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1070/images/"},{"id":422418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1070/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":422420,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1070/ofr20221070.XML"},{"id":422419,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1070/ofr20221070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022–1070"},{"id":422422,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/glansis/riskAssessment.html","text":"NOAA database","linkHelpText":"—Great Lake Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System (GLANSIS) Risk Assessment Clearinghouse"},{"id":422423,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://nas.er.usgs.gov/","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"—NAS—Nonindigenous Aquatic Species"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.7568318410593,\n 50.39164460188181\n ],\n [\n -95.7568318410593,\n 47.02962883799128\n ],\n [\n -90.08788652855912,\n 47.02962883799128\n ],\n [\n -90.08788652855912,\n 50.39164460188181\n ],\n [\n -95.7568318410593,\n 50.39164460188181\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Risk Research and Applications Community of Practice (Risk CoP) is a bureau-wide forum to share resources and discuss issues relevant to “conducting and applying scientific research in hazards—the dangerous processes or phenomena that may cause damage—to enhance the reduction of risk—the potential for societally relevant losses caused by hazards” (Ludwig and others, 2018). In 2021, this group held a workshop entitled “Considering Equitable Engagement in Research Design” as a part of its annual meeting. This report is a result of the workshop findings and includes additional input from the Risk CoP, other communities of practice, and subject matter experts across the USGS. The resources described in this report are intended to help guide USGS scientists aiming to include equity into their risk research but can apply to all USGS scientists, regardless of their research focus. This report shares key considerations for equitable engagement as identified by workshop participants, a discussion of the spectrum of engagement in equity-related research, and a toolkit that can help USGS scientists consider how to integrate equity into their work. Although this report is not comprehensive, it does seek to fill a gap that exists at the USGS; at the time of writing, there is no guidance on how to integrate equity into research design. The authors of this report believe that this document can serve as a foundation for future equity-related work at the USGS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231072","usgsCitation":"Brooks, E., Pennaz, A., and Jurjonas, M., 2023, U.S. Geological Survey risk research community of practice 2021 workshop report—Workshop on considering equitable engagement in research design: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1072, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231072.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-145163","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422253,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1072/ofr20231072.XML"},{"id":422252,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1072/images/"},{"id":422251,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231072/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1072 HTML"},{"id":422250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1072/ofr20231072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1072 PDF"},{"id":422249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1072/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Natural Hazards Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Reston, VA 20192
Integrating recent scientific knowledge into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing scientific knowledge can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for western lands. Previously published reports introduced a methodology for preparing annotated bibliographies to facilitate integration of recent, peer-reviewed science into resource management decisions. Therefore, relevant text from those efforts is reproduced here and built on to incorporate new information. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter “GRSG”) has been a focus of scientific investigation and management action for the past two decades. The 2015 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listing determination of “not warranted” under the Endangered Species Act was in part a result of a large-scale collaborative effort to develop strategies to conserve GRSG populations and their habitat and to reduce threats to both. New scientific information augments existing knowledge and can help inform updates or modifications to existing plans for managing GRSG and sagebrush ecosystems. However, the sheer number of scientific publications can be a challenge for managers tasked with evaluating and determining the need for potential updates to existing planning documents. To assist in this process, the USGS has reviewed and summarized the scientific literature published since January 1, 2015. Our most recent GRSG literature summary was published in 2020 (Carter and others, 2020) and included products published through October 2, 2019. Here, we consider products published between October 2, 2019, and July 21, 2022. We compiled and summarized peer-reviewed journal articles, data products, and formal technical reports (such as U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Reports and USGS Open-File Reports) on greater sage-grouse. We first systematically searched three reference databases and three government databases using the search phrase “greater sage-grouse.” We refined the initial list of products by removing (1) duplicates, (2) publications not published as research, data products, or scientific review articles in peer-reviewed journals or as formal technical reports, and (3) products for which greater sage-grouse was not a research focus or the study did not present new data or findings about greater sage-grouse. We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and identified management topics addressed by each product; for example, species and population characteristics. We also identified projects that provided new geospatial data. The review process for this annotated bibliography included two initial internal colleague reviews of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original publication, and formal peer review. Our initial searches resulted in 221 total products, of which 147 met our criteria for inclusion. Across products summarized in the annotated bibliography, broad-scale habitat characteristics, behavior or demographics, site-scale habitat characteristics, habitat selection, and population estimates or targets were the most commonly addressed management topics. The online version of this bibliography, which will be available on the Science for Resource Managers tool (https://apps.usgs.gov/science-for-resource-managers), will be searchable by topic, location, and year, and will include links to each original publication. The studies compiled and summarized here may inform planning and management actions that seek to maintain and restore sagebrush landscapes and GRSG populations across the GRSG range.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231082","usgsCitation":"Teige, E.C., Maxwell, L.M., Jordan, S.E., Rutherford, T.K., Dietrich, E.I., Samuel, E.M., Stoneburner, A.L., Kleist, N.J., Meineke, J.K., Selby, L.B., Foster, A.C., and Carter, S.K., 2023, Annotated bibliography of scientific research on greater sage-grouse published from October 2019 to July 2022 (ver. 1.1, November 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1082, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231082.","productDescription":"ix, 122 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-152382","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1082/versionHist.txt","size":"12.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2023-1082 version history"},{"id":422190,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1082/ofr20231082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1082"},{"id":422189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1082/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":422620,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231082/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1082"},{"id":422537,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1082/images"},{"id":422538,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1082/ofr20231082.xml"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: October 27, 2023; Version 1.1: November 13, 2023","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
The Elk Hills Oil Field is one of the many fields selected for regional groundwater mapping and monitoring by the California State Water Resources Control Board as part of the Oil and Gas Regional Monitoring Program (California State Water Resources Control Board, 2015, 2022b; U.S. Geological Survey, 2022a). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board, is evaluating groundwater resources near areas of oil and gas development in California, including (1) the location of groundwater resources near oil fields; (2) the proximity of oil and gas operations to groundwater, and the geologic materials between them; (3) evidence (or lack of evidence) of fluids from oil and gas sources in groundwater; and (4) the pathways or processes responsible when fluids from oil and gas sources are present in groundwater (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022a). As part of this evaluation, the USGS installed a multiple-well monitoring site near the administrative boundary of the Elk Hills Oil Field in the southern San Joaquin Valley about 6 miles northeast of Taft, California (California Department of Water Resources, 2020; fig. 1). Data collected at the Elk Hills multiple-well monitoring site (ELKH) provide information about the geology, hydrology, geophysical properties, and water quality of the aquifer system, thus enhancing the understanding of relations between adjacent groundwater and the Elk Hills Oil Field in an area where groundwater data are limited, particularly at different depths in the aquifer. This report presents construction information for the ELKH and initial geohydrologic data collected from the site. Similar sites installed on the east side of the Lost Hills Oil Field, on the east side of the North and South Belridge Oil Fields, and within the Poso Creek Oil Field were described by Everett and others (2020a, b, 2023).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Everett, R.R., Gillespie J.M., Shepherd, M.M., Morita, A.Y., Bobbitt, M., Kohel, C.A., and Warden, J.G., 2023, Multiple-well monitoring site adjacent to the Elk Hills Oil Field, Kern County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1073, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231073.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-148290","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499485,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115583.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":422144,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231073/full"},{"id":422143,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1073/images"},{"id":422141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1073/ofr20231073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1073/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":422142,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1073/ofr20231073.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.35,\n 35.2\n ],\n [\n -119.35,\n 35.1\n ],\n [\n -119.1,\n 35.1\n ],\n [\n -119.1,\n 35.2\n ],\n [\n -119.35,\n 35.2\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
This publication is a preliminary map and geodatabase of the coseismic surface rupture and other coseismic features generated from the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina. Geologic mapping facilitated by analysis of post-earthquake quality level 0 to 1 lidar, document the coseismic surface rupture, named the Little River fault, and other coseismic features. The Little River fault is traced for approximately 4 kilometers and cuts the regional Paleozoic fabric (mean foliation, 063°/57°), and the dominant strike of joint sets are 0°–10°, 130°–150°, and 320°–340°. Individual fault strands occur in an en echelon pattern within an approximately 10-meter-wide zone. Trenches across the Little River fault document a thrust fault oriented 110°/45° with at least 10 centimeters (cm) of displacement. The Little River fault is marked by a flexure or scarp with a height of 5–30 cm and a local maximum height of 50 cm. Southwest-side-up displacement is consistent along the fault and indicates thrust kinematics. The strike of the Little River fault changes from 110° to 130° near Duncan Farm where it crosses Chestnut Grove Church Road (NC Rt. 1426). Although the surface expression of the fault terminates and (or) is imperceptible at both ends, deformation is still clear in residual surface maps showing the change between pre- and post-earthquake lidar elevations. Other coseismic features documented are rockfalls, ground cracks, fissures, lateral spreading on a sandbar, and mass-wasting scarps; several possible faults that were identified from lidar analyses strike E-W and oblique to the Little River fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231074","usgsCitation":"Merschat, A.J., and Carter, M.W., 2023, Preliminary map of the surface rupture from the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina—The Little River fault and other possible coseismic features: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1074, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231074.","productDescription":"Sheet: 47.89 x 19.47 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144102","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9S5PGIH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database for the preliminary map of the surface rupture from the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina—The Little River fault and other possible coseismic features"},{"id":421652,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1074/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421653,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1074/ofr20231074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"106 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1074"},{"id":499788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115507.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Sparta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.18690346012897,\n 36.54364449287644\n ],\n [\n -81.18690346012897,\n 36.472458202284926\n ],\n [\n -81.09177792830289,\n 36.472458202284926\n ],\n [\n -81.09177792830289,\n 36.54364449287644\n ],\n [\n -81.18690346012897,\n 36.54364449287644\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Rattlesnake Knoll is a small, 30-meter-high mound of igneous breccia in the center of Spring Valley, east-central Nevada. In the past, researchers have disagreed as to whether the unusual-looking outcrop is intrusive or volcanic. The breccia possesses a normal magnetic polarity, but this is not apparent in aeromagnetic survey data. These data instead show that the knoll lies within a small aeromagnetic low that partially overlaps the extent of a small gravity high. The small gravity anomaly associated with the knoll, combined with an initial, limited ground magnetic survey taken at the knoll, indicates that the knoll rocks extend northward in the subsurface. A second, more extensive ground magnetic traverse was also done north of the knoll. Taking into consideration these new survey data and preexisting data, a two and one-half dimensional modeling program based on Webring (1985) was used to produce a geophysical model that accounts for gravity and magnetic properties, satisfies available geologic information, and conforms to current estimates of basin thickness. This model and the field observations support the interpretation that the knoll consists of gently west-dipping beds of Tertiary volcanic flow breccia, mudflow breccia, and conglomerate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231002","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Rowley, P.D., and McKee, E.H., 2023, The enigmatic Rattlesnake Knoll, Spring Valley, east-central Nevada—A geophysical perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1002, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231002.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133281","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435149,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WL97XY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ground magnetic data, Spring Valley, White Pine County, Nevada"},{"id":421859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1002/covrthb_.jpg"},{"id":421860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1002/ofr20231002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":499729,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115506.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Spring Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.36,\n 39.06\n ],\n [\n -114.36,\n 39.00\n ],\n [\n -114.24,\n 39.00\n ],\n [\n -114.24,\n 39.06\n ],\n [\n -114.36,\n 39.06\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Anadromous fish returning to the lower American River are restricted to 36 kilometers of free-flowing river between Nimbus Dam and American River’s confluence with the Sacramento River, California. Salmon in the American River provide an important freshwater recreational fishery. However, annual salmon production in the American River in recent years has been low relative to the mid-1990s (Surface Water Resources, Inc., 2001). To investigate the low production of fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), the Bureau of Reclamation requested that the U.S. Geological Survey apply the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) model to the population of fall-run Chinook salmon on the American River.
The American River was chosen among seven candidate Sacramento Basin rivers for S3 application. The American River was selected because of its management and public interest, recently low anadromous fish production, and rich time series of key demographic data needed for S3 application. Data that were not available, however, were empirical estimates on juvenile salmon habitat suitability in the American River. Therefore, a large component of applying S3 to the American River was devoted to the estimation of juvenile salmon habitat suitability and capacity. This entailed snorkeling the lower American River for 3 weeks in March 2021 during the early out-migration period for juvenile Chinook salmon. These efforts were fruitful and showed that the typically small fish (<55 millimeters) in the American River preferred much shallower depths than predicted by habitat suitability criteria derived from the literature for this population. Having empirical estimates on juvenile salmon in the American River provided a solid foundation from which to simulate the population using the S3 model.
The S3 model is a spatially explicit population model that runs on a daily time step to simulate redd superimposition, egg maturation, fry emergence and the subsequent growth, survival, and emigration of juvenile Chinook salmon from the river. The key features of this model relevant to this report include (1) a temperature-dependent bioenergetics model driving daily growth rates; (2) density-dependent dynamics that are influenced by the effect of flow on suitable habitat area; and (3) within-year habitat, river flow, and water temperature effects specific to spawning, egg incubation, and fry, parr, and smolt life stages. We used estimates of spawning escapement and geo-referenced redd locations to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of female spawners for brood years 2014–19. These estimates of female spawners initiate the simulation of each year’s juvenile salmon emergence and emigration over a spatial domain extending from Nimbus Dam to the river’s confluence with the Sacramento River.
Using weekly estimates of juvenile salmon abundance and size (fork length) that passed the Watt Avenue fish trap (river kilometer 14.7), we calibrated the S3 model by estimating three key demographic parameters for each year, y: (1) Sy, the average daily survival probability, (2) M0y, the intercept for density-dependence in movement, representing the average daily probability of remaining in a habitat at zero abundance, and (3) Cy, the average daily proportion of maximum consumption. These parameters were obtained by minimizing the Mallow’s distance (Lupu and others, 2017) between distributions of weekly abundances and sizes of fish at the traps and weekly simulated abundances and sizes (by S3). Investigation of model fit showed excellent agreement between simulated annual abundances and the abundance of fish passing the fish trap. However, when we compared weekly abundances at the fish trap, S3 under-predicted peaks and over-predicted troughs in the time series of weekly abundances at the fish trap. Thus, some unknown within-year effects have yet to be identified and incorporated in the S3 model. Identifying these important effects and incorporating them in the S3 model would help explain the lack of fit between estimated and simulated weekly abundances.
We estimated parameters for 6 years that included a wide range of female spawner abundances (3,057–10,753) and water year types (Critical–Wet). We contrast our estimated parameters to the corresponding number of female spawners and the water year type for the Sacramento Valley. By happenstance, years having higher annual spawner abundances concurred with Critical to Dry water year types. Estimates of survival trended lower with higher spawner abundances and Critical to Dry conditions. In contrast, the extremely wet water year of 2017 had the lowest M0y, suggesting less density-dependence in fish movement, and the lowest Cy, suggesting lower average consumption in this year. When this high-flow year was excluded, a trend towards higher probabilities of fish remaining in a habitat at low abundance and lower proportions of maximum consumption was apparent from Critical to Wet conditions, but only 5 years of data were included. Except for 2017, daily proportions of maximum consumption were relatively high (Cy > 0.83), suggesting that fish were feeding at reasonably high proportions relative to the expected maximum consumption as defined by the “Wisconsin” bioenergetics model (Stewart and Ibarra, 1991).
Survival estimates from fry emergence to outmigration at the Sacramento River confluence were generally low when integrated over time. The highest daily survival probability was Sy = 0.93 in 2019, or 50 percent total mortality after 10 days. In contrast, our lowest daily survival probability was Sy = 0.74 in 2015, or 95 percent total mortality after 10 days. Consequently, even our highest estimated daily survival probability might be considered low. This is especially true given that Sy was estimated over a relatively short distance (<14.7 kilometers) from emergence to the Watt Avenue fish trap. Several factors, including our assumed and relatively high daily egg survival rate of 0.9975, could influence juvenile survival estimates. For example, an egg survival rate of 0.9975 results in 3-percent total mortality after 10 days. Egg mortality estimates used in S3 calibration were approximated from egg survivorship studies in the Yakima River, Washington (Johnson and others, 2012), and remains one of the greater uncertainties in S3 when estimating survival across life stages. By including bona fide estimates of egg survival in S3 simulations, the validity of the S3’s current daily egg survival rate could be assessed specifically for the American River. Tagging studies also could provide S3 with direct estimates of juvenile survival and movement; survival during egg incubation then could be estimated indirectly via model fitting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., Perry, R.W., Hatton, T.W., Smith, C.D., and Hannon, J.M., 2023, Application of the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) model to assess fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production in the American River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1060, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231060.","productDescription":"ix, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-141661","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421858,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/ofr20231060.XML"},{"id":421857,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/images"},{"id":421856,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231060/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1060"},{"id":421855,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/ofr20231060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1060"},{"id":421854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"American River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5064051133351,\n 38.727216763718815\n ],\n [\n -121.5064051133351,\n 38.523370433079805\n ],\n [\n -121.11639046489739,\n 38.523370433079805\n ],\n [\n -121.11639046489739,\n 38.727216763718815\n ],\n [\n -121.5064051133351,\n 38.727216763718815\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Director, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
MS 926A
Reston, VA 20192
The San Francisco Bay supports thousands of breeding waterbirds annually and hosts large populations of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster’s terns (Sterna forsteri). These three species have relied largely on former commercial salt ponds in South San Francisco Bay, which provide wetland foraging habitat and island nesting habitat. The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is in the process of restoring 50–90 percent of 15,100 acres of these former salt ponds to tidal marsh and tidal mudflats. Although this restoration is expected to have numerous benefits, including providing habitat for tidal wetland-dependent species, improving water quality, buffering against storm surge, and protecting inland areas from sea level rise, the reduction in former salt pond habitat and nesting islands may negatively affect breeding waterbirds. To address the reduction in former salt pond habitat available to waterbirds, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project also includes enhancements to remaining pond habitat, such as the construction of new islands for nesting. Moreover, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project follows an adaptive management plan in which waterbird response to the changing landscape is monitored over time to ensure that existing breeding waterbird populations are maintained. In this report, we provide results of waterbird nest monitoring in South San Francisco Bay during the 2022 breeding season and present these results in the context of annual nest monitoring in South San Francisco Bay since 2005. Overall, nest abundance in 2022 remained at or near 18-year lows for American avocets (176 nests) and black-necked stilts (97 nests), but Forster’s tern nest abundance (1,727 nests) was at an 18-year high, reversing historically low abundance observed during 2015–2017. In 2022, there were only 6 American avocet, 4 black-necked stilt, and 4 Forster’s tern major colony nesting sites, which is down from annual averages of 12.4, 6.6, and 6.6 observed during 2005–2009. Nest success (30 percent for American avocets, 29 percent for black-necked stilt, and 53 percent for Forster’s terns) was below the 2005–2007 baseline values established for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Average egg-hatching success (98 percent, 100 percent, and 90 percent), and clutch sizes (3.68, 3.70, and 2.63 eggs) of American avocets, black-necked stilts, and Forster’s terns, respectively, were similar to values observed during 2005–2010. All three species displayed notable shifts in nest initiation dates in 2022, with American avocets and Forster’s terns nesting 10–11 days earlier and black-necked stilts nesting 10 days later than during 2005–2010. Finally, the enhanced, managed ponds with newly constructed islands (Ponds A16 and SF2) supported 86 percent of all the Forster’s tern nests recorded in South San Francisco Bay in 2022, which is the first time these managed ponds have hosted such a substantial number of tern nests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Center","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California State Coastal Conservancy, California Wildlife Foundation, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J.T., Hartman, C.A., and Herzog, M., 2023, Monitoring nesting waterbirds for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project—2022 breeding season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1067, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231067.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151077","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421402,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231067/full"},{"id":421401,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1067/images"},{"id":421400,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1067/ofr20231067.xml"},{"id":421398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1067/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":421399,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1067/ofr20231067.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Bay Salt Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11258522212694,\n 37.585319000832044\n ],\n [\n -122.11258522212694,\n 37.361346093418206\n ],\n [\n -121.87569252193163,\n 37.361346093418206\n ],\n [\n -121.87569252193163,\n 37.585319000832044\n ],\n [\n -122.11258522212694,\n 37.585319000832044\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Integrating recent scientific knowledge into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing scientific knowledge can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey is creating a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for western lands. Previously published reports introduced a methodology for preparing annotated bibliographies to facilitate the integration of recent, peer-reviewed science into resource management decisions. Therefore, relevant text from those efforts is reproduced here to frame the presentation. Centrocercus minimus (Gunnison sage-grouse; hereafter GUSG) has been a focus of scientific investigation since the early 2000s. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed GUSG as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2014 because of declining populations and increasing habitat loss. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Colorado Parks and Wildlife have sought to increase the conservation of this species by adapting management and recovery plans to reduce threats and increase population resiliency. GUSG are studied less than the closely related Centrocercus urophasianus (greater sage-grouse); however, research efforts have recently increased to understand the life history, genetics, and habitat suitability of this sagebrush-obligate species. We compiled and summarized peer-reviewed journal articles, data products, and formal technical reports (such as U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Reports and U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports) on GUSG, published between January 2005 and September 2022. We first systematically searched three reference databases and three government databases using the following search phrases: “Gunnison sage-grouse” or “lesser sage-grouse” or “Gunnison grouse” or “Gunnison sage grouse” or “lesser sage grouse” or “Centrocercus minimus.” We refined the initial list of products by removing (1) duplicates, (2) publications that were not published as research, data products, or scientific review articles in peer-reviewed journals or as formal technical reports, and (3) products that did not have GUSG as a research focus or products that did not present new data or findings about GUSG. We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and identified the management topics (for example, population estimates or targets, habitat, and management efforts) addressed by each product. We also noted which publications included new geospatial data. The review process for this annotated bibliography included two initial internal colleague reviews of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original publication, and a formal peer review. Our initial searches resulted in 80 total products, of which 63 met our criteria for inclusion of which 53 were products that had not been summarized before. Across products summarized in the annotated bibliography, broad-scale habitat characteristics; population estimates or targets; behavior or demographics; and genetics were the most commonly addressed management topics. The bibliographies are available on the Science for Resource Managers tool (https://apps.usgs.gov/science-for-resource-managers) and are searchable by topic, location, and year, and the search tool includes links to each original publication. The studies compiled and summarized in this annotated bibliography may inform planning and management actions that seek to maintain and restore sagebrush landscapes and GUSG populations across the GUSG range.
","publisher":"U S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231079","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, L.M., Teige, E.C., Jordan, S.E., Rutherford, T.K., Samuel, E.M., Selby, L.B., Foster, A.C., Kleist, N.J., and Carter, S.K., 2023, Annotated bibliography of scientific research on Gunnison sage-grouse published from January 2005 to September 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1079, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231079.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421428,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231079/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1079"},{"id":421397,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1079/ofr20231079.xml"},{"id":421355,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1079/ofr20231079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1079"},{"id":421396,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1079/images"},{"id":421354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1079/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.12083328575649,\n 39.47396881795231\n ],\n [\n -109.12083328575649,\n 36.98898041947241\n ],\n [\n -104.41868484825648,\n 36.98898041947241\n ],\n [\n -104.41868484825648,\n 39.47396881795231\n ],\n [\n -109.12083328575649,\n 39.47396881795231\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
As of 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fundamental Science Practices require data management plans (DMPs) for all USGS and USGS-funded research. The USGS Science Data Management Branch of the Science Analytics and Synthesis Program has been working to help the USGS (Bureau) meet this requirement. However, USGS researchers still encounter common data management-related challenges that may be reduced or eliminated by better planning. In 2021, USGS staff were given a series of surveys aimed to better understand current data management planning practices, perceptions, and needs. The survey results indicated that adoption and integration of data management planning and DMPs into USGS research project workflows are broad, if inconsistent, across USGS Science Centers and programs. The USGS Science Data Management Branch can help improve clarity and guidance on the purpose, intended audience, content, workflows, and evaluation processes for DMPs. It would also be beneficial to provide additional supporting cyberinfrastructure to support DMP activities. Survey responses indicated it would be beneficial for the Science Data Management Branch to develop a strategy, other than through DMPs, for teaching and encouraging good data management practices. Although these surveys were an opportunity for USGS staff to provide feedback on their experiences, the surveys may also have revealed the desire for more frequent evaluations, cross-disciplinary communication, and training on research data management and DMP development and integration, in the context of USGS policy, Fundamental Science Practices requirements, and overall Bureau expectations. Data management-related roles such as data manager or steward, information technologist, and repository manager may need to be formally recognized as skilled professional career positions within the Bureau. At a minimum, the best practice for USGS would be to create and maintain DMPs as living documents, integrated with existing systems that are broadly accessible to all stakeholders, and include quantitatively measurable benefits tied directly to a clearly defined purpose.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231069","programNote":"Science Synthesis, Analysis, and Research Program","usgsCitation":"Langseth, M.L., Sellers, E.A., Donovan, G.C., and Liford, A.N., 2023, Assessing the value and usage of data management planning and data management plans within the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1069, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231069.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; 6 Appendixes; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139788","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421261,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91WKCA3","text":"USGS data release","description":"Data release associated with OFR 2023-1069","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey 2021 Data Management Planning Survey Results and Analyses"},{"id":422160,"rank":12,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231069/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1069"},{"id":421342,"rank":11,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069.xml"},{"id":421254,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"180 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2023-1069 Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"- Data Management Planning Questionnaire for Center Directors"},{"id":421255,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"168kB","description":"OFR 2023-1069 Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"- Data Management Planning Questionnaire for Program Coordinators and Bureau Approving Officials Appendix"},{"id":421257,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069_appendix6.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","size":"88 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1069 Appendix 6","linkHelpText":"- Interview Questions for Data Managers"},{"id":421219,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"184 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1069 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"- Data Management Planning Questionnaire for Researchers"},{"id":421253,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"184 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1069 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"- Data Management Planning Questionnaire for Data Managers and Information Technologists"},{"id":421341,"rank":10,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/images"},{"id":421256,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069_appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"108 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1069 Appendix 5","linkHelpText":"- Interview Questions for Researchers"},{"id":421217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421218,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1069/ofr20231069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1069"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis Program
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 7–8 for quarter 2 (April–June) of 2023. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
One specific activity that the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team closely monitored was a Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) Scene Select Mechanism (SSM) excursion anomaly. On April 21, 2023, a TIRS SSM excursion error flag was indicated in telemetry during a calibration activity when the SSM encoder was powered on and the mirror was between the nadir position and the deep space position. An initial recovery plan indicated the SSM was moving erratically, so the instrument was put into a safe state for additional troubleshooting. A second recovery plan was developed and successfully executed on April 23, 2023. Additional information about the Landsat 8 TIRS SSM excursion anomaly is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-8-level-1-product-processing-resumes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231075","usgsCitation":"Haque, M.O., Rengarajan, R., Lubke, M., Hasan, M.N., Shrestha, A., Tuli, F.T.Z., Shaw, J.L., Denevan, A., Franks, S., Ruslander, K., Micijevic, E., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Thome, K., Kaita, E., Barsi, J., Levy, R., Miller, J., and Ding, L., 2023, ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 2, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1075, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231075.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 39 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-154779","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421208,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"—EarthExplorer"},{"id":421207,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1075/images/"},{"id":421206,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1075/ofr20231075.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":421209,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231075/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":421204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1075/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1075/ofr20231075.pdf","text":"Report","size":"126 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1075"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
As part of a joint Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) and United States Geological Survey project, we analyzed P-wave receiver functions from seismic stations covering most of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to map the thickness of the crust across the Arabia Plate. We present an update of crustal thickness estimates and fill in gaps for the western Arabian Shield and the rifted margin at the Red Sea (the coastal plain), as well as the eastern Arabian Platform. We applied a conventional H-k stacking algorithm and included careful attention to stacking weights, two forms of sedimentary corrections for stations located on the Arabian Platform, and additional processing for noisy stations. We obtained useful results at 154 stations from 898 teleseismic events over a 2-year period from 1995–1997 (for non-SGS stations) and a 6-year period from 2008–2014 (for SGS stations). Average crustal thickness (that is, depth to the Mohorovičić discontinuity [Moho] below the surface) beneath the Red Sea coastal plain (the rift margin) is 29 kilometers (km), beneath the volcanic fields (known in Arabic as harra [plural] or harrat [singular]) is 35 km, beneath the Arabian Shield (excluding harrats) is 37 km, and beneath the Arabian Platform is 38 km. Crustal thinning appears not to extend east of the rift escarpment, suggesting uniform extension that is no broader at depth than at the surface. In contrast to some previous interpretations that the Arabian Platform crust is thicker than that of the Arabian Shield, we find no statistically significant difference between their whole crustal thicknesses. However, the average sub-sedimentary crustal thickness (that is, the crystalline crust) for stations on the Arabian Platform is 34 km, 3 km thinner than the crust of the Arabian Shield. Individual station P-wave (pressure) velocity and S-wave (shear) velocity ratios (VP/VS) are highly variable for the Arabia Plate, ranging from 1.60 to 1.97 and averaging 1.75, with a standard deviation of 0.07. There are no statistically significant differences between VP/VS ratios of the different geologic regions of Saudi Arabia. Similar VP/ VS ratios, coupled with similar crustal thicknesses for harrats and the Arabian Shield, indicate that Cenozoic magmatism has contributed negligibly to crustal growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231042","usgsCitation":"Blanchette, A.R., Klemperer, S.L., and Mooney, W.D., 2023, Crustal thickness and the VP/VS ratio within the Arabia Plate from P-wave receiver functions at 154 broadband seismic stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1042, 325 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231042.","productDescription":"xi, 325 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-136065","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421030,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1042/ofr20231042.pdf","text":"Report","size":"84.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1042"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[42.77933,16.34789],[42.64957,16.77464],[42.34799,17.07581],[42.27089,17.47472],[41.75438,17.83305],[41.22139,18.6716],[40.93934,19.48649],[40.24765,20.17463],[39.80168,20.33886],[39.1394,21.2919],[39.0237,21.98688],[39.06633,22.57966],[38.49277,23.68845],[38.02386,24.07869],[37.48363,24.28549],[37.15482,24.85848],[37.20949,25.08454],[36.93163,25.60296],[36.6396,25.82623],[36.24914,26.57014],[35.64018,27.37652],[35.13019,28.06335],[34.63234,28.05855],[34.78778,28.60743],[34.83222,28.95748],[34.95604,29.35655],[36.06894,29.19749],[36.50121,29.50525],[36.74053,29.86528],[37.50358,30.00378],[37.66812,30.33867],[37.99885,30.5085],[37.00217,31.50841],[39.00489,32.01022],[39.19547,32.16101],[40.39999,31.88999],[41.88998,31.19001],[44.7095,29.17889],[46.56871,29.09903],[47.45982,29.00252],[47.70885,28.52606],[48.41609,28.552],[48.80759,27.68963],[49.29955,27.46122],[49.47091,27.11],[50.15242,26.68966],[50.21294,26.27703],[50.1133,25.94397],[50.23986,25.60805],[50.52739,25.32781],[50.66056,24.9999],[50.81011,24.75474],[51.11242,24.55633],[51.38961,24.62739],[51.57952,24.2455],[51.61771,24.01422],[52.00073,23.00115],[55.0068,22.49695],[55.20834,22.70833],[55.66666,22],[54.99998,19.99999],[52.00001,19],[49.11667,18.61667],[48.18334,18.16667],[47.46669,17.11668],[47,16.95],[46.74999,17.28334],[46.36666,17.23332],[45.4,17.33334],[45.21665,17.43333],[44.06261,17.41036],[43.79152,17.31998],[43.38079,17.57999],[43.1158,17.08844],[43.21838,16.66689],[42.77933,16.34789]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Saudi Arabia\"}}]}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Rd.
Moffett Field, CA 94035
The U.S. Geological Survey and collaborators from EcoAnalysts, Inc., completed field and laboratory studies during 2016–19 to evaluate the toxicity of metals to freshwater mussels in streams draining the Tri-State Mining District. This project consisted of (1) sampling and analysis of metals in water and sediment, (2) surveys of mussel assemblages at sites with suitable mussel habitat, (3) toxicity tests with juvenile mussels exposed to zinc or to a mixture of metals (zinc, lead, and cadmium) in water, and (4) toxicity tests to evaluate the contributions of metals in sediment and metals in overlying water to toxic effects on mussels. Field sampling at sites in the Spring River and Neosho River and their tributaries demonstrated wide ranges of metal contamination in water and sediment. Zinc was the predominant toxic metal in water, and concentrations of lead and cadmium were much lower. Mussel areal density and species richness were greater at reference sites with low sediment metal concentrations (for example, zinc, 29–141 micrograms per gram) than at test sites that had higher concentrations of sediment zinc (416–3,420 micrograms per gram) as a result of effects of upstream mining activity. Juvenile mussels were highly sensitive to zinc in water in 12-week toxicity tests compared to previous water-only tests, and adding low levels of waterborne lead and cadmium typical of their occurrence in Tri-State Mining District streams produced greater toxicity. Thresholds for mussel toxicity were at or less than waterborne metal concentrations detected in Tri-State Mining District streams, and sites with waterborne metal concentrations exceeding thresholds had decreased mussel density and decreased mussel species richness. The 12-week toxicity tests with juvenile mussels in Tri-State Mining District sediments also demonstrated negative mussel responses with metal exposure. Thresholds for reductions in survival, growth, or biomass were at sediment metal concentrations less than thresholds reported for previous 4-week tests. We documented strong associations between reduced survival in laboratory tests and reduced species richness in community surveys. Attempts to estimate combined toxicity thresholds for metals in sediment and overlying water were not successful. These inconclusive results may be attributable to several factors, including (1) unexpected losses of waterborne metals from solution, (2) differences in sensitivity of different age/size classes of juvenile mussels, (3) disruption of sediment-water equilibria and changes in metal bioavailability, and (4) behavioral or physiological responses allowing juvenile mussels to temporarily reduce or avoid metal exposure. We also observed differences in metal toxicity thresholds between sediment toxicity tests started with different ages/sizes of test organisms. A followup study that combined exposure to Tri-State Mining District sediments with exposures to multiple levels of waterborne metals demonstrated toxic effects of sediments with low metal concentrations; however, some treatments also indicated unexpected reversals of concentration-response trends and reduced toxicity in treatments that had high metal concentrations in overlying water. These unusual responses may reflect development of physiological tolerance to metal toxicity by induction of metal-binding proteins (for example, metallothionein) in response to high metal levels in water.
Results of laboratory and field studies indicated strong associations between metal exposure in Tri-State Mining District streams and toxic effects on juvenile freshwater mussels. Mussel community characteristics corresponded to differences in metal concentrations in sediment and water among Tri-State Mining District sampling sites. Responses of juvenile mussels in 12-week water and sediment exposures were strongly correlated with the status of mussel assemblages in Tri-State Mining District streams. The combined results support the hypothesis that exposure to metals from historical mining activities adversely affects freshwater mussel communities in the Spring River/Neosho River drainage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231024","usgsCitation":"Besser, J.M., Ivey, C.D., Kunz, J.L., Kemble, N.E., Cleveland, D.M., Steevens, J.A., Dunn, H., and Foley, R., 2023, Responses of juvenile mussels to metals in sediment and water of the Tri-State Mining District: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1024, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231024.","productDescription":"Report: x, 80 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144147","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499773,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115408.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420914,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1024/ofr20231024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1024"},{"id":420913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1024/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":420915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R9FHAF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Response of juvenile mussels and amphipods to metal concentrations in water and sediment of streams draining the Tri-State Mining District, Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, USA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
The population of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) at San Nicolas Island, California, has been monitored annually since the translocation of 140 southern sea otters to the island was completed in 1990. Monitoring efforts have varied in frequency and type across years. In 2017, the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initiated a southern sea otter monitoring and research plan to determine the effects of military readiness activities on the growth or decline of the southern sea otter population at San Nicolas Island. The southern sea otter is the only subspecies of sea otter in California (hereafter, “sea otter\"). The monitoring program, at its basic level, includes seasonal surveys of population abundance, distribution, and foraging activity. From 2020 to 2023, we measured a 10-percent per annum increase in population abundance (95-percent confidence interval =0–20 percent), with 146 total individuals as of April 2023. Coinciding with the recent population growth, the sea otter distribution, which previously tended to concentrate on the island’s west end during 2003–2006 before shifting toward more use in the north and south sides during 2017–2019, appears to have shifted again during 2020–2023 to concentrate at the island’s east end. Forage data were collected between February 2020 and April 2023. There was a total of 773 forage dives in 60 forage bouts, with most of the identified prey on successful dives (n=401) recorded as sea urchins (66 percent), followed by bivalves (15 percent), snails (12 percent), and crabs (5.2 percent). Two lobsters and three abalone also were identified among the sea otter prey. Estimates of energy intake rates averaged 14.0 kilocalories per minute (95-percent confidence interval =10.8–17.2 kilocalories per minute). Monitoring data from the past two decades indicate that sea otters at San Nicolas Island have maintained a steady pattern of energy intake and population growth characteristic of a robust population, including a sixfold growth between 2000 and 2023. There was no conclusive evidence of density-dependent effects based on these patterns; however, estimates of energy intake rates for 2020–2023 were slightly lower than previous estimates from 2017 to 2019. Additionally, subtidal monitoring results at four sites around San Nicolas Island indicated that counts of purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) have increased between 2003 and 2023, whereas sea otter foraging surveys completed during the same period revealed that some sea otters have shifted toward higher consumption of purple sea urchins and bivalves compared to red sea urchins (S. fransicanus), which generally are the preferred larger prey of sea otters. These results contribute to the understanding of population dynamics and to the conservation and planning of future monitoring and research of sea otters at San Nicolas Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Navy","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Yee, J.L., Tomoleoni, J.A., Kenner, M.C., Fujii, J.A., Bentall, G.B., Staedler, M.M., and Hatfield, B.B., 2023, Southern (California) sea otter population status and trends at San Nicolas Island, 2020–2023: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1071, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231071.","productDescription":"vii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-155128","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420734,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231071/full"},{"id":420730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":420731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/ofr20231071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420732,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/ofr20231071.xml"},{"id":420733,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.41914133101146,\n 33.23095571590274\n ],\n [\n -119.5256785251456,\n 33.28967086732948\n ],\n [\n -119.583789721946,\n 33.28157457228808\n ],\n [\n -119.57410452247933,\n 33.24816941739742\n ],\n [\n -119.54504892407897,\n 33.22791765206338\n ],\n [\n -119.47119927814498,\n 33.20867413062352\n ],\n [\n -119.43730108001157,\n 33.21576434144701\n ],\n [\n -119.41914133101146,\n 33.23095571590274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) have been listed as “endangered” by the State of California and “threatened” by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service since 1992 in California, Oregon, and Washington. Information regarding murrelet abundance, distribution, and habitat associations is critical for risk assessment, effective management, evaluation of conservation efficacy, and ultimately, the meeting of Federal- and State-mandated recovery efforts. From 1999 to present, line-transect surveys have been performed to estimate at-sea abundance and reproductive output of Marbled Murrelets in the marine environment in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Conservation Zone 6 (San Francisco Bay to Point Sur in central California). Using this long-term annual time series, we developed a new and comprehensive analytical framework to estimate annual murrelet abundance and trend at sea, evaluated the effectiveness of spatial and temporal components of the monitoring study design, assessed two measures of annual murrelet reproductive output, and developed new spatial models to map murrelet at-sea density and estimate model-based annual at-sea abundances. The long-term average, design-based after-hatch-year (AHY) abundance estimate for the study area was 376 murrelets (range: 163–586 annually), and we did not detect any significant trend during the 23 years of monitoring. Spatial-model-based AHY abundance estimates were similar to design-based estimates but with smaller estimated variance. The AHY murrelets were most abundant nearshore, with little annual variation; alongshore, distribution was more annually variable, and some long-term hotspots occurred, particularly around Point Año Nuevo. The AHY murrelet densities were greatest in July and least in June and August. The long-term average hatch-year (HY) abundance estimate was 13 murrelets (range: 0–31 annually), and the long-term average HY:AHY ratio was 0.052; both metrics indicated similar interannual patterns. Evidence of a significant trend in either metric of reproductive output was not detected; although large overlap among interannual abundance and ratio estimates at the 95-percent confidence interval level made it difficult to evaluate interannual differences. Despite the apparent long-term stability in murrelet abundance in this region from 1999 to 2021, future long-term annual monitoring at sea will be critical to determine if the large-scale August 2020 CZU Santa Cruz Mountain wildfire that occurred adjacent to our study area affects local murrelet at-sea abundance and distribution. We also evaluated potential changes to survey and analytical design that could benefit this monitoring program in the future. Results indicated that eliminating the offshore stratum, focusing more effort on the nearshore stratum, and doing fewer surveys focused on a narrower timeframe could maintain or improve AHY trend estimates while preserving the ability to compare them to past years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231065","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Felis, J., Adams, J., and Becker, B., 2023, Status, trend, and monitoring effectiveness of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) at sea abundance and reproductive output off central California, 1999–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1065, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231065.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 47 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147273","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420681,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75B01RW","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Felis, J.J., Adams, J., Peery, M.Z., Henry, R.W., Henkel, L.A., Becker, B.H., and Halbert, P., 2022, Annual marbled murrelet abundance and productivity surveys off central California (Zone 6), 1999–2021 (ver. 4.0, May 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F75B01RW.","linkHelpText":"Annual marbled murrelet abundance and productivity surveys off central California (Zone 6), 1999–2021 (ver. 4.0, May 2022)"},{"id":420675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":420676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/ofr20231065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420677,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/ofr20231065.xml"},{"id":420678,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.02806862776823,\n 36.92229477756594\n ],\n [\n -121.92468779073133,\n 36.98296517484485\n ],\n [\n -122.46905251075435,\n 37.54475259884556\n ],\n [\n -122.79696360323157,\n 37.35110782152849\n ],\n [\n -122.23483030184242,\n 36.782698937994695\n ],\n [\n -122.02806862776823,\n 36.92229477756594\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Clathrate Hydrate Properties Project, active from 1993 to 2022 in Menlo Park, California, stemmed from an earlier project on the properties of planetary ices supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. We took a material science approach in both projects, emphasizing chemical purity of samples, having controlled grain size and grain texture, and having verified crystal structures and phase relations. A foundational contribution from our USGS Gas Hydrate Properties Laboratory (GHPL) was in demonstrating the ability to reproducibly create such pure clathrate hydrate samples for study. Clathrate sample synthesis was achieved by heating sieved and weighed pure granular water ice in the presence of cold clathrate-forming gas or liquid. During heating, the ice melts at the grain scale and reacts with the gas to form clathrate. The resulting material has the desired uniformity and purity, with known intergranular porosity; our subsequent measurements showed that these clathrates exhibited the established clathrate structures and phase relations. This novel synthesis method was successful in creating clathrates of pure methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, and multi-component gases. By mixing sand or silt with granular ice, we were also able to make clathrate-sediment aggregates with controlled grain textures. This simple method, adopted by many others in the community, permitted us to measure the physical and chemical properties of well-characterized and well-crystallized clathrates and clathrate/sediment aggregates. At about the same time, we adapted conventional scanning electron microscopy to cryogenic conditions for analysis of grain-scale characteristics of clathrates made in the GHPL as well as those collected from nature by drill core. The uniformity and reproducibility of our samples also allowed us to investigate how clathrates respond to environmental changes in chemistry, temperature, and pressure: we measured chemical exchange rates with dissolved gas species—such as noble gases and chlorofluorocarbons—as well as rates of clathrate dissolution and decomposition. These advances include the first accurate mapping of the conditions that promote the remarkable process of “anomalous preservation” at room pressure, a metastability that offers potential application for low-cost and safe transportation of natural gas from gas fields far from pipelines.
Another advancement stemming from the GHPL was the compaction of as-synthesized porous clathrates to nearly full density by applying external pressure using three different techniques. Compaction allows for high-accuracy measurements of many fundamental physical and chemical properties of these materials, such as elastic wavespeeds and moduli, complete thermal properties, decomposition rates, thermal expansion, and clathrate equations of state. These properties and others, in turn, have helped USGS scientists to interpret geophysical well logs and active geophysical surveys, as well as model the rates of gas production from hydrate deposits in nature.
Studying this class of icy minerals that occur in abundance on Earth and in the outer solar system has been a fascinating laboratory journey. Here, we summarize the history and major findings of the USGS GHPL in Menlo Park, including both in-house research as well as findings from the synergistic collaborations with other agencies and institutes that were key to the success of our laboratory. The Menlo Park GHPL was more formally incorporated within the USGS Gas Hydrates Project, a collaboration among multiple USGS Science Centers, in the early 2000s under the leadership of Deborah Hutchinson, and now under the leadership of Carolyn Ruppel and Timothy Collett.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231063","usgsCitation":"Stern, L.A., and Kirby, S.H., 2023, Summary of the history and research of the U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrate properties laboratory in Menlo Park, California, active from 1993 to 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1063, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231063.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140366","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420685,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/images"},{"id":420683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/ofr20231063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/covrthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard geoform, substrate, and biotic component geographic information system products were developed for the California State waters of south-central California in the region offshore of Morro Bay. The study was motivated by interest in development of offshore wind-energy capacity and infrastructure in Federal waters offshore. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, in coordination with the State of California and many other members of the California Intergovernmental Renewable Energy Task Force, issued calls for information in 2018 for the study area offshore of Morro Bay, California. The study area is adjacent to a nuclear power plant (currently scheduled for decommissioning) with a developed electric grid connection, and in an area of high wind resource potential. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management is the lead agency responsible for planning and leasing in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and funded this project to assess baseline conditions of, and the potential effects on, the seafloor environment. This project, carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey, resulted in three data releases for individual map blocks that are part of the California State Waters Map Series: (1) Offshore of Point Estero, (2) Offshore of Morro Bay, and (3) Offshore of Point Buchon. The study area consists of 341 square kilometers (km2) of multibeam echo sounder (MBES) data acquired by Fugro, Inc., in 2010. Towed camera-sled video was acquired in 2012 to supervise the classification of the MBES data into habitats. There were 935 annotations of organisms and habitat made from 22 video transects. Using video observations of habitat as ground truth, derivatives of the MBES data were classified into 3 seafloor character types (hard-rugged, hard-flat, and soft-flat), 25 modifier groups, and 9 geoforms. The study area substrate is predominantly soft-flat sediment (mud and fine sand) covering 191.3 km2 (56.1 percent) of the area. Hard-flat substrate areas, predominantly coarse sediment in scour depressions, cover 52.2 km2 (15.3 percent) of the study area. The hard-rugged substrate areas are primarily outcrops of layered sedimentary bedrock and constitute 97.5 km2 of the study area (28.6 percent). After classification of bathymetry and backscatter raster images according to substrate, false-positive hard areas produced by noise artifacts were removed by manual editing. Nine geoforms were then identified in the analysis. The predominant geoforms mirror the seafloor character results, shelf geoforms (flat areas covered in soft sediment), rock outcrop geoforms (hard, rugged areas), and scour depression geoforms (flat areas covered in coarse sediment formed by bottom currents).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California State University Monterey Bay, University of California Santa Cruz, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and the California Ocean Protection Council","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R., Cole, A., Sherrier, M., Roca-Lezra, A., Hallahan, S., and Dartnell, P., 2023, California State waters map series—Benthic habitat characterization in the region offshore of Morro Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1064, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231064.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 14 p.; 3 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142408","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420580,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZSTUK1","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Cole, A., Sherrier, M., and Hallahan, S., 2022, Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Estero, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZSTUK1.","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Estero, California"},{"id":420579,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HEZNRO","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Cole, A., Sherrier, M., and Roca-Lezra, A., 2022, Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Morro Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HEZNRO.","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Morro Bay, California"},{"id":499787,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115244.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420582,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231064/full"},{"id":420581,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KBGELE","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Cole, A., and Sherrier, M., 2022, Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Buchon, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KBGELE.","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Buchon, California"},{"id":420575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":420576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/ofr20231064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420577,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/ofr20231064.xml"},{"id":420578,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Morro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.14748785119099,\n 35.56953868165078\n ],\n [\n -121.14748785119099,\n 35.15085512961322\n ],\n [\n -120.69449617338131,\n 35.15085512961322\n ],\n [\n -120.69449617338131,\n 35.56953868165078\n ],\n [\n -121.14748785119099,\n 35.56953868165078\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Acipenser fulvescens (Rafinesque, 1817; lake sturgeon) are the only sturgeon species native to the Great Lakes region and are threatened across most of their range. They are historically vulnerable because of overfishing and habitat fragmentation with the potential for climate change acting as an increasing stressor in the future. Lake sturgeon span multiple habitats during their long lifespans, including high gradient streams, nearshore areas, and deep rivers and lakes. Climate change is projected to strongly affect the suitability of these habitats through increasing precipitation and temperatures and decreasing ice cover and snowmelt. Changes in flow timing and amount can affect movement to spawning and nursery sites, and increased water temperatures are likely to affect species activity patterns, survival, and prey availability. Ultimately, the Great Lakes region is expected to face wide ranging effects from climate change, which may have positive and negative effects on lake sturgeon depending on a variety of factors, including the life stages affected, habitat availability, and interactions with other stressors, but all shifts are likely to affect spawning. Importantly, several areas of further research would be beneficial to understanding the complex effects of climate change on lake sturgeon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211104E","usgsCitation":"Embke, H.S., Nikiel, C.A., and Lyons, M.P., 2023, Potential effects of climate change on Acipenser fulvescens (lake sturgeon): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1104–E, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211104E.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153300","costCenters":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/e/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":420402,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/e/ofr20211104e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1104–E"},{"id":420403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/e/ofr20211104e.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":420404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/e/images/"},{"id":420418,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211104E/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.26983596511643,\n 49.61486945160706\n ],\n [\n -94.26983596511643,\n 39.91917013904123\n ],\n [\n -74.76648518232544,\n 39.91917013904123\n ],\n [\n -74.76648518232544,\n 49.61486945160706\n ],\n [\n -94.26983596511643,\n 49.61486945160706\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1954 Buford Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108
The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon mobile drilling platform on April 20, 2010, caused a massive oil spill and injury to natural resources in the Gulf of Mexico. Gavia immer (common loon) were negatively affected from the spill. The Open Ocean Trustee Implementation Group funded the project “Restoration of Common Loons in Minnesota” to restore common loons lost to the spill. Here, we report on activities conducted for this project in an eight-county region in Minnesota in calendar year 2022. We identified a subset of territories that were monitored in 2021 as focal territories (n=99) from which multiyear study inferences can ultimately be made. We monitored nonfocal territories on all study lakes as well. We conducted surveys from May 9 to August 12, 2022. At least 1 nest attempt was observed in 68 of 99 focal territories, and a second nest attempt after a failed initial attempt was observed in 17 focal territories. Chicks or other evidence of hatching was observed in 33 of 99 territories. Data collected in 2021 and 2022 for this project are presented in a U.S. Geological Survey data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LA536E). We present no formal data analysis in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Fara, L.J., Houdek, S.C., Rabasco, R., Rettler, S., Rasmussen, E., Kenow, K.P., Gray, B.R., Yang, S., and Amoth, K., 2023, Restoration of Gavia immer (common loon) in Minnesota—2022 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1062, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231062.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 5 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151382","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420377,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Atlantic sturgeon) were once abundant and supported large-scale fisheries throughout much of the east coast of the United States. However, historic overharvest and habitat loss resulted in dramatic declines in abundance and eventual listing under the Endangered Species Act of the United States. As part of this listing, Atlantic sturgeon populations were divided into five distinct population segments (DPSs), with many management activities occurring at the level of the DPS. However, because subadult and adult Atlantic sturgeon can make large, coast-wide migrations and often mix extensively with individuals from other populations, individuals may be exposed to conservation threats away from their natal river or DPS, ultimately making it difficult to determine the appropriate spatial scale for management activities. To help address this uncertainty, the U.S. Geological Survey performed genetic assignment tests to determine the natal origin of 329 Atlantic sturgeon that were encountered as mortalities or taken during permitted activities in 2021. Overall, most individuals assigned to the Hudson River population, with additional major contributions from the James River Fall and Delaware River populations. However, a sizeable proportion of individuals were assigned to more distantly located populations in the southeastern United States. These results highlight the prevalence of long-distance movements in Atlantic sturgeon and underscore that populations may be vulnerable to threats far from their natal rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"White, S.L., Johnson, R.L., Lubinski, B.A., Eackles, M.S., and Kazyak, D.C., 2023, Genetic population assignments of Atlantic sturgeon provided to National Marine Fisheries Service, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1054, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231054.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 10 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-136703","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419992,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P943B0GT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Individual assignments and microsatellite genotypes for Atlantic sturgeon from 2021"},{"id":419987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":419988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/ofr20231054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1054"},{"id":419989,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231054/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1054"},{"id":419990,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/images/"},{"id":419991,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/ofr20231054.XML"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.7831526539585,\n 44.088449979425064\n ],\n [\n -69.15659153864834,\n 48.019075945012474\n ],\n [\n -72.30141815542203,\n 45.45727029656064\n ],\n [\n -75.65820657339519,\n 44.94778904002476\n ],\n [\n -75.28903339967198,\n 40.89558675319671\n ],\n [\n -76.46298604911388,\n 40.19400583735714\n ],\n [\n -78.43915371095366,\n 36.5604218577474\n ],\n [\n -84.16051772711577,\n 32.88156909351903\n ],\n [\n -83.55638083759197,\n 30.468214471664382\n ],\n [\n -80.73133729902378,\n 30.687235465695224\n ],\n [\n -78.61360348508101,\n 32.88392643413653\n ],\n [\n -75.62804928587406,\n 34.56644068656462\n ],\n [\n -74.64749468377897,\n 36.185966080642245\n ],\n [\n -74.65126231991508,\n 38.03204715851999\n ],\n [\n -73.38050438077715,\n 40.0657922005791\n ],\n [\n -69.39263502960705,\n 41.17701014917236\n ],\n [\n -70.1486437939862,\n 43.328483757491426\n ],\n [\n -66.7831526539585,\n 44.088449979425064\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
We used multi-component seismic data (including two-dimensional images of compressional-wave velocity [vP], shear-wave velocity [vS], the ratio of compressional-wave velocity to shear-wave velocity [vP/vS ratio], Poisson’s ratio [μ], and seismic reflections) along a transect across northeastern Edwards Air Force Base to investigate the upper few hundred meters of the subsurface. The shallow subsurface there is characterized by unconsolidated sediments (vP of less than 2,500 meters per second [m/s]; vS of less than 1,500 m/s) in the upper 40 meters (m), underlain by weathered granitic basement rock (vP of 2,500–4,000 m/s; vS of 1,500–2,700 m/s) to about 100 m depth and unweathered granitic basement rock (vP of 4,000–6,000 m/s; vS of 2,700–4,000 m/s). The depth to basement rock varies laterally along the transect by as many as tens of meters. The top of groundwater, as indicated by both the 1,500-m/s vP contour and measurements in five wells along the transect, is located 8–30 m below the surface. In places, the top of groundwater is vertically offset over short lateral distances, likely the result of fault barriers. Faults mapped at the surface along the northeastern part of the transect correlate with multiple seismic indicators of faulting at the same locations. These same indicators show evidence for faulting in several other places along the transect beneath the alluvium. A major zone of faulting is apparent near the center of the seismic profile and is characterized by offsets in the top of groundwater; diffractions on the reflection image; a near-vertical zone of low vS; a corresponding near-vertical, shallow-depth zone of high vP relative to adjacent rocks (indicating high saturation); a near-vertical zone of high vP/vS ratios; and a near-vertical zone of high Poisson’s ratios (also indicating saturation). Many of these anomalies extend at least 400 m deep, reaching into granitic basement rock and indicating that the fault zone is water-saturated to those depths. There is likely vertical flow of contaminants along these fault zones, which are apparently barriers to the lateral flow of groundwater. The major central fault zone marks a boundary beyond which contaminant flow is apparently impeded. Along the southwestern part of the transect, there are also areas with similar indicators of faulting, but these appear to be smaller fault zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Chan, J.H., Sickler, R.R., and Criley, C.J., 2023, Seismic images and subsurface structures of northeastern Edwards Air Force Base, Kern County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1018, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231018.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 29 p.,; Data Release; 8 Figures","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139215","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499769,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115219.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420028,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZAM79S","text":"Data release for a 2020 high-resolution seismic survey across northeastern Edwards Air Force Base, Kern County, California","description":"Goldman, M.R., Catchings, R.D., Chan, J.H., Criley, C.J., and Sickler, R.R., 2021, Data release for a 2020 high-resolution seismic survey across northeastern Edwards Air Force Base, Kern County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZAM79S."},{"id":420027,"rank":10,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure14.pdf","text":"Figure 14","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Two-dimensional Poisson’s ratio model along the Edwards seismic profile (Edwards Air Force Base, California), annotated with interpretative faults shown in figure 11."},{"id":420024,"rank":8,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure08def.pdf","text":"Figure 8D, E, F","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Unmigrated reflection image of the upper 400 meters (depth) along the Edwards seismic profile, Edwards Air Force Base, California."},{"id":420025,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure08abc.pdf","text":"Figure 8A, B, C","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Unmigrated reflection image of the upper 400 meters (depth) along the Edwards seismic profile, Edwards Air Force Base, California."},{"id":420023,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure07a.pdf","text":"Figure 7A","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Two-dimensional Poisson’s ratio model along the Edwards seismic profile (Edwards Air Force Base, California), derived from the tomographic compressional-wave velocity model and the multichannel analysis of surface waves shear-wave velocity model."},{"id":420022,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure06a.pdf","text":"Figure 6A","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Two-dimensional model of the ratio of compressional-wave velocity to shear-wave velocity along the Edwards seismic profile (Edwards Air Force Base, California), derived from the tomographic compressional-wave velocity model and the multichannel analysis of surface waves shear-wave velocity model."},{"id":420021,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure05.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Two-dimensional shear-wave velocity model along the Edwards seismic profile (Edwards Air Force Base, California) developed from Rayleigh surface waves and the multichannel analysis of surface waves modeling technique."},{"id":420019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":420020,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure04a.pdf","text":"Figure 4A","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Two-dimensional compressional-wave velocity tomography model along the Edwards seismic profile (Edwards Air Force Base, California), generated using a subset of the seismic data with short offset distances between the shots and the receivers."},{"id":420026,"rank":9,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1018/ofr20231018_figure13.pdf","text":"Figure 13","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Two-dimensional model of the ratio of compressional-wave velocity to shear-wave velocity along the Edwards seismic profile (Edwards Air Force Base, California), annotated with interpretive faults shown in figure 11"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.13696891699124,\n 35.05523690329453\n ],\n [\n -118.13696891699124,\n 34.719740760796995\n ],\n [\n -117.59793378058632,\n 34.719740760796995\n ],\n [\n -117.59793378058632,\n 35.05523690329453\n ],\n [\n -118.13696891699124,\n 35.05523690329453\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
This report describes a study that characterized reductions in total and dissolved forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater runoff through implementation of a municipal leaf collection and street cleaning program in two medium-density residential catchments in Madison, Wisconsin. One catchment was established as a control in which no effort was made to remove leaf litter and other organic detritus from streets. The second catchment served as the test catchment in which leaf litter was removed through a combination of biweekly leaf collection and weekly mechanical-broom street cleaning. Loads of total and dissolved phosphorus in the test catchment were reduced by 46 and 51 percent (probability less than 0.20), respectively, and total and dissolved nitrogen by 42 and 52 percent (probability less than 0.20), respectively, with an active leaf collection and street cleaning program compared to no program in the control catchment. Results from this study support an ongoing effort to characterize how various combinations of municipal leaf collection and street cleaning can affect nutrient loads in urban runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and League of Wisconsin Municipalities","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., and Stenehjem, K.J., 2023, Fall contributions of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater runoff through weekly street cleaning: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1061, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231061.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-150684","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419832,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":499786,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115215.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":419833,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231061/full"},{"id":419831,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/images"},{"id":419830,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/ofr20231061.XML"},{"id":419829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/ofr20231061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1061"},{"id":419828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.38888315075111,\n 43.151755311064505\n ],\n [\n -89.38888315075111,\n 43.13561018325166\n ],\n [\n -89.36103939056075,\n 43.13561018325166\n ],\n [\n -89.36103939056075,\n 43.151755311064505\n ],\n [\n -89.38888315075111,\n 43.151755311064505\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726
Water withdrawn from rivers and streams accounts for approximately 80 percent of the public water supply in West Virginia. Localized and (or) seasonal droughts may threaten future water availability in the state, particularly in rural communities located in the headwaters of unregulated watersheds. Monthly water withdrawal data obtained from the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection’s Large Quantity User program’s regulatory database was used to calculate all-time, seasonal, and monthly 75th quantile withdrawal rates for 109 public water system (PWS) intakes withdrawing from surface waters in West Virginia. A drought-vulnerability assessment value was calculated by comparing PWS withdrawal rates to the 1-day, 10-year hydrologically based streamflow statistic (1Q10) for 71 of the 109 PWS in locations with valid streamflow statistics. Withdrawal rates were evaluated against thresholds representing different levels of drought-related impacts from the West Virginia interagency drought plan and ecological-flow literature. The drought-vulnerability assessment found 33 of 71 PWS have 75th quantile withdrawal rates greater than 100 percent of 1Q10 streamflow. Forty-five of 71 PWS have 75th quantile withdrawal rates more than 10 percent of 1Q10 streamflow, suggesting some level of ecological impairment during severe drought. Additionally, a publicly available, near real-time drought-awareness web tool was created to compare the estimated withdrawal rate for 109 PWS to forecast streamflows from the National Water Model to support decision-making for emergency and water managers.
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Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Invasive carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis [Richardson, 1845; Bighead Carp], H. molitrix [Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844; Silver Carp], Ctenopharyngodon idella [Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844; Grass Carp], and Mylopharyngodon piceus [Richardson, 1846; Black Carp]) expansion threatens the Laurentian Great Lakes and other major waterways. Numerous tools and techniques are being tested or developed to curtail the upstream expansion of invasive carps while minimizing the effect to native species. Underwater sound is one technology that has shown promise as a deterrent in the laboratory and ponds and is being considered for use at bottleneck locks and dams to reduce the risk of invasive carps moving to uninvaded areas. To test this technology at a management-relevant scale, an underwater acoustic deterrent system (UADS) was designed and installed at Lock 19 on the Mississippi River in 2021. The experimental UADS operates on a continuous schedule of 80 hours on and 80 hours off to allow for comparisons of fish behavior during varying environmental, operational, and navigation traffic conditions. Two telemetry systems, operating at 69 and 307 kilohertz, were deployed to evaluate how the UADS may affect movement and behavior of invasive carps and native fish species. During 2021–22, Silver Carp were twice as likely to pass over the UADS and into the lock when it was off compared to on; however, Bigmouth Buffalo, a native fish, were 1.2 times more likely to make upstream passage when the UADS was off compared to on.
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U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603