{"pageNumber":"90","pageRowStart":"2225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36989,"records":[{"id":70045489,"text":"ofr20131044 - 2013 - Role of stranded gas in increasing global gas supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:28:01","indexId":"ofr20131044","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1044","title":"Role of stranded gas in increasing global gas supplies","docAbstract":"This report synthesizes the findings of three regional studies in order to evaluate, at the global scale, the contribution that stranded gas resources can make to global natural gas supplies. Stranded gas, as defined for this study, is natural gas in discovered conventional gas and oil fields that is currently not commercially producible for either physical or economic reasons. The regional studies evaluated the cost of bringing the large volumes of undeveloped gas in stranded gas fields to selected markets. In particular, stranded gas fields of selected Atlantic Basin countries, north Africa, Russia, and central Asia are screened to determine whether the volumes are sufficient to meet Europe’s increasing demand for gas imports. Stranded gas fields in Russia, central Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australia are also screened to estimate development, production, and transport costs and corresponding gas volumes that could be supplied to Asian markets in China, India, Japan, and South Korea.  The data and cost analysis presented here suggest that for the European market and the markets examined in Asia, the development of stranded gas provides a way to meet projected gas import demands for the 2020-to-2040 period. Although this is a reconnaissance-type appraisal, it is based on volumes of gas that are associated with individual identified fields. Individual field data were carefully examined. Some fields were not evaluated because current technology was insufficient or it appeared the gas was likely to be held off the export market. Most of the evaluated stranded gas can be produced and delivered to markets at costs comparable to historical prices. Moreover, the associated volumes of gas are sufficient to provide an interim supply while additional technologies are developed to unlock gas diffused in shale and hydrates or while countries transition to making a greater use of renewable energy sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131044","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Freeman, P., 2013, Role of stranded gas in increasing global gas supplies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1044, ix, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131044.","productDescription":"ix, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131044.gif"},{"id":271167,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1044/OFR2013-1044.pdf"},{"id":271166,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1044/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172595ce4b0c173799e78ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, P.A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":3154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045494,"text":"ofr20131086 - 2013 - Estimation of capture zones and drawdown at the Northwest and West Well Fields, Miami-Dade County, Florida, using an unconstrained Monte Carlo analysis: recent (2004) and proposed conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T10:55:31","indexId":"ofr20131086","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1086","title":"Estimation of capture zones and drawdown at the Northwest and West Well Fields, Miami-Dade County, Florida, using an unconstrained Monte Carlo analysis: recent (2004) and proposed conditions","docAbstract":"Travel-time capture zones and drawdown for two production well fields, used for drinking-water supply in Miami-Dade County, southeastern Florida, were delineated by the U.S Geological Survey using an unconstrained Monte Carlo analysis. The well fields, designed to supply a combined total of approximately 250 million gallons of water per day, pump from the highly transmissive Biscayne aquifer in the urban corridor between the Everglades and Biscayne Bay. A transient groundwater flow model was developed and calibrated to field data to ensure an acceptable match between simulated and observed values for aquifer heads and net exchange of water between the aquifer and canals. Steady-state conditions were imposed on the transient model and a post-processing backward particle-tracking approach was implemented. Multiple stochastic realizations of horizontal hydraulic conductivity, conductance of canals, and effective porosity were simulated for steady-state conditions representative of dry, average and wet hydrologic conditions to calculate travel-time capture zones of potential source areas of the well fields. Quarry lakes, formed as a product of rock-mining activities, whose effects have previously not been considered in estimation of capture zones, were represented using high hydraulic-conductivity, high-porosity cells, with the bulk hydraulic conductivity of each cell calculated based on estimates of aquifer hydraulic conductivity, lake depths and aquifer thicknesses. A post-processing adjustment, based on calculated residence times using lake outflows and known lake volumes, was utilized to adjust particle endpoints to account for an estimate of residence-time-based mixing of lakes. Drawdown contours of 0.1 and 0.25 foot were delineated for the dry, average, and wet hydrologic conditions as well. In addition, 95-percent confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the capture zones and drawdown contours to delineate a zone of uncertainty about the median estimates.  Results of the Monte Carlo simulations indicate particle travel distances at the Northwest Well Field (NWWF) and West Well Field (WWF) are greatest to the west, towards the Everglades. The man-made quarry lakes substantially affect particle travel distances. In general near the NWWF, the capture zones in areas with lakes were smaller in areal extent than capture zones in areas without lakes. It is possible that contamination could reach the well fields quickly, within 10 days in some cases, if it were introduced into lakes nearest to supply wells, with one of the lakes being only approximately 650 feet from the nearest supply well.  In addition to estimating drawdown and travel-time capture zones of 10, 30, 100, and 210 days for the NWWF and the WWF under more recent conditions, two proposed scenarios were evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations: the potential hydrologic effects of proposed Everglades groundwater seepage mitigation and quarry-lake expansion. The seepage mitigation scenario included the addition of two proposed anthropogenic features to the model: (1) an impermeable horizontal flow barrier east of the L-31N canal along the western model boundary between the Everglades and the urban areas of Miami-Dade County, and (2) a recharge canal along the Dade-Broward Levee near the NWWF. Capture zones and drawdown for the WWF were substantially affected by the addition of the barrier, which eliminates flow from the western boundary into the active model domain, shifting the predominant capture zone source area from the west more to the north and south. The 95-percent CI for the 210-day capture zone moved slightly in the NWWF as a result of the recharge canal. The lake-expansion scenario incorporated a proposed increase in the number and surface area of lakes by an additional 25 square miles. This scenario represents a 150-percent increase from the 2004 lake surface area near both well fields, but with the majority of increase proposed near the NWWF. The lake-expansion scenario substantially decreased the extent of the 210-day capture zone of the NWWF, which is limited to the lakes nearest the well field under proposed conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade County Water and Sewer Department and Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources","usgsCitation":"Brakefield, L.K., Hughes, J.D., Langevin, C.D., and Chartier, K., 2013, Estimation of capture zones and drawdown at the Northwest and West Well Fields, Miami-Dade County, Florida, using an unconstrained Monte Carlo analysis: recent (2004) and proposed conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1086, x, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131086.","productDescription":"x, 127 p.","numberOfPages":"140","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131086.gif"},{"id":271254,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1086/"},{"id":271255,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1086/pdf/ofr2013-1086.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-dade","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.35,25.40 ], [ -80.35,25.60 ], [ -80.15,25.60 ], [ -80.15,25.40 ], [ -80.35,25.40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172595be4b0c173799e78de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakefield, Linzy K. lbrake@usgs.gov","contributorId":2080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakefield","given":"Linzy","email":"lbrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chartier, Kevin","contributorId":64128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chartier","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045490,"text":"ofr20131089 - 2013 - Geochemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas characteristics of groundwater in a fractured crystalline-rock aquifer, Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T09:02:52","indexId":"ofr20131089","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1089","title":"Geochemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas characteristics of groundwater in a fractured crystalline-rock aquifer, Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire, 2011","docAbstract":"Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a volatile organic compound, was detected in groundwater from deep (more than (>) 300 feet (ft) below land surface) fractures in monitoring wells tapping a crystalline-rock aquifer beneath operable unit 1 (OU1) of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site (Weston, Inc., 2010). Operable units define remedial areas of contaminant concern. PCE contamination within the fractured-rock aquifer has been designated as a separate operable unit, operable unit 3 (OU3; Weston, Inc., 2010). PCE contamination was previously detected in the overlying glacial sand and gravel deposits and basal till, hereafter termed the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift (MSGD) aquifer (Harte, 2004, 2006). Operable units 1 and 2 encompass areas within the MSGD aquifer, whereas the extent of the underlying OU3 has yet to be defined. The primary original source of contamination has been identified as a former manufacturing facility—the OK Tool manufacturing facility; hence OU1 sometimes has been referred to as the OK Tool Source Area (New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, undated).  A residential neighborhood of 30 to 40 houses is located in close proximity (one-quarter of a mile) from the PCE-contaminated monitoring wells. Each house has its own water-supply well installed in similar rocks as those of the monitoring wells, as indicated by the New Hampshire State geologic map (Lyons and others, 1997). An investigation was initiated in 2010 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) region 1, and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) to assess the potential for PCE transport from known contaminant locations (monitoring wells) to the residential wells.  The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the NHDES entered into a cooperative agreement in 2011 to assist in the evaluation of PCE transport in the fractured-rock aquifer. Periodic sampling over the last decade by the USEPA and NHDES has yet to detect PCE in groundwater from the residential-supply wells (as of 2012). However, part of assessing the potential for PCE transport involves understanding the origin of the groundwater in the monitoring and residential wells. One of the tools in delineating the movement of groundwater to wells, particularly in complex, highly heterogeneous fractured-rock aquifers, is the understanding of the geochemical and isotopic composition of groundwater (Lipfert and Reeve, 2004; Harte and others, 2012). This report summarizes findings from analyses of geochemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas characteristics of groundwater. Samples of groundwater were collected in 2011 from monitoring wells and nearby residential-supply wells in proximity to OU1.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., 2013, Geochemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas characteristics of groundwater in a fractured crystalline-rock aquifer, Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1089, vii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131089.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131089.gif"},{"id":271206,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1089/pdf/ofr2013-1089_harte_508.pdf"},{"id":271204,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1089/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Milford","otherGeospatial":"Savage Municipal Well Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.73,42.77 ], [ -71.73,42.87 ], [ -71.60,42.87 ], [ -71.60,42.77 ], [ -71.73,42.77 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172595be4b0c173799e78e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045456,"text":"ofr20131073 - 2013 - Residential and service-population exposure to multiple natural hazards in the Mount Hood region of Clackamas County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T16:17:45","indexId":"ofr20131073","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1073","title":"Residential and service-population exposure to multiple natural hazards in the Mount Hood region of Clackamas County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The objective of this research is to document residential and service-population exposure to natural hazards in the rural communities of Clackamas County, Oregon, near Mount Hood. The Mount Hood region of Clackamas County has a long history of natural events that have impacted its small, tourism-based communities. To support preparedness and emergency-management planning in the region, a geospatial analysis of population exposure was used to determine the number and type of residents and service populations in flood-, wildfire-, and volcano-related hazard zones. Service populations are a mix of residents and tourists temporarily benefitting from local services, such as retail, education, or recreation. In this study, service population includes day-use visitors at recreational sites, overnight visitors at hotels and resorts, children at schools, and community-center visitors. Although the heavily-forested, rural landscape suggests few people are in the area, there are seasonal peaks of thousands of visitors to the region. “Intelligent” dasymetric mapping efforts using 30-meter resolution land-cover imagery and U.S. Census Bureau data proved ineffective at adequately capturing either the spatial distribution or magnitude of population at risk. Consequently, an address-point-based hybrid dasymetric methodology of assigning population to the physical location of buildings mapped with a global positioning system was employed. The resulting maps of the population (1) provide more precise spatial distributions for hazard-vulnerability assessments, (2) depict appropriate clustering due to higher density structures, such as apartment complexes and multi-unit commercial buildings, and (3) provide new information on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of people utilizing services within the study area.\n\nEstimates of population exposure to flooding, wildfire, and volcanic hazards were determined by using overlay analysis in a geographic information system. Population exposure to flood hazards is low (less than 10 percent of residents) and does not vary substantially between 100-year and 500-year flood-hazard scenarios. Moderate, moderate-to-high, and high wildfire-risk areas within the study region account for 72 percent of residents, 62 percent of employees, and 60 percent of daytime visitors to recreation sites. Fifteen percent of businesses in the study area are in moderate-to-high or high wildfire-risk areas but these businesses represent 51 percent of the local workforce. A volcanic event at Mount Hood could directly impact up to 60 percent of residents in their homes and 87 percent of employees at their workplaces. The proximal volcanic-hazard zone alone includes 65 percent of employees, 80 percent of schools and community facilities, more than 60 percent of overnight visitors in peak seasons, and 82–100 percent of daytime visitors to recreation sites during the summer and winter months, respectively. The number of day-use visitors to recreation sites in the region is greatest during winter months (averaging 129,300 people per month), whereas overnight visitors are greatest during summer months (averaging 34,000 per month). This analysis of residential and service-population exposure to natural hazards supports the development of targeted risk-reduction efforts in the region, while also expanding the discourse on characterizing and assessing population dynamics in tourist-frequented areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Clackamas County Emergency Management Department","usgsCitation":"Mathie, A., and Wood, N., 2013, Residential and service-population exposure to multiple natural hazards in the Mount Hood region of Clackamas County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1073, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131073.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131073.jpg"},{"id":271017,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1073/pdf/ofr20131073.pdf"},{"id":271016,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1073/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Clackamas County","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hood","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.868,44.8857 ], [ -122.868,45.4617 ], [ -121.651,45.4617 ], [ -121.651,44.8857 ], [ -122.868,44.8857 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dbe4b00154e4368b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathie, Amy M.","contributorId":82803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathie","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045385,"text":"ofr20111127 - 2013 - Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T14:13:35.002513","indexId":"ofr20111127","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1127","title":"Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"A system-wide description of the seafloor topography is a basic requirement for most coastal oceanographic studies. The necessary detail of the topography obviously varies with application, but for many uses, a nominal resolution of roughly 100 m is sufficient. Creating a digital bathymetric grid with this level of resolution can be a complex procedure due to a multiplicity of data sources, data coverages, datums and interpolation procedures. This report documents the procedures used to construct a 3-arcsecond (approximately 90-meter grid cell size) digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine (71°30' to 63° W, 39°30' to 46° N). We obtained elevation and bathymetric data from a variety of American and Canadian sources, converted all data to the North American Datum of 1983 for horizontal coordinates and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 for vertical coordinates, used a combination of automatic and manual techniques for quality control, and interpolated gaps using a surface-fitting routine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111127","usgsCitation":"Twomey, E.R., and Signell, R.P., 2013, Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1127, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111127.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20111127.bmp"},{"id":270854,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":270855,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1127/titlepage.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.5,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -63,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -63,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5,\n              46\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd52a0e4b0b290850f4a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twomey, Erin R.","contributorId":44860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twomey","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045384,"text":"ofr20131083 - 2013 - Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program Summary Report: Data and Analyses 2006 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T13:18:14.881422","indexId":"ofr20131083","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1083","title":"Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program Summary Report: Data and Analyses 2006 through 2010","docAbstract":"The Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) program was implemented under the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology (LCA S&T) office as a component of the System Wide Assessment and Monitoring (SWAMP) program. The BICM project was developed by the State of Louisiana (Coastal Protection Restoration Authority [CPRA], formerly Department of Natural Resources [DNR]) to complement other Louisiana coastal monitoring programs such as the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System-Wetlands (CRMS-Wetlands) and was a collaborative research effort by CPRA, University of New Orleans (UNO), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The goal of the BICM program was to provide long-term data on the barrier islands of Louisiana that could be used to plan, design, evaluate, and maintain current and future barrier-island restoration projects. The BICM program used both historical and newly acquired (2006 to 2010) data to assess and monitor changes in the aerial and subaqueous extent of islands, habitat types, sediment texture and geotechnical properties, environmental processes, and vegetation composition. BICM datasets included aerial still and video photography (multiple time series) for shoreline positions, habitat mapping, and land loss; light detection and ranging (lidar) surveys for topographic elevations; single-beam and swath bathymetry; and sediment grab samples. Products produced using BICM data and analyses included (but were not limited to) storm-impact assessments, rate of shoreline and bathymetric change, shoreline-erosion and accretion maps, high-resolution elevation maps, coastal-shoreline and barrier-island habitat-classification maps, and coastal surficial-sediment characterization maps. Discussions in this report summarize the extensive data-collection efforts and present brief interpretive analyses for four coastal Louisiana geographic regions. In addition, several coastal-wide and topical themes were selected that integrate the data and analyses within a broader coastal context: (1) barrier-shoreline evolution driven by rapid relative sea-level rise (RSLR), (2) hurricane impacts to the Chandeleur Islands and likelihood of island recovery, (3) impact of tropical storms on barrier shorelines, (4) Barataria Bay tidal-inlet management, and (5) habitat changes related to RSLR. The final theme addresses potential future goals of the BICM program, including rotational annual to semi-decadal monitoring, proposed new-data collection, how to incorporate technological advances with previous data-collection and monitoring protocols, and standardizing methods and quality-control assessments for continued coastal monitoring and restoration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131083","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Buster, N.A., Flocks, J.G., Bernier, J., and Kulp, M., 2013, Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program Summary Report: Data and Analyses 2006 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1083, xii, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131083.","productDescription":"xii, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131083.gif"},{"id":270850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1083/pdf/ofr2013-1083.pdf"},{"id":270849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1083/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Acadiana Bays, Chenier Plain, Mississippi River Delta Plain, Pontchartrain Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.72283095158805,\n              30.195489802441173\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.92316014269579,\n              29.80663794050693\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.81263369242943,\n              29.65667474997356\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.63993611388814,\n              29.710687319156023\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.17710660339773,\n              29.698687034477473\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28598709812483,\n              29.46439536022504\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.33269646457647,\n              29.17529191430168\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.31032679961224,\n              29.024393407178422\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.43302310062232,\n              28.861174998204078\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.97710149327335,\n              29.07270499115147\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.23269390951455,\n              30.093937319227948\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.58499696973861,\n              30.159659686308487\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.65407600115556,\n              30.35656389863381\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.14453712421245,\n              30.511422052760707\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.60045873156137,\n              30.350602907818654\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.83532743837759,\n              29.632659850727023\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0701961451938,\n              29.95039138912159\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.82315758763387,\n              30.14771341947055\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.12710532586651,\n              30.046111770642014\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1011196688393,\n              30.195489802441173\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.72283095158805,\n              30.195489802441173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6505e4b0b290850ffd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulp, Mark A.","contributorId":16113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045356,"text":"ofr20131069 - 2013 - Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T07:50:43","indexId":"ofr20131069","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1069","title":"Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","docAbstract":"Two inundation events in 2011 underscored the potential for elevated water levels to damage infrastructure and affect terrestrial ecosystems on the low-lying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The goal of this study was to compare passive \"bathtub\" inundation models based on geographic information systems (GIS) to those that include dynamic water levels caused by wave-induced set-up and run-up for two end-member island morphologies: Midway, a classic atoll with islands on the shallow (2-8 m) atoll rim and a deep, central lagoon; and Laysan, which is characterized by a deep (20-30 m) atoll rim and an island at the center of the atoll. Vulnerability to elevated water levels was assessed using hindcast wind and wave data to drive coupled physics-based numerical wave, current, and water-level models for the atolls. The resulting model data were then used to compute run-up elevations using a parametric run-up equation under both present conditions and future sea-level-rise scenarios. In both geomorphologies, wave heights and wavelengths adjacent to the island shorelines increased more than three times and four times, respectively, with increasing values of sea-level rise, as more deep-water wave energy could propagate over the atoll rim and larger wind-driven waves could develop on the atoll. Although these increases in water depth resulted in decreased set-up along the islands’ shorelines, the larger wave heights and longer wavelengths due to sea-level rise increased the resulting wave-induced run-up. Run-up values were spatially heterogeneous and dependent on the direction of incident wave direction, bathymetry, and island configuration. Island inundation was modeled to increase substantially when wave-driven effects were included, suggesting that inundation and impacts to infrastructure and terrestrial habitats will occur at lower values of predicted sea-level rise, and thus sooner in the 21st century, than suggested by passive GIS-based \"bathtub\" inundation models. Lastly, observations and the modeling results suggest that classic atolls with islands on a shallow atoll rim are more susceptible to the combined effects of sea-level rise and wave-driven inundation than atolls characterized by a deep atoll rim.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131069","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Berkowitz, P., Reynolds, M.H., and Logan, J., 2013, Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1069, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131069.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131069.gif"},{"id":270794,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/of2013-1069.pdf"},{"id":270795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.91,18.91 ], [ -159.91,22.86 ], [ -154.81,22.86 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -159.91,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd59e4b0ec0efb666ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkowitz, Paul pberkowitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"Paul","email":"pberkowitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045377,"text":"ofr20131065 - 2013 - County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:48:33","indexId":"ofr20131065","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1065","title":"County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002","docAbstract":"County-level nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from animal manure for the conterminous United States for 2002 were estimated from animal populations from the 2002 Census of Agriculture by using methods described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5012. These estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure were compiled in support of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131065","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.K., and Gronberg, J., 2013, County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure for the conterminous United States, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1065, HTML Document; Table 1; Dataset and Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131065.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Table 1; Dataset and Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131065.png"},{"id":270845,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1065/"},{"id":270846,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1065/pdf/ofr20131065_table1.pdf"},{"id":270847,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr2013-1065_manure_2002"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,24.52 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -66.95,49.0 ], [ -66.95,24.52 ], [ -124.79,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd59e4b0ec0efb666ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045305,"text":"ofr20131012 - 2013 - Simplified stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T09:45:33","indexId":"ofr20131012","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1012","title":"Simplified stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Thirteen stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of northwestern Colorado are presented in this report. Originally published in a much larger and more detailed form by Self and others (2010), they are shown here in simplified, page-size versions that are easily accessed and used for presentation purposes. Modifications to the original versions include the elimination of the detailed lithologic columns and oil-yield histograms from Fischer assay data and the addition of ground-surface lines to give the depth of the various oil shale units shown on the cross section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131012","usgsCitation":"Dietrich, J.D., and Johnson, R.C., 2013, Simplified stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1012, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131012.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131012.gif"},{"id":270680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1012/"},{"id":270681,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1012/OF13-1012.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51652a5fe4b077fa94dadf53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietrich, John D.","contributorId":53841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045276,"text":"ofr20131072 - 2013 - Preliminary estimates of the quantities of rare-earth elements contained in selected products and in imports of semimanufactured products to the United States, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T13:35:43","indexId":"ofr20131072","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1072","title":"Preliminary estimates of the quantities of rare-earth elements contained in selected products and in imports of semimanufactured products to the United States, 2010","docAbstract":"Rare-earth elements (REEs) are contained in a wide range of products of economic and strategic importance to the Nation. The REEs may or may not represent a significant component of that product by mass, value, or volume; however, in many cases, the embedded REEs are critical for the device’s function. Domestic sources of primary supply and the manufacturing facilities to produce products are inadequate to meet U.S. requirements; therefore, a significant percentage of the supply of REEs and the products that contain them are imported to the United States. In 2011, mines in China produced roughly 97 percent of the world’s supply of REEs, and the country’s production of these elements will likely dominate global supply until at least 2020. Preliminary estimates of the types and amount of rare-earth elements, reported as oxides, in semimanufactured form and the amounts used for electric vehicle batteries, catalytic converters, computers, and other applications were developed to provide a perspective on the Nation’s use of these elements. The amount of rare-earth metals recovered from recycling, remanufacturing, and reuse is negligible when the tonnage of products that contain REEs deposited in landfills and retained in storage is considered. Under favorable market conditions, the recovery of REEs from obsolete products could potentially displace a portion of the supply from primary sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131072","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., and Gambogi, J., 2013, Preliminary estimates of the quantities of rare-earth elements contained in selected products and in imports of semimanufactured products to the United States, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1072, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131072.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131072.gif"},{"id":270654,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1072/"},{"id":270655,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1072/OFR2013-1072.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163d8dbe4b0b7010f82013d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gambogi, Joseph 0000-0002-5719-2280 jgambogi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-2280","contributorId":4424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gambogi","given":"Joseph","email":"jgambogi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045268,"text":"ofr20131054 - 2013 - User’s manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Water-Quality System","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":76959,"text":"ofr20061145 - 2006 - User's manual for the National Water Information Systemof the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Quality System","indexId":"ofr20061145","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for the National Water Information Systemof the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Quality System"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70045268,"text":"ofr20131054 - 2013 - User’s manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Water-Quality System","indexId":"ofr20131054","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"User’s manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Water-Quality System"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-05T15:10:28","indexId":"ofr20131054","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1054","title":"User’s manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Water-Quality System","docAbstract":"This user documentation is designed to be a reference for the quality of water (QW) programs within the National Water Information System (NWIS). If you are a new user, the “Introduction” and “Getting Started” sections may be the right place for you to start. If you are an experienced user, you may want to go straight to the details provided in the “Program” section (section 3). Code lists and some miscellaneous reference materials are provided in the Appendices. The last section, “Tip Sheets,” is a collection of suggestions for accomplishing selected tasks, some of which are basic and some are advanced. These tip sheets are referenced in the main text of the documentation where appropriate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131054","collaboration":"National Water Information System","usgsCitation":"Dupré, D., Scott, J.C., Clark, M.L., Canova, M., and Stoker, Y.E., 2013, User’s manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Water-Quality System (Water-Quality System, Version 5.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1054, iv, 730 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131054.","productDescription":"iv, 730 p.","numberOfPages":"771","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":450,"text":"National Water Information System","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131054.bmp"},{"id":270602,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1054/"},{"id":270603,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1054/pdf/OFR2013-1054_NWIS_ver5.pdf"}],"country":"United States","edition":"Water-Quality System, Version 5.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515fe728e4b03707eea09d05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupré, David H.","contributorId":13505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupré","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Jonathon C. jcscott@usgs.gov","contributorId":5449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Jonathon","email":"jcscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canova, Michael G. mcanova@usgs.gov","contributorId":3834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canova","given":"Michael G.","email":"mcanova@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stoker, Yvonne E. ystoker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Yvonne","email":"ystoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045263,"text":"ofr20131045 - 2013 - Soil data from fire and permafrost-thaw chronosequences in upland Picea mariana stands near Hess Creek and Tok, interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T17:50:50","indexId":"ofr20131045","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1045","title":"Soil data from fire and permafrost-thaw chronosequences in upland Picea mariana stands near Hess Creek and Tok, interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Soils of the Northern Circumpolar Permafrost region harbor 1,672 petagrams (Pg) (1 Pg = 1,000,000,000 kilograms) of organic carbon (OC), nearly 50 percent of the global belowground OC pool (Tarnocai and others, 2009). Of that soil OC, nearly 88 percent is presently stored in perennially frozen ground. Recent climate warming at northern latitudes has resulted in warming and thawing of permafrost in many regions (Osterkamp, 2007), which might mobilize OC stocks from associated soil reservoirs via decomposition, leaching, or erosion. Warming also has increased the magnitude and severity of wildfires in the boreal region (Turetsky and others, 2011), which might exacerbate rates of permafrost degradation relative to warming alone. Given the size and vulnerability of the soil OC pool in permafrost soils, permafrost thaw will likely function as a strong positive feedback to the climate system (Koven and others, 2011; Schaefer and others, 2011).\n\nIn this report, we report soil OC inventories from two upland fire chronosequences located near Hess Creek and Tok in Interior Alaska. We sampled organic and mineral soils in the top 2 meters (m) across a range of stand ages to evaluate the effects of wildfire and permafrost thaw on soil C dynamics. These data were used to parameterize a simple process-based fire-permafrost-carbon model, which is described in detail by O’Donnell and others (2011a, b). Model simulations examine long-term changes in soil OC storage in response to fire, permafrost thaw, and climate change. These data also have been used in other papers, including Harden and others (2012), which examines C recovery post-fire, and Johnson and others (2011), which synthesizes data within the Alaska Soil Carbon Database. Findings from these studies highlight the importance of climate and disturbance (wildfire, permafrost thaw) on soil C storage, and loss of soil C from high-latitude ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131045","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., Jorgenson, M., Kanevskiy, M., and Xu, X., 2013, Soil data from fire and permafrost-thaw chronosequences in upland Picea mariana stands near Hess Creek and Tok, interior Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1045, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131045.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":555,"text":"Soil Biogeochemistry Group","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131045.gif"},{"id":270591,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1045/data"},{"id":270589,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1045/"},{"id":270590,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1045/of2013-1045_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Hess Creek;Tok","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f7e4b088aa2258092a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":40486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail","contributorId":60511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, Xiaomei","contributorId":32055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Xiaomei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045247,"text":"ofr20131080 - 2013 - Detection of environmental DNA of Bigheaded Carps in samples collected from selected locations in the St. Croix River and in the Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T10:29:27","indexId":"ofr20131080","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1080","title":"Detection of environmental DNA of Bigheaded Carps in samples collected from selected locations in the St. Croix River and in the Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The use of molecular methods, such as the detection of environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA), have become an increasingly popular tool in surveillance programs that monitor for the presence of invasive species in aquatic systems. One early application of these methods in aquatic systems was surveillance for DNA of Asian carps (specifically bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix) in water samples taken from the Chicago Area Waterway System. The ability to identify DNA of a species in an environmental sample presents a potentially powerful tool because these sensitive analyses can presumably detect the presence of DNA in water even when the species is not abundant or are difficult to catch or monitor with traditional gear. Prior to research presented in this report, an initial eDNA surveillance effort was completed in selected locations in the Upper Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers in 2011 after the capture of a bighead carp in the St. Croix River near Prescott, WI. Data presented in this report were developed to duplicate the 2011 monitoring results from the Upper Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers and to provide critical insight into the technique to inform future work in these locations. We specifically sought to understand the potential confounding effects of other pathways of eDNA movement (e.g., fish-eating birds, watercraft) on the variation in background DNA by collecting water samples from (1) sites within the St. Croix River and the upper Mississippi River where the DNA of silver carp was previously detected, (2) sites considered to be free of Asian carp, and (3) a site known to have a large population of Asian carp. We also sought to establish a baseline Asian carp eDNA signature to which future eDNA sampling efforts could be compared. All samples taken as part of this effort were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to procedures outlined in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Quality Assurance Project Plan with minor deviations designed to enhance the rigor of our data. Presence of DNA in PCR-positive samples was confirmed by Sanger sequencing (forward and reverse) and sequences were considered positive only if sequences (forward and reverse) of ≥150 base pairs had a match of ≥95% to those of published sequences for bighead carp or silver carp. The DNA of bighead carp and silver carp was not detected in environmental samples collected above and below St. Croix Falls Dam on the St. Croix River, above and below the Coon Rapids Dam and below Lock and Dam 1 on the Upper Mississippi River, and from two negative control lakes, Square Lake and Lake Riley. The DNA of silver carp was detected in environmental samples collected below Lock and Dam 19 at Keokuk, Iowa, a reach of the river with high silver carp abundance. The portion (68%) of environmental samples taken below Lock and Dam 19 that were determined to contain the DNA of silver carp was similar to that reported in the scientific literature for other abundant species. The DNA of bighead carp, however, was not detected in environmental samples collected below Lock and Dam 19, a reach of the river known to have bighead carp. Previous reported detections of the DNA of silver carp in samples collected in 2011 were not replicated in this study. Additional analyses are planned for the DNA extracted from the samples collected in 2012. Those analyses may provide additional information regarding the lack of amplification of bighead carp DNA and the lengths of the sequences of silver carp DNA present in samples taken below Lock and Dam 19. These additional analyses may help inform the use of eDNA monitoring in large, complex systems like the Mississippi River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131080","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the University of Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Amberg, J., McCalla, S., Miller, L., Sorensen, P., and Gaikowski, M.P., 2013, Detection of environmental DNA of Bigheaded Carps in samples collected from selected locations in the St. Croix River and in the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1080, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131080.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131080.gif"},{"id":270562,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1080/"},{"id":270563,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1080/pdf/OFR2013-1080.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f3e4b088aa22580916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon J.","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCalla, S. Grace smccalla@usgs.gov","contributorId":4897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCalla","given":"S. Grace","email":"smccalla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Loren","contributorId":52058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Loren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorensen, Peter","contributorId":9935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045246,"text":"ofr20131079 - 2013 - Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2011 - February 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T07:20:20","indexId":"ofr20131079","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1079","title":"Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2011 - February 2012","docAbstract":"The movements and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon implanted with acoustic transmitters and passive integrated transponder tags were studied at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, near Springfield, Oregon. The purpose of the study was to provide information to aid with decisions about potential alternatives for improving downstream passage conditions for juvenile salmonids in this flood-control reservoir. In 2011, a total of 411 hatchery fish and 26 wild fish were tagged and released during a 3-month period in the spring, and another 356 hatchery fish and 117 wild fish were released during a 3-month period in the fall. A series of 16 autonomous hydrophones throughout the reservoir and 12 hydrophones in a collective system near the dam outlet were used to determine general movements and dam passage of the fish over the life of the acoustic transmitter, which was expected to be about 3 months. Movements within the reservoir were directional, and it was common for fish to migrate repeatedly from the head of the reservoir downstream to the dam outlet and back to the head of the reservoir. Most fish were detected near the temperature control tower at least once. The median time from release near the head of the reservoir to detection within about 100 meters of the dam outlet at the temperature control tower was between 5.7 and 10.8 days, depending on season and fish origin. Dam passage events occurred over a wider range of dates in the spring and summer than in the fall and winter, but dam passage numbers were greatest during the fall and winter. A total of 10.5 percent (43 of 411) of the hatchery fish and 15.4 percent (4 of 26) of the wild fish released in the spring are assumed to have passed the dam, whereas a total of 25.3 percent (90 of 356) of the hatchery fish and 16.9 percent (30 of 117) of the wild fish released in the fall are assumed to have passed the dam. A small number of fish passed the dam after their transmitters had stopped working and were detected at passive integrated transponder detectors at various locations downstream of the dam, indicating some tagged fish passed the dam undetected. The rate of dam passage was affected by diel period, discharge, and reservoir elevation. Diel period was the most influential factor of those examined, with nighttime dam passage rates about 9 times greater than daytime rates, depending on the distance of fish from the dam outlet. Dam passage rates also were positively related to dam discharge, and negatively related to reservoir elevation. In the operational condition used as an example, fish approached the dam outlet at the temperature control tower from the south and east and, when most fish got near the tower, they were directly in front of it. In many cases, the results for wild and hatchery fish were similar, or the results suggested hatchery fish could be reasonable surrogates for wild fish. Hatchery-origin and wild-origin fish behaved similarly in the following ways: their general movements in the reservoir; the timing of their dam passage; and the effects of diel period, discharge, and elevation on their passage rates. Parasitic copepods were present on most wild fish examined, and the mortality of wild fish during capture, handling and tagging was much greater than that of hatchery fish. This suggests that the ability of wild fish to cope with stressors may be less than that of fish directly from the hatchery.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, A.C., Haner, P.V., Sprando, J.M., Smith, C., Evans, S.D., and Hatton, T., 2013, Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2011 - February 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1079, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131079.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-03-01","temporalEnd":"2012-02-29","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131079.png"},{"id":270547,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1079/"},{"id":270548,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1079/pdf/ofr20131079.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2463,44.0565 ], [ -122.2463,44.1292 ], [ -122.205,44.1292 ], [ -122.205,44.0565 ], [ -122.2463,44.0565 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515d415ee4b0803bd2eec4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haner, Philip V. 0000-0001-6940-487X phaner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-487X","contributorId":2364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"Philip","email":"phaner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprando, Jamie M. jsprando@usgs.gov","contributorId":4005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"Jamie","email":"jsprando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":7915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin D.","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hatton, Tyson W. 0000-0002-2874-0719","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2874-0719","contributorId":9112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatton","given":"Tyson W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70045202,"text":"ofr20131046 - 2013 - Comparison of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organochlorine pesticides in Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T10:10:46","indexId":"ofr20131046","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1046","title":"Comparison of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organochlorine pesticides in Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","docAbstract":"Recently, the relative exposure of Pacific sanddab (<i>Citharichthys sordidus</i>) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at oil-production platforms was reported, indicating negligible exposure to PAHs and no discernible differences between exposures at platforms and nearby natural areas sites. In this report, the potential for chronic PAH exposure in fish is reported, by measurement of recalcitrant, higher molecular weight PAHs in tissues of fish previously investigated for PAH metabolites in bile. A total of 34 PAHs (20 PAHs, 11 alkylated PAHs, and 3 polycyclic aromatic thiophenes) were targeted. In addition, legacy contaminants—polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs),—and current contaminants, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) linked to endocrine disruption, were measured by gas chromatography with electron-capture or mass spectrometric detection, to form a more complete picture of the contaminant-related status of fishes at oil production platforms in the Southern California Bight. No hydrocarbon profiles or unresolved complex hydrocarbon background were found in fish from platforms and from natural areas, and concentrations of aliphatics were low less than 100 nanograms per gram (ng/g) per component]. Total-PAH concentrations in fish ranged from 15 to 37 ng/g at natural areas and from 8.7 to 22 ng/g at platforms. Profiles of PAHs were similar at all natural and platform sites, consisting mainly of naphthalene and methylnaphthalenes, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. Total-PCB concentrations (excluding non-ortho-chloro-substituted congeners) in fish were low, ranging from 7 to 22 ng/g at natural areas and from 10 to 35 ng/g at platforms. About 50 percent of the total-PCBs at all sites consisted of 11 congeners: 153 > 138/163/164 > 110 > 118 > 15 > 99 > 187 > 149 > 180. Most OCPs, except dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-related compounds, were not detectable or were at concentrations of less than 1 ng/g in fish. <i>p,p′</i>-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (<i>p,p′</i>-DDE) ranged from 5.6 to 33 ng/g at natural areas and from 17 to 76 ng/g at platforms, and comprised greater than 90 percent of the total-DDT concentrations at all sites. The only detectable PBDE congeners were PBDE-47 and PBDE-100, the total concentrations of which ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 ng/g at natural areas and from 0.5 to 3.0 ng/g at platforms. Total-PAH, -PCB, and -DDT concentrations were compared with other Southern California Bight studies involving shoreline mussel, (<i>Mytilus</i> Species, Kimbrough and others, 2008) and near shore sampling (Pacific sanddab, Schiff and Allen, 2000). At corresponding sites, only total-PCB concentrations agreed well with results from this study; total-DDT concentrations were generally much lower than concentrations documented in previous studies for samples collected nearer to shore by sewage treatment outfalls or 14 years earlier or closer in time to when DDT production was halted (1970). Natural areas and platforms in the Bight do not appear to be affected by harbor or urban pollution. Platforms were no more polluted than the nearby natural areas, with these locations exhibiting only low concentrations of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, and other contaminants.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Gale, R.W., Tanner, M.J., Love, M., Nishimoto, M.M., and Schroeder, D.M., 2013, Comparison of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organochlorine pesticides in Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1046, Report: vi, 34 p.; Supplemental tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131046.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Supplemental tables","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131046.gif"},{"id":270452,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1046/ofr2013-1046.pdf"},{"id":270453,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1046/downloads/supplemental_tables.xlsx"},{"id":270451,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1046/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California Bight","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.28,33.09 ], [ -120.28,34.46 ], [ -118.12,34.46 ], [ -118.12,33.09 ], [ -120.28,33.09 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515befdce4b075500ee5c9fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Michael J.","contributorId":55115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":74652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishimoto, Mary M.","contributorId":54083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimoto","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroeder, Donna M.","contributorId":67604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045175,"text":"ofr20131074 - 2013 - Change in the length of the northern section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, September 5, 2010, through September 3, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-01T13:38:52","indexId":"ofr20131074","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1074","title":"Change in the length of the northern section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, September 5, 2010, through September 3, 2012","docAbstract":"On April 20, 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig drilling at the Macondo Prospect site in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a marine oil spill that continued to flow through July 15, 2010. One of the affected areas was the Breton National Wildlife Refuge, which consists of a chain of low-lying islands, including Breton Island and the Chandeleur Islands, and their surrounding waters. The island chain is located approximately 115–150 kilometers north-northwest of the spill site. A sand berm was constructed seaward of, and on, the island chain. Construction began at the northern end of the Chandeleur Islands in June 2010 and ended in April 2011. The berm consisted of three distinct sections based on where the berm was placed relative to the islands. The northern section of the berm was built in open water on a submerged portion of the Chandeleur Islands platform. The middle section was built approximately 70–90 meters seaward of the Chandeleur Islands. The southern section was built on the islands’ beaches. Repeated Landsat and SPOT satellite imagery and airborne lidar were used to observe the disintegration of the berm over time. The methods used to analyze the remotely sensed data and the resulting, derived data for the northern section are described in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131074","usgsCitation":"Plant, N., and Guy, K.K., 2013, Change in the length of the northern section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, September 5, 2010, through September 3, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1074, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131074.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-09-05","temporalEnd":"2012-09-03","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270421,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1074/pdf/ofr2013-1074.pdf"},{"id":270422,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1074/"},{"id":270423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131074.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Louisiana;Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.560547,29.084977 ], [ -89.560547,30.47945 ], [ -88.041687,30.47945 ], [ -88.041687,29.084977 ], [ -89.560547,29.084977 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515a9e5de4b0105540728a1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, K. K.","contributorId":24393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045174,"text":"ofr20131031 - 2013 - Effects of equipment performance on data quality from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network and the Mercury Deposition Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-01T12:49:10","indexId":"ofr20131031","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1031","title":"Effects of equipment performance on data quality from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network and the Mercury Deposition Network","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Quality Systems operates the Precipitation Chemistry Quality Assurance project (PCQA) to provide independent, external quality-assurance for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). NADP is composed of five monitoring networks that measure the chemical composition of precipitation and ambient air. PCQA and the NADP Program Office completed five short-term studies to investigate the effects of equipment performance with respect to the National Trends Network (NTN) and Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) data quality: sample evaporation from NTN collectors; sample volume and mercury loss from MDN collectors; mercury adsorption to MDN collector glassware, grid-type precipitation sensors for precipitation collectors, and the effects of an NTN collector wind shield on sample catch efficiency. Sample-volume evaporation from an NTN Aerochem Metrics (ACM) collector ranged between 1.1–33 percent with a median of 4.7 percent. The results suggest that weekly NTN sample evaporation is small relative to sample volume. MDN sample evaporation occurs predominantly in western and southern regions of the United States (U.S.) and more frequently with modified ACM collectors than with N-CON Systems Inc. collectors due to differences in airflow through the collectors. Variations in mercury concentrations, measured to be as high as 47.5 percent per week with a median of 5 percent, are associated with MDN sample-volume loss. Small amounts of mercury are also lost from MDN samples by adsorption to collector glassware irrespective of collector type. MDN 11-grid sensors were found to open collectors sooner, keep them open longer, and cause fewer lid cycles than NTN 7-grid sensors. Wind shielding an NTN ACM collector resulted in collection of larger quantities of precipitation while also preserving sample integrity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131031","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., and Rhodes, M.F., 2013, Effects of equipment performance on data quality from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network and the Mercury Deposition Network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1031, ix, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131031.","productDescription":"ix, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131031.gif"},{"id":270415,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1031/"},{"id":270416,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1031/OF13-1031.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515a9e5ee4b0105540728a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhodes, Mark F.","contributorId":17360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045178,"text":"ofr20131075 - 2013 - Change in the length of the middle section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, November 17, 2010, through September 6, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-01T14:06:26","indexId":"ofr20131075","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1075","title":"Change in the length of the middle section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, November 17, 2010, through September 6, 2011","docAbstract":"On April 20, 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig drilling at the Macondo Prospect site in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a marine oil spill that continued to flow through July 15, 2010. One of the affected areas was the Breton National Wildlife Refuge, which consists of a chain of low-lying islands, including Breton Island and the Chandeleur Islands, and their surrounding waters. The island chain is located approximately 115-150 kilometers north-northwest of the spill site. A sand berm was constructed seaward of, and on, the island chain. Construction began at the northern end of the Chandeleur Islands in June 2010 and ended in April 2011. The berm consisted of three distinct sections based on where the berm was placed relative to the islands. The northern section of the berm was built in open water on a submerged portion of the Chandeleur Islands platform. The middle section was built approximately 70-90 meters seaward of the Chandeleur Islands. The southern section was built on the islands' beaches. Repeated Landsat and SPOT satellite imagery and airborne lidar were used to observe the disintegration of the berm over time. The methods used to analyze the remotely sensed data and the resulting, derived data for the middle section are described in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131075","usgsCitation":"Plant, N., and Guy, K.K., 2013, Change in the length of the middle section of the Chandeleur Islands oil berm, November 17, 2010, through September 6, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1075, iii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131075.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-11-17","temporalEnd":"2011-09-06","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131075.gif"},{"id":270426,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1075/"},{"id":270425,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1075/pdf/ofr2013-1075.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Louisiana;Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5605,28.8206 ], [ -89.5605,30.4794 ], [ -88.0417,30.4794 ], [ -88.0417,28.8206 ], [ -89.5605,28.8206 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515a9e4fe4b0105540728a16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, K. K.","contributorId":24393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045021,"text":"ofr20121225 - 2013 - Web-based flood database for Colorado, water years 1867 through 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-27T09:10:10","indexId":"ofr20121225","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1225","title":"Web-based flood database for Colorado, water years 1867 through 2011","docAbstract":"In order to provide a centralized repository of flood information for the State of Colorado, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation, created a Web-based geodatabase for flood information from water years 1867 through 2011 and data for paleofloods occurring in the past 5,000 to 10,000 years. The geodatabase was created using the Environmental Systems Research Institute ArcGIS JavaScript Application Programing Interface 3.2. The database can be accessed at http://cwscpublic2.cr.usgs.gov/projects/coflood/COFloodMap.html.\n\nData on 6,767 flood events at 1,597 individual sites throughout Colorado were compiled to generate the flood database. The data sources of flood information are indirect discharge measurements that were stored in U.S. Geological Survey offices (water years 1867–2011), flood data from indirect discharge measurements referenced in U.S. Geological Survey reports (water years 1884–2011), paleoflood studies from six peer-reviewed journal articles (data on events occurring in the past 5,000 to 10,000 years), and the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System peak-discharge database (water years 1883–2010). A number of tests were performed on the flood database to ensure the quality of the data. The Web interface was programmed using the Environmental Systems Research Institute ArcGIS JavaScript Application Programing Interface 3.2, which allows for display, query, georeference, and export of the data in the flood database. The data fields in the flood database used to search and filter the database include hydrologic unit code, U.S. Geological Survey station number, site name, county, drainage area, elevation, data source, date of flood, peak discharge, and field method used to determine discharge. Additional data fields can be viewed and exported, but the data fields described above are the only ones that can be used for queries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121225","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Kohn, M.S., Jarrett, R.D., Krammes, G.S., and Mommandi, A., 2013, Web-based flood database for Colorado, water years 1867 through 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1225, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121225.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1867-09-30","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121225.gif"},{"id":270310,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1225/"},{"id":270311,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1225/OF12-1225-508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515406e1e4b030c71ee06717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohn, Michael S. 0000-0002-5989-7700 mkohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-7700","contributorId":4549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Michael","email":"mkohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krammes, Gary S. gkrammes@usgs.gov","contributorId":5102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krammes","given":"Gary","email":"gkrammes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mommandi, Amanullah","contributorId":40874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mommandi","given":"Amanullah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045004,"text":"ofr20131040 - 2013 - Preliminary assessment of bioengineered fringing shoreline reefs in Grand Isle and Breton Sound, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T13:56:33","indexId":"ofr20131040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1040","title":"Preliminary assessment of bioengineered fringing shoreline reefs in Grand Isle and Breton Sound, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Restoration of three-dimensional shell habitats in coastal Louisiana presents a valuable and potentially self-sustaining approach to providing shoreline protection and critical nekton habitat and may contribute to water quality maintenance. The use of what has been called “living shorelines” is particularly promising because in addition to the hypothesized shoreline protection services, it is predicted that, if built and located in viable sites, these living shorelines may ultimately contribute to water quality maintenance through filtration of bivalves and may enhance nekton habitat. This approach, however, has not been tested extensively in different shallow water estuarine settings; understanding under what conditions a living shoreline must have to support a sustainable oyster population, and where these reefs may provide valuable shoreline protection, is key to ensuring that this approach provides an effective tool for coastal restoration. This project gathered preliminary data on the sustainability and shoreline stabilization of three large bioengineered fringing reefs located in Grand Isle, Lake Eloi, and Lake Fortuna, Louisiana. We collected preconstruction and postconstruction physiochemical and biological data by using a before-after-control-impact approach to evaluate the effectiveness of these living shoreline structures on reducing marsh erosion, enabling reef sustainability, and providing other ecosystem benefits. Although this project was originally designed to compare reef performance and impacts across three different locations over 2 years, delays in construction because of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in reefs being built from 12 to 18 months later than anticipated. As a result, monitoring postconstruction was severely limited. One reef, Grand Isle, was completed in March 2011 and monitored up to 18 months postcreation, whereas Lake Eloi and Lake Fortuna reefs were not completed until January 2012, and only 8 months of postconstruction data are available. Data for the latter two sites thus reflect only the 2012 spring/summer seasons, which were further impacted by a direct hit by Hurricane Isaac in August 2012, which resulted in shoreward movement of approximately 14 percent of the bioengineered structures at Lake Fortuna. Given the shortened monitoring timeframe and significant differences in construction schedules, we were not able to provide a full postconstruction assessment of the sites or a full comparison of site success based on local site characteristics. Because many of the impacts that were identified for monitoring reflect long-term processes, results and data presented should be interpreted cautiously. Sustainable oyster reefs require recruitment, growth, and survival at a rate that keeps pace with mortality and shell disarticulation. Although one site failed to recruit (establishment plus survival > 50 millimeters [mm]) over two spawning seasons, two sites only had 6 months postconstruction data available for assessment. Although there are good data on the requirements for oyster growth, there is limited explicit information on the site-specific water quality, hydrodynamic, and biological interaction effects that may determine successful reef establishment. Furthermore, interannual variability can significantly affect reef establishment, and our shortened timeframe of sampling (less than one spawning season for two of the reefs; two spawning seasons for one reef), combined with a lack of prerestoration monitoring data, limit our ability to draw any conclusions about long-term reef sustainability. Bioengineered reefs are thought to provide some benefits to shoreline stabilization through their structure by immediately attenuating wave energies and directly reducing erosion rates at shorelines sheltered by the reefs but also by increasing sediment deposition behind the reefs. Preliminary data indicate differences in reef impact by site; given the short timeframe of postconstruction data at two of the sites, and differences in reef placement between sites, however, it is difficult to draw any conclusions. Longer-term data collection and further analyses comparing reef placement; local wind, wave energy, sediment transport processes; and local bathymetry may help in parameterizing sites where fringing reefs may be most beneficial for shoreline protection. In addition to basic reef sustainability and shoreline stabilization, we measured both water quality parameters and nekton abundances around the newly created reefs and adjacent reference sites. Within the timeframe of monitoring, no effect of reefs on water quality was detected at any site. Given that water quality effects are hypothesized to result from the filtration activities of bivalves, and reefs either failed to recruit (settlement plus survival to > 50 mm) or successfully recruited but only had a couple months of growth prior to this report, it was not expected that an effect would be detectable in this timeframe. Nekton such as blue crab, gulf menhaden, and anchovies were found to be more abundant on the reefs; larger, more transient species were not found to be affected by reef presence. Future work examining smaller organisms and juveniles, including more explicit studies examining why and how these organisms preferentially use oyster reefs, would be useful in the design of other bioengineered reefs and help in understanding the role of the reefs in supporting the nekton community. It is clear from the initial work that ensuring correct site selection by better understanding what local site factors influence oyster populations is key to establishing successful living shoreline reefs. Ultimately, the success of the reefs in providing any ecosystem service relies on their ability to build a viable oyster population that is self-sustaining over the long term. As many of the ecosystem processes hypothesized to result from reefs develop over the long term (4–6 years), some level of monitoring over the next few years is highly recommended in order to accurately assess the long term viability of the reefs, their provision of ecosystem services, and to provide better guidance for future projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Schwarting, L., and Miller, S., 2013, Preliminary assessment of bioengineered fringing shoreline reefs in Grand Isle and Breton Sound, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1040, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131040.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131040.gif"},{"id":270143,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1040/OFR13-1040.pdf"},{"id":270144,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1040/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound;Grand Isle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.7526,28.9553 ], [ -90.7526,30.1784 ], [ -89.1431,30.1784 ], [ -89.1431,28.9553 ], [ -90.7526,28.9553 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152b563e4b01197b08e9be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarting, Lindsay","contributorId":56125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarting","given":"Lindsay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Shea","contributorId":103544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045003,"text":"ofr20131053 - 2013 - Baseline data for evaluating development trajectory and provision of ecosystem services of created fringing oyster reefs in Vermilion Bay, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T13:40:29","indexId":"ofr20131053","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1053","title":"Baseline data for evaluating development trajectory and provision of ecosystem services of created fringing oyster reefs in Vermilion Bay, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Understanding the time frame in which ecosystem services (that is, water quality maintenance, shoreline protection, habitat provision) are expected to be provided is important when restoration projects are being designed and implemented. Restoration of three-dimensional shell habitats in coastal Louisiana and elsewhere presents a valuable and potentially self-sustaining approach to providing shoreline protection, enhancing nekton habitat, and providing water quality maintenance. As with most restoration projects, the development of expected different ecosystem services often occurs over varying time frames, with some services provided immediately and others taking longer to develop.\n\nThis project was designed initially to compare the provision and development of ecosystem services by created fringing shoreline reefs in subtidal and intertidal environments in Vermilion Bay, Louisiana. Specifically, the goal was to test the null hypothesis that over time, the oyster recruitment and development of a sustainable oyster reef community would be similar at both intertidal and subtidal reef bases, and these sustainable reefs would in time provide similar shoreline stabilization, nekton habitat, and water quality services over similar time frames. Because the ecosystem services hypothesized to be provided by oyster reefs reflect long-term processes, fully testing the above-stated null hypothesis requires a longer-time frame than this project allowed. As such, this project was designed to provide the initial data on reef development and provision of ecosystem services, to identify services that may develop immediately, and to provide baseline data to allow for longer-term follow up studies tracking reef development over time.\n\nUnfortunately, these initially created reef bases (subtidal, intertidal) were not constructed as planned because of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, which resulted in reef duplicates being created 6 months apart. Further confounding the project were additional construction and restoration projects along the same shorelines which occurred between 2011 and June 2012. Because of constant activity near and around the reefs and continuing construction, development trajectories could not be compared among reef types at this time. This report presents the data collected at the sites over 3 years (2010–2012), describing only conditions and trends. In addition, these data provide an extensive and detailed dataset documenting initial conditions and initial ecosystem changes which will prove valuable in future data collection and analyses of reef development at this site.\n\nData collection characterized the local water quality conditions (salinity, temperature, total suspended sediments, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a), adjacent marsh vegetation, soils, and shoreline position along the project shoreline at Vermilion Bay. During the study, marsh vegetation and soil characteristics were similar across the study area and did not change over time. Shoreline movement indicated shoreline loss at all sites, which varied by reefs. Water quality conditions followed expected seasonal patterns for this region, and no significant nonseasonal changes were measured throughout the study period. Despite oyster recruitment in fall 2010 and 2011, few if any oysters survived from the 2010 year class to 2012. At the last sampling of this project, some oysters recruited in fall 2011 survived through 2012, resulting in an on-reef density of 18.3 ± 2.1 individuals per square meter (mean size: 85.6 ± 2.2 millimeters). Because project goals were to compare reef development and provision of ecosystem services over time, as well as many of the processes identified for monitoring reflect long-term processes, results and data are presented only qualitatively, and trends or observations should be interpreted cautiously at this point. Measurable system responses to reef establishment require more time than was available for this study. These data provide a valuable baseline that can be ultimately used to help inform site selections for future restoration projects as well to further investigate the development trajectories of ecosystem provision of created reefs in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Schwarting, L., and Miller, S., 2013, Baseline data for evaluating development trajectory and provision of ecosystem services of created fringing oyster reefs in Vermilion Bay, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1053, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131053.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131053.gif"},{"id":270140,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1053/"},{"id":270141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1053/OFR13-1053.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Vermilion Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.214068,29.605755 ], [ -92.214068,29.857735 ], [ -91.783144,29.857735 ], [ -91.783144,29.605755 ], [ -92.214068,29.605755 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152b552e4b01197b08e9bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarting, Lindsay","contributorId":56125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarting","given":"Lindsay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Shea","contributorId":103544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044931,"text":"ofr20131025 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Allegheny and Susquehanna Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004--2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T09:27:57","indexId":"ofr20131025","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1025","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Allegheny and Susquehanna Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004--2010","docAbstract":"Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Coalbed methane, which is sometimes extracted using the same technique, is commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and is frequently developed in clusters of wells across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Allegheny County and Susquehanna County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131025","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., Milheim, L., Roig-Silva, C., and Malizia, A., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Allegheny and Susquehanna Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004--2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1025, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131025.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131025.gif"},{"id":269978,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1025/"},{"id":269979,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1025/OFR2013_1025.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Allegheny County;Susquehanna County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.616,39.8197 ], [ -80.616,42.4619 ], [ -75.1771,42.4619 ], [ -75.1771,39.8197 ], [ -80.616,39.8197 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515163e6e4b087909f0bbe4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E.T.","contributorId":41132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milheim, L.E.","contributorId":106320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roig-Silva, C.M.","contributorId":45176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig-Silva","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malizia, A.R.","contributorId":98991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malizia","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044917,"text":"ofr20121014 - 2013 - Regional economic impacts of current and proposed management alternatives for Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T15:15:39","indexId":"ofr20121014","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1014","title":"Regional economic impacts of current and proposed management alternatives for Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 requires all units of the National Wildlife Refuge System to be managed under a Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP). The CCP must describe the desired future conditions of a refuge and provide long-range guidance and management direction to achieve refuge purposes. Charles M. Russell (CMR) National Wildlife Refuge, located in north-central Montana, is in the process of developing a range of management goals, objectives, and strategies for the CCP. The CCP for the Refuge must contain an analysis of expected effects associated with current and proposed refuge-management strategies.\n\nFor refuge CCP planning, an economic analysis provides a means of estimating how current management (No Action Alternative) and proposed management activities (Alternatives) affect the local economy. This type of analysis provides two critical pieces of information: (1) it illustrates a refuge’s contribution to the local community; and (2) it can help in determining whether economic effects are or are not a real concern in choosing among management alternatives.\n\nIt is important to note that the economic value of a refuge encompasses more than just the impacts on the regional economy. Refuges also provide substantial nonmarket values (values for items not exchanged in established markets) such as maintaining endangered species, preserving wetlands, educating future generations, and adding stability to the ecosystem (Carver and Caudill, 2007). However, quantifying these types of nonmarket values is beyond the scope of this study. This report first presents a description of the local community and economy near the Refuge. Next, the methods used to conduct a regional economic impact analysis are described. An analysis of the final CCP management strategies that could affect stakeholders and residents and the local economy is then presented. The refuge management activities of economic concern in this analysis are:\n• Refuge purchases of goods and services within the local community;\n• Refuge personnel salary spending;\n• Grazing operations;\n• Spending in the local community by refuge visitors; and\n• Revenues generated from Refuge Revenue Sharing.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121014","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., Sexton, N., Ishizaki, A., and Ritten, J., 2013, Regional economic impacts of current and proposed management alternatives for Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1014, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121014.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121014.gif"},{"id":269925,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1014/"},{"id":269926,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1014/OF12-1014.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Charles M Russell National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.0,44.4 ], [ -116.0,49.0 ], [ -104.0,49.0 ], [ -104.0,44.4 ], [ -116.0,44.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f324e4b0bc0bec0a07e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie","contributorId":103320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishizaki, Asuka","contributorId":29479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishizaki","given":"Asuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritten, John","contributorId":21585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044712,"text":"ofr20131056 - 2013 - Assessment of mercury and methylmercury in water, sediment, and biota in Sulphur Creek in the vicinity of the Clyde Gold Mine and the Elgin Mercury Mine, Colusa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-21T13:48:02","indexId":"ofr20131056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1056","title":"Assessment of mercury and methylmercury in water, sediment, and biota in Sulphur Creek in the vicinity of the Clyde Gold Mine and the Elgin Mercury Mine, Colusa County, California","docAbstract":"At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, we performed a study during April–July 2010 to characterize mercury (Hg), monomethyl mercury (MMeHg), and other geochemical constituents in sediment, water, and biota at the Clyde Gold Mine and the Elgin Mercury Mine, located in neighboring subwatersheds of Sulphur Creek, Colusa County, California. This study was in support of a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act - Removal Site Investigation. The investigation was in response to an abatement notification from the California Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board to evaluate the release of Hg from the Clyde and Elgin mines. Samples of water, sediment, and biota (aquatic macroinvertebrates) were collected from sites upstream and downstream from the two mine sites to evaluate the level of Hg contamination contributed by each mine to the aquatic ecosystem. Physical parameters, as well as dissolved organic carbon, total Hg (Hg<sub>T</sub>), and MMeHg were analyzed in water and sediment. Other relevant geochemical constituents were analyzed in sediment, filtered water, and unfiltered water. Samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates from each mine were analyzed for Hg<sub>T</sub> and MMeHg. The presence of low to moderate concentrations of Hg<sub>T</sub> and MMeHg in water, sediment, and biota from the Freshwater Branch of Sulphur Creek, and the lack of significant increases in these concentrations downstream from the Clyde Mine indicated that this mine is not a significant source of Hg to the watershed during low flow conditions. Although concentrations of Hg<sub>T</sub> and MMeHg were generally higher in samples of sediment and water from the Elgin Mine compared to the Clyde Mine, concentrations in comparable biota from the two mine areas were similar. It is likely that highly saline effluent from nearby hot springs contribute more Hg to the West Fork of Sulphur Creek than the mine waste material at the Elgin Mine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Rytuba, J.J., Brussee, B.E., and Goldstein, D., 2013, Assessment of mercury and methylmercury in water, sediment, and biota in Sulphur Creek in the vicinity of the Clyde Gold Mine and the Elgin Mercury Mine, Colusa County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1056, viii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131056.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131056.jpg"},{"id":269853,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1056/"},{"id":269854,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1056/pdf/ofr20131056.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Colusa County","otherGeospatial":"Sulphur Creek;Clyde Gold Mine;Elgin Mercury Mine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.785099,38.923908 ], [ -122.785099,39.414632 ], [ -121.795349,39.414632 ], [ -121.795349,38.923908 ], [ -122.785099,38.923908 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"514c1dd9e4b0cf4196fef2c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Daniel N.","contributorId":87671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Daniel N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044650,"text":"ofr20131062 - 2013 - Assessing movement and sources of mortality of juvenile catostomids using passive integrated transponder tags, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - Summary of 2012 effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T14:47:25","indexId":"ofr20131062","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1062","title":"Assessing movement and sources of mortality of juvenile catostomids using passive integrated transponder tags, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - Summary of 2012 effort","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1>\n<p>Survival of juvenile endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers is thought to limit recruitment into the adult populations and ultimately limit the recovery of these species in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Although many hypotheses exist about the sources of mortality, the contribution of each speculated source of mortality has not been examined. To examine causes of mortality, validate estimated age to maturity, and examine movement patterns for juvenile suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and remote tag detection systems were used. Age-1 suckers were opportunistically tagged in 2009 and 2010 during another study on juvenile sucker distribution. After the distribution study concluded in 2010, USGS redirected sampling efforts to target age-1 suckers for tagging. Tags were redetected using an existing infrastructure of remote PIT tag readers and tag scanning surveys at American white pelican (<i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>), double-crested cormorant (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>), and Forster&rsquo;s tern (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>) breeding and loafing areas. Individual fish histories are used to describe the distance, direction, and timing of juvenile sucker movement. Sucker PIT tag detections in the Sprague and Williamson Rivers in mid-summer and in autumn indicate tagged juvenile suckers use these tributaries outside of the known spring spawning season. PIT tags detected in bird habitats indicate predation by birds was a cause of mortality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., 2013, Assessing movement and sources of mortality of juvenile catostomids using passive integrated transponder tags, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - Summary of 2012 effort: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1062, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131062.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269702,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1062/"},{"id":269703,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1062/pdf/ofr20131062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"333 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":269704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131062.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0902,42.1979 ], [ -122.0902,42.5936 ], [ -121.733,42.5936 ], [ -121.733,42.1979 ], [ -122.0902,42.1979 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5149830ae4b0971933f63648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}