Climate affects the design, construction, safety, operations, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure and systems. The prospect of a changing climate raises critical questions regarding how alterations in temperature, precipitation, storm events, and other aspects of the climate could affect the nation's roads, airports, rail, transit systems, pipelines, ports, and waterways. Phase I of this regional assessment of climate change and its potential impacts on transportation systems addresses these questions for the region of the U.S. central Gulf Coast between Galveston, Texas and Mobile, Alabama. This region contains multimodal transportation infrastructure that is critical to regional and national transportation services.
Historical trends and future climate scenarios were used to establish a context for examining the potential effects of climate change on all major transportation modes within the region. Climate changes anticipated during the next 50 to 100 years for the central Gulf Coast include warming temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased storm intensity. The warming of oceans and decline of polar ice sheets is expected to accelerate the rate of sea level rise globally. The effects of sea level rise in most central Gulf Coast counties will be exacerbated by the sinking of the land surface, which is accounted for in this assessment.
The significance of these climate factors for transportation systems was assessed. Warming temperatures are likely to increase the costs of transportation construction, maintenance, and operations. More frequent extreme precipitation events may disrupt transportation networks with flooding and visibility problems. Relative sea level rise will make much of the existing infrastructure more prone to frequent or permanent inundation--27 percent of the major roads, 9 percent of the rail lines, and 72 percent of the ports are built on land at or below 122 cm (4 feet) in elevation. Increased storm intensity may lead to increased service disruption and infrastructure damage: More than half of the area's major highways (64 percent of Interstates; 57 percent of arterials), almost half of the rail miles, 29 airports, and virtually all of the ports are below 7 m (23 feet) in elevation and subject to flooding and possible damage due to hurricane storm surge. Consideration of these factors in today's transportation decisions and planning processes should lead to a more robust, resilient, and cost-effective transportation network in the coming decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Climate Change Science Program","usgsCitation":"Savonis, M.J., Burkett, V., and Potter, J.R., 2008, Impacts of climate change and variability on transportation systems and infrastructure: Gulf Coast study, phase I, 439 p.","productDescription":"439 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/sap-47-impacts-climate-change-and-variability-transportation-systems-and"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -92.3291015625,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 27.293689224852407\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -86.7919921875,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 25.522614647623293\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 25.64152637306577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savonis, Michael J.","contributorId":214784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savonis","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, Joanne R.","contributorId":214783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81087,"text":"sir20085039 - 2008 - Modeling to Predict Escherichia coli at Presque Isle Beach 2, City of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T11:22:18","indexId":"sir20085039","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5039","title":"Modeling to Predict Escherichia coli at Presque Isle Beach 2, City of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Lake Erie beaches in Pennsylvania are a valuable recreational resource for Erie County. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) at monitored beaches in Presque Isle State Park in Erie, Pa., occasionally exceed the single-sample bathing-water standard of 235 colonies per 100 milliliters resulting in potentially unsafe swimming conditions and prompting beach managers to post public advisories or to close beaches to recreation. \r\n\r\nTo supplement the current method for assessing recreational water quality (E. coli concentrations from the previous day), a predictive regression model for E. coli concentrations at Presque Isle Beach 2 was developed from data collected during the 2004 and 2005 recreational seasons. Model output included predicted E. coli concentrations and exceedance probabilities--the probability that E. coli concentrations would exceed the standard. For this study, E. coli concentrations and other water-quality and environmental data were collected during the 2006 recreational season at Presque Isle Beach 2. The data from 2006, an independent year, were used to test (validate) the 2004-2005 predictive regression model and compare the model performance to the current method. Using 2006 data, the 2004-2005 model yielded more correct responses and better predicted exceedances of the standard than the use of E. coli concentrations from the previous day. The differences were not pronounced, however, and more data are needed. For example, the model correctly predicted exceedances of the standard 11 percent of the time (1 out of 9 exceedances that occurred in 2006) whereas using the E. coli concentrations from the previous day did not result in any correctly predicted exceedances. \r\n\r\nAfter validation, new models were developed by adding the 2006 data to the 2004-2005 dataset and by analyzing the data in 2- and 3-year combinations. Results showed that excluding the 2004 data (using 2005 and 2006 data only) yielded the best model. Explanatory variables in the 2005-2006 model were log10 turbidity, bird count, and wave height. The 2005-2006 model correctly predicted when the standard would not be exceeded (specificity) with a response of 95.2 percent (178 out of 187 nonexceedances) and correctly predicted when the standard would be exceeded (sensitivity) with a response of 64.3 percent (9 out of 14 exceedances). In all cases, the results from predictive modeling produced higher percentages of correct predictions than using E. coli concentrations from the previous day. Additional data collected each year can be used to test and possibly improve the model. The results of this study will aid beach managers in more rapidly determining when waters are not safe for recreational use and, subsequently, when to close a beach or post an advisory.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Erie County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, T.M., 2008, Modeling to Predict Escherichia coli at Presque Isle Beach 2, City of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5039, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085039.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10956,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5,41.75 ], [ -80.5,42.5 ], [ -80,42.5 ], [ -80,41.75 ], [ -80.5,41.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae20e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81088,"text":"ofr20081084 - 2008 - Traveltime data for the Truckee River between Tahoe City, California, and Vista, Nevada, 2006 and 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T20:29:05.567445","indexId":"ofr20081084","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1084","title":"Traveltime data for the Truckee River between Tahoe City, California, and Vista, Nevada, 2006 and 2007","docAbstract":"Traveltime measurements were made during 2006 and 2007 along the Truckee River between Tahoe City, Calif., and Vista, Nev. Fluorescent rhodamine WT dye was injected at various locations along the river during streamflows ranging from 143 to 2,660 cubic feet per second.
The resulting data, presented in tabular and graphic form, may be useful to water-quality modelers or water-resources managers concerned with predicting the movement of soluble contaminants accidentally spilled into the Truckee River. The data provided in this report also could be used to determine the dispersion-related characteristics (duration and magnitude of pollutant concentrations) that may be expected in the Truckee River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Truckee Meadows Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Crompton, E.J., 2008, Traveltime data for the Truckee River between Tahoe City, California, and Vista, Nevada, 2006 and 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1084, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081084.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":424388,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83509.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","city":"Tahoe City, Vista","otherGeospatial":"Truckee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.6833,\n 39.5333\n ],\n [\n -120.3,\n 39.5333\n ],\n [\n -120.3,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -119.6833,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -119.6833,\n 39.5333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6269e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crompton, E. James","contributorId":78771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044250,"text":"70044250 - 2008 - SIM_ADJUST -- A computer code that adjusts simulated equivalents for observations or predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T12:22:15","indexId":"70044250","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":177,"text":"Ground Water Modeling Investigation Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"GWMI 2008-01","title":"SIM_ADJUST -- A computer code that adjusts simulated equivalents for observations or predictions","docAbstract":"This report documents the SIM_ADJUST computer code. SIM_ADJUST surmounts an obstacle that is sometimes encountered when using universal model analysis computer codes such as UCODE_2005 (Poeter and others, 2005), PEST (Doherty, 2004), and OSTRICH (Matott, 2005; Fredrick and others (2007). These codes often read simulated equivalents from a list in a file produced by a process model such as MODFLOW that represents a system of interest. At times values needed by the universal code are missing or assigned default values because the process model could not produce a useful solution. SIM_ADJUST can be used to (1) read a file that lists expected observation or prediction names and possible alternatives for the simulated values; (2) read a file produced by a process model that contains space or tab delimited columns, including a column of simulated values and a column of related observation or prediction names; (3) identify observations or predictions that have been omitted or assigned a default value by the process model; and (4) produce an adjusted file that contains a column of simulated values and a column of associated observation or prediction names. The user may provide alternatives that are constant values or that are alternative simulated values. The user may also provide a sequence of alternatives. For example, the heads from a series of cells may be specified to ensure that a meaningful value is available to compare with an observation located in a cell that may become dry. SIM_ADJUST is constructed using modules from the JUPITER API, and is intended for use on any computer operating system. SIM_ADJUST consists of algorithms programmed in Fortran90, which efficiently performs numerical calculations.","language":"English","publisher":"International Ground Water Modeling Center","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO","usgsCitation":"Poeter, E.P., and Hill, M.C., 2008, SIM_ADJUST -- A computer code that adjusts simulated equivalents for observations or predictions: Ground Water Modeling Investigation Report GWMI 2008-01, no. 2008-01, vi, 28 p.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","ipdsId":"IP-005653","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://igwmc.mines.edu/freeware/sim_adjust/Sim_Adjust-1.000.pdf"}],"country":"United States","issue":"2008-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cc569e4b05ebc8f7cc156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81086,"text":"ds266 - 2008 - Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, 1996 - 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:31:12.211328","indexId":"ds266","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"266","title":"Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, 1996 - 2005","docAbstract":"Time-series photographs of the sea floor were obtained from an instrumented tripod deployed in western Massachusetts Bay at LT-A (42° 22.6' N, 70° 47.0' W; 32 m water depth; fig. 1) from December 1989 through September 2005. The photographs provide time-series observations of physical changes of the sea floor, near-bottom water turbidity, and life on the sea floor. Two reports present these photographs in digital form (table 1) and chronological order. U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 265 (Butman and others, 2008a) contains the photographs obtained from December 1989 to October 1996. This report, U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 266 (Butman and others, 2008b), contains photographs obtained from October 1996 through September 2005. The photographs are published in separate reports because the data files are too large for distribution on a single DVD. This report also contains photographs that were published previously in an uncompressed format (Butman and others 2004a, b, and c; table 1); they have been compressed and included in this publication so that all of the photographs are available in the same format. The photographs, obtained every 4 or every 6 hours, are presented as individual photographs (in .png format, each accessible through a page of thumbnails) and as a movie (in .avi format).
The time-series photographs taken at LT-A were collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study to understand the transport and fate of sediments and associated contaminants in Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay (Bothner and Butman, 2007). This long-term study was carried out by the USGS in partnership with the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) (https://www.mwra.state.ma.us/) and with logistical support from the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). Long-term oceanographic observations help to identify the processes causing bottom sediment resuspension and transport and provide data for developing and testing numerical models. The observations document seasonal and interannual changes in currents, hydrography, suspended-matter concentration, and the importance of infrequent catastrophic events, such as major storms, in sediment resuspension and transport. LT-A is approximately 1 km south of the ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay in September 2000. See Butman and others (2004d) and Butman and others (2007a) for a description of the oceanographic measurements at LT-A. See Butman and others (2007c) and Warner and others (2008) for discussion of sediment transport in Massachusetts Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds266","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Dalyander, P., Bothner, M., and Lange, W.N., 2008, Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, 1996 - 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 266, HTML Dcoument, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds266.","productDescription":"HTML Dcoument","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-004259","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10955,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ds-266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83511.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7861,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -70.7806,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -70.7806,\n 42.3792\n ],\n [\n -70.7861,\n 42.3792\n ],\n [\n -70.7861,\n 42.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":65177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P. Soupy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lange, William N.","contributorId":42306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81080,"text":"ofr20081119 - 2008 - Geochemistry of Rock Samples Collected from the Iron Hill Carbonatite Complex, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:28","indexId":"ofr20081119","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1119","title":"Geochemistry of Rock Samples Collected from the Iron Hill Carbonatite Complex, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A study conducted in 2006 by the U.S. Geological Survey collected 57 surface rock samples from nine types of intrusive rock in the Iron Hill carbonatite complex. This intrusive complex, located in Gunnison County of southwestern Colorado, is known for its classic carbonatite-alkaline igneous geology and petrology. The Iron Hill complex is also noteworthy for its diverse mineral resources, including enrichments in titanium, rare earth elements, thorium, niobium (columbium), and vanadium. This study was performed to reexamine the chemistry and metallic content of the major rock units of the Iron Hill complex by using modern analytical techniques, while providing a broader suite of elements than the earlier published studies. The report contains the geochemical analyses of the samples in tabular and digital spreadsheet format, providing the analytical results for 55 major and trace elements.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081119","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2008, Geochemistry of Rock Samples Collected from the Iron Hill Carbonatite Complex, Gunnison County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1119, Report: 27 p.; 2 Excel Sheets: Sample Site Information and Analytical Results, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081119.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; 2 Excel Sheets: Sample Site Information and Analytical Results","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10951,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abe5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81077,"text":"ofr20071288 - 2008 - U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Strategy for Biscayne National Park and Surrounding Areas in Southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr20071288","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1288","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Strategy for Biscayne National Park and Surrounding Areas in Southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducts a wide range of research in and around the Biscayne National Park region of southern Florida. This research encompasses the biologic, ecologic, meteorologic, geologic, and hydrologic components of the system, including water-quality analyses, ground-water modeling, hydrogeologic-data collection, ecologic-habitat evaluations, wetlands characterizations, biogeochemistry of ecosystems, and paleo-ecologic analyses. Relevant information is provided herein for researchers and managers interested in the Biscayne Bay area and about current U.S. Geological Survey efforts that address important resource protection and management issues. Specifically, managers and scientists are provided with information on current and recently completed U.S. Geological Survey projects and a sample listing of potential U.S. Geological Survey research projects addressing relevant issues that face the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071288","usgsCitation":"Wolfert-Lohmann, M.A., Langevin, C.D., Jones, S.A., Reich, C.D., Wingard, G.L., Kuffner, I.B., and Cunningham, K.J., 2008, U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Strategy for Biscayne National Park and Surrounding Areas in Southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1288, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071288.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1288/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,25 ], [ -81,26.25 ], [ -80,26.25 ], [ -80,25 ], [ -81,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db613004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfert-Lohmann, Melinda A.","contributorId":100095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert-Lohmann","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reich, Chris D.","contributorId":80375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wingard, Georgina L.","contributorId":90840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"Georgina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":81055,"text":"ofr20081110 - 2008 - Methods and Sources of Data Used to Develop Selected Water-Quality Indicators for Streams and Ground Water for the 2007 Edition of The State of the Nation's Ecosystems Report with Comparisons to the 2002 Edition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20081110","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1110","title":"Methods and Sources of Data Used to Develop Selected Water-Quality Indicators for Streams and Ground Water for the 2007 Edition of The State of the Nation's Ecosystems Report with Comparisons to the 2002 Edition","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was one of numerous governmental, private, and academic entities that provided input to the report The State of the Nation?s Ecosystems published periodically by the Heinz Center. This report describes the sources of data and methods used by the USGS to develop selected water?quality indicators for the 2007 edition of the Heinz Center report and documents modifications in the data sources and interpretations between the 2002 and 2007 editions of the Heinz Center report. Stream and ground?water quality data collected nationally as part of the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program were used to develop the ecosystem indicators for the Heinz Center report, including Core National indicators for the Movement of Nitrogen and Chemical Contamination and for selected ecosystems classified as Farmlands, Forest, Grasslands and Shrublands, Freshwater, and Urban and Suburban. In addition, the USGS provided water?quality and streamflow data collected as part of the National Stream Water Quality Accounting Network and the Federal?State Cooperative Program. The documentation provided herein serves not only as a reference for current and future editions of The State of the Nation?s Ecosystems but also provides critical information for future assessments of changes in contaminant occurrence in streams and ground water of the United States.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081110","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., Baker, N.T., Moran, M.J., Crawford, C.G., Nowell, L.H., Toccalino, P., and Wilber, W.G., 2008, Methods and Sources of Data Used to Develop Selected Water-Quality Indicators for Streams and Ground Water for the 2007 Edition of The State of the Nation's Ecosystems Report with Comparisons to the 2002 Edition: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1110, Report: viii, 61 p.; Oversized Table (PDF and Excel); 25 Appendices (Excel), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081110.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 61 p.; Oversized Table (PDF and Excel); 25 Appendices (Excel)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10942,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a07b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, John T. 0000-0001-6752-4069 jtwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-4069","contributorId":1954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"John","email":"jtwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Michael J. mjmoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":1047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"mjmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toccalino, Patricia L. 0000-0003-1066-1702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-1702","contributorId":41089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toccalino","given":"Patricia L.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":81054,"text":"sir20085013 - 2008 - Hydrologic and water-quality characterization and modeling of the Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-03T08:33:13","indexId":"sir20085013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5013","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality characterization and modeling of the Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York","docAbstract":"Onondaga Lake in Onondaga County, New York, has been identified as one of the Nation’s most contaminated lakes as a result of industrial and sanitary-sewer discharges and stormwater nonpoint sources, and has received priority cleanup status under the national Water Resources Development Act of 1990. A basin-scale precipitation-runoff model of the Onondaga Lake basin was identified as a desirable water-resources management tool to better understand the processes responsible for the generation of loads of sediment and nutrients that are transported to Onondaga Lake. During 2003–07, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a model based on the computer program, Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF), which simulated overland flow to, and streamflow in, the major tributaries of Onondaga Lake, and loads of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen transported to the lake. The simulation period extends from October 1997 through September 2003.
The Onondaga Lake basin was divided into 107 subbasins and within these subbasins, the land area was apportioned among 19 pervious and impervious land types on the basis of land use and land cover, hydrologic soil group (HSG), and aspect. Precipitation data were available from three sources as input to the model. The model simulated streamflow, water temperature, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and concentrations and loads of sediment, orthophosphate, total phosphorus, nitrate, ammonia, and organic nitrogen in the four major tributaries to Onondaga Lake–Onondaga Creek, Harbor Brook, Ley Creek, and Ninemile Creek. Simulated flows were calibrated to data from nine USGS streamflow-monitoring sites; simulated nutrient concentrations and loads were calibrated to data collected at six of the nine streamflow-monitoring sites. Water-quality samples were collected, processed, and analyzed by personnel from the Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection. Several time series of flow, and sediment and nutrient loads were generated for known sources of these constituents, including the Tully Valley mudboils (flow and sediment), Otisco Lake (flow and nutrients), the Marcellus wastewater-treatment plant (flow and nutrients), and springs from carbonate bedrock (flow). Runoff from the impervious sewered areas of the City of Syracuse was adjusted for the quantity that was treatable at the county wastewater-treatment plant; the excess flows were routed to nearby streams through combined-sanitary-and-storm-sewer overflows. The mitigative effects that the Onondaga Reservoir and Otisco Lake were presumed to have on loads of sediment and particulate constituents were simulated by adjustment of parameter values that controlled sediment settling rates, deposition, and scour in the reservoir and lake.
Graphical representations of observed and simulated data, and relevant statistics, were compared to assess model performance. Simulated daily and monthly streamflows were rated “very good” (within 10 percent of observed flows) at all calibration sites, except Onondaga Creek at Cardiff, which was rated “fair” (10–15 percent difference). Simulations of monthly average water temperatures were rated “very good” (within 7 percent of observed temperatures) at all sites. No observed data were available by which to directly assess the model’s simulation of suspended sediment loads. Available measured total suspended solids data provided an indirect means of comparison but, not surprisingly, yielded only “fair” to “poor” ratings (greater than 30 percent difference) for simulated monthly sediment loads at half the water-quality calibration sites. Simulations of monthly orthophosphate loads ranged from “very good” (within 15 percent of measured loads) at three sites to “poor” (greater than 35 percent difference) at one site; simulations of ammonia nitrogen loads ranged from “very good” at one site to “fair” (25–35 percent difference) at two sites. Simulations of monthly total phosphorus, nitrate, and organic nitrogen loads were generally rated “very good” at all calibration sites.
Sources of uncertainty in model results were identified, including (1) errors in precipitation data, (2) limitations in model structure, (3) nonuniqueness of values for highly sensitive parameters, (4) errors or bias in data used to calibrate the different components of the model, (5) misclassification of land-use and land-cover data, (6) changes in land use during the simulation period, (7) unidentified sources or sinks of chemical loads and water-quality processes that varied over time, and (8) differences in scale between large calibrated subbasins and small subbasins to which calibrated parameter values were transferred. Uncertainty in simulations of water-quality constituents was compounded by uncertainty in the processes on which the water-quality simulations were based. Therefore, sediment simulations were affected by uncertainty in the simulation of hydrology, and nutrient simulations were affected by uncertainty in both the hydrologic and sediment processes, as well as, in simulations of water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations.
The calibrated model can be used to simulate scenarios that represent planned or hypothetical development and implementation of best-management practices in the Onondaga Lake basin and to assess the effects that these changes and practices are likely to have on rural and urban nonpoint sources of pollution to Onondaga Lake. Model results also can be used as input to a hydrodynamic model of Onondaga Lake that is being developed by Onondaga County and to prioritize areas of the basin where mitigative measures to decrease sediment and nutrient loads could provide the greatest benefits to Onondaga Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., and Reddy, J.E., 2008, Hydrologic and water-quality characterization and modeling of the Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5013, x, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085013.","productDescription":"x, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10941,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,42.75 ], [ -76.5,43.166666666666664 ], [ -75.91666666666667,43.166666666666664 ], [ -75.91666666666667,42.75 ], [ -76.5,42.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194115,"text":"70194115 - 2008 - Flow over bedforms in a large sand-bed river: A field investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:06:04","indexId":"70194115","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow over bedforms in a large sand-bed river: A field investigation","docAbstract":"An experimental field study of flows over bedforms was conducted on the Missouri River near St. Charles, Missouri. Detailed velocity data were collected under two different flow conditions along bedforms in this sand-bed river. The large river-scale data reflect flow characteristics similar to those of laboratory-scale flows, with flow separation occurring downstream of the bedform crest and flow reattachment on the stoss side of the next downstream bedform. Wave-like responses of the flow to the bedforms were detected, with the velocity decreasing throughout the flow depth over bedform troughs, and the velocity increasing over bedform crests. Local and spatially averaged velocity distributions were logarithmic for both datasets. The reach-wise spatially averaged vertical-velocity profile from the standard velocity-defect model was evaluated. The vertically averaged mean flow velocities for the velocity-defect model were within 5% of the measured values and estimated spatially averaged point velocities were within 10% for the upper 90% of the flow depth. The velocity-defect model, neglecting the wake function, was evaluated and found to estimate thevertically averaged mean velocity within 1% of the measured values.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research","doi":"10.3826/jhr.2008.3040","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., and Garcia, M., 2008, Flow over bedforms in a large sand-bed river: A field investigation: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 46, no. 3, p. 322-333, https://doi.org/10.3826/jhr.2008.3040.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"St. Charles","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8de4b06e28e9c257d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190546,"text":"70190546 - 2008 - Understanding and predicting ecological dynamics: Are major surprises inevitable","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:44:51","indexId":"70190546","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding and predicting ecological dynamics: Are major surprises inevitable","docAbstract":"Ecological surprises, substantial and unanticipated changes in the abundance of one or more species that result from previously unsuspected processes, are a common outcome of both experiments and observations in community and population ecology. Here, we give examples of such surprises along with the results of a survey of well-established field ecologists, most of whom have encountered one or more surprises over the course of their careers. Truly surprising results are common enough to require their consideration in any reasonable effort to characterize nature and manage natural resources. We classify surprises as dynamic-, pattern-, or intervention-based, and we speculate on the common processes that cause ecological systems to so often surprise us. A long-standing and still growing concern in the ecological literature is how best to make predictions of future population and community dynamics. Although most work on this subject involves statistical aspects of data analysis and modeling, the frequency and nature of ecological surprises imply that uncertainty cannot be easily tamed through improved analytical procedures, and that prudent management of both exploited and conserved communities will require precautionary and adaptive management approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/07-0965.1","usgsCitation":"Doak, D.F., Estes, J.A., Halpern, B.S., Jacob, U., Lindberg, D.R., Lovvorn, J.R., Monson, D., Tinker, M.T., Williams, T.M., Wootton, J.T., Carroll, I., Emmerson, M., Micheli, F., and Novak, M., 2008, Understanding and predicting ecological dynamics: Are major surprises inevitable: Ecology, v. 89, no. 4, p. 952-961, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0965.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"952","endPage":"961","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10932e4b020cdf7d8d9d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halpern, Benjamin S.","contributorId":86649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpern","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacob, Ute","contributorId":172063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacob","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26973,"text":"University of Hamburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindberg, D. R.","contributorId":64181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovvorn, James R.","contributorId":167714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, Terrie M.","contributorId":191735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Terrie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wootton, J. Timothy","contributorId":84283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wootton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carroll, Ian","contributorId":196233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Emmerson, Mark","contributorId":93404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmerson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Micheli, Fiorenza","contributorId":74315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micheli","given":"Fiorenza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Novak, Mark","contributorId":45229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novak","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70179548,"text":"70179548 - 2008 - A multiscale analysis of nest predation on Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:39:35","indexId":"70179548","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiscale analysis of nest predation on Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus)","docAbstract":"We examined variables influencing nest predation on the endangered Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) at three spatial scales to determine what nest-site, habitat, or landscape characteristics affect the likelihood of nest predation and to determine the spatial distribution of predation risk and the variables influencing it. We used MARK to calculate daily survival rates of Least Bell's Vireo nests and applied an information-theoretic approach to evaluate support for logistic regression models of the effect of habitat variables on predation risk. Analysis of data for 195 nests collected during 1999 and 2000 at the San Luis Rey River and Pilgrim Creek in southern California revealed no effect of fine-scale factors, including nest height, supporting plant species, and three measures of nest concealment, on the likelihood of predation. At the intermediate scale, distances to the riparian-habitat edge and to internal gaps in the canopy were unrelated to nest survival. Surrounding land-use type was a poor predictor of predation risk, with the exception of proximity to golf course–park habitat and wetland. Nests within 400 m of golf course–park were only 20% as likely to avoid predation as nests >400 m from this habitat, and nests near wetland were more than twice as likely to survive as nests distant from wetland. Spatially, predation appeared to be random throughout the site, with localized clustering evident in the vicinity of golf course–park and wetland. Our results suggest that the landscape may be the most appropriate scale at which to manage nest predation in this system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2008.06038","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., Peterson, B.L., and Deutschman, D.H., 2008, A multiscale analysis of nest predation on Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus): The Auk, v. 125, no. 2, p. 277-284, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.06038.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.06038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e182fe4b0f5ce109fcb1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Bonnie L.","contributorId":174932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deutschman, Douglas H.","contributorId":174936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutschman","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81049,"text":"sir20085014 - 2008 - Estimation of Constituent Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in Streams of Johnson County, Northeast Kansas, Using Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring and Regression Models, October 2002 through December 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085014","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5014","title":"Estimation of Constituent Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in Streams of Johnson County, Northeast Kansas, Using Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring and Regression Models, October 2002 through December 2006","docAbstract":"Johnson County is one of the most rapidly developing counties in Kansas. Population growth and expanding urban land use affect the quality of county streams, which are important for human and environmental health, water supply, recreation, and aesthetic value. This report describes estimates of streamflow and constituent concentrations, loads, and yields in relation to watershed characteristics in five Johnson County streams using continuous in-stream sensor measurements. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen were monitored in five watersheds from October 2002 through December 2006. These continuous data were used in conjunction with discrete water samples to develop regression models for continuously estimating concentrations of other constituents. Continuous regression-based concentrations were estimated for suspended sediment, total suspended solids, dissolved solids and selected major ions, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), and fecal-indicator bacteria. Continuous daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual loads were calculated from concentration estimates and streamflow. The data are used to describe differences in concentrations, loads, and yields and to explain these differences relative to watershed characteristics.\r\n\r\nWater quality at the five monitoring sites varied according to hydrologic conditions; contributing drainage area; land use (including degree of urbanization); relative contributions from point and nonpoint constituent sources; and human activity within each watershed. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were less than the Kansas aquatic-life-support criterion of 5.0 mg/L less than 10 percent of the time at all sites except Indian Creek, which had DO concentrations less than the criterion about 15 percent of the time. Concentrations of suspended sediment, chloride (winter only), indicator bacteria, and pesticides were substantially larger during periods of increased streamflow. Suspended-sediment concentration was nearly always largest at the Mill Creek site. The Mill Creek watershed is undergoing rapid development that likely contributed to larger sustained sediment concentrations. During most of the time, the smallest sediment concentrations occurred at the Indian Creek site, the most urban of the monitored sites, likely because most of the streamflow originates from wastewater-treatment facilities located just upstream from the monitoring site. However, estimated annual suspended-sediment load and yield were largest annually at the Indian Creek site because of substantial contributions during storm runoff. At least 90 percent of the total annual sediment load in 2005?06 at all five monitoring sites occurred in less than 2 percent of the time, generally associated with large storm runoff. About 50 percent of the 2005 sediment load at the Blue River site occurred during a single 3-day storm, the equivalent of less than 1 percent of the time. Suspended-sediment concentration is statistically related to other water-quality constituents, and these relations have potential implications for implementation of best management practices because, if sediment concentrations are decreased, concentrations of sediment-associated constituents such as suspended solids, some nutrients, and bacteria will also likely decrease. Chloride concentrations were largest at the Indian and Mill Creek sites, the two most urban stream sites which also are most affected by road-salt runoff and wastewater-treatment-facility discharges. Two chloride runoff occurrences in January?February 2005 accounted for 19 percent of the total chloride load in Indian Creek in 2005. Escherichia coli density at the Indian Creek site was nearly always largest of the five sites with a median density more than double that of any other site and 15 times the density at the Blue River site which is primarily nonurban. More than 97 percent of the fecal coliform bacteria load at the Indian Creek site and near the B","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., Lee, C., and Ziegler, A., 2008, Estimation of Constituent Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in Streams of Johnson County, Northeast Kansas, Using Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring and Regression Models, October 2002 through December 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5014, viii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085014.","productDescription":"viii, 104 p.","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10912,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.08333333333333,38.666666666666664 ], [ -95.08333333333333,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.58333333333333,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.58333333333333,38.666666666666664 ], [ -95.08333333333333,38.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Casey J. 0000-0002-5753-2038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2038","contributorId":31062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Casey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81048,"text":"ofr20071409 - 2008 - Ground-water-flow modeling of a freshwater and brine-filled aquifer in the Onondaga Trough, Onondaga County, New York: A summary of findings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T21:06:17.823339","indexId":"ofr20071409","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1409","title":"Ground-water-flow modeling of a freshwater and brine-filled aquifer in the Onondaga Trough, Onondaga County, New York: A summary of findings","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a hydrogeologic study that included the development of a groundwater-flow model of the glacial-drift aquifer in the Onondaga Trough near Syracuse, N.Y., which extends from the Valley Heads Moraine near Tully, N.Y., to Onondaga Lake (fig. 1). Glacial sediments within the Onondaga Trough contain freshwater, saline water, and brine, which has historically supported several chemical industries in Syracuse. The ground-water-flow model was developed as a means to assist the members of the Onondaga Lake Partnership (local, State, and Federal governmental agencies) to assess remediation plans for Onondaga Lake and the Onondaga Creek watershed. Prior to this study, in the late 1990s, very little information was known about the physical nature of the valley-fill aquifer or the quality of water within it. Acquisition of this information would help local agencies understand the interactions of fresh and saline water within the aquifer and Onondaga Lake, and would facilitate the design of proposed and ongoing remediation work in and near the lake.\r\n\r\nThe USGS study characterized the geology and geochemistry of the aquifer system, estimated the rate and direction of ground-water movement, and estimated mass loadings of chloride to Onondaga Lake and its tributaries from natural and anthropogenic sources. The study required analysis of existing hydrogeologic data and drilling of new test wells to collect additional hydrogeologic data to supplement this database. A three-dimensional geologic model of the unconsolidated deposits that fill the Onondaga Trough was developed from this information. Water-quality samples were collected, and hydraulic head (water-level) measurements were made in the test wells. The water samples were analyzed for a variety of chemical constituents to determine the composition and age of saline waters within the aquifer. The geologic model, together with the water-quality and hydraulic-head data, supported the development of several variable-density flow models of the aquifer system. The complete results of this study are summarized in Yager and others (2007a), which discusses the present location of the brine pool, potential sources of the brine, and the effects of the brine pool on ground-water flow near Onondaga Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071409","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onondaga Lake Partnership and the Onondaga Environmental Institute","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., and Yager, R.M., 2008, Ground-water-flow modeling of a freshwater and brine-filled aquifer in the Onondaga Trough, Onondaga County, New York: A summary of findings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1409, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071409.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83436.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10911,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1409/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","otherGeospatial":"Onondaga Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.37283325195312,\n 42.83569550641452\n ],\n [\n -76.17507934570312,\n 42.83569550641452\n ],\n [\n -76.17507934570312,\n 43.201171681272456\n ],\n [\n -76.37283325195312,\n 43.201171681272456\n ],\n [\n -76.37283325195312,\n 42.83569550641452\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209207,"text":"70209207 - 2008 - Making non-digitally-recorded seismograms accessible online for studying earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T07:39:10","indexId":"70209207","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-24T07:36:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Making non-digitally-recorded seismograms accessible online for studying earthquakes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":" Historical seismology: Modern approaches in solid earth sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-8222-1_20","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., and Benson, R., 2008, Making non-digitally-recorded seismograms accessible online for studying earthquakes, chap. of Historical seismology: Modern approaches in solid earth sciences, v. 2, p. 403-427, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8222-1_20.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"427","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, R.","contributorId":203811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36211,"text":"GFDL/NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81039,"text":"ofr20081113 - 2008 - Analysis of Pulsed Flow Modification Alternatives, Lower Missouri River, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:11:54","indexId":"ofr20081113","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1113","title":"Analysis of Pulsed Flow Modification Alternatives, Lower Missouri River, 2005","docAbstract":"The graphical, tabular, and statistical data presented in this report resulted from analysis of alternative flow regime designs considered by a group of Missouri River managers, stakeholders, and scientists during the summer of 2005. This plenary group was charged with designing a flow regime with increased spring flow pulses to support reproduction and survival of the endangered pallid sturgeon. Environmental flow components extracted from the reference natural flow regime were used to design and assess performance of alternative flow regimes. The analysis is based on modeled flow releases from Gavins Point Dam (near Yankton, South Dakota) for nine design alternatives and two reference scenarios; the reference scenarios are the run-of-the-river and the water-control plan implemented in 2004. The alternative designs were developed by the plenary group with the goal of providing pulsed spring flows, while retaining traditional social and economic uses of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081113","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., 2008, Analysis of Pulsed Flow Modification Alternatives, Lower Missouri River, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1113, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081113.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081113.jpg"},{"id":10902,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":329525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1113/pdf/OFR-2008-1113.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,35 ], [ -115,50 ], [ -90,50 ], [ -90,35 ], [ -115,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}