{"pageNumber":"903","pageRowStart":"22550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":80824,"text":"tm10C15 - 2008 - Determination of the delta(15N/14N)of Ammonium (NH4+) in Water: RSIL Lab Code 2898","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"tm10C15","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"10-C15","title":"Determination of the delta(15N/14N)of Ammonium (NH4+) in Water: RSIL Lab Code 2898","docAbstract":"The purpose of the technique described by Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory (RSIL) lab code 2898 is to determine the N isotopic composition, delta(15N/14N), abbreviated as d15N, of ammonium (NH4+) in water (freshwater and saline water). The procedure involves converting dissolved NH4+ into NH3 gas by raising the pH of the sample to above 9 with MgO and subsequently trapping the gas quantitatively as (NH4)2SO4 on a glass fiber (GF) filter. The GF filter is saturated with NaHSO4 and pressure sealed between two gas-permeable polypropylene filters. The GF filter 'sandwich' floats on the surface of the water sample in a closed bottle. NH3 diffuses from the water through the polypropylene filter and reacts with NaHSO4, forming (NH4)2SO4 on the GF filter. The GF filter containing (NH4)2SO4 is dried and then combusted with a Carlo Erba NC 2500 elemental analyzer (EA), which is used to convert total nitrogen in a solid sample into N2 gas. The EA is connected to a continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS), which determines the relative difference in ratios of the amounts of the stable isotopes of nitrogen (15N and 14N) of the product N2 gas and a reference N2 gas. The filters containing the samples are compressed in tin capsules and loaded into a Costech Zero-Blank Autosampler on the EA. Under computer control, samples then are dropped into a heated reaction tube that contains an oxidant, where combustion takes place in a He atmosphere containing an excess of O2 gas. To remove S-O gases produced from the NaHSO4, a plug of Ag-coated Cu wool is inserted at the bottom of the reaction tube. Combustion products are transported by a He carrier through a reduction furnace to remove excess O2, toconvert all nitrogen oxides to N2, and to remove any remaining S-O gases. The gases then pass through a drying tube to remove water. The gas-phase products, mainly N2 and a small amount of background CO2, are separated by a gas chromatograph (GC). The gas is then introduced into the IRMS through a Finnigan ConFlo II interface. The ConFlo II interface is used to introduce not only sample into the IRMS but also N2 reference gas and He for sample dilution. The flash combustion is quantitative, so no isotopic fractionation is involved. The IRMS is a Finnigan Delta V CF-IRMS with 10 cups and is capable of detecting ion beams with mass/charge (m/z) 28, 29, 30. The ion beams from N2 are as follows: m/z 28 = 14N14N, m/z 29 = 14N15N, and m/z 30 = 15N15N. The ion beam with m/z 30 also represents 14N16O, which may indicate contamination or incomplete reduction.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 15 of Section C, Stable Isotope-Ratio Methods, Book 10, Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm10C15","usgsCitation":"Hannon, J.E., and Böhlke, J., 2008, Determination of the delta(15N/14N)of Ammonium (NH4+) in Water: RSIL Lab Code 2898: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 10-C15, viii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm10C15.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10656,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2007/tm10c15/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66754b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hannon, Janet E. jehannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Janet","email":"jehannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":22843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80817,"text":"tm10C2 - 2008 - Determination of the delta(18O/16O)of Water: RSIL Lab Code 489","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"tm10C2","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"10-C2","title":"Determination of the delta(18O/16O)of Water: RSIL Lab Code 489","docAbstract":"The purpose of the technique described by the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory (RSIL) lab code 489 is to present a method to determine the delta(180/160), abbreviated as delta-180, of water. This delta-18O measurement of water also is a component of National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL in USGS) schedules 1142 and 1172. Water samples are loaded into glass sample containers on a vacuum manifold to equilibrate gaseous CO2 at constant temperature (25 deg C) with water samples. After loading water samples on the vacuum manifold, air is evacuated through capillary to avoid evaporation, and CO2 is added. The samples are shaken to increase the equilibration rate of water and CO2. When isotopic equilibrium has been attained, an aliquot of CO2 is extracted sequentially from each sample container, separated from water vapor by means of a dry ice trap, and introduced into a dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (DI-IRMS) for determination of the delta-18O value. There is oxygen isotopic fractionation between water and CO2, but it is constant at constant temperature. The DI-IRMS is a DuPont double-focusing mass spectrometer. It has a double collector. One ion beam passes through a slit in a forward collector and is collected in the rear collector. The other ion beams are collected in the front collector. The instrument is capable of measuring mass/charge (m/z) 44 and 45 or 44 and 46 by changing the ion-accelerating voltage under computer control. The ion beams from these m/z values are as follows: m/z 44=CO2=12C16O16O, m/z 45=CO2=13C16O16O primarily, and m/z 46 = CO2=12C16O18O primarily. The data acquisition and control software calculates delta-18O values.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 2 of Section C, Stable Isotope-Ratio Methods, Book 10, Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm10C2","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., and Coplen, T., 2008, Determination of the delta(18O/16O)of Water: RSIL Lab Code 489: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 10-C2, viii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm10C2.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10654,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2007/tm10c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler","contributorId":95162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199565,"text":"70199565 - 2008 - Artificial recharge through a thick, heterogeneous unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:46:50","indexId":"70199565","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T16:46:14","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial recharge through a thick, heterogeneous unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"<p>Thick, heterogeneous unsaturated zones away from large streams in desert areas have not previously been considered suitable for artificial recharge from ponds. To test the potential for recharge in these settings, 1.3 x 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of water was infiltrated through a 0.36-ha pond along Oro Grande Wash near Victorville, California, between October 2002 and January 2006. The pond overlies a regional pumping depression 117 m below land surface and is located where thickness and permeability of unsaturated deposits allowed infiltration and saturated alluvial deposits were sufficiently permeable to allow recovery of water. Because large changes in water levels caused by nearby pumping would obscure arrival of water at the water table, downward movement of water was measured using sensors in the unsaturated zone. The downward rate of water movement was initially as high as 6 m/d and decreased with depth to 0.07 m/d; the initial time to reach the water table was 3 years. After the unsaturated zone was wetted, water reached the water table in 1 year. Soluble salts and nitrate moved readily with the infiltrated water, whereas arsenic and chromium were less mobile. Numerical simulations done using the computer program TOUGH2 duplicated the downward rate of water movement, accumulation of water on perched zones, and its arrival at the water table. Assuming 10 3 106 m3 of recharge annually for 20 years, a regional ground water flow model predicted water level rises of 30 m beneath the ponds, and rises exceeding 3m in most wells serving the nearby urban area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00406.x","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., Flint, A.L., and Stamos, C.L., 2008, Artificial recharge through a thick, heterogeneous unsaturated zone: Groundwater, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00406.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Victorville","otherGeospatial":"Oro Grande Wash","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10d475e4b034bf6a7fa234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352 clstamos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":1252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina","email":"clstamos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118980,"text":"70118980 - 2008 - An interactive Bayesian geostatistical inverse protocol for hydraulic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-01T16:25:08","indexId":"70118980","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T16:23:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An interactive Bayesian geostatistical inverse protocol for hydraulic tomography","docAbstract":"Hydraulic tomography is a powerful technique for characterizing heterogeneous hydrogeologic parameters. An explicit trade-off between characterization based on measurement misfit and subjective characterization using prior information is presented. We apply a Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach that is well suited to accommodate a flexible model with the level of complexity driven by the data and explicitly considering uncertainty. Prior information is incorporated through the selection of a parameter covariance model characterizing continuity and providing stability. Often, discontinuities in the parameter field, typically caused by geologic contacts between contrasting lithologic units, necessitate subdivision into zones across which there is no correlation among hydraulic parameters. We propose an interactive protocol in which zonation candidates are implied from the data and are evaluated using cross validation and expert knowledge. Uncertainty introduced by limited knowledge of dynamic regional conditions is mitigated by using drawdown rather than native head values. An adjoint state formulation of MODFLOW-2000 is used to calculate sensitivities which are used both for the solution to the inverse problem and to guide protocol decisions. The protocol is tested using synthetic two-dimensional steady state examples in which the wells are located at the edge of the region of interest.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006730","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Clemo, T., and Kitanidis, P.K., 2008, An interactive Bayesian geostatistical inverse protocol for hydraulic tomography: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006730.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-004090","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291542,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006730"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dca9c0e4b076157863770f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clemo, Tom","contributorId":80205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemo","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitanidis, Peter K.","contributorId":104828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitanidis","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047423,"text":"pp175033 - 2008 - Evolving magma storage conditions beneath Mount St. Helens inferred from chemical variations in melt inclusions from the 1980-1986 and current (2004-2006) eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:55:54","indexId":"pp175033","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T14:49:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-33","displayTitle":"Evolving magma storage conditions beneath Mount St. Helens inferred from chemical variations in melt inclusions from the 1980-1986 and current (2004-2006) eruptions: Chapter 33 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","title":"Evolving magma storage conditions beneath Mount St. Helens inferred from chemical variations in melt inclusions from the 1980-1986 and current (2004-2006) eruptions","docAbstract":"Major element, trace element, and volatile concentrations in 187 glassy melt inclusions and 25 groundmass glasses from the 1980-86 eruption of Mount St. Helens are presented, together with 103 analyses of touching FE-Ti oxide pairs from the same samples.  These data are used to evaluate the temporal evolution of the magmatic plumbing system beneath the volcano during 1980-86 and so provide a framework in which to interpret analyses of melt inclusions from the current (2004-2006) eruption.\n\nMajor and trace element concentrations of all melt inclusions lie at the high SiO<sub>2</sub> end of the data array defined by eruptive products of the late Quaternary age from Mount St. Helens.  For several major and trace elements, the glasses define a trend that is oblique to the whole-rock trend, indicating that different mineral assemblages were responsible for the two trends.  The whole-rock trend can be ascribed to differentiation of hydrous basaltic parents in a deep-seated magma reservoir, probably at depths great enough to stabilize garnet.  In contrast, the glass trends were generated by closed-system crystallization of the phenocryst and microlite mineral assemblages at low pressures.\n\nThe dissolved H<sub>2</sub>O content of the melt inclusions from 1980-86, as measured by the ion microprobe, ranges from 0 to 6.7 wt. percent, with the highest values obtained from the plinian phase of May 18, 1980.  Water contents decrease with increasing SiO<sub>2</sub>, consistent with decompression-driven crystallization.  Preliminary data for dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in melt inclusions from the May 18 plinian phase from August 7, 1980, indicate that X<sub>H<sub>2</sub>O</sub> in a vapor phase was approximately constant at 0.80, irrespective of H<sub>2</sub>O content, suggestive of closed-system degassing with a high bubble fraction or gas streaming through the subvolcanic system.  Temperature and f\n<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>\n estimates \nfor touching Fe-Ti oxides show evidence for heating during \ncrystallization owing to release of latent heat. Consequently, \nmagmas with the highest microlite crystallinities record the \nhighest temperatures. Magmas also become progressively \nreduced during ascent and degassing, probably as a result of \nredox equilibria between exsolving S-bearing gases and magmas. The lowest temperature oxides have f\n<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>\n&asymp; NNO, similar \nto high-temperature fumarole gases from the volcano. The \ntemperature and f\n<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>\n of the magma tapped by the plinian phase \nof May 18, 1980, are 870-875&deg;C and NNO+0.8, respectively.\nThe dissolved volatile contents of the melt inclusions \nhave been used to calculate sealing pressures; that is, the \npressure at which chemical exchange between inclusion and \nmatrix melt ceased. These are greatest for the May 18 plinian \nmagma (120 to 320 MPa); lower pressures are recorded by \nsamples of the preplinian cryptodome and by all post-May 18 \nmagmas. Magma crystallinity, calculated from melt-inclusion \nRb contents, is negatively correlated with sealing pressure, \nconsistent with decompression crystallization. Elevated \ncontents of Li in melt inclusions from the cryptodome and \npost-May 18 samples are consistent with transfer of Li in a \nmagmatic vapor phase from deeper parts of the magma system to magma stored at shallower levels. The Li enrichment \nattains its maximum extent at ~150 MPa, which is ascribed to \nseparation of a single vapor phase into H<sub>2</sub>\nO-rich gas and dense \nLi-rich brine at the top of the magma column.\nThere are striking correlations between melt-inclusion \nchemistry and monitoring data for the 1980-86 eruption. Dissolved SO<sub>2</sub>\n contents of melt inclusions from any given event, \nmultiplied by the mass of magma erupted during that event, correlate with the measured flux of SO<sub>2</sub>\n at the surface, suggesting that magma degassing and melt-inclusion sealing are \nclosely related in time and space.\nTextural and chemical evidence indicates that melt inclusions became effectively sealed (physically or kinetically) \nshortly before eruption. Thus by converting pressure to depth \nusing a density model and edifice-loading algorithm for the \nvolcano, changing depths of magma extraction with time can \nbe tracked and compared to the seismic record. The plinian \neruption of May 18, 1980, involved magma stored 5-11 km \nbelow sea level; this is inferred to be the subvolcanic magma \nchamber. The preceding eruptions, including the May 18, \n1980, blast, involved magma withdrawal from the cryptodome \nand conduit down to 5 km below sea level. Subsequent 1980 \neruptions tapped magma down to depths of &le;10 km below \nsea level. Tapping of magma stored deeper than 2 km below \nsea level stopped abruptly at the end of 1980, coincident \nwith the onset of extensive shallow seismicity and a change \nfrom explosive to effusive eruption style from 1981 to 1986. \nOverall, the 1980-86 eruption is consistent with the evisceration of a thin, vertically extensive body of magma extending \nfrom 5 to at least 11 km below sea level and connected to the \nsurface by a thin conduit. In the absence of sustained high \nmagma-supply rates from depth, decompression crystallization of magma ascending through the system leads eventually \nto plugging of the conduit.\nThe current eruption of Mount St. Helens shares some \nsimilarities with the 1981-86 dome-building phase of the \nprevious eruption, in that there is extensive shallow seismicity \nand extrusion of highly crystalline material in the form of a \nsequence of flows and spines. Melt inclusions from the current eruption have low H<sub>2</sub>\nO contents, consistent with magma \nextraction from shallow depths. Highly enriched Li in melt \ninclusions suggests that vapor transport of Li is a characteristic \nfeature of Mount St. Helens. Melt inclusions from the current \neruption have subtly different trace-element chemistry from \nall but one of the 1980-86 melt inclusions, with steeper rareearth-element (REE) patterns and low U, Th, and high-fieldstrength elements (HFSE), indicating addition of a new melt \ncomponent to the magma system. It is anticipated that increasing involvement of the new melt component will be evident as \nthe current eruption proceeds.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175033","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 33 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Blundy, J., Cashman, K., and Berlo, K., 2008, Evolving magma storage conditions beneath Mount St. Helens inferred from chemical variations in melt inclusions from the 1980-1986 and current (2004-2006) eruptions: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-33, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175033.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175033.png"},{"id":276063,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":276064,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter33.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c960e4b009d47a4c236a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509536,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509538,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509537,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Blundy, Jon","contributorId":89050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blundy","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlo, Kim","contributorId":55324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlo","given":"Kim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162772,"text":"70162772 - 2008 - Subsurface fate and transport of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T13:48:22","indexId":"70162772","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Subsurface fate and transport of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol","docAbstract":"<p>Subsurface fate and transport of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SX), the non-ionic surfactant degradation product 4-nonylphenol (NP), and the sex hormone 17&beta;-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in a plume of contaminated groundwater at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. The plume is the result of 60 years of wastewater treatment plant effluent disposal into rapid infiltration beds. Natural-gradient, <i>in situ</i> tracer experiments were used to evaluate subsurface transport of SX, NP, and E2 (injected at 300, 530, and 0.55 &micro;g/L, respectively) relative to the conservative tracer bromide. Two geochemical zones were evaluated: (1) uncontaminated groundwater overlying the plume, and (2) contaminated groundwater within the plume that has recently become oxic after decades of anoxic conditions. The uncontaminated groundwater is characterized by a microbial community unacclimated to treated wastewater, whereas the contaminated groundwater is characterized by microbes acclimated to wastewater contaminants. Results from the tracer tests in both zones showed that the antibiotic SX was co-transported with the conservative tracer bromide, with little retardation or mass removal. In contrast, NP and E2, which are more hydrophobic and biodegradable, showed sorption (relative retardation factors ranged up to 5.9) and mass loss at both the uncontaminated and contaminated sites.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater quality: Securing groundwater quality in urban and industrial environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Groundwater Quality 2007","conferenceDate":"2-7 December 2007","conferenceLocation":"Fremantle, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Press","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, UK","issn":"0144-7815","isbn":"978-1-901502-79-4","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Meyer, M.T., LeBlanc, D., Kolpin, D.W., Radley, P., Chapelle, F., and Rubio, F., 2008, Subsurface fate and transport of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol, <i>in</i> Groundwater quality: Securing groundwater quality in urban and industrial environments, Fremantle, Australia, 2-7 December 2007, p. 133-139.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b83e4b0403299f53b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. 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,{"id":70162741,"text":"70162741 - 2008 - A multi-disciplinary approach to the removal of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants in New York state (2003-2004)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T14:42:26","indexId":"70162741","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5049,"text":"Clear Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-disciplinary approach to the removal of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants in New York state (2003-2004)","docAbstract":"<p>Across the United States, there is a rapidly growing awareness of the occurrence and the toxicological impacts of natural and synthetic trace compounds in the environment. These trace compounds, referred to as emerging contaminants (ECs), are reported to cause a range of negative impacts in the environment, such as adverse effects on biota in receiving streams and interference with the normal functions of the endocrine system, which controls growth and development in living organisms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New York Water Environment Association","publisherLocation":"Syracuse, NY","usgsCitation":"Philips, P.J., Stinson, B., Zaugg, S.D., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Esposito, K., Bodniewicz, B., Pape, R., and Anderson, J., 2008, A multi-disciplinary approach to the removal of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants in New York state (2003-2004): Clear Waters, v. 48, no. 3, p. 48-59.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stinson, Beverley","contributorId":17105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"Beverley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":590320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esposito, Kathleen","contributorId":21835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bodniewicz, B.","contributorId":152701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodniewicz","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pape, R.","contributorId":152702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pape","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, J.","contributorId":103437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70047388,"text":"pp175018 - 2008 - Radar interferometry observations of surface displacements during pre- and coeruptive periods at Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1992-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T16:48:42.242342","indexId":"pp175018","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-18","title":"Radar interferometry observations of surface displacements during pre- and coeruptive periods at Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1992-2005","docAbstract":"We analyzed hundreds of interferograms of Mount St. \nHelens produced from radar images acquired by the ERS-1/2, \nENVISAT, and RADARSAT satellites during the 1992-2004 \npreeruptive and 2004-2005 coeruptive periods for signs of \ndeformation associated with magmatic activity at depth. Individual interferograms were often contaminated by atmospheric \ndelay anomalies; therefore, we employed stacking to amplify \nany deformation patterns that might exist while minimizing \nrandom noise. Preeruptive interferograms show no signs of \nvolcanowide deformation between 1992 and the onset of eruptive activity in 2004. Several patches of subsidence in the 1980 \ndebris-avalanche deposit were identified, however, and are \nthought to be caused by viscoelastic relaxation of loosely consolidated substrate, consolidation of water-saturated sediment, \nor melting of buried ice. Coeruptive interferometric stacks are \ndominated by atmospheric noise, probably because individual \ninterferograms span only short time intervals in 2004 and \n2005. Nevertheless, we are confident that at least one of the \nseven coeruptive stacks we constructed is reliable at about the \n1-cm level. This stack suggests deflation of Mount St. Helens \ndriven by contraction of a source beneath the volcano.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175018","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., and Lu, Z., 2008, Radar interferometry observations of surface displacements during pre- and coeruptive periods at Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1992-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-18, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175018.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175018.jpg"},{"id":275965,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275966,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter18.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcd4e7e4b0296e5a4b5c84","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509491,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509493,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509492,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70094795,"text":"70094795 - 2008 - Methane hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T16:09:05.554315","indexId":"70094795","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Methane hydrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gas hydrate is a solid, naturally occurring substance consisting predominantly of methane gas and water. Recent scientific drilling programs in Japan, Canada, the United States, Korea and India have demonstrated that gas hydrate occurs broadly and in a variety of forms in shallow sediments of the outer continental shelves and in Arctic regions. Field, laboratory and numerical modelling studies conducted to date indicate that gas can be extracted from gas hydrates with existing production technologies, particularly for those deposits in which the gas hydrate exists as pore-filling grains at high saturation in sand-rich reservoirs. A series of regional resource assessments indicate that substantial volumes of gas hydrate likely exist in sand-rich deposits. Recent field programs in Japan, Canada and in the United States have demonstrated the technical viability of methane extraction from gas-hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs and have investigated a range of potential production scenarios. At present, basic reservoir depressurisation shows the greatest promise and can be conducted using primarily standard industry equipment and procedures. Depressurisation is expected to be the foundation of future production systems; additional processes, such as thermal stimulation, mechanical stimulation and chemical injection, will likely also be integrated as dictated by local geological and other conditions. An innovative carbon dioxide and methane swapping technology is also being studied as a method to produce gas from select gas hydrate deposits. In addition, substantial additional volumes of gas hydrate have been found in dense arrays of grain-displacing veins and nodules in fine-grained, clay-dominated sediments; however, to date, no field tests, and very limited numerical modelling, have been conducted with regard to the production potential of such accumulations. Work remains to further refine: (1) the marine resource volumes within potential accumulations that can be produced through exploratory drilling programs; (2) the tools for gas hydrate detection and characterisation from remote sensing data; (3) the details of gas hydrate reservoir production behaviour through additional, well-monitored and longer duration field tests and (4) the understanding of the potential environmental impacts of gas hydrate resource development. The results of future production tests, in the context of varying market and energy supply conditions around the globe, will be the key to determine the ultimate timing and scale of the commercial production of natural gas from gas hydrates.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Future energy: Improved, sustainable and clean options for our planet","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-099424-6.00008-9","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Yamamoto, K., Lee, S., Collett, T.S., Kumar, P., and Dallimore, S., 2008, Methane hydrates, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Future energy: Improved, sustainable and clean options for our planet, p. 159-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-099424-6.00008-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"178","ipdsId":"IP-049794","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-099424-6.00008-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594b5e4b0120853e8c07f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":12307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamamoto, Koji","contributorId":72709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Koji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Sung-Rock","contributorId":7179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Sung-Rock","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":54886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dallimore, Scott","contributorId":85503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallimore","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162452,"text":"70162452 - 2008 - Environmental presence and persistence of pharmaceuticals: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T07:14:51","indexId":"70162452","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental presence and persistence of pharmaceuticals: An overview","docAbstract":"<p>Emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment &ndash; that is, chemicals with domestic, municipal, industrial, or agricultural sources that are not commonly monitored but may have the potential for adverse environmental effects &ndash; is a rapidly growing field of research. The use of &ldquo;emerging&rdquo; is not intended to infer that the presence of these compounds in the environment is new. These chemicals have been released into the environment as long as they have been in production or, in the case of hormones and other endogenous compounds, since the rise of animal life. What is emerging is the interest by the scientific and lay communities in the presence of these chemicals in the environment, the analytical capabilities required for detection, and the subtle effects that very small concentrations of these chemicals appear to have on aquatic biota. In December 2006,<i> Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i> devoted an entire special issue (volume 40, number 23) to the topic of ECs, illustrating the increased interest in the subject. Within the EGs, one particular class that has seen a substantial increase in research over the past 10 years is pharmaceuticals and personal-care products (PPCPs). This increased research interest can be demonstrated by several means, including requests for proposals from funding agencies, but the clearest indication of a focused effort to understand the introduction, transformation, and potential health and environmental effects of PPCPs and ECs, in general, is the number of published reports. This increase can be shown by examining six environmental journals that regularly publish PPCP-related papers &ndash; <i>Chemosphere</i>, <i>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i>, <i>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</i>, <i>Science of the Total Environment</i>, <i>Water Research</i>, and <i>Water Science and Technology</i>. In 1998 there were 22 papers published on pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, or drugs in these 6 journals; by 2006, this number increased sixfold to 132 papers (Figure 1.1).<br />This growth can be attributed to a number of factors. The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface-water samples from Europe and the United States was documented in several sentinel papers. These ground-breaking works encouraged other scientists to examine the rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs in their regions for such chemicals. In addition, the intense public attention paid to news reports on the environmental detections of these chemicals and possible effects of aquatic life has made this issue visible to the wastewater-treatment, drinking-water treatment, and regulatory communities. This has driven the funding bodies associated with these communities to fund studies or request proposals that address the presence, fate, and effects of PPCPs in aquatic systems. The release of the first comprehensive reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and other wastewater contaminants in the United States provides an example of the intense media interest in this topic. Within 6 days on online publication of this study, 72 newspapers across the United States had published articles describing the results, either locally written or based on international media syndicate reports. There also was substantial concurrent coverage by local and national radio and television outlets, including the Cable News Network, <i>ABC World News Tonight</i>, and National Public Radio. A substantial fraction of these news stories may be attributable to press releases and media briefings prior to publication. However, the interest by television and print journalists in reporting the results of a peer-reviewed journal article to the general public was motivated by the recognition that describing the presence of PPCPs in water supplies would be of interest to the public. To better convey the results of the study published by Koplin et al. to the public, a separate general-interest fact sheet was published to summarize the important points of the study. Because PPCPs are commonly and widely used by individuals, there is likely a preexisting, personal identification with these compounds that does not occur for the wide range of other organic and inorganic contaminants whose presence in the environment has previously been described. This greater public &ldquo;name recognition&rdquo; makes itself known through the media to the regulatory and technical community and has prompted interest in sponsoring research that defines the composition and concentrations of PPCPs in potential sources and their fate and effects following relase into the environment. <br />Independent of the drivers that potentially fuel the interest in studies of PPCPs, it is clear that PPCP research has grown beyond surface-water studies to examine issues such as:<br />&bull; Presence in other matrices, such as groundwater, landfill leachates, sediments, and biosolids.<br />&bull; Environmental transport and fate in surface water, groundwater, and soils amended with reclaimed water or biosolids.<br />&bull; PPCP source elucidation, such as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), and aquaculture.<br />&bull; Removal during wastewater and drinking-water treatment.<br />&bull; Effects on aquatic ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, and human health.<br />The chapters in this book provide an extensive examination of current environmental pharmaceutical research and are divided into three sections: &ldquo;Occurrence and Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment,&rdquo; &ldquo;Environment Fate and Transformations of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals,&rdquo; and &ldquo;treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water and Wastewater.&rdquo; The purpose of this introductory overview chapter is to outline current (2004-2006) knowledge about the presence and concentration of PPCPs as described in the published literature. Previous reviews should be consulted for discussions on pre-2004 publications. Those reviews will provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the topic of PPCPs in the environment. This chapter describes the sources of PPCPs and other organic contaminants often associated with human wastewater into the environment, the range of concentrations present in various environmental compartments, and the potential routes of removal/sequestration. An overview of the sources and fate of veterinary pharmaceuticals will be discussed in Chapter 5, &ldquo;Fate and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in the Soil Environment.&rdquo;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in water treatment systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton","usgsCitation":"Glassmeyer, S., Koplin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., and Focazio, M., 2008, Environmental presence and persistence of pharmaceuticals: An overview, chap. <i>of</i> Fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in water treatment systems, p. 3-51.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420052336"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75552e4b0b28f1184d822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glassmeyer, Susan T.","contributorId":72924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"Susan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koplin, Dana W.","contributorId":82174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koplin","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Focazio, M.","contributorId":45848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047417,"text":"pp175030 - 2008 - Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:50:56","indexId":"pp175030","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-30","displayTitle":"Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering: Chapter 30 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","title":"Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering","docAbstract":"Eighteen years after dome-forming eruptions ended in \n1986, and with little warning, Mount St. Helens began to \nerupt again in October 2004. During the ensuing two years, \nthe volcano extruded more than 80×10<sup>6</sup>\n m<sup>3</sup>\n of gas-poor, \ncrystal-rich dacite lava. The 2004-6 dacite is remarkably \nuniform in bulk-rock composition and, at 65 percent SiO<sub>2</sub>\n, \namong the richest in silica and most depleted in incompatible \nelements of the magmas erupted at Mount St. Helens during the past 500 years. Since shortly after the first spine of \nlava appeared, samples have been collected using a steel box \ndredge (“Jaws”) suspended 20-35 m below a helicopter and, \noccasionally, by hand sampling. As of the spring of 2006, 25 \nage-controlled samples have been collected from the seven \nspines of the new lava dome. Samples were obtained from \nboth the interiors of spines and from their carapaces, which \nare composed of fault gouge and cataclasite 1-2 m thick. The \ndacite lava is crystal rich, with 40-50 percent phenocrysts. \nThe groundmass is extensively crystallized to a cotectic \nassemblage of quartz, tridymite, and Na- and K-rich feldspar \nmicrolites, raising the total crystal content to more than 80 \npercent on a vesicle-free basis in all but the earliest erupted samples. Early samples and those collected from near the \nspine margin are more glassy and vesicular that those collected later and from the interior of the spines. Oxide thermobarometer determinations for the earliest erupted samples \nwe collected cluster at temperatures of approximately 850&deg;C \nand at an oxygen fugacity one log unit above the nickel-nickel \noxide (NNO) buffer curve. In contrast, samples from relatively glass-poor samples erupted in late 2004 and early 2005 \nhave zoned oxides with apparent temperatures that range to \ngreater than 950&deg;C. The higher temperatures in these microlite-rich rocks are attributed to latent heat evolved during \nextensive and rapid groundmass crystallization. Low volatile \ncontents of matrix glasses and presence of tridymite and \nquartz in the high-silica rhyolite matrix glass indicate extensive shallow (<1 km) crystallization of the matrix, driven by \ndegassing of water and solidifying the magma below the level \nof the vent. The mode of eruption of the dacite as a series of \nfault-gouge-mantled spines is explained by this process of \nextensive subvent degassing and solidification.\nAlthough the dacite from this eruption is more silica \nrich than 1980-86 dome rocks, most major and trace element \nconcentrations of the 1980-86 and 2004-6 magma batches are \nsimilar, and magmatic gas emissions have been low and have \nhad similar ratios to those of the 1980s, raising the possibility \nthat the magma might be residual from the 1980–86 reservoir. \nHowever, titanium and chromium are enriched slightly relative \nto the most recent 1980-86 and Goat Rocks (A.D. 1800-1857) \neruptive cycles, and heavy rare-earth-element abundances are \nslightly depleted relative to those erupted during the past 500 \nyears at Mount St. Helens. These data suggest either addition \nof new gas-poor dacite magma or tapping of a region of the \npreexisting reservoir that was not erupted previously.\nA relatively low pressure of last phenocryst growth \nsuggests that the magma was derived from near the apex of \nthe Mount St. Helens magma reservoir at a depth of about 5 km. Viewed in the context of seismic, deformation, and \ngas-emission data, the petrologic and geochemical data can \nbe explained by ascent of a geochemically distinct batch \nof magma into the apex of the reservoir during the period \n1987-97, followed by upward movement of magma into a new \nconduit beginning in late September 2004.\nThe question of new versus residual magma has implications for the long-term eruptive behavior of Mount St. Helens, \nbecause arrival of a new batch of dacitic magma from the deep \ncrust could herald the beginning of a new long-term cycle of \neruptive activity. It is also important to our understanding of \nwhat triggered the eruption and its future course. Two hypotheses for triggering are considered: (1) top-down fracturing \nrelated to the shallow groundwater system and (2) an increase \nin reservoir pressure brought about by recent magmatic replenishment. With respect to the future course of the eruption, \nsimilarities between textures and character of eruption of the \n2004-6 dome and the long-duration (greater than 100 years) \npre-1980 summit dome, along with the low eruptive rate of the \ncurrent eruption, suggest that the eruption could continue sluggishly or intermittently for years to come.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175030","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 30 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  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,{"id":70004408,"text":"70004408 - 2008 - Use of a groundwater flow model to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of faults in the Rialto-Colton Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T16:57:07.458815","indexId":"70004408","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:45:46","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of a groundwater flow model to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of faults in the Rialto-Colton Basin, California","docAbstract":"Faults within a groundwater basin can greatly influence the direction of groundwater flow and contaminant migration. Existing steady-state and transient groundwater flow models were used to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of two alternative fault configurations within the Rialto-Colton basin. Adjustments were made to the hydrologic properties of the faults and the location of the interface between the model cells that define the fault locations. The first configuration tested was the reorientation of Barrier H, a mapped fault that has been subject to various interpretations. The second configuration tested included the redefined Barrier H and a single composite of two previously unmapped faults. Steady-state and transient simulations for both alternative models produced good overall fits to the measured data and are similar to those of the existing model. However, the second alternative fault configuration better represents the available data.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2008: Ground water and public policy — Conference proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2008: Ground Water and Public Policy","conferenceDate":"May 18-21, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Golden, Colorado, United States","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., 2008, Use of a groundwater flow model to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of faults in the Rialto-Colton Basin, California, <i>in</i> MODFLOW and More 2008: Ground water and public policy — Conference proceedings, Golden, Colorado, United States, May 18-21, 2008, p. 78-82.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"82","ipdsId":"IP-005019","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rialto-Colton Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.3065185546875,\n              34.01396527491264\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.11975097656249,\n              34.10611931869012\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.42187500000001,\n              34.24132422972854\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.61001586914062,\n              34.15272698011818\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3065185546875,\n              34.01396527491264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poeter, Eileen","contributorId":24616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838668,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838669,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":214041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16675,"text":"U Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236321,"text":"70236321 - 2008 - Preface","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70236321,"text":"70236321 - 2008 - Preface","indexId":"70236321","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Preface"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T13:52:42.649286","indexId":"70236321","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:38:42","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S.L., Kubicki, J.D., and White, A.F., 2008, Preface, chap. <i>of</i> Kinetics of water-rock interaction, p. v-vii, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"vii","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70236318,"text":"70236318 - 2008 - Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","indexId":"70236318","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70236321,"text":"70236321 - 2008 - Preface","indexId":"70236321","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Preface"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T16:32:36.049889","indexId":"70236319","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:28:59","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S.L., Kubicki, J.D., and White, A.F., 2008, Kinetics of water-rock interaction, 833 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4.","productDescription":"833 p.","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70236318,"text":"70236318 - 2008 - Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70236318,"text":"70236318 - 2008 - Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","indexId":"70236318","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T14:23:31.651347","indexId":"70236318","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:23:59","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Silicate minerals, constituting more than 90% of the rocks exposed at the earth’s surface, are commonly formed under temperature and pressure conditions that make them inherently unstable in surficial environments. Undoubtedly, the most significant aspect of chemical weathering resulting from this instability is the formation of soils which makes life possible on the surface of the earth. Many soil macronutrients in this “critical zone” are directly related to the rate at which primary minerals weather (Huntington, 1995; Chadwick et al., 2003). Chemical weathering also creates economically significant ore deposits, such as those for Al and U (Samma, 1986; Misra, 2000), as well as potentially releasing high concentrations of toxic trace elements such as Se and As (Frankenberger and Benson, 1994). Silicate weathering is a significant buffer to acidification caused by atmospheric deposition (Driscoll et al., 1989) and from land use practices (Farley and Werritty, 1989). Atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;levels have been primarily controlled by the balance between silicate weathering and the rate of volcanic inputs from the Earth’s interior, a relationship which may explain long-term climate stability (Ruddiman, 1997)</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4_10","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., 2008, Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates, chap. <i>of</i> Kinetics of water-rock interaction, p. 469-543, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4_10.","productDescription":"75 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"543","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L.","contributorId":38461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047407,"text":"pp175027 - 2008 - Chlorine degassing during the lava dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:44:48","indexId":"pp175027","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-27","displayTitle":"Chlorine degassing during the lava dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005: Chapter 27 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Chlorine degassing during the lava dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"Remote measurements of volcanic gases from the \nMount St. Helens lava dome were carried out using OpenPath Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy on August 31, \n2005. Measurements were performed at a site ~1 km from \nthe lava dome, which was used as a source of IR radiation. \nOn average, during the period of measurement, the volcanic \ngas contained 99 mol percent H<sub>2</sub>\nO, 0.78 percent CO<sub>2</sub>\n, 0.095 \npercent HCl, 0.085 percent SO<sub>2</sub>\n, 0.027 percent HF, 4.8×10<sup>-4</sup>\npercent CO, and 2.5×10<sup>-4</sup> percent COS close to the active \nvent. The fluxes of these species, constrained by synchronous \nmeasurements of SO<sub>2</sub>\n flux, were 7,200 t/d H<sub>2</sub>\nO, 140 t/d CO<sub>2</sub>\n, \n22 t/d SO<sub>2</sub>\n, 14 t/d HCl, 2.0 t/d HF, 54 kg/d CO, and 59 kg/d \nCOS, &plusmn;20 percent. Observations of H<sub>2</sub>\nO/Cl in the vapor and \nmelt are compared to models of closed- and open-system \ndegassing and to models where a closed system dominates \nto depths as shallow as ~1 km, and gases are then allowed \nto escape through a permeable bubble network. Although \nseveral features are consistent with this model--for example, \n(1) H<sub>2</sub>\nO/Cl in the gases emitted from stagnant parts of the \nlava dome, (2) the concentration of Cl in the matrix glass of \nerupted dacite, and (3) the glass H<sub>2</sub>\nO/Cl--the gases emitted \nfrom the active part of the lava dome have much higher H<sub>2</sub>\nO/\nCl than expected. These higher H<sub>2</sub>\nO/Cl levels result from \na combination of two factors (1) the addition of substantial \namounts of ground water or glacier-derived H<sub>2</sub>\nO to the gases \nat shallow depths, such that only ~10 mol percent of the measured H<sub>2</sub>\nO is magmatic, and (or) (2) some Cl present as alkali \nchloride (NaCl and KCl) in the gas phase. The mean molar \nCl/S is similar to gases measured at other silicic subductionzone volcanoes during effusive activity; this may be due to the influence of Cl in the vapor on S solubility in the melt, \nwhich produces a solubility maximum for S at vapor Cl/S ~1.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175027","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 27 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Edmonds, M., McGee, K.A., and Doukas, M.P., 2008, Chlorine degassing during the lava dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-27, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175027.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175027.png"},{"id":276023,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter27.pdf"},{"id":276022,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"}],"country":"United States","city":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c960e4b009d47a4c235f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509518,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509520,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509519,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Edmonds, Marie","contributorId":45991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047405,"text":"pp175025 - 2008 - Pre- and post-eruptive investigations of gas and water samples from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2002 to 2005","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70047405,"text":"pp175025 - 2008 - Pre- and post-eruptive investigations of gas and water samples from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2002 to 2005","indexId":"pp175025","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Pre- and post-eruptive investigations of gas and water samples from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2002 to 2005: Chapter 25 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","title":"Pre- and post-eruptive investigations of gas and water samples from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2002 to 2005"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97424,"text":"pp1750 - 2008 - A volcano rekindled: The renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","indexId":"pp1750","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"A volcano rekindled: The renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97424,"text":"pp1750 - 2008 - A volcano rekindled: The renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","indexId":"pp1750","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"A volcano rekindled: The renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:43:53","indexId":"pp175025","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-25","displayTitle":"Pre- and post-eruptive investigations of gas and water samples from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2002 to 2005: Chapter 25 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","title":"Pre- and post-eruptive investigations of gas and water samples from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2002 to 2005","docAbstract":"Samples of gas and water from thermal springs in \nLoowit and Step canyons and creeks that drain the crater at \nMount St. Helens have been collected since October 2004 \nto monitor the flux of dissolved magmatic volatiles in the \nhydrologic system. The changing composition of the waters \nhighlights a trend that began as early as 1994 and includes \ndecreasing SO<sub>4</sub>\n and Cl concentrations and large increases in \nHCO<sub>3</sub>\n. Geochemical models indicate that mineral sources and \nsinks are not the main controls on the changing water chemistry, and carbon and helium isotopes indicate that their sources \nin the gases and waters have remained unchanged during \nthis time. The present-day molar ratios of C, S, and Cl in the \nsprings approximate ratios measured in plume emissions in \nAugust 2005 and provide supporting evidence that changes \nin water chemistry most likely reflect changes in the release \nrates of sulfur gases, HCl, and CO<sub>2</sub>\n from the magma and a \nvarying degree of efficiency of gas scrubbing by the overlying \nwater. Results from coupled chemical analyses and discharge \nmeasurements on the creeks yield an estimate of the dissolved \nflux of magmatic HCl, SO<sub>2</sub>\n, and CO<sub>2</sub>\n of around 5.2, 4.7, and \n22 metric tons per day, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175025","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., McGee, K.A., and Spicer, K.R., 2008, Pre- and post-eruptive investigations of gas and water samples from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2002 to 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-25, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175025.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"542","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175025.png"},{"id":276009,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":276008,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter25.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 25 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c966e4b009d47a4c23b2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509512,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509514,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70204145,"text":"70204145 - 2008 - Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-09T10:43:23","indexId":"70204145","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T10:29:48","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Healthy&nbsp;riparian ecosystems&nbsp;in arid and&nbsp;semi-arid regions&nbsp;exhibit shifting patterns of vegetation in response to periodic flooding. Their conditions also depend upon the amount of&nbsp;grazing&nbsp;and other human uses. Taking advantage of these system properties, we developed and tested an approach that utilizes historical&nbsp;</span>Landsat<span>&nbsp;data to track changes in the patterns of greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) within&nbsp;riparian zones. We tested the approach in the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona of the US, an unimpounded river system that flows north into the US from northern Mexico. We evaluated changes in the pattern of greenness in the San Pedro River National Conservation Area (SPRNCA), an area protected from grazing and development since 1988, and in a relatively unprotected area north of the SPRNCA (NA). The SPRNCA exhibited greater positive changes in greenness than did the NA. The SPRNCA also exhibited larger, more continuous patches of positive change than did the NA. These pattern differences may reflect greater pressures from grazing and&nbsp;urban sprawl&nbsp;in the NA than in the SPRNCA, as well as differences in&nbsp;floodplain&nbsp;width, depth to&nbsp;ground water, and base geology. The SPRNCA has greater amounts of ground and surface water available to support a riparian gallery forest than does the NA, and this may have influenced changes during the study period.</span></p><p><span>Estimates of the direction of greenness change (positive or negative) from&nbsp;satellite imagery&nbsp;were similar to estimates derived from&nbsp;</span>aerial photography<span>, except in areas where changes were from one type of shrub community to another, and in areas with agriculture. Change estimates in these areas may be more difficult because of relatively low greenness values, and because of differences in&nbsp;soil moisture, sun-angle, and&nbsp;crop rotations&nbsp;among the dates of data collection. The potential for applying a satellite-based, greenness change approach to evaluate riparian ecosystem condition over broad geographic areas is also discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.001","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.B., Edmonds, C.M., Slonecker, E.T., Wickham, J., Neale, A., Wade, T., Riitters, K.H., and Kepner, W., 2008, Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 8, no. 1, p. 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.59,\n              31.335\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.59,\n              31.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              31.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              31.335\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.59,\n              31.335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmonds, Curtis M.","contributorId":206574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmonds","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503 tslonecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":168591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"tslonecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wickham, James","contributorId":140259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neale, Anne","contributorId":43275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neale","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wade, Timothy G.","contributorId":48845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"Timothy G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Riitters, Kurt H. 0000-0003-3901-4453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-4453","contributorId":139788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riitters","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kepner, William","contributorId":9214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepner","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047338,"text":"pp17501 - 2008 - Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T10:52:31","indexId":"pp17501","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T09:59:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-1","displayTitle":"Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 1 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Rapid onset of unrest at Mount St. Helens on September 23, 2004, initiated an uninterrupted lava-dome-building eruption that continues to the time of writing this overview (spring 2006) for a volume of papers focused on this eruption. About three weeks of intense seismic unrest and localized surface uplift, punctuated by four brief explosions, constituted a ventclearing phase, during which there was a frenzy of media attention and considerable uncertainty regarding the likely course of the eruption. The third week exhibited lessened seismicity and only minor venting of steam and ash, but rapid growth of the uplift, or welt, south of the 1980-86 lava dome proceeded as magma continued to push upward. Crystalrich dacite (~65 weight percent SiO<sub>2</sub>) lava first appeared at the surface on October 11, 2004, beginning the growth of a complex lava dome of uniform chemical composition accompanied by persistent but low levels of seismicity, rare explosions, low gas emissions, and frequent rockfalls. Petrologic studies suggest that the dome lava is chiefly of 1980s vintage, but with an admixed portion of new dacite. Alternatively, it may derive from a part of the magma chamber not tapped by 1980s eruptions. Regardless, detailed investigations of crystal chemistry, melt inclusions, and isotopes reveal a complex magmatic history. Largely episodic extrusion between 1980 and 1986 produced a relatively symmetrical lava dome composed of stubby lobes. In contrast, continuous extrusion at mean rates of about 5 m<sup>3</sup>/s in autumn 2004 to <1 m<sup>3</sup>/s in early 2006 has produced an east-west ridge of three mounds with total volume about equal to that of the old dome. During much of late 2004 to summer 2005, a succession of spines, two recumbent and one steeply sloping and each mantled by striated gouge, grew to nearly 500 m in length in the southeastern sector of the 1980 crater and later disintegrated into two mounds. Since then, growth has been concentrated in the southwestern sector, producing a relatively symmetrical mound with steep gougecovered slabs on its east flank. Throughout the eruption, the position of the extrusive vent has remained more or less fixed. Lack of geodetic evidence for either volume increase or pressure increase in the deep magmatic system since about 1990 and geodetic modeling that can account for only 20 to 30 percent of the 2004-to-present dome volume puzzles geodesists. Better constraints on parameters such as magma-chamber volume, crustal properties, and magma compressibility are needed to improve the models. Development of the welt and the new dome bisected horseshoe-shaped Crater Glacier, which formerly wrapped around three sides of the 1980s dome, and fractured, compressed, and thickened the glacier’s surviving east and west arms. Doubling of ice thickness resulted in increased flow rate and advance of termini, although rapid infiltration of water into the highly porous glacier bed prevented substantial basal sliding. Overall, dome growth and disintegration has removed surprisingly little ice. The outcome of the ongoing eruption remains uncertain, but Mount St. Helens’ varied eruptive history suggests multiple possibilities. One dynamical model and several petrologic investigations regard the current eruption as an extension of 1980s dome building that may persist continuously or episodically for years to come.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17501","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 1 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Scott, W.E., Sherrod, D.R., and Gardner, C.A., 2008, Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-1, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17501.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17501.jpg"},{"id":275664,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275665,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter01.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca7ae4b04b00e3d89074","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509440,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509441,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Cynthia A. 0000-0002-6214-6182 cgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6182","contributorId":1959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048656,"text":"70048656 - 2008 - Relating streamflow characteristics to specialized insectivores in the Tennessee River Valley: a regional approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T09:56:45","indexId":"70048656","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating streamflow characteristics to specialized insectivores in the Tennessee River Valley: a regional approach","docAbstract":"Analysis of hydrologic time series and fish community data across the Tennessee River Valley identified three hydrologic metrics essential to habitat suitability and food availability for insectivorous fish communities in streams of the Tennessee River Valley: constancy (flow stability or temporal invariance), frequency of moderate flooding (frequency of habitat disturbance), and rate of streamflow recession. Initial datasets included 1100 fish community sites and 300 streamgages. Reduction of these datasets to sites with coexisting data yielded 33 sites with streamflow and fish community data for analysis. Identification of critical hydrologic metrics was completed using a multivariate correlation procedure that maximizes the rank correlation between the hydrologic metrics and fish community resemblance matrices. Quantile regression was used to define thresholds of potential ranges of insectivore scores for given values of the hydrologic metrics. Increased values of constancy and insectivore scores were positively correlated. Constancy of streamflow maintains wetted perimeter, which is important for providing habitat for fish spawning and increased surface area for invertebrate colonization and reproduction. Site scores for insectivorous fish increased as the frequency of moderate flooding (3 times the median annual streamflow) decreased, suggesting that insectivorous fish communities respond positively to less frequent disturbance and a more stable habitat. Increased streamflow recession rates were associated with decreased insectivore scores. Increased streamflow recession can strand fish in pools and other areas that are disconnected from flowing water and remove invertebrates as food sources that were suspended during high-streamflow events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.32","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Gregory, M.B., and Wales, A.K., 2008, Relating streamflow characteristics to specialized insectivores in the Tennessee River Valley: a regional approach: Ecohydrology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 394-407, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.32.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-006881","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278503,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.32"},{"id":278505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.17,34.11 ], [ -91.17,36.68 ], [ -80.75,36.68 ], [ -80.75,34.11 ], [ -91.17,34.11 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270d90ae4b0f7a10664fbec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregory, M. Brian","contributorId":105772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wales, Amy K.","contributorId":108021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wales","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199707,"text":"70199707 - 2008 - Subsidence reversal in a re-establish wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T09:35:05","indexId":"70199707","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T09:32:56","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidence reversal in a re-establish wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The stability of levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is threatened by continued subsidence of Delta peat islands. Up to 6 meters of land-surface elevation has been lost in the 150 years since Delta marshes were leveed and drained, primarily from oxidation of peat soils. Flooding subsided peat islands halts peat oxidation by creating anoxic soils, but net accumulation of new material in restored wetlands is required to recover land-surface elevations. We investigated the subsidence reversal potential of two 3 hectare, permanently flooded, impounded wetlands re-established on a deeply subsided field on Twitchell Island. The shallower wetland (design water depth 25 cm) was almost completely colonized by dense emergent marsh vegetation within two years; whereas, the deeper wetland (design water depth 55 cm) which developed spatially variable depths as a result of heterogeneous colonization by emergent vegetation, still had some areas remaining as open water after nine years. Changes in land-surface elevation were quantified using repeated sedimentation-erosion table measurements. New material accumulating in the wetlands was sampled by coring.</p><p>Land-surface elevations increased by an average of 4 cm/yr in both wetlands from 1997 to 2006; however, the rates at different sites in the wetlands ranged from -0.5 to +9.2 cm/yr. Open water areas of the deeper wetland without emergent vegetation had the lowest rates of land-surface elevation gain. The greatest rates occurred in areas of the deeper wetland most isolated from the river water inlets, with dense stands of emergent marsh vegetation (tules and cattails). Vegetated areas of the deeper wetland in the transition zones between open water and mature emergent stands had intermediate rates of land-surface gain, as did the entire shallower wetland. These results suggest that the dominant component contributing to land-surface elevation gain in these wetlands was accumulation of organic matter, rather than mineral sediment, and that accumulation of organic matter in emergent marshes is strongly affected by hydrologic factors. Re-established, non-tidal wetlands with managed hydrology can produce significant increases in land-surface elevations, which can help to improve levee stability and protect subsided islands from future flooding.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., Fram, M.S., Fujii, R., and Wheeler, G.A., 2008, Subsidence reversal in a re-establish wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 6, no. 3, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j76502x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10d476e4b034bf6a7fa23e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":746284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":167499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheeler, Gail A.","contributorId":57141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70094198,"text":"70094198 - 2008 - Integration of regional hydrologic modeling using FORTRAN and ArcGIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-18T09:08:41","indexId":"70094198","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T09:03:53","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of regional hydrologic modeling using FORTRAN and ArcGIS","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Impact","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., and Flint, L.E., 2008, Integration of regional hydrologic modeling using FORTRAN and ArcGIS: Water Resources Impact, v. 10, no. 1, p. 31-35.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-003555","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282491,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/impact/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.0,16.916667 ], [ 73.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 73.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355947ce4b0120853e8c02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200495,"text":"70200495 - 2008 - Seasonal and spatial variability in dissolved organic matter quantity and composition from the Yukon River basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:55:49","indexId":"70200495","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T08:55:29","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and spatial variability in dissolved organic matter quantity and composition from the Yukon River basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>The seasonal and spatial variability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and chemical composition were investigated in the Yukon River basin of Alaska, United States, and northwestern Canada. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chromophoric DOM (CDOM), and dissolved lignin phenols were measured across a range of source waters and the seasonal hydrograph. Strong relationships were determined between CDOM and both DOC and lignin phenols, highlighting the potential for deriving detailed spatial and temporal distributions of DOM composition from CDOM monitoring. Maximum concentrations of measured parameters were observed during the spring flush, when DOM had a remarkably high content of aromatic vascular plant material derived from surface soil and litter layers. A larger portion of riverine DOM was attributed to vascular plant sources than previously believed by utilizing representative vegetation leachates and a soil pore water as end‐members. In combination with recent studies highlighting export of young, labile DOM during the spring flush in northern high‐latitude river systems, our results suggest riverine DOM is less degraded and more labile than previously thought with clear ramifications for its biomineralization or photo‐oxidation in marine environments.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GB003231","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Aiken, G., Wickland, K.P., Striegl, R., and Hernes, P.J., 2008, Seasonal and spatial variability in dissolved organic matter quantity and composition from the Yukon River basin, Alaska: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 22, no. 4, GB4002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003231.","productDescription":"GB4002","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gb003231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10d476e4b034bf6a7fa242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":208803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Rob","contributorId":208472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Rob","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":85311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}