{"pageNumber":"904","pageRowStart":"22575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40797,"records":[{"id":70047169,"text":"70047169 - 2008 - Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:02:39","indexId":"70047169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe the results from an application of a distributed, transient infiltration&ndash;slope-stability model for an 18&thinsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;area of southwestern Seattle, Washington, USA. The model (TRIGRS) combines an infinite slope-stability calculation and an analytic, one-dimensional solution for pore-pressure diffusion in a soil layer of finite depth in response to time-varying rainfall. The transient solution for pore-pressure response can be superposed on any steady-state groundwater-flow field that is consistent with model assumptions. Applied over digital topography, the model computes a factor of safety for each grid cell at any time during a rainstorm. Input variables may vary from cell to cell, and the rainfall rate can vary in both space and time. For Seattle, topographic slope derived from an airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM)&ndash;based 3&thinsp;m digital elevation model (DEM), maps of soil and water-table depths derived from geotechnical borings, and hourly rainfall intensities were used as model inputs. Material strength and hydraulic properties used in the model were determined from field and laboratory measurements, and a tension-saturated initial condition was assumed. Results are given in terms of a destabilizing intensity and duration of rainfall, and they were evaluated by comparing the locations of 212 historical landslides with the area mapped as potentially unstable. Because the equations of groundwater flow are explicitly solved with respect to time, the results from TRIGRS simulations can be portrayed quantitatively to assess the potential landslide hazard based on rainfall conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(08)","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., Schulz, W.H., Baum, R.L., and Savage, W.Z., 2008, Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 137-152, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(08).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.71865844726561,\n              47.1813125359862\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.71865844726561,\n              48.04320138974934\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82464599609375,\n              48.04320138974934\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82464599609375,\n              47.1813125359862\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.71865844726561,\n              47.1813125359862\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f3e4b0b09fbe58f1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, William H.","contributorId":91927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043510,"text":"70043510 - 2008 - Reevaluation of the macroseismic effects of the 1887 Sonora, Mexico earthquake and its magnitude estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T11:30:49","indexId":"70043510","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5087,"text":"Geo-UNAM : boletín informativo del área de ciencias de la tierra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reevaluation of the macroseismic effects of the 1887 Sonora, Mexico earthquake and its magnitude estimation","docAbstract":"<p>The Sonora, Mexico, earthquake of 3 May 1887 occurred a few years before the start of the instrumental era in seismology. We revisit all available accounts of the earthquake and assign Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI), interpreting and analyzing macroseismic information using the best available modern methods. We find that earlier intensity assignments for this important earthquake were unjustifiably high in many cases. High intensity values were assigned based on accounts of rock falls, soil failure or changes in the water table, which are now known to be very poor indicators of shaking severity and intensity. Nonetheless, reliable accounts reveal that light damage (intensity VI) occurred at distances of up to ~200 km in both Mexico and the United States. The resulting set of 98 reevaluated intensity values is used to draw an isoseismal map of this event. Using the attenuation relation proposed by Bakun (2006b), we estimate an optimal moment magnitude of M<sub>w</sub>7.6. Assuming this magnitude is correct, a fact supported independently by documented rupture parameters assuming standard scaling relations, our results support the conclusion that northern Sonora as well as the Basin and Range province are characterized by lower attenuation of intensities than California. However, this appears to be at odds with recent results that L<sub>g</sub> attenuation in the Basin and Range province is comparable to that in California.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México","publisherLocation":"México, D.F.","usgsCitation":"Suarez, G., and Hough, S.E., 2008, Reevaluation of the macroseismic effects of the 1887 Sonora, Mexico earthquake and its magnitude estimation: Geo-UNAM : boletín informativo del área de ciencias de la tierra, p. 1-15.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011480","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://usuarios.geofisica.unam.mx/cruz/Sismociones_Libres/Biblio_Sismocion/Sonora_v5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":323987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Sonora, Basin and Range province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              31.74685416292141\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.478515625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.478515625,\n              31.74685416292141\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              31.74685416292141\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e6e4b07657d19ff24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, Gerardo","contributorId":146425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suarez","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194292,"text":"70194292 - 2008 - Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:25:54","indexId":"70194292","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>High spatial and spectral resolution reflectance data acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument reveal the presence of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O- and SiOH-bearing phases on the Martian surface. The spectra are most consistent with opaline silica and glass altered to various degrees, confirming predictions based on geochemical experiments and models that amorphous silica should be a common weathering product of the basaltic Martian crust. These materials are associated with hydrated Fe sulfates, including H</span><sub>3</sub><span>O-bearing jarosite, and are found in finely stratified deposits exposed on the floor of and on the plains surrounding the Valles Marineris canyon system. Stratigraphic relationships place the formation age of these deposits in the late Hesperian or possibly the Amazonian, implying that aqueous alteration continued to be an important and regionally extensive process on Mars during that time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24967A.1","usgsCitation":"Milliken, R.E., Swayze, G.A., Arvidson, R.E., Bishop, J., Clark, R.N., Ehlmann, B.L., Green, R., Grotzinger, J., Morris, R., Murchie, S.L., Mustard, J.F., and Weitz, C., 2008, Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars: Geology, v. 36, no. 11, p. 847-850, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24967A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"850","ipdsId":"IP-005006","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8ee4b06e28e9c257df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milliken, Ralph E.","contributorId":113334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, Janice L","contributorId":156315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Janice L","affiliations":[{"id":20310,"text":"SETI Institute, 89 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA, USA 94043","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ehlmann, Bethany L. 0000-0002-2745-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3240","contributorId":147154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":56271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grotzinger, John P.","contributorId":22247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":173327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27209,"text":"NASA Johnson Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L. 0000-0002-1616-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1616-8751","contributorId":189161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mustard, John F.","contributorId":189152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mustard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Weitz, C.","contributorId":107409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70030546,"text":"70030546 - 2008 - Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030546","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions","docAbstract":"We construct a viscoelastic cycle model of plate boundary deformation that includes the effect of time-dependent interseismic strain accumulation, coseismic strain release, and viscoelastic relaxation of the substrate beneath the seismogenic crust. For a given fault system, time-averaged stress changes at any point (not on a fault) are constrained to zero; that is, kinematic consistency is enforced for the fault system. The dates of last rupture, mean recurrence times, and the slip distributions of the (assumed) repeating ruptures are key inputs into the viscoelastic cycle model. This simple formulation allows construction of stress evolution at all points in the plate boundary zone for purposes of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Stress evolution is combined with a Coulomb failure stress threshold at representative points on the fault segments to estimate the times of their respective future ruptures. In our PSHA we consider uncertainties in a four-dimensional parameter space: the rupture peridocities, slip distributions, time of last earthquake (for prehistoric ruptures) and Coulomb failure stress thresholds. We apply this methodology to the San Francisco Bay region using a recently determined fault chronology of area faults. Assuming single-segment rupture scenarios, we find that fature rupture probabilities of area faults in the coming decades are the highest for the southern Hayward, Rodgers Creek, and northern Calaveras faults. This conclusion is qualitatively similar to that of Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, but the probabilities derived here are significantly higher. Given that fault rupture probabilities are highly model-dependent, no single model should be used to assess to time-dependent rupture probabilities. We suggest that several models, including the present one, be used in a comprehensive PSHA methodology, as was done by Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005227","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Schwartz, D.P., 2008, Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005227.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476717,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005227","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005227"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c9de4b0c8380cd7e7b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193770,"text":"70193770 - 2008 - Levee evaluation using MASW: Preliminary findings from the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:54:01","indexId":"70193770","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Levee evaluation using MASW: Preliminary findings from the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The utility of the multi‐channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method for non‐invasive assessment of earthen levees was evaluated for a section of the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana. This test was conducted after the New Orleans' area levee system had been stressed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The MASW data were acquired in a seismically noisy, urban environment using an accelerated weight‐drop seismic source and a towed seismic land streamer. Much of the seismic data were contaminated with higher‐order mode guided‐waves, requiring application of muting filtering techniques to improve interpretability of the dispersion curves. Comparison of shear‐wave velocity sections with boring logs suggests the existence of four distinct horizontal layers within and beneath the levee: (1) the levee core, (2) the levee basal layer of fat clay, (3) a sublevel layer of silty sand, and (4) underlying Pleistocene deposits of sandy lean clay. Along the surveyed section of levee, lateral variations in shear‐wave velocity are interpreted as changes in material rigidity, suggestive of construction or geologic heterogeneity, or possibly, that dynamic processes (such as differential settlement) are affecting discrete levee areas. The results of this study suggest that the MASW method is a geophysical tool with significant potential for non‐invasive characterization of vertical and horizontal variations in levee material shear strength. Additional work, however, is needed to fully understand and address the complex seismic wave propagation in levee structures.</span><span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008","doi":"10.4133/1.2963312","usgsCitation":"Lane, J.W., Ivanov, J.M., Day-Lewis, F.D., Clemens, D., Patev, R., and Miller, R.D., 2008, Levee evaluation using MASW: Preliminary findings from the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 703-712, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2963312.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"712","ipdsId":"IP-003947","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","otherGeospatial":"Citrus Lakefront Levee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.2801513671875,\n              29.864465259258\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93682861328125,\n              29.864465259258\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93682861328125,\n              30.0405664305846\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2801513671875,\n              30.0405664305846\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2801513671875,\n              29.864465259258\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719272e4b0a9a2e9dbde36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivanov, Julian M.","contributorId":80844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemens, Drew","contributorId":199902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clemens","given":"Drew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patev, Robert","contributorId":199912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patev","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Richard D.","contributorId":56406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70198270,"text":"70198270 - 2008 - Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:34:04.168925","indexId":"70198270","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli","docAbstract":"<p><span>Modeling of very long period seismic data recorded during explosive activity at Stromboli in 1997 provides an image of the uppermost 1 km of its volcanic plumbing system. Two distinct dike-like conduit structures are identified, each representative of explosive eruptions from two different vents located near the northern and southern perimeters of the summit crater. Inferred volumetric changes in the dikes are viewed as the result of a piston-like action of the magma associated with the disruption of a gas slug transiting through discontinuities in the dike apertures. Accompanying these volumetric source components are single vertical forces resulting from an exchange of linear momentum between the source and the Earth. In the dike system underlying the northern vent, a primary disruption site is inferred at an elevation near 440 m where a bifurcation in the conduit occurs. At a depth of 80 m below sea level (bsl), a sharp corner in the conduit marks another location where the elastic response of the solid to the action of the upper source induces pressure and momentum changes in the magma. In the conduit underlying the southern vent, the junction of two inclined dikes with a subvertical dike at 520 m of elevation is a primary site of gas slug disruption, and another conduit corner 280 m bsl represents a coupling location between the elastic response of the solid and fluid motion.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Stromboli volcano: An integrated study of the 2002-2003 eruption","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/182GM08","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P.B., and Martini, M., 2008, Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli, chap. <i>of</i> The Stromboli volcano: An integrated study of the 2002-2003 eruption, v. 182, p. 81-92, https://doi.org/10.1029/182GM08.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              15.213661193847658,\n              38.81189098781871\n            ],\n            [\n              15.190315246582033,\n              38.79771102715645\n            ],\n            [\n              15.184478759765627,\n              38.790753788294424\n            ],\n            [\n              15.191688537597654,\n              38.7800490179011\n            ],\n            [\n              15.201988220214846,\n              38.77656962147866\n            ],\n            [\n              15.215721130371096,\n             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Sonia","contributorId":168721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvari","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inguaggiato, Salvatore","contributorId":138807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inguaggiato","given":"Salvatore","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12533,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Palermo- Via Ugo La Malfa, 153,  90146 Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puglisi, Giuseppe","contributorId":192763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puglisi","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ripepe, Maurizio","contributorId":169435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ripepe","given":"Maurizio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosi, Mauro","contributorId":206499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosi","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, Marcello","contributorId":206498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martini","given":"Marcello","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033528,"text":"70033528 - 2008 - M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033528","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes","docAbstract":"Using a magnitude (M)-log area (A) dataset augmented with seven large (M > 7.0) earthquakes occurring since Wells and Coppersmith (1994), this short note assesses the current validity of the bilinear M-log A relations for continental, strike-slip earthquakes proposed by Hanks and Bakun (2002), in particular the L-model scaling at M > 7. The relations determined by Hanks and Bakun (2002) are only insignificantly altered, leaving these bilinear M-log A relations as valid now as when first proposed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070174","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., and Bakun, W.H., 2008, M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 1, p. 490-494, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070174.","startPage":"490","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070174"},{"id":241856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa8e4b0c8380cd68f31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003742,"text":"1003742 - 2008 - Modest genetic differentiation among North American populations of Sarcocystic neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-23T12:48:25","indexId":"1003742","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3686,"text":"Veterinary Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modest genetic differentiation among North American populations of Sarcocystic neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range","docAbstract":"<p>Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of neurological disease in horses (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, EPM) and sea otters in the United States. In addition, EPM-like disease has been diagnosed in several other land and marine mammals. Opossums are its only definitive hosts. Little genetic diversity among isolates of S. neurona from different hosts has been reported. Here, we used 11 microsatellites to characterize S. neurona DNA isolated from natural infections in 22 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from California and Washington and in 11 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 1 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) from Wisconsin. By jointly analyzing these 34 isolates with 26 isolates previously reported, we determined that geographic barriers may limit S. neurona dispersal and that only a limited subset of possible parasite genotypes may have been introduced to recently established opossum populations. Moreover, our study confirms that diverse intermediate hosts share a common infection source, the opossum (Didelphis virginiana).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sundar, N., Asmundsson, I., Thomas, N., Samuel, M., Dubey, J., and Rosenthal, B., 2008, Modest genetic differentiation among North American populations of Sarcocystic neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range: Veterinary Parasitology, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 8-15.","productDescription":"p. 8-15","startPage":"8","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15519,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubey, J. P.","contributorId":80609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenthal, B.M.","contributorId":54150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenthal","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":86138,"text":"ofr20081251 - 2008 - Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20081251","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1251","title":"Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","docAbstract":"The Yakima River Decision Support System (YRDSS) was designed to quantify and display the consequences of different water management scenarios for a variety of state variables in the upper Yakima River Basin, located in central Washington. The impetus for the YRDSS was the Yakima River Basin Water Storage Feasibility Study, which investigated alternatives for providing additional water in the basin for threatened and endangered fish, irrigated agriculture, and municipal water supply. The additional water supplies would be provided by combinations of water exchanges, pumping stations, and off-channel storage facilities, each of which could affect the operations of the Bureau of Reclamation's (BOR) five headwaters reservoirs in the basin. The driver for the YRDSS is RiverWare, a systems-operations model used by BOR to calculate reservoir storage, irrigation deliveries, and streamflow at downstream locations resulting from changes in water supply and reservoir operations. The YRDSS uses output from RiverWare to calculate and summarize changes at 5 important flood plain reaches in the basin to 14 state variables: (1) habitat availability for selected life stages of four salmonid species, (2) spawning-incubation habitat persistence, (3) potential redd scour, (4) maximum water temperatures, (5) outmigration for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from headwaters reservoirs, (6) outmigration of salmon smolts from Cle Elum Reservoir, (7) frequency of beneficial overbank flooding, (8) frequency of damaging flood events, (9) total deliverable water supply, (10) total water supply deliverable to junior water rights holders, (11) end-of-year reservoir carryover, (12) potential fine sediment transport rates, (13) frequency of events capable of armor layer disruption, and (14) geomorphic work performed during each water year. Output of the YRDSS consists of a series of conditionally formatted scoring tables, wherein the changes to a state variable resulting from an operational scenario are compiled and summarized. Increases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds to turn green in the scoring matrix, whereas decreases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds turning red. This convention was designed to provide decision makers with a quick visual assessment of the overall results of an operating scenario. An evaluation matrix and a variety of weighting strategies to reflect the relative importance of different state variables are also presented as options for further distillation of YRDSS results during the decision-making process.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081251","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., Waddle, T.J., Talbert, C., Hatten, J.R., and Batt, T.R., 2008, Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1251, xviii, 289 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081251.","productDescription":"xviii, 289 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,46 ], [ -121.75,47.5 ], [ -119,47.5 ], [ -119,46 ], [ -121.75,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batt, Thomas R. tbatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batt","given":"Thomas","email":"tbatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033337,"text":"70033337 - 2008 - Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of tamarix spp. on the lower colorado river: Implications for restoration and water management projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033337","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of tamarix spp. on the lower colorado river: Implications for restoration and water management projects","docAbstract":"Tamarix spp. removal has been proposed to salvage water and allow native vegetation to recolonize western U.S. riparian corridors. We conducted wide-area studies on the Lower Colorado River to answer some of the scientific questions about Tamarix water use and the consequences of removal, combining ground surveys with remote sensing methods. Tamarix stands had moderate rates of evapotranspiration (ET), based on remote sensing estimates, averaging 1.1 m/yr, similar to rates determined for other locations on the river and other rivers. Leaf area index values were also moderate, and stands were relatively open, with areas of bare soil interspersed within stands. At three Tamarix sites in the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, groundwater salinity at the site nearest to the river (200 m) was relatively low (circa 2,250 mg/L) and was within 3 m of the surface. However, 750 and 1,500 m from the river, the groundwater salinity was 5,000-10,000 mg/L due to removal of water by the Tamarix stands. Despite the high groundwater salinity, the sites away from the river did not have saline surface soils. Only 1% of the mean annual river flow is lost to Tamarix ET on the Lower Colorado River in the United States, and the opportunities for water salvage through Tamarix removal are constrained by its modest ET rates. A possible alternative to Tamarix removal is to intersperse native plants among the stands to improve the habitat value of the riparian zone. ?? 2008 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00356.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P., Glenn, E.P., Didan, K., Osterberg, J., Jordan, F., and Cunningham, J., 2008, Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of tamarix spp. on the lower colorado river: Implications for restoration and water management projects: Restoration Ecology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 136-145, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00356.x.","startPage":"136","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213319,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00356.x"},{"id":240932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0ade4b08c986b32efc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, K.","contributorId":25356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Didan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterberg, J.","contributorId":92500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cunningham, J.","contributorId":68540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031878,"text":"70031878 - 2008 - Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect and continental evolution involving subduction underplating and synchronous foreland thrusting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T14:14:01.525362","indexId":"70031878","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect and continental evolution involving subduction underplating and synchronous foreland thrusting","docAbstract":"<p>We investigate the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of the North American continent in Alaska, where the continent has grown through magmatism, accretion, and tectonic underplating. In the 1980s and early 1990s, we conducted a geological and geophysical investigation, known as the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT), along a 1350-km-long corridor from the Aleutian Trench to the Arctic coast. The most distinctive crustal structures and the deepest Moho along the transect are located near the Pacific and Arctic margins. Near the Pacific margin, we infer a stack of tectonically underplated oceanic layers interpreted as remnants of the extinct Kula (or Resurrection) plate. Continental Moho just north of this underplated stack is more than 55 km deep. Near the Arctic margin, the Brooks Range is underlain by large-scale duplex structures that overlie a tectonic wedge of North Slope crust and mantle. There, the Moho has been depressed to nearly 50 km depth. In contrast, the Moho of central Alaska is on average 32 km deep. In the Paleogene, tectonic underplating of Kula (or Resurrection) plate fragments overlapped in time with duplexing in the Brooks Range. Possible tectonic models linking these two regions include flat-slab subduction and an orogenic-float model. In the Neogene, the tectonics of the accreting Yakutat terrane have differed across a newly interpreted tear in the subducting Pacific oceanic lithosphere. East of the tear, Pacific oceanic lithosphere subducts steeply and alone beneath the Wrangell volcanoes, because the overlying Yakutat terrane has been left behind as underplated rocks beneath the rising St. Elias Range, in the coastal region. West of the tear, the Yakutat terrane and Pacific oceanic lithosphere subduct together at a gentle angle, and this thickened package inhibits volcanism.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24257A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S., Moore, T., Plafker, G., Brocher, T., Fisher, M.A., Mooney, W.D., Nokleberg, W., Page, R., Beaudoin, B.C., Christensen, N., Levander, A.R., Lutter, W.J., Saltus, R.W., and Ruppert, N., 2008, Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect and continental evolution involving subduction underplating and synchronous foreland thrusting: Geology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 267-270, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24257A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.86328125,\n              58.17070248348609\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.59375,\n              58.17070248348609\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.59375,\n              65.5129625532949\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86328125,\n              65.5129625532949\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86328125,\n              58.17070248348609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6b9e4b08c986b326e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Beaudoin, B. C.","contributorId":17629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Levander, A. R.","contributorId":104644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ruppert, N.A.","contributorId":33510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70009743,"text":"70009743 - 2008 - Categorizing natural disaster damage assessment using satellite-based geospatial techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:59:20","indexId":"70009743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Categorizing natural disaster damage assessment using satellite-based geospatial techniques","docAbstract":"Remote sensing of a natural disaster's damage offers an exciting backup and/or alternative to traditional means of on-site damage assessment. Although necessary for complete assessment of damage areas, ground-based damage surveys conducted in the aftermath of natural hazard passage can sometimes be potentially complicated due to on-site difficulties (e.g., interaction with various authorities and emergency services) and hazards (e.g., downed power lines, gas lines, etc.), the need for rapid mobilization (particularly for remote locations), and the increasing cost of rapid physical transportation of manpower and equipment. Satellite image analysis, because of its global ubiquity, its ability for repeated independent analysis, and, as we demonstrate here, its ability to verify on-site damage assessment provides an interesting new perspective and investigative aide to researchers. Using one of the strongest tornado events in US history, the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado, as a case example, we digitized the tornado damage path and co-registered the damage path using pre- and post-Landsat Thematic Mapper image data to perform a damage assessment. We employed several geospatial approaches, specifically the Getis index, Geary's <i>C</i>, and two lacunarity approaches to categorize damage characteristics according to the original Fujita tornado damage scale (F-scale). Our results indicate strong relationships between spatial indices computed within a local window and tornado F-scale damage categories identified through the ground survey. Consequently, linear regression models, even incorporating just a single band, appear effective in identifying F-scale damage categories using satellite imagery. This study demonstrates that satellite-based geospatial techniques can effectively add spatial perspectives to natural disaster damages, and in particular for this case study, tornado damages.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-8-707-2008","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Myint, S., Yuan, M., Cerveny, R., and Giri, S., 2008, Categorizing natural disaster damage assessment using satellite-based geospatial techniques: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 8, no. 4, p. 707-719, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-707-2008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"719","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476767,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-707-2008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267913,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-707-2008"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cee4b0c8380cd4b98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myint, S.W.","contributorId":18103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myint","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuan, M.","contributorId":20889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cerveny, R.S.","contributorId":18899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerveny","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":102621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010007,"text":"70010007 - 2008 - Radiometric cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ using an invariant desert site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T11:10:31.983008","indexId":"70010007","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Radiometric cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ using an invariant desert site","docAbstract":"A methodology for long-term radiometric cross-calibration between the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors was developed. The approach involves calibration of near-simultaneous surface observations between 2000 and 2007. Fifty-seven cloud-free image pairs were carefully selected over the Libyan desert for this study. The Libyan desert site (+28.55??, +23.39??), located in northern Africa, is a high reflectance site with high spatial, spectral, and temporal uniformity. Because the test site covers about 12 kmx13 km, accurate geometric preprocessing is required to match the footprint size between the two sensors to avoid uncertainties due to residual image misregistration. MODIS Level IB radiometrically corrected products were reprojected to the corresponding ETM+ image's Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid projection. The 30 m pixels from the ETM+ images were aggregated to match the MODIS spatial resolution (250 m in Bands 1 and 2, or 500 m in Bands 3 to 7). The image data from both sensors were converted to absolute units of at-sensor radiance and top-ofatmosphere (TOA) reflectance for the spectrally matching band pairs. For each band pair, a set of fitted coefficients (slope and offset) is provided to quantify the relationships between the testing sensors. This work focuses on long-term stability and correlation of the Terra MODIS and L7 ETM+ sensors using absolute calibration results over the entire mission of the two sensors. Possible uncertainties are also discussed such as spectral differences in matching band pairs, solar zenith angle change during a collection, and differences in solar irradiance models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"August 11-13, 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.793829","usgsCitation":"Choi, T., Angal, A., Chander, G., and Xiong, X., 2008, Radiometric cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ using an invariant desert site, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, August 11-13, 2008, 708110, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.793829.","productDescription":"708110","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9410e4b0c8380cd811a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, T.","contributorId":48698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angal, A.","contributorId":52716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiong, X.","contributorId":37885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032776,"text":"70032776 - 2008 - Increasing shallow groundwater CO2 and limestone weathering, Konza Prairie, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032776","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing shallow groundwater CO2 and limestone weathering, Konza Prairie, USA","docAbstract":"In a mid-continental North American grassland, solute concentrations in shallow, limestone-hosted groundwater and adjacent surface water cycle annually and have increased steadily over the 15-year study period, 1991-2005, inclusive. Modeled groundwater CO2, verified by measurements of recent samples, increased from 10-2.05 atm to 10-1.94 atm, about a 20% increase, from 1991 to 2005. The measured groundwater alkalinity and alkaline-earth element concentrations also increased over that time period. We propose that carbonate minerals dissolve in response to lowered pH that occurs during an annual carbonate-mineral saturation cycle. The cycle starts with low saturation during late summer and autumn when dissolved CO2 is high. As dissolved CO2 decreases in the spring and early summer, carbonates become oversaturated, but oversaturation does not exceed the threshold for precipitation. We propose that groundwater is a CO2 sink through weathering of limestone: soil-generated CO2 is transformed to alkalinity through dissolution of calcite or dolomite. The annual cycle and long-term increase in shallow groundwater CO2 is similar to, but greater than, atmospheric CO2. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.004","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Macpherson, G., Roberts, J., Blair, J., Townsend, M., Fowle, D., and Beisner, K.R., 2008, Increasing shallow groundwater CO2 and limestone weathering, Konza Prairie, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 23, p. 5581-5599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.004.","startPage":"5581","endPage":"5599","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.004"},{"id":241701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a06e4b0c8380cd61b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macpherson, G.L.","contributorId":31181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macpherson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, J.A.","contributorId":63632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blair, J.M.","contributorId":65238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Townsend, M.A.","contributorId":88785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fowle, D.A.","contributorId":52410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowle","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beisner, K. R. 0000-0002-2077-6899","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":30052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70010387,"text":"70010387 - 2008 - Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2917,"text":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","docAbstract":"Biotechnology has been used extensively in the development of vaccines for aquaculture. Modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and microarray analysis have facilitated antigen discovery, construction of novel candidate vaccines, and assessments of vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and host response. This review focuses on DNA vaccines for finfish to illustrate biotechnology applications in this field. Although DNA vaccines for fish rhabdoviruses continue to show the highest efficacy, DNA vaccines for several other viral and bacterial fish pathogens have now been proven to provide significant protection against pathogen challenge. Studies of the fish rhabdovirus DNA vaccines have elucidated factors that affect DNA vaccine efficacy as well as the nature of the fish innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines. As tools for managing aquatic animal disease emergencies, DNA vaccines have advantages in speed, flexibility, and safety, and one fish DNA vaccine has been licensed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02531933","usgsCitation":"Kurath, G., 2008, Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals: OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, v. 27, no. 1, p. 175-196.","startPage":"175","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a0e4b0c8380cd4ad45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010039,"text":"70010039 - 2008 - Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-11T10:01:10","indexId":"70010039","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","docAbstract":"<p>Since July 2003, Landsat-7 ETM+ has been operating without the scan line corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite in the imagery acquired. Data collected in SLC-off mode have gaps in a systematic wedge-shaped pattern outside of the central 22 km swath of the imagery; however, the spatial and spectral quality of the remaining portions of the imagery are not diminished. To explore the continued use of Landsat-7 ETM+ SLC-off imagery to characterize change in forested environments, we compare the change detection results generated from a reference image pair (a 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image and a 2003 Landsat-5 TM image) with change detection results generated from the same 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image coupled with three different 2003 Landsat-7 SLC-off products: unremediated SLC-off (i.e., with gaps); histogram-based gap-filled; and segment-based gap-filled. The results are compared on both a pixel and polygon basis; on a pixel basis, the unremediated SLC-off product missed 35% of the change identified by the reference data, and the histogram- and segment-based gap-filled products missed 23% and 21% of the change, respectively. When using forest inventory polygons as a context for change (to reduce commission error), the amount of change missed was 31%, 14%, and 12% for the each of the unremediated, histogram-based gap-filled, and segment-based gap-filled products, respectively. Our results indicate that over the time period considered, and given the types and spatial distribution of change events within our study area, the gap-filled products can provide a useful data source for change detection in forested environments. The selection of which product to use is, however, very dependent on the nature of the application and the spatial configuration of change events. ?? 2008 Government of Canada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m08-020","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Wulder, M.A., Ortlepp, S.M., White, J.C., and Maxwell, S., 2008, Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.5589/m08-020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c16e4b0c8380cd52a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortlepp, Stephanie M.","contributorId":28740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortlepp","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Joanne C.","contributorId":63362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxwell, Susan","contributorId":30354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010016,"text":"70010016 - 2008 - NOAA/West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center Pacific Ocean response criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T14:31:28","indexId":"70010016","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3351,"text":"Science of Tsunami Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NOAA/West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center Pacific Ocean response criteria","docAbstract":"New West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WCATWC) response criteria for earthquakes occurring in the Pacific basin are presented. Initial warning decisions are based on earthquake location, magnitude, depth, and - dependent on magnitude - either distance from source or precomputed threat estimates generated from tsunami models. The new criteria will help limit the geographical extent of warnings and advisories to threatened regions, and complement the new operational tsunami product suite. Changes to the previous criteria include: adding hypocentral depth dependence, reducing geographical warning extent for the lower magnitude ranges, setting special criteria for areas not well-connected to the open ocean, basing warning extent on pre-computed threat levels versus tsunami travel time for very large events, including the new advisory product, using the advisory product for far-offshore events in the lower magnitude ranges, and specifying distances from the coast for on-shore events which may be tsunamigenic. This report sets a baseline for response criteria used by the WCATWC considering its processing and observational data capabilities as well as its organizational requirements. Criteria are set for tsunamis generated by earthquakes, which are by far the main cause of tsunami generation (either directly through sea floor displacement or indirectly by triggering of slumps). As further research and development provides better tsunami source definition, observational data streams, and improved analysis tools, the criteria will continue to adjust. Future lines of research and development capable of providing operational tsunami warning centers with better tools are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of Tsunami Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Tsunami Society","issn":"87556839","usgsCitation":"Whitmore, P., Benz, H., Bolton, M., Crawford, G., Dengler, L., Fryer, G., Goltz, J., Hansen, R., Kryzanowski, K., Malone, S., Oppenheimer, D., Petty, E., Rogers, G., and Wilson, J., 2008, NOAA/West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center Pacific Ocean response criteria: Science of Tsunami Hazards, v. 27, no. 2, p. 1-19.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268571,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://library.lanl.gov/tsunami/ts272.pdf"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a614de4b0c8380cd718dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitmore, P.","contributorId":93186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitmore","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bolton, M.","contributorId":92797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolton","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, G.","contributorId":97624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dengler, L.","contributorId":54337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dengler","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fryer, G.","contributorId":21682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goltz, J.","contributorId":98874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goltz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hansen, R.","contributorId":56370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kryzanowski, K.","contributorId":66840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kryzanowski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Malone, S.","contributorId":49512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Oppenheimer, D.","contributorId":66841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Petty, E.","contributorId":76461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rogers, G.","contributorId":75103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wilson, Jim","contributorId":10503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70010015,"text":"70010015 - 2008 - Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70010015","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates are a vast energy resource with global distribution in the permafrost and in the oceans. Even if conservative estimates are considered and only a small fraction is recoverable, the sheer size of the resource is so large that it demands evaluation as a potential energy source. In this review paper, we discuss the distribution of natural gas hydrate accumulations, the status of the primary international R&D programs, and the remaining science and technological challenges facing commercialization of production. After a brief examination of gas hydrate accumulations that are well characterized and appear to be models for future development and gas production, we analyze the role of numerical simulation in the assessment of the hydrate production potential, identify the data needs for reliable predictions, evaluate the status of knowledge with regard to these needs, discuss knowledge gaps and their impact, and reach the conclusion that the numerical simulation capabilities are quite advanced and that the related gaps are either not significant or are being addressed. We review the current body of literature relevant to potential productivity from different types of gas hydrate deposits, and determine that there are consistent indications of a large production potential at high rates over long periods from a wide variety of hydrate deposits. Finally, we identify (a) features, conditions, geology and techniques that are desirable in potential production targets, (b) methods to maximize production, and (c) some of the conditions and characteristics that render certain gas hydrate deposits undesirable for production. Copyright 2008, Society of Petroleum Engineers.","largerWorkTitle":"Society of Petroleum Engineers - Unconventional Reservoirs Conference 2008","conferenceTitle":"Unconventional Reservoirs Conference 2008","conferenceDate":"10 February 2008 through 12 February 2008","conferenceLocation":"Keystone, CO","language":"English","isbn":"9781605600796","usgsCitation":"Moridis, G.J., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., Kurihara, M., Reagan, M.T., Koh, C., and Sloan, E.D., 2008, Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential, <i>in</i> Society of Petroleum Engineers - Unconventional Reservoirs Conference 2008, Keystone, CO, 10 February 2008 through 12 February 2008, p. 30-71.","startPage":"30","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bae4b08c986b32686d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moridis, G. J.","contributorId":64863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurihara, M.","contributorId":54823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurihara","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reagan, M. T.","contributorId":52424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, C.","contributorId":34360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sloan, E. D.","contributorId":8625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sloan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70009706,"text":"70009706 - 2008 - Aspen height, stem-girth and survivorship in an area of high ungulate use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70009706","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspen height, stem-girth and survivorship in an area of high ungulate use","docAbstract":"An increase in ungulate population size potentially exposes aspen suckers, saplings, and trees to increased use. This study examined how stem height and girth influenced the selection of stems by ungulates for browsing, rubbing, and gnawing, and reconstructed the history of ungulate use for the study area. Transects were run through each of three aspen clones growing in southwestern Montana to determine height, circumference, and the surface area from which bark was totally and partially removed by rubbing and gnawing. Stems 20-250 cm tall were browsed. Stems 2-13 cm diameter were preferentially selected for rubbing and gnawing. The area of totally removed bark on dead saplings was twice the area of removed bark on live stems of similar diameter, suggesting that bark removal played a major role in the death of some stems. Based on an analysis of stem height and age, ungulate browsing was inferred to have increased from a light-to-moderate level to an intense level in 1991. The depth of scars was used to date scarring events. An increase in rubbing and gnawing was determined to have occurred about 1985. We concluded that elk were primarily responsible for the observed impacts. The combined effect of rubbing, gnawing, and browsing affects a broader span of ages compared to the effect of browsing alone. If prescribed fire is used to rejuvenate aspen stands, the resulting young stems should be protected from heavy browsing, rubbing and gnawing until they reach about 13 cm diameter and have grown out of the browse zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., and Frisina, M., 2008, Aspen height, stem-girth and survivorship in an area of high ungulate use: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. 3, p. 199-210.","startPage":"199","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc1e4b0c8380cd499ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisina, M.R.","contributorId":23095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisina","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009709,"text":"70009709 - 2008 - Using open hole and cased-hole resistivity logs to monitor gas hydrate dissociation during a thermal test in the mallik 5L-38 research well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:24","indexId":"70009709","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using open hole and cased-hole resistivity logs to monitor gas hydrate dissociation during a thermal test in the mallik 5L-38 research well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates, which are naturally occurring ice-like combinations of gas and water, have the potential to provide vast amounts of natural gas from the world's oceans and polar regions. However, producing gas economically from hydrates entails major technical challenges. Proposed recovery methods such as dissociating or melting gas hydrates by heating or depressurization are currently being tested. One such test was conducted in northern Canada by the partners in the Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program. This paper describes how resistivity logs were used to determine the size of the annular region of gas hydrate dissociation that occurred around the wellbore during the thermal test in the Mallik 5L-38 well. An open-hole logging suite, run prior to the thermal test, included array induction, array laterolog, nuclear magnetic resonance and 1.1-GHz electromagnetic propagation logs. The reservoir saturation tool was run both before and after the thermal test to monitor formation changes. A cased-hole formation resistivity log was run after the test.Baseline resistivity values in each formation layer (Rt) were established from the deep laterolog data. The resistivity in the region of gas hydrate dissociation near the wellbore (Rxo) was determined from electromagnetic propagation and reservoir saturation tool measurements. The radius of hydrate dissociation as a function of depth was then determined by means of iterative forward modeling of cased-hole formation resistivity tool response. The solution was obtained by varying the modeled dissociation radius until the modeled log overlaid the field log. Pretest gas hydrate production computer simulations had predicted that dissociation would take place at a uniform radius over the 13-ft test interval. However, the post-test resistivity modeling showed that this was not the case. The resistivity-derived dissociation radius was greatest near the outlet of the pipe that circulated hot water in the wellbore, where the highest temperatures were recorded. The radius was smallest near the center of the test interval, where a conglomerate section with low values of porosity and permeability inhibited dissociation. The free gas volume calculated from the resistivity-derived dissociation radii yielded a value within 20 per cent of surface gauge measurements. These results show that the inversion of resistivity measurements holds promise for use in future gas hydrate monitoring. ?? 2008 Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Petrophysics","language":"English","issn":"15299074","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B., Collett, T.S., Lewis, R., and Dubourg, I., 2008, Using open hole and cased-hole resistivity logs to monitor gas hydrate dissociation during a thermal test in the mallik 5L-38 research well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada, <i>in</i> Petrophysics, v. 49, no. 3, p. 285-294.","startPage":"285","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc08ae4b08c986b32a1a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, B.I.","contributorId":41133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, R.E.","contributorId":31735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubourg, I.","contributorId":101000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubourg","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010013,"text":"70010013 - 2008 - Radiometric calibration stability and inter-calibration of solar-band instruments in orbit using the moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:18","indexId":"70010013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Radiometric calibration stability and inter-calibration of solar-band instruments in orbit using the moon","docAbstract":"With the increased emphasis on monitoring the Earth's climate from space, more stringent calibration requirements are being placed on the data products from remote sensing satellite instruments. Among these are stability over decade-length time scales and consistency across sensors and platforms. For radiometer instruments in the solar reflectance wavelength range (visible to shortwave infrared), maintaining calibration on orbit is difficult due to the lack of absolute radiometric standards suitable for flight use. The Moon presents a luminous source that can be viewed by all instruments in Earth orbit. Considered as a solar diffuser, the lunar surface is exceedingly stable. The chief difficulty with using the Moon is the strong variations in the Moon's brightness with illumination and viewing geometry. This mandates the use of a photometric model to compare lunar observations, either over time by the same instrument or between instruments. The U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona, under NASA sponsorship, has developed a model for the lunar spectral irradiance that explicitly accounts for the effects of phase, the lunar librations, and the lunar surface reflectance properties. The model predicts variations in the Moon's brightness with precision ???1% over a continuous phase range from eclipse to the quarter lunar phases. Given a time series of Moon observations taken by an instrument, the geometric prediction capability of the lunar irradiance model enables sensor calibration stability with sub-percent per year precision. Cross-calibration of instruments with similar passbands can be achieved with precision comparable to the model precision. Although the Moon observations used for intercomparison can be widely separated in phase angle and/or time, SeaWiFS and MODIS have acquired lunar views closely spaced in time. These data provide an example to assess inter-calibration biases between these two instruments.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.795227","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"9780819473011","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., 2008, Radiometric calibration stability and inter-calibration of solar-band instruments in orbit using the moon, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, 11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.795227.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204920,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.795227"},{"id":219123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a940de4b0c8380cd81190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009720,"text":"70009720 - 2008 - Fate and transport of pesticides in the ground water systems of southwest Georgia, 1993-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:20","indexId":"70009720","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fate and transport of pesticides in the ground water systems of southwest Georgia, 1993-2005","docAbstract":"Modern agricultural practices in the United States have resulted in nearly unrivaled efficiency and productivity. Unfortunately, there is also the potential for release of these compounds to the environment and consequent adverse affects on wildlife and human populations. Since 1993, the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey has evaluated water quality in agricultural areas to address these concerns. The objective of this study is to evaluate trends in pesticide concentrations from 1993-2005 in the surficial and Upper Floridan aquifers of southwest Georgia using pesticide and pesticide degradate data collected for the NAWQA program. There were six compounds - five herbicides and one degradate - that were detected in more than 20% of samples: atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), metolachlor, alachlor, floumeturon, and tebuthiuron. Of the 128 wells sampled during the study, only eight wells had pesticide concentrations that either increased (7) or decreased (1) on a decadal time scale. Most of the significant trends were increasing concentrations of pesticides in older water; median pesticide concentrations did not differ between the surficial and Upper Floridan aquifers from 1993 and 2005. Deethylatrazine, in the Upper Floridan aquifer, was the only compound that had a significant change (increase) in concentration during the study. The limited number of wells with increases in pesticide concentrations suggest that ground-water sources of these compounds are not increasing in concentration over the time scale represented in this study. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0163","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M., and Frick, E.A., 2008, Fate and transport of pesticides in the ground water systems of southwest Georgia, 1993-2005, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0163.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0163"},{"id":219410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0be4b0c8380cd5372b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, M.S.","contributorId":20464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frick, E. A.","contributorId":61840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009721,"text":"70009721 - 2008 - Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:20","indexId":"70009721","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts","docAbstract":"Soil erosion and subsequent degradation has been a contributor to societal collapse in the past and is one of the major expressions of desertification in arid regions. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) models soil lost to water erosion as a function of climate erosivity (the degree to which rainfall can result in erosion), topography, soil erodibility, and land use/management. The soil erodibility factor (K) is primarily based upon inherent soil properties (those which change slowly or not at all) such as soil texture and organic matter content, while the cover/management factor (C) is based on several parameters including biological soil crust (BSC) cover. We examined the effect of two more precise indicators of BSC development, chlorophyll a and exopolysaccharides (EPS), upon soil stability, which is closely inversely related to soil loss in an erosion event. To examine the relative influence of these elements of the C factor to the K factor, we conducted our investigation across eight strongly differing soils in the 0.8 million ha Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. We found that within every soil group, chlorophyll a was a moderate to excellent predictor of soil stability (R2 = 0.21-0.75), and consistently better than EPS. Using a simple structural equation model, we explained over half of the variance in soil stability and determined that the direct effect of chlorophyll a was 3?? more important than soil group in determining soil stability. Our results suggest that, holding the intensity of erosive forces constant, the acceleration or reduction of soil erosion in arid landscapes will primarily be an outcome of management practices. This is because the factor which is most influential to soil erosion, BSC development, is also among the most manageable, implying that water erosion in drylands has a solution. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.008","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Belnap, J., Chaudhary, B.V., and Johnson, N., 2008, Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 40, no. 9, p. 2309-2316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.008.","startPage":"2309","endPage":"2316","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.008"},{"id":219411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad28e4b0c8380cd86e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaudhary, Bala V.","contributorId":52718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"Bala","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, N.C.","contributorId":29567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009724,"text":"70009724 - 2008 - Seismic hazard in the Istanbul metropolitan area: A preliminary re-evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T12:30:53","indexId":"70009724","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2240,"text":"Journal of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard in the Istanbul metropolitan area: A preliminary re-evaluation","docAbstract":"In 1999, two destructive earthquakes (M7.4 Kocaeli and M7.2 Duzce) occurred in the north west of Turkey and resulted in major stress-drops on the western segment of the North Anatolian Fault system where it continues under the Marmara Sea. These undersea fault segments were recently explored using bathymetric and reflection surveys. These recent findings helped to reshape the seismotectonic environment of the Marmara basin, which is a perplexing tectonic domain. Based on collected new information, seismic hazard of the Marmara region, particularly Istanbul Metropolitan Area and its vicinity, were re-examined using a probabilistic approach. Two seismic source and alternate recurrence models combined with various indigenous and foreign attenuation relationships were adapted within a logic tree formulation to quantify and project the regional exposure on a set of hazard maps. The hazard maps show the peak horizontal ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at 1.0 s. These acceleration levels were computed for 2 and 10 % probabilities of transcendence in 50 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/13632460802013925","issn":"13632469","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., Gulkan, P., Ozturk, N., and Çelebi, M., 2008, Seismic hazard in the Istanbul metropolitan area: A preliminary re-evaluation: Journal of Earthquake Engineering, v. 12, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 151-164, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802013925.","startPage":"151","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490004,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67444","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460802013925"},{"id":267391,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/PDFs/A48_Kalkan_et_al.pdf"},{"id":219487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b19e4b08c986b3175bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gulkan, Polat","contributorId":78532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulkan","given":"Polat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ozturk, N.Y.","contributorId":57323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozturk","given":"N.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009725,"text":"70009725 - 2008 - Deformation and stress-change modeling at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, from ENVISAT INSAR and GPS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T12:03:58","indexId":"70009725","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Deformation and stress-change modeling at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, from ENVISAT INSAR and GPS observations","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"ctl00_MainContent_PaperItem_snippet\">We use radar interferograms and GPS observations to constrain models of magma accumulation and faulting at Sierra Negra volcano, Gal&aacute;pagos, during the years before its 2005 eruption. The data have shown ~5 m of pre-eruption uplift and multiple trapdoor faulting events on an intra-caldera fault system. We find the pattern of uplift to be consistent with an inflating sill at 2.2 km depth under the caldera. Our deformation modeling and stress-change calculations suggest that the inflating sill triggered faulting on an inward- dipping thrust fault and that the faulting in turn relieved the pressure within the sill. This sill-fault interaction tends to thicken the sill and limit its lateral extent within the area bounded by the fault.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","conferenceTitle":"Fringe 2007 Workshop ","conferenceDate":"26 November 2007 through 30 November 2007","conferenceLocation":"Frascati","language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, S., Chadwick, W., Poland, M., and Geist, D., 2008, Deformation and stress-change modeling at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, from ENVISAT INSAR and GPS observations, <i>in</i> European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, no. 649 SP, Frascati, 26 November 2007 through 30 November 2007.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"649 SP","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe43e4b0c8380cd4ec18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, Sigurjon","contributorId":72123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Sigurjon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, W.W.","contributorId":74757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"W.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geist, D.","contributorId":29128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}