The temporal forecasting of landslide hazard has typically relied on empirical relations between rainfall characteristics and landslide occurrence to identify conditions that may cause shallow landslides. Here, we describe an alternate, deterministic approach to define rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence in the Seattle, Washington, area. This approach combines an infinite slope-stability model with a variably saturated flow model to determine the rainfall intensity and duration that leads to shallow failure of hillside colluvium. We examine the influence of variation in particle-size distribution on the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the colluvium by performing capillary-rise tests on glacial outwash sand and three experimental soils with increasing amounts of fine-grained material. Observations of pore-water response to rainfall collected as part of a program to monitor the near-surface hydrology of steep coastal bluffs along Puget Sound were used to test the numerical model results and in an inverse modeling procedure to determine the in situ hydraulic properties. Modeling results are given in terms of a destabilizing rainfall intensity and duration, and comparisons with empirical observations of landslide occurrence and triggering rainfall indicate that the modeling approach may be useful for forecasting landslide occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(07)","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., and McKenna, J., 2008, Numerical modeling of rainfall thresholds for shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 121-136, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(07).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f4e4b0b09fbe58f1b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, Jonathan P.","contributorId":6915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Jonathan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047169,"text":"70047169 - 2008 - Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:02:39","indexId":"70047169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"We describe the results from an application of a distributed, transient infiltration–slope-stability model for an 18 km2 area of southwestern Seattle, Washington, USA. The model (TRIGRS) combines an infinite slope-stability calculation and an analytic, one-dimensional solution for pore-pressure diffusion in a soil layer of finite depth in response to time-varying rainfall. The transient solution for pore-pressure response can be superposed on any steady-state groundwater-flow field that is consistent with model assumptions. Applied over digital topography, the model computes a factor of safety for each grid cell at any time during a rainstorm. Input variables may vary from cell to cell, and the rainfall rate can vary in both space and time. For Seattle, topographic slope derived from an airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM)–based 3 m digital elevation model (DEM), maps of soil and water-table depths derived from geotechnical borings, and hourly rainfall intensities were used as model inputs. Material strength and hydraulic properties used in the model were determined from field and laboratory measurements, and a tension-saturated initial condition was assumed. Results are given in terms of a destabilizing intensity and duration of rainfall, and they were evaluated by comparing the locations of 212 historical landslides with the area mapped as potentially unstable. Because the equations of groundwater flow are explicitly solved with respect to time, the results from TRIGRS simulations can be portrayed quantitatively to assess the potential landslide hazard based on rainfall conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(08)","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., Schulz, W.H., Baum, R.L., and Savage, W.Z., 2008, Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 137-152, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(08).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f3e4b0b09fbe58f1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, William H.","contributorId":91927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047167,"text":"70047167 - 2008 - A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:07:08","indexId":"70047167","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area","docAbstract":"Empirical rainfall thresholds and related information form the basis of a prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle area. The forecasts are tied to four alert levels, and a decision tree guides the use of thresholds to determine the appropriate level. From analysis of historical landslide data, we developed a formula for a cumulative rainfall threshold (CT), P3 = 88.9 − 0.67P15, defined by rainfall amounts in millimeters during consecutive 3 d (72 h) periods, P3, and the 15 d (360 h) period before P3, P15. The variable CT captures more than 90% of historical events of three or more landslides in 1 d and 3 d periods recorded from 1978 to 2003. However, the low probability of landslide occurrence on a day when the CT is exceeded at one or more rain gauges (8.4%) justifies a low-level of alert for possible landslide occurrence, but it does trigger more vigilant monitoring of rainfall and soil wetness. Exceedance of a rainfall intensity-duration threshold I = 82.73D−1.13, for intensity, I (mm/hr), and duration, D (hr), corresponds to a higher probability of landslide occurrence (30%) and forms the basis for issuing warnings of impending, widespread occurrence of landslides. Information about the area of exceedance and soil wetness can be used to increase the certainty of landslide forecasts (probabilities as great as 71%). Automated analysis of real-time rainfall and subsurface water data and digital quantitative precipitation forecasts are needed to fully implement a warning system based on the two thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(06)","usgsCitation":"Chleborad, A.F., Baum, R.L., Godt, J.W., and Powers, P.S., 2008, A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 103-120, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(06).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5e2e4b0b09fbe58f175","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chleborad, Alan F.","contributorId":87578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Philip S.","contributorId":102078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009705,"text":"70009705 - 2008 - Detecting biological responses to flow management: Missed opportunities; future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70009705","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detecting biological responses to flow management: Missed opportunities; future directions","docAbstract":"The conclusions of numerous stream restoration assessments all around the world are extremely clear and convergent: there has been insufficient appropriate monitoring to improve general knowledge and expertise. In the specialized field of instream flow alterations, we consider that there are several opportunities comparable to full-size experiments. Hundreds of water management decisions related to instream flow releases have been made by government agencies, native peoples, and non-governmental organizations around the world. These decisions are based on different methods and assumptions and many flow regimes have been adopted by formal or informal rules and regulations. Although, there have been significant advances in analytical capabilities, there has been very little validation monitoring of actual outcomes or research related to the response of aquatic dependent species to new flow regimes. In order to be able to detect these kinds of responses and to better guide decision, a general design template is proposed. The main steps of this template are described and discussed, in terms of objectives, hypotheses, variables, time scale, data management, and information, in the spirit of adaptive management. The adoption of such a framework is not always easy, due to differing interests of actors for the results, regarding the duration of monitoring, nature of funding and differential timetables between facilities managers and technicians. Nevertheless, implementation of such a framework could help researchers and practitioners to coordinate and federate their efforts to improve the general knowledge of the links between the habitat dynamics and biological aquatic responses. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1134","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Souchon, Y., Sabaton, C., Deibel, R., Reiser, D., Kershner, J., Gard, M., Katopodis, C., Leonard, P., Poff, N., Miller, W., and Lamb, B.L., 2008, Detecting biological responses to flow management: Missed opportunities; future directions, in River Research and Applications, v. 24, no. 5, p. 506-518, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1134.","startPage":"506","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476768,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1134","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1134"},{"id":219027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff5fe4b0c8380cd4f152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souchon, Y.","contributorId":102437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souchon","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sabaton, C.","contributorId":21507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabaton","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deibel, R.","contributorId":100115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deibel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiser, D.","contributorId":97244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kershner, J.","contributorId":21125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gard, M.","contributorId":45824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gard","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Katopodis, C.","contributorId":49741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katopodis","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leonard, P.","contributorId":6580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, W.J.","contributorId":27601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":6395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70035624,"text":"70035624 - 2008 - The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T10:55:42","indexId":"70035624","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results","docAbstract":"A mass of snow and ice 400-m-wide and 105-m-thick began melting in the summit crater of Mount Chiginagak volcano sometime between November 2004 and early May 2005, presumably owing to increased heat flux from the hydrothermal system, or possibly from magma intrusion and degassing. In early May 2005, an estimated 3.8??106 m3 of sulfurous, clay-rich debris and acidic water, with an accompanying acidic aerosol component, exited the crater through a tunnel at the base of a glacier that breaches the south crater rim. Over 27 km downstream, the acidic waters of the flood inundated an important salmon spawning drainage, acidifying Mother Goose Lake from surface to depth (approximately 0.5 km3 in volume at a pH of 2.9 to 3.1), killing all aquatic life, and preventing the annual salmon run. Over 2 months later, crater lake water sampled 8 km downstream of the outlet after considerable dilution from glacial meltwater was a weak sulfuric acid solution (pH = 3.2, SO4 = 504 mg/L, Cl = 53.6 mg/L, and F = 7.92 mg/L). The acid flood waters caused severe vegetation damage, including plant death and leaf kill along the flood path. The crater lake drainage was accompanied by an ambioructic flow of acidic aerosols that followed the flood path, contributing to defoliation and necrotic leaf damage to vegetation in a 29 km2 area along and above affected streams, in areas to heights of over 150 m above stream level. Moss species killed in the event contained high levels of sulfur, indicating extremely elevated atmospheric sulfurcontent. The most abundant airborne phytotoxic constituent was likely sulfuric acid aerosols that were generated during the catastrophic partial crater lake drainage event. Two mechanisms of acidic aerosol formation are proposed: (1) generation of aerosol mist through turbulent flow of acidic water and (2) catastrophic gas exsolution. This previously undocumented phenomenon of simultaneous vegetationdamaging acidic aerosols accompanying drainage of an acidic crater lake has important implications for the study of hazards associated with active volcanic crater lakes. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GC001900","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, J., Scott, W.E., Evans, W.C., Jorgenson, J., McGimsey, R.G., and Wang, B., 2008, The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001900.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476797,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gc001900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001900"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba648e4b08c986b321005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, J.R.","contributorId":48785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, W. E.","contributorId":22773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, J.","contributorId":75780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193186,"text":"70193186 - 2008 - Microhabitat use by brook trout inhabiting small tributaries and a large river main stem: Implications for stream habitat restoration in the central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T10:24:31","indexId":"70193186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3896,"text":"Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microhabitat use by brook trout inhabiting small tributaries and a large river main stem: Implications for stream habitat restoration in the central Appalachians","docAbstract":"Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat restoration is needed across a range of stream sizes; however, studies quantifying brook trout habitat preferences in streams of differing sizes are rare. We used radio-telemetry to quantify adult brook trout microhabitat use in a central Appalachian watershed, the upper Shavers Fork of the Cheat River in eastern West Virginia. Our objectives were to: 1) quantify non-random microhabitat use by adult brook trout in the Shavers Fork main stem (drainage area = 32 km2) and an adjacent tributary, Rocky Run (drainage area = 7 km2); and 2) construct stream-specific habitat suitability curves (HSCs) for four important microhabitat variables (depth, average current velocity, maximum current velocity within one meter, and distance to cover). Brook trout used a subset of available microhabitats in both the main stem and Rocky Run: trout tended to occupy microhabitats that were deeper, higher velocity, and closer to cover than expected by chance alone. Although specific microhabitat values differed between the main stem and tributary populations, the overall patterns in brook trout microhabitat use were consistent regardless of stream size. Habitat suitability curves were constructed based on brook trout microhabitat use and will be used to design and monitor the effectiveness of future habitat restoration efforts in the Shavers Fork watershed. Our results suggest that habitat enhancement projects that increase the availability of deep, high velocity microhabitats adjacent to cover would benefit brook trout in both small tributaries and larger river main stems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Hansbarger, J.L., Petty, J.T., and Mazik, P.M., 2008, Microhabitat use by brook trout inhabiting small tributaries and a large river main stem: Implications for stream habitat restoration in the central Appalachians: Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 62, p. 142-148.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"148","ipdsId":"IP-008641","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347786,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/?id=61197"}],"volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8ee4b06e28e9c257e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansbarger, Jeff L.","contributorId":166750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansbarger","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24498,"text":"West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Point Pleasant, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. Todd","contributorId":166749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":24497,"text":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047166,"text":"70047166 - 2008 - Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:10:58","indexId":"70047166","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"In Seattle, Washington, deep-seated landslides on bluffs along Puget Sound have historically caused extensive damage to land and structures. These large failures are controlled by three-dimensional (3-D) variations in strength and pore-water pressures. We assess the slope stability of part of southwestern Seattle using a 3-D limit-equilibrium analysis coupled with a 3-D groundwater flow model. Our analyses use a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) combined with assignment of strength and hydraulic properties based on geologic units. The hydrogeology of the Seattle area consists of a layer of permeable glacial outwash sand that overlies less permeable glacial lacustrine silty clay. Using a 3-D groundwater model, MODFLOW-2000, we simulate a water table above the less permeable units and calibrate the model to observed conditions. The simulated pore-pressure distribution is then used in a 3-D slope-stability analysis, SCOOPS, to quantify the stability of the coastal bluffs. For wet winter conditions, our analyses predict that the least stable areas are steep hillslopes above Puget Sound, where pore pressures are elevated in the outwash sand. Groundwater flow converges in coastal reentrants, resulting in elevated pore pressures and destabilization of slopes. Regions predicted to be least stable include the areas in or adjacent to three mapped historically active deep-seated landslides. The results of our 3-D analyses differ significantly from a slope map or results from one-dimensional (1-D) analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(05)","usgsCitation":"Brien, D.L., and Reid, M.E., 2008, Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 83-101, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(05).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":275287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.8534,47.25 ], [ -122.8534,47.9774 ], [ -121.7923,47.9774 ], [ -121.7923,47.25 ], [ -122.8534,47.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f0e4b0b09fbe58f180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brien, Dianne L. dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":3296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033430,"text":"70033430 - 2008 - Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033430","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation","docAbstract":"Acidic mine drainage (AMD) containing elevated concentrations of dissolved iron and other metals can be neutralized to varying degrees by reactions with limestone in passive treatment systems. We evaluated the chemical and mineralogical characteristics and the effectiveness of calcitic and dolomitic limestone for the neutralization of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD from a flooded anthracite mine. The calcitic limestone, with CaCO3 and MgCO3 contents of 99.8 and <0.1 wt%, respectively, and the dolomitic limestone, with CaCO3 and MgCO3 contents of 60.3 and 40.2 wt%, were used to construct a downflow treatment system in 2003 at the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. In the winter of 2002-2003, laboratory neutralization-rate experiments evaluated the evolution of effluent quality during 2 weeks of continuous contact between AMD from the Bell Mine and the crushed calcitic or dolomitic limestone in closed, collapsible containers (cubitainers). The cubitainer tests showed that: (1) net-alkaline effluent could be achieved with detention times greater than 3 h, (2) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates were equivalent for uncoated and Fe(OH)3-coated calcitic limestone, and (3) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates for dolomitic limestone were about half those for calcitic limestone. The dissolution rate data for the cubitainer tests were used with data on the volume of effuent and surface area of limestone in the treatment system at the Bell Mine to evaluate the water-quality data for the first 1.5 years of operation of the treatment system. These rate models supported the interpretation of field results and indicated that treatment benefits were derived mainly from the dissolution of calcitic limestone, despite a greater quantity of dolomitic limestone within the treatment system. The dissolution-rate models were extrapolated on a decadal scale to indicate the expected decreases in the mass of limestone and associated alkalinities resulting from the long-term reaction of AMD with the treatment substrate. The models indicated the calcitic limestone would need to be replenished approaching the 5-year anniversary of treatment operations to maintain net-alkaline effluent quality. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., Ward, S., and Hammarstrom, J.M., 2008, Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 2, p. 86-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y.","startPage":"86","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y"},{"id":241975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b1e4b0c8380cd505f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, S.J.","contributorId":12702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032069,"text":"70032069 - 2008 - Summer temperature variation and implications for juvenile Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032069","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer temperature variation and implications for juvenile Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"Temperature is important to fish in determining their geographic distribution. For cool- and cold-water fish, thermal regimes are especially critical at the southern end of a species' range. Although temperature is an easy variable to measure, biological interpretation is difficult. Thus, how to determine what temperatures are meaningful to fish in the field is a challenge. Herein, we used the Connecticut River as a model system and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model species with which to assess the effects of summer temperatures on the density of age 0 parr. Specifically, we asked: (1) What are the spatial and temporal temperature patterns in the Connecticut River during summer? (2) What metrics might detect effects of high temperatures? and (3) How is temperature variability related to density of Atlantic salmon during their first summer? Although the most southern site was the warmest, some northern sites were also warm, and some southern sites were moderately cool. This suggests localized, within basin variation in temperature. Daily and hourly means showed extreme values not apparent in the seasonal means. We observed significant relationships between age 0 parr density and days at potentially stressful, warm temperatures (???23??C). Based on these results, we propose that useful field reference points need to incorporate the synergistic effect of other stressors that fish encounter in the field as well as the complexity associated with cycling temperatures and thermal refuges. Understanding the effects of temperature may aid conservation efforts for Atlantic salmon in the Connecticut River and other North Atlantic systems. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-007-9271-2","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Mather, M.E., Parrish, D., Campbell, C., McMenemy, J., and Smith, J.M., 2008, Summer temperature variation and implications for juvenile Atlantic salmon: Hydrobiologia, v. 603, no. 1, p. 183-196, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9271-2.","startPage":"183","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476822,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.521.399","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9271-2"},{"id":242764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"603","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f44e4b08c986b31e45e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mather, M. E.","contributorId":71708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, D.L.","contributorId":15144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, C.A.","contributorId":54810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMenemy, J.R.","contributorId":103480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMenemy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Joseph M.","contributorId":106712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17855,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031888,"text":"70031888 - 2008 - Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:22:51","indexId":"70031888","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001","docAbstract":"In order to examine the transport of contaminants associated with river-derived suspended particles in the Salton Sea, California, large volume water samples were collected in transects established along the three major rivers emptying into the Salton Sea in fall 2001. Rivers in this area carry significant aqueous and particulate contaminant loads derived from irrigation water associated with the extensive agricultural activity, as well as wastewater from small and large municipalities. A variety of inorganic constituents, including trace metals, nutrients, and organic carbon were analyzed on suspended material isolated from water samples collected at upriver, near-shore, and off-shore sites established on the Alamo, New, and Whitewater rivers. Concentration patterns showed expected trends, with river-borne metals becoming diluted by organic-rich algal particles of lacustrine origin in off-shore stations. More soluble metals, such as cadmium, copper, and zinc showed a more even distribution between sites in the rivers and off-shore in the lake basin. General distributional trends of trace elements between particulate and aqueous forms were discerned by combining metal concentration data for particulates from this study with historical aqueous metals data. Highly insoluble trace metals, such as iron and aluminum, occurred almost entirely in the particulate phase, while major cations and approximately 95% of selenium were transported in the soluble phase. Evidence for greater reducing conditions in the New compared to the Alamo River was provided by the greater proportion of reduced (soluble) manganese in the New River. Evidence of bioconcentration of selenium and arsenic within the lake by algae was provided by calculating \"enrichment\" concentration ratios from metal concentrations on the algal-derived particulate samples and the off-shore sites. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9319-y","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"LeBlanc, L., and Schroeder, R.A., 2008, Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9319-y.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214772,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9319-y"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb73fe4b08c986b327147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeBlanc, L.A.","contributorId":91660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031990,"text":"70031990 - 2008 - Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70031990","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters","docAbstract":"Knobbed whelk, Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791), age and growth were estimated using tagged and recaptured individuals (n = 396) from areas off South Carolina coastal islands. Recaptured whelks were at large an average of 298 d (4-2,640 d). Growth, an increase in shell length (SL), was evident in 24% of the recaptured whelks, whereas 29% of recaptured individuals were the same size as when released and 47% were smaller than the released size. Mean growth rate was <0.001 mm SL/d and 0.022 mm SL/d if decreases in SL were assumed to be zero. Smaller whelks (???90 mm SL) at large for over one year grew seven times faster than larger whelks. The von Bertalanffy growth model: SL1 = 159.5(1 - e-0.0765(t+0.4162)), was developed from the mark - recapture whelks exhibiting growth. Based on a South Carolina minimum legal size of 102 mm SL, whelks recruit into the fishery at 13 y of age. The longevity, large size at maturity and slow growth suggest the potential for over harvest of knobbed whelk. Future whelk management plans may wish to consider whether economically viable commercial harvest can be sustainable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[423:AAGOTK]2.0.CO;2","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Eversole, A., Anderson, W., and Isely, J.J., 2008, Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 27, no. 2, p. 423-426, https://doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[423:AAGOTK]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"423","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[423:AAGOTK]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":242528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8dbe4b0c8380cd47f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eversole, A.G.","contributorId":99727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eversole","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, W.D.","contributorId":89735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031974,"text":"70031974 - 2008 - Sandwave migration in Monterey Submarine Canyon, Central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70031974","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sandwave migration in Monterey Submarine Canyon, Central California","docAbstract":"Repeated high-resolution multibeam bathymetric surveys from 2002 through 2006 at the head of the Monterey Submarine Canyon reveal a sandwave field along the canyon axis between 20 and 250??m water depth. These sandwaves range in wavelength from 20 to 70??m and 1 to 3??m in height. A quantitative measure was devised to determine the direction of sandwave migration based on the asymmetry of their profiles. Despite appreciable spatial variation the sandwaves were found to migrate in a predominantly down-canyon direction, regardless of season and tidal phases. A yearlong ADCP measurement at 250??m water depth showed that intermittent internal tidal oscillations dominated the high-speed canyon currents (50-80??cm/s), which are not correlated with the spring-neap tidal cycle. Observed currents of 50??cm/s or higher were predominantly down-canyon. Applying a simple empirical model, flows of such magnitudes were shown to be able to generate sandwaves of a size similar to the observed ones. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2007.11.005","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Xu, J.P., Wong, F.L., Kvitek, R., Smith, D., and Paull, C.K., 2008, Sandwave migration in Monterey Submarine Canyon, Central California: Marine Geology, v. 248, no. 3-4, p. 193-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.11.005.","startPage":"193","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215053,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.11.005"},{"id":242822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86aee4b08c986b31608d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvitek, R.","contributorId":65683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D.P.","contributorId":64911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032136,"text":"70032136 - 2008 - Abyssal ostracods from the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Biological and paleoceanographic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032136","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1370,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abyssal ostracods from the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Biological and paleoceanographic implications","docAbstract":"We report the distribution of ostracods from ???5000 m depth from the Southeast and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean recovered from the uppermost 10 cm of minimally disturbed sediments taken by multiple-corer during the R/V Meteor DIVA2 expedition M63.2. Five cores yielded the following major deep-sea genera: Krithe, Henryhowella, Poseidonamicus, Legitimocythere, Pseudobosquetina, and Pennyella. All genera are widely distributed in abyssal depths in the world's oceans and common in Cenozoic deep-sea sediments. The total number of ostracod specimens is higher and ostracod shell preservation is better near the sediment-water interface, especially at the 0-1 cm core depths. Core slices from ???5 to 10 cm were barren or yielded a few poorly preserved specimens. The DIVA2 cores show that deep-sea ostracod species inhabit corrosive bottom water near the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) even though their calcareous valves are rarely preserved as fossils in sediment cores due to postmortem dissolution. Their occurrence at great water depths may partially explain the well-known global distributions of major deep-sea taxa in the world's oceans, although further expeditions using minimal-disturbance sampling devices are needed to fill geographic gaps. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.004","issn":"09670637","usgsCitation":"Yasuhara, M., Cronin, T.M., and Martinez, A.P., 2008, Abyssal ostracods from the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Biological and paleoceanographic implications: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 55, no. 4, p. 490-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.004.","startPage":"490","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214938,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.004"},{"id":242699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e663e4b0c8380cd473b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","contributorId":37935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasuhara","given":"Moriaki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, Arbizu P.","contributorId":72608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Arbizu","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032048,"text":"70032048 - 2008 - Habitat use and movement patterns by adult saugers from fall to summer in an unimpounded small-river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032048","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and movement patterns by adult saugers from fall to summer in an unimpounded small-river system","docAbstract":"The Little Wind River drainage in Wyoming is a relatively small unimpounded river system inhabited by native saugers Sander canadensis. Radio telemetry was used to assess habitat use and movement patterns by adult saugers in the river system from fall through early summer. Fifty-four adult saugers were captured during fall 2004, surgically implanted with radio transmitters, and tracked through mid-July 2005. Tagged saugers selected large and deep pools. Such pools were abundant throughout the Little Wind River system and led to saugers being widely dispersed from fall to early spring. During fall, winter, and early spring, tagged saugers remained sedentary and moved short distances among pools in close proximity to each other. Longer movements by tagged saugers occurred from mid-spring to early summer, and were associated with both upstream and downstream movements to and from two river segments believed to be used for spawning. During early summer, most saugers returned to locations where they had been tagged the previous fall and had spent the winter. Our results provide evidence that preservation of the sauger fishery in the Wind River system will depend on maintaining fish passage throughout the portion of the watershed inhabited by saugers and preserving natural fluvial processes that maintain large and deep pools. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-235.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, K., Hubert, W., Johnson, K., Oberlie, D., and Dufek, D., 2008, Habitat use and movement patterns by adult saugers from fall to summer in an unimpounded small-river system: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 2, p. 360-367, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-235.1.","startPage":"360","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476656,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/m06-235.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214682,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-235.1"},{"id":242429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f33e4b0c8380cd5cb9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, K.M.","contributorId":97341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin","contributorId":83287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oberlie, D.","contributorId":72577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberlie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dufek, D.","contributorId":45102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufek","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032169,"text":"70032169 - 2008 - New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:06:01","indexId":"70032169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data","docAbstract":"To study the Earth system and to better understand the implications of global environmental change, there is a growing need for large-scale hydrographic data sets that serve as prerequisites in a variety of analyses and applications, ranging from regional watershed and freshwater conservation planning to global hydrological, climate, biogeochemical, and land surface modeling. Yet while countless hydrographic maps exist for well-known river basins and individual nations, there is a lack of seamless high-quality data on large scales such as continents or the entire globe. Data for many large international basins are patchy, and remote areas are often poorly mapped.
\nIn response to these limitations, a team of scientists has developed data and created maps of the world's rivers that provide the research community with more reliable information about where streams and watersheds occur on the Earth's surface and how water drains the landscape. The new product, known as HydroSHEDS (Hydrological Data and Maps Based on Shuttle Elevation Derivatives at Multiple Scales), provides this information at a resolution and quality unachieved by previous global data sets, such as HYDRO1k [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2000].
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008EO100001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Lehner, B., Verdin, K., and Jarvis, A., 2008, New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 10, p. 93-94, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476904,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/X3KCCATL","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001"},{"id":242734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a658ce4b0c8380cd72c13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehner, B.","contributorId":86192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, K.L. 0000-0002-6114-4660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":33505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, A.","contributorId":45533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032203,"text":"70032203 - 2008 - The effect of variations in relative spectral response on the retrieval of land surface parameters from multiple sources of remotely sensed imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T14:44:49.389973","indexId":"70032203","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The effect of variations in relative spectral response on the retrieval of land surface parameters from multiple sources of remotely sensed imagery","docAbstract":"It is widely recognized that wetlands, especially those rich in organic matter and receiving appreciable atmospheric mercury (Hg) inputs, are important sites of methylmercury (MeHg) production. Extensive wetlands in the southeastern United States have many ecosystem attributes ideal for promoting high MeHg production rates; however, relatively few mercury cycling studies have been conducted in these environments. We conducted a landscape scale study examining Hg cycling in coastal Louisiana (USA) including four field trips conducted between August 2003 and May 2005. Sites were chosen to represent different ecosystem types, including: a large shallow eutrophic estuarine lake (Lake Pontchartrain), three rivers draining into the lake, a cypress-tupelo dominated freshwater swamp, and six emergent marshes ranging from a freshwater marsh dominated by Panicum hemitomon to a Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marsh close to the Gulf of Mexico. We measured MeHg and total Hg (THg) concentrations, and ancillary chemical characteristics, in whole and filtered surface water, and filtered porewater.
Overall, MeHg concentrations were greatest in surface water of freshwater wetlands and lowest in the profundal (non-vegetated) regions of the lake and river mainstems. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in filtered surface water were positively correlated with the highly reactive, aromatic (hydrophobic organic acid) fraction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). These results suggest that DOC plays an important role in promoting the mobility, transport and bioavailability of inorganic Hg in these environments. Further, elevated porewater concentrations in marine and brackish wetlands suggest coastal wetlands along the Gulf Coast are key sites for MeHg production and may be a principal source of MeHg to foodwebs in the Gulf of Mexico.
Examining the relationships among MeHg, THg, and DOC across these multiple landscape types is a first step in evaluating possible links between key zones for Hg(II)-methylation and the bioaccumulation of mercury in the biota inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico region
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.017","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Hall, B., Aiken, G., Krabbenhoft, D., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., and Swarzenski, C., 2008, Wetlands as principal zones of methylmercury production in southern Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico region: Environmental Pollution, v. 154, no. 1, p. 124-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.017.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215035,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.017"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd028e4b08c986b32ecd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, B.D.","contributorId":42408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M.","contributorId":28367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, C.M.","contributorId":74856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031955,"text":"70031955 - 2008 - Are we missing a mineralocorticoid in teleost fish? Effects of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone on osmoregulation, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and isoform mRNA levels in Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T11:14:38","indexId":"70031955","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are we missing a mineralocorticoid in teleost fish? Effects of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone on osmoregulation, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and isoform mRNA levels in Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"It has long been held that cortisol, acting through a single receptor, carries out both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions in teleost fish. The recent finding that fish express a gene with high sequence similarity to the mammalian mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) suggests the possibility that a hormone other than cortisol carries out some mineralocorticoid functions in fish. To test for this possibility, we examined the effect of in vivo cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and aldosterone on salinity tolerance, gill Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and mRNA levels of NKA α1a and α1b in Atlantic salmon. Cortisol treatment for 6–14 days resulted in increased, physiological levels of cortisol, increased gill NKA activity and improved salinity tolerance (lower plasma chloride after a 24 h seawater challenge), whereas DOC and aldosterone had no effect on either NKA activity or salinity tolerance. NKA α1a and α1b mRNA levels, which increase in response to fresh water and seawater acclimation, respectively, were both upregulated by cortisol, whereas DOC and aldosterone were without effect. Cortisol, DOC and aldosterone had no effect on gill glucocorticoid receptor GR1, GR2 and MR mRNA levels, although there was some indication of possible upregulation of GR1 by cortisol (p = 0.07). The putative GR blocker RU486 inhibited cortisol-induced increases in salinity tolerance, NKA activity and NKA α1a and α1b transcription, whereas the putative MR blocker spironolactone had no effect. The results provide support that cortisol, and not DOC or aldosterone, is involved in regulating the mineralocorticoid functions of ion uptake and salt secretion in teleost fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.03.024","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., Regish, A., O’Dea, M.F., and Shrimpton, J., 2008, Are we missing a mineralocorticoid in teleost fish? Effects of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone on osmoregulation, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and isoform mRNA levels in Atlantic salmon: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 157, no. 1, p. 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.03.024.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":197,"text":"Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.03.024"},{"id":242560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed63e4b0c8380cd497ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regish, A. 0000-0003-4747-4265","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":73837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Dea, M. F.","contributorId":30579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dea","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shrimpton, J. M.","contributorId":10362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrimpton","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031864,"text":"70031864 - 2008 - Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Program design, methodological considerations, and initial results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031864","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Program design, methodological considerations, and initial results","docAbstract":"Atlanta, Georgia (City of Atlanta, COA), is one of the most rapidly growing urban areas in the US. Beginning in 2003, the US Geological Survey established a long-term water-quantity/quality monitoring network for the COA. The results obtained during the first 2 years have provided insights into the requirements needed to determine the extent of urban impacts on water quality, especially in terms of estimating the annual fluxes of suspended sediment, trace/major elements, and nutrients. During 2004/2005, suspended sediment fluxes from the City of Atlanta (COA) amounted to about 150 000 t year-1; ??? 94% of the transport occurred in conjunction with storm-flow, which also accounted for ??? 65% of the annual discharge. Typically, storm-flow averaged ??? 20% of theyear. Normally, annual suspended sediment fluxes are determined by summing daily loads based on a single calculation step using mean-daily discharge and a single rating curve-derived suspended sediment concentration. Due to the small and 'flashy' nature of the COAs streams, this approach could produce underestimates ranging from 25% to 64%. Accurate estimates (?? 15%) require calculation time-steps as short as every 2-3 h. Based on annual median base-flow/storm-flow chemical concentrations, the annual fluxes of ??? 75% of trace elements (e.g. Cu, Pb, Zn), major elements (e.g. Fe, Al), and total P occur in association with suspended sediment; in turn, ??? 90% of the transport of these constituents occur in conjunction with storm-flow. As such, base-flow sediment-associated and dissolved contributions represent relatively insignificant portions of the total annual load. An exception is total N, whose sediment-associated fluxes range from 50% to 60%; even so, storm-related transport typically exceeds 80%. Hence, in urban environments, non-point-source appear to be the dominant contributors to the fluxes of these constituents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6699","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J., 2008, Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Program design, methodological considerations, and initial results: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 10, p. 1473-1496, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6699.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1496","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6699"},{"id":242716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dfae4b0c8380cd7070d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032067,"text":"70032067 - 2008 - Early marine growth of pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal gulf of Alaska during years of low and high survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032067","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early marine growth of pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal gulf of Alaska during years of low and high survival","docAbstract":"Although early marine growth has repeatedly been correlated with overall survival in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of smolt-to-adult survival. Smolt-to-adult survival of pink salmon O. gorbuscha returning to Prince William Sound was lower than average for juveniles that entered marine waters in 2001 and 2003 (3% in both years), and high for those that entered the ocean in 2002 (9%) and 2004 (8%). We used circulus patterns from scales to determine how the early marine growth of juvenile pink salmon differed (1) seasonally during May-October, the period hypothesized to be critical for survival; (2) between years of low and high survival; and (3) between hatchery and wild fish. Juvenile pink salmon exhibited larger average size, migrated onto the continental shelf and out of the sampling area more quickly, and survived better during 2002 and 2004 than during 2001 and 2003. Pink salmon were consistently larger throughout the summer and early fall during 2002 and 2004 than during 2001 and 2003, indicating that larger, faster-growing juveniles experienced higher survival. Wild juvenile pink salmon were larger than hatchery fish during low-survival years, but no difference was observed during high-survival years. Differences in size among years were determined by some combination of growing conditions and early mortality, the strength of which could vary significantly among years. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-015.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Cross, A., Beauchamp, D., Myers, K., and Moss, J., 2008, Early marine growth of pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal gulf of Alaska during years of low and high survival: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 3, p. 927-939, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-015.1.","startPage":"927","endPage":"939","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214967,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-015.1"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a048be4b0c8380cd50a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, A.D.","contributorId":71381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, D.A.","contributorId":54397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, K.W.","contributorId":36725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, J.H.","contributorId":38772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031947,"text":"70031947 - 2008 - Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031947","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems","docAbstract":"We investigated the deep-sea fossil record of benthic ostracodes during periods of rapid climate and oceanographic change over the past 20,000 years in a core from intermediate depth in the northwestern Atlantic. Results show that deep-sea benthic community \"collapses\" occur with faunal turnover of up to 50% during major climatically driven oceanographic changes. Species diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index falls from 3 to as low as 1.6 during these events. Major disruptions in the benthic communities commenced with Heinrich Event 1, the Inter-Aller??d Cold Period (IACP: 13.1 ka), the Younger Dryas (YD: 12.9-11.5 ka), and several Holocene Bond events when changes in deep-water circulation occurred. The largest collapse is associated with the YD/IACP and is characterized by an abrupt two-step decrease in both the upper North Atlantic Deep Water assemblage and species diversity at 13.1 ka and at 12.2 ka. The ostracode fauna at this site did not fully recover until ???8 ka, with the establishment of Labrador Sea Water ventilation. Ecologically opportunistic slope species prospered during this community collapse. Other abrupt community collapses during the past 20 ka generally correspond to millennial climate events. These results indicate that deep-sea ecosystems are not immune to the effects of rapid climate changes occurring over centuries or less. ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0705486105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Yasuhara, M., Cronin, T.M., Demenocal, P., Okahashi, H., and Linsley, B., 2008, Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 5, p. 1556-1560, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705486105.","startPage":"1556","endPage":"1560","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487039,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705486105","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705486105"},{"id":242424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e646e4b0c8380cd472e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","contributorId":37935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasuhara","given":"Moriaki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demenocal, P.B.","contributorId":78955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demenocal","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okahashi, H.","contributorId":11428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okahashi","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linsley, B.K.","contributorId":55155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsley","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032135,"text":"70032135 - 2008 - Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:58:12","indexId":"70032135","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize","docAbstract":"Strontium (Sr)-isotope values on bone from deer mice pairs from 12 field sites in the Chaco Canyon area, New Mexico, were compared with isotope values of synthetic soil waters from the same fields. The data indicate that mice obtain Sr from near-surface sources and that soil samples collected at depths ranging from 25 to 95 cm contain Sr that is more accessible to the deep roots of maize; thus, synthetic soil solutions provide better data for the sourcing of archaeological maize. However, the Sr-isotope composition of mice may be more valuable in sourcing archaeological remains of animals such as rabbit, turkey, and deer. In a separate study, five Native American maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) accessions grown out at New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center, Farmington, New Mexico were used to determine if soil-water metal pairs partition systematically into cobs and kernels. The sampled maize included landraces from three Native American groups (Acoma, Hopi, Zuni) that still occupy the Four Corners area. Two cobs each were picked from 10 plants of each landrace. Partitioning of the Ba/Mn, Ba/Sr, Ca/Sr, and K/Rb metal pairs from the soil water to the cob appears to behave in a systematic fashion. In addition, 51 rare earth element (REE) pairs also appear to systematically partition from the soil water into cobs; however, the ratios of the REE dissolved in the soil waters are relatively invariant; therefore, the distribution coefficients that describe the partitioning of REE from the soil water to the cob may not apply to archeological cobs grown under chemically heterogeneous conditions. Partitioning of Ba/Rb, Ba/Sr, Mg/P, and Mn/P metal pairs from the soil water to kernels also behaves in a systematic fashion. Given that modern Native American landraces were grown under optimal environmental conditions that may not have been duplicated by prehistoric Native Americans, the distribution coefficients obtained in this study should be used with caution. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.018","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Taylor, H.E., Peterson, K., Shattuck, B., Ramotnik, C., and Stein, J., 2008, Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 35, no. 4, p. 912-921, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.018.","startPage":"912","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.018"},{"id":242698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0022e4b0c8380cd4f5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, K.A.","contributorId":65344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shattuck, B.D.","contributorId":20226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shattuck","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramotnik, C.A.","contributorId":23896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramotnik","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, J.R.","contributorId":60029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032106,"text":"70032106 - 2008 - Macrophyte decomposition in a surface-flow ammonia-dominated constructed wetland: Rates associated with environmental and biotic variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032106","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macrophyte decomposition in a surface-flow ammonia-dominated constructed wetland: Rates associated with environmental and biotic variables","docAbstract":"Decomposition of senesced culm material of two bulrush species was studied in a surface-flow ammonia-dominated treatment wetland in southern California. Decomposition of the submerged culm material during summer months was relatively rapid (k = 0.037 day-1), but slowed under extended submergence (up to 245 days) and during fall and spring sampling periods (k = 0.009-0.014 day-1). Stepwise regression of seasonal data indicated that final water temperature and abundance of the culm-mining midge, Glyptotendipes, were significantly associated with culm decomposition. Glyptotendipes abundance, in turn, was correlated with water quality parameters such as conductivity and dissolved oxygen and ammonia concentrations. No differences were detected in decomposition rates between the bulrush species, Schoenoplectus californicus and Schoenoplectus acutus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.003","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Thullen, J., Nelson, S.M., Cade, B., and Sartoris, J., 2008, Macrophyte decomposition in a surface-flow ammonia-dominated constructed wetland: Rates associated with environmental and biotic variables: Ecological Engineering, v. 32, no. 3, p. 281-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.003.","startPage":"281","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.003"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b22e4b0c8380cd692f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thullen, J.S.","contributorId":16361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thullen","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sartoris, J.J.","contributorId":84310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoris","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031882,"text":"70031882 - 2008 - Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:22:04","indexId":"70031882","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1660,"text":"Fisheries Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium","docAbstract":"Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non-spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non-spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre-spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub-areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x","issn":"10546006","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Litzow, M.A., Abookire, A.A., Romano, M.D., and Robards, M.D., 2008, Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium: Fisheries Oceanography, v. 17, no. 2, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a3e4b0c8380cd5013e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031917,"text":"70031917 - 2008 - Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:37:14","indexId":"70031917","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the Western United States","docAbstract":"Observations have shown that the hydrological cycle of the western United States changed significantly over the last half of the 20th century. We present a regional, multivariable climate change detection and attribution study, using a high-resolution hydrologic model forced by global climate models, focusing on the changes that have already affected this primarily arid region with a large and growing population. The results show that up to 60% of the climate-related trends of river flow, winter air temperature, and snow pack between 1950 and 1999 are human-induced. These results are robust to perturbation of study variates and methods. 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