Flood and dambreak hazards are not limited to moderate terrain, yet most shallow-water models assume that flow occurs over gentle slopes. Shallow-water flow over rugged or steep terrain often generates significant nonhydrostatic pressures, violating the assumption of hydrostatic pressure made in most shallow-water codes. In this paper, we adapt a previously published nonhydrostatic granular flow model to simulate shallow-water flow, and we solve conservation equations using a finite volume approach and an Harten, Lax, Van Leer, and Einfeldt approximate Riemann solver that is modified for a sloping bed and transient wetting and drying conditions. To simulate bed friction, we use the law of the wall. We test the model by comparison with an analytical solution and with results of experiments in flumes that have steep (31°) or shallow (0.3°) slopes. The law of the wall provides an accurate prediction of the effect of bed roughness on mean flow velocity over two orders of magnitude of bed roughness. Our nonhydrostatic, law-of-the-wall flow simulation accurately reproduces flume measurements of front propagation speed, flow depth, and bed-shear stress for conditions of large bed roughness.
The interaction of two rivers flowing into Coeur d’Alene Lake (United States) was investigated with a field experiment and three-dimensional numerical simulations. The focus was on the influence of basin morphology, wind speed, and wind direction on the fate and transport of the inflowing water. Data from the field campaign showed that intrusions from the two rivers propagated into the lake at different depths, with the trace element polluted Coeur d’Alene River flowing into the lake above the trace element poor and nutrient rich St. Joe River inflow. The inflows initially intruded horizontally into the lake at their level of neutral buoyancy and later mixed vertically. Model results revealed that, as the intrusions entered the main lake basin, a forced horizontal mode-two basin-scale internal wave interacted with the intrusions to frequently siphon them into the lake proper and where rapid vertical mixing followed. The results serve to show how detailed transport and mixing patterns in a lake can have important consequences for the plankton ecology in the lake.
In 2003–2005, systematic studies in four contrasting hydrogeologic settings were undertaken to improve understanding of source and transport controls on nitrate movement to public supply wells (PSW) in principal aquifers of the United States. Chemical, isotopic, and age tracer data show that agricultural fertilizers and urban septic leachate were the primary sources of large nitrate concentrations in PSW capture zones at Modesto, California (Central Valley aquifer system) and York, Nebraska (High Plains aquifer). Urban septic leachate and fertilizer (possibly nonfarm) were the primary sources of large nitrate concentrations in PSW capture zones at Woodbury, Connecticut (glacial aquifer system), and Tampa, Florida (Floridan aquifer system), respectively. Nitrate fluxes to the water table were larger in agricultural settings than urban settings, indicating that it would be beneficial to reduce PSW capture zone areas in agricultural regions. Mixing calculations indicate that about 50 to 85% of the nitrate in water from the PSW could be from those modern anthropogenic sources, with the remainder coming from sources in old (>50 years) recharge or sources in young recharge in undisturbed settings such as forests. Excess N2 concentrations and age tracers showed that denitrification at Modesto occurred gradually (first‐order rate constant of 0.02/a) in a thick reaction zone following a ∼30‐year lag time after recharge. Denitrification generally was not an important nitrate sink at Woodbury. At York and Tampa, denitrification occurred rapidly (0.5 to 6/a) in thin reaction zones in fine‐grained sediments that separated the anoxic PSW producing zones from overlying oxic, high‐nitrate ground water. Particle tracking showed that a major pathway by which anthropogenic nitrate reached the York and Tampa PSW was by movement through long well screens crossing multiple hydrogeologic units (York) and by movement through karst features (Tampa), processes which reduced ground water residence times in the denitrifying zones. These results illustrate how PSW vulnerability to nitrate contamination depends on complex variations and interactions between contaminant sources, reaction rates, transit times, mixing, and perturbation of ground water flow in contrasting hydrogeologic settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006252","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., Kauffman, L.J., Kipp, K., Landon, M., Crandall, C.A., Burow, K., and Brown, C.J., 2008, Source and transport controls on the movement of nitrate to public supply wells in selected principal aquifers of the United States: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 4, Article W04401; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006252.","productDescription":"Article W04401; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9322e4b08c986b31a2f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kipp, K.L.","contributorId":96715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burow, K.R. 0000-0001-6006-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":48283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033347,"text":"70033347 - 2008 - Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033347","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","docAbstract":"Reservoirs have traditionally been regarded as spatially independent entities rather than as longitudinal segments of a river system that are connected upstream and downstream to the river and other reservoirs. This view has frustrated advancement in reservoir science by impeding adequate organization of available information and by hindering interchanges with allied disciplines that often consider impounded rivers at the basin scale. We analyzed reservoir morphology, water quality, and fish assemblage data collected in 24 reservoirs of the Tennessee River; we wanted to describe longitudinal changes occurring at the scale of the entire reservoir series (i.e., cascade) and to test the hypothesis that fish communities and environmental factors display predictable gradients like those recognized for unimpounded rivers. We used a data set collected over a 7-year period; over 3 million fish representing 94 species were included in the data set. Characteristics such as reservoir mean depth, relative size of the limnetic zone, water retention time, oxygen stratification, thermal stratification, substrate size, and water level fluctuations increased in upstream reservoirs. Conversely, reservoir area, extent of riverine and littoral zones, access to floodplains and associated wetlands, habitat diversity, and nutrient and sediment inputs increased in downstream reservoirs. Upstream reservoirs included few, largely lacustrine, ubiquitous fish taxa that were characteristic of the lentic upper reaches of the basin. Fish species richness increased in a downstream direction from 12 to 67 species/ reservoir as riverine species became more common. Considering impoundments at a basin scale by viewing them as sections in a river or links in a chain may generate insight that is not always available when the impoundments are viewed as isolated entities. Basin-scale variables are rarely controllable but constrain the expression of processes at smaller scales and can facilitate the organization of reservoir management efforts. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-262.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., Habrat, M., and Miyazono, S., 2008, Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1851-1865, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1865","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1"},{"id":240968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c2e4b0c8380cd68877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Habrat, M.D.","contributorId":50361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habrat","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miyazono, S.","contributorId":79310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyazono","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033342,"text":"70033342 - 2008 - Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T15:30:17.246145","indexId":"70033342","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States","docAbstract":"Occurrence and fate of 45 pesticides and 40 pesticide degradates were investigated in four contrasting agricultural settings—in Maryland, Nebraska, California, and Washington. Primary crops included corn at all sites, soybeans in Maryland, orchards in California and Washington, and vineyards in Washington. Pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples from all four areas were predominantly from two classes of herbicides—triazines and chloroacetanilides; insecticides and fungicides were not present in the shallow ground water. In most samples, pesticide degradates greatly exceeded the concentrations of parent pesticide. In samples from Nebraska, the parent pesticide atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] was about the same concentration as the degradate, but in samples from Maryland and California atrazine concentrations were substantially smaller than its degradate. Simazine [6-chloro-N,N′-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], the second most detected triazine, was detected in ground water from Maryland, California, and Washington. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] rarely was detected without its degradates, and when they were detected in the same sample metolachlor always had smaller concentrations. The Root-Zone Water-Quality Model was used to examine the occurrence and fate of metolachlor at the Maryland site. Simulations accurately predicted which metolachlor degradate would be predominant in the unsaturated zone. In analyses of relations among redox indicators and pesticide variance, apparent age, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and excess nitrogen gas (from denitrification) were important indicators of the presence and concentration of pesticides in these ground water systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0166","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., Johnson, H., Sandstrom, M.W., Capel, P., and Barbash, J., 2008, Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1116-1132, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0166.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1116","endPage":"1132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science 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V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, H.M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":75339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capel, P. 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D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27 μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5 μg/L at pH < 7.5 regardless of geology. δ53Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ53Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ53Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ53Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ53Cr values were observed as dissolved O2 concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ53Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ53Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ53Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ53Cr values at the site. Although δ53Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ53Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ18O and δD composition of water from wells.
A tracer experiment, using a nonreactive tracer, was conducted as part of an investigation of the potential for chemical and pathogen migration to public supply wells that draw groundwater from the highly transmissive karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The tracer was injected into the formation over approximately 1 h, and its recovery was monitored at a pumping well approximately 100 m from the injection well. The first detection of the tracer occurred after approximately 5 h, and the peak concentration occurred at about 8 h after the injection. The tracer was still detected in the production well more than 6 days after injection, and only 42% of the tracer mass was recovered. It is hypothesized that a combination of chemical diffusion and slow advection resulted in significant retention of the tracer in the formation, despite the high transmissivity of the karst limestone. The tail of the breakthrough curve exhibited a straight‐line behavior with a slope of −2 on a log‐log plot of concentration versus time. The −2 slope is hypothesized to be a function of slow advection, where the velocities of flow paths are hypothesized to range over several orders of magnitude. The flow paths having the slowest velocities result in a response similar to chemical diffusion. Chemical diffusion, due to chemical gradients, is still ongoing during the declining limb of the breakthrough curve, but this process is dwarfed by the magnitude of the mass flux by slow advection.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006059","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Renken, R.A., Harvey, R.W., Zygnerski, M.R., and Metge, D.W., 2008, Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 8, W08430; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006059.","productDescription":"W08430; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7595e4b0c8380cd77c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":440328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zygnerski, Michael R.","contributorId":25469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033313,"text":"70033313 - 2008 - Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:42:43.145442","indexId":"70033313","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis","docAbstract":"The spring condition hypothesis (SCH) states that the current decline of the North American scaup population (Lesser [Aythya affinis] and Greater Scaup [A. marila] combined) is due to a decline in quality or availability of scaup foods on wintering, spring migration, or breeding areas that has caused a reduction in female body condition and subsequent reproductive success. Our previous research indicated that forage quality in diets of Lesser Scaup (hereafter scaup) at two sites in Northwestern Minnesota was lower in springs 2000-2001 than that reported for springs 1986-1988, consistent with the SCH. Accordingly, we further tested the SCH at a landscape scale, by comparing amounts of amphipods in diets (index of forage quality) of scaup (N = 263) collected in springs 2003-2005 from seven eco-physiographic regions in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota in relation to data from Northwestern Minnesota during springs 2000-2001. We found that aggregate percentages of Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca (amphipods) in scaup diets during springs 2000-2001 in Northwest Minnesota were similar to those in the Iowa Prairie Pothole, Minnesota Morainal, Minnesota Glaciated Plains, Red River Valley, and Northwestern Minnesota in springs 2003-2005; however, scaup consumed relatively higher aggregate percentages of Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca in North Dakota Missouri Coteau and North Dakota Glaciated Plains. Females in Iowa were over three times less likely to have consumed food than those in North Dakota, despite previous research indicating similar foraging rates among these regions. Mean mass of scaup diet samples throughout the upper-Midwest were 77 mg (49%) and 87 mg (52%) lower than those of historical studies in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively. We conclude that there has been a decrease in forage quality for scaup in Iowa and Minnesota and a decrease in the amount of forage consumed throughout the upper-Midwest, consistent with the SCH.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[97:DOLSDS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., and Afton, A., 2008, Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis: Waterbirds, v. 31, no. 1, p. 97-106, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[97:DOLSDS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 46.7248003746672\n ],\n [\n -94.119873046875,\n 46.7248003746672\n ],\n [\n -94.119873046875,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 46.7248003746672\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e3e4b0c8380cd4f994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033310,"text":"70033310 - 2008 - Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033310","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes","docAbstract":"Sulfate (S and O) isotopes used in conjunction with sulfate concentration provide a tracer for ground water contributions to base flow. They are particularly useful in areas where rock sources of contrasting S isotope character are juxtaposed, where water chemistry or H and O isotopes fail to distinguish water sources, and in arid areas where rain water contributions to base flow are minimal. Sonoita Creek basin in southern Arizona, where evaporite and igneous sources of sulfur are commonly juxtaposed, serves as an example. Base flow in Sonoita Creek is a mixture of three ground water sources: A, basin ground water with sulfate resembling that from Permian evaporite; B, ground water from the Patagonia Mountains; and C, ground water associated with Temporal Gulch. B and C contain sulfate like that of acid rock drainage in the region but differ in sulfate content. Source A contributes 50% to 70%, with the remainder equally divided between B and C during the base flow seasons. The proportion of B generally increases downstream. The proportion of A is greatest under drought conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00437.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gu, A., Gray, F., Eastoe, C., Norman, L., Duarte, O., and Long, A., 2008, Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 3, p. 502-509, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00437.x.","startPage":"502","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00437.x"},{"id":241061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb690e4b08c986b326d3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, A.","contributorId":13043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, F.","contributorId":87270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastoe, C.J.","contributorId":107051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastoe","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norman, L.M.","contributorId":20455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duarte, O.","contributorId":62030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, A.","contributorId":25307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033308,"text":"70033308 - 2008 - Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:48:40","indexId":"70033308","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2263,"text":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"Concentrations of Ra in liquid and solid wastes generated from 15 softeners treating domestic well waters from New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers (where combined Ra (226Ra plus 228Ra) concentrations commonly exceed 0.185 Bq L−1) were determined. Softeners, when maintained, reduced combined Ra about 10-fold (<0.024 Bq L−1). Combined Ra exceeded 0.185 Bq L−1 at 1 non-maintained system. Combined Ra was enriched in regeneration brine waste (maximum, 81.2 Bq L−1), but concentrations in septic-tank effluents receiving brine waste were less than in the untreated ground waters. The maximum combined Ra concentration in aquifer sands (40.7 Bq kg−1 dry weight) was less than that in sludge from the septic tanks (range, 84–363 Bq kg−1), indicating Ra accumulation in sludge from effluent. The combined Ra concentration in sludge from the homeowners' septic systems falls within the range reported for sludge samples from publicly owned treatment works within the region.
Bright gully sediments attributed to liquid water flow have been deposited on Mars within the past several years. To test the liquid water flow hypothesis, we constructed a high-resolution (1 m/pixel) photogrammetric digital elevation model of a crater in the Centauri Montes region, where a bright gully deposit formed between 2001 and 2005. We conducted one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D numerical flow modeling to test whether the deposit morphology is most consistent with liquid water or dry granular How. Liquid water flow models that incorporate freezing can match the runout distance of the flow for certain freezing rates but fail to reconstruct the distributary lobe morphology of the distal end of the deposit. Dry granular flow models can match both the observed runout distance and the distal morphology. Wet debris flows with high sediment concentrations are also consistent with the observed morphology because their rheologies are often similar to that of dry granular flows. As such, the presence of liquid water in this flow event cannot be ruled out, but the available evidence is consistent with dry landsliding.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24346A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Pelletier, J.D., Kolb, K.J., McEwen, A.S., and Kirk, R.L., 2008, Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow?: Geology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 211-214, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24346A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Centauri Montes; Mars","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95eae4b0c8380cd81cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pelletier, Jon D.","contributorId":22657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelletier","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolb, Kelly J.","contributorId":210546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolb","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033283,"text":"70033283 - 2008 - Role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation and settling of suspended particles in the Mississippi River Delta plain, Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:44:01","indexId":"70033283","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation and settling of suspended particles in the Mississippi River Delta plain, Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"River-dominated delta areas are primary sites of active biogeochemical cycling, with productivity enhanced by terrestrial inputs of nutrients. Particle aggregation in these areas primarily controls the deposition of suspended particles, yet factors that control particle aggregation and resulting sedimentation in these environments are poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation of suspended particles in the Mississippi Delta. Three representative sites along the salinity gradient were selected and sediments were collected from the sediment-water interface. Based on quantitative mineralogical analyses 88–89 wt.% of all minerals in the sediments are clays, mainly smectite and illite. Consumption of SO42− and the formation of H2S and pyrite during microbial Fe(III) reduction of the non-sterile sediments by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 in artificial pore water (APW) media suggest simultaneous sulfate and Fe(III) reduction activity. The pHPZNPC of the sediments was ≤3.5 and their zeta potentials at the sediment-water interface pH (6.9–7.3) varied from −35 to −45 mV, suggesting that both edges and faces of clay particles have negative surface charge. Therefore, high concentrations of cations in pore water are expected to be a predominant factor in particle aggregation consistent with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Experiments on aggregation of different types of sediments in the same APW composition revealed that the sediment with low zeta potential had a high rate of aggregation. Similarly, addition of external Fe(II) (i.e. not derived from sediments) was normally found to enhance particle aggregation and deposition in all sediments, probably resulting from a decrease in surface potential of particles due to specific Fe(II) sorption. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) images showed predominant face-to-face clay aggregation in native sediments and composite mixtures of biopolymer, bacteria, and clay minerals in the bioreduced sediments. However, a clear need remains for additional information on the conditions, if any, that favor the development of anoxia in deep- and bottom-water bodies supporting Fe(III) reduction and resulting in particle aggregation and sedimentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560403","usgsCitation":"Jaisi, D.P., Ji, S., Dong, H., Blake, R.E., Eberl, D.D., and Kim, J., 2008, Role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation and settling of suspended particles in the Mississippi River Delta plain, Louisiana, USA: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 56, no. 4, p. 416-428, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560403.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"428","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae5ce4b0c8380cd8709f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaisi, Deb P.","contributorId":82913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaisi","given":"Deb","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, Shanshan","contributorId":85481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Shanshan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, Hailiang","contributorId":50802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Hailiang","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, Ruth E.","contributorId":81316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kim, Jinwook","contributorId":53416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Jinwook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033274,"text":"70033274 - 2008 - Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033274","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic","docAbstract":"Previous studies indicate that the locations of the endangered loggerhead Caretta caretta and critically endangered leatherback Dermochelys coriacea sea turtles are influenced by water temperatures, and that incidental catch rates in the pelagic longline fishery vary by region. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model to examine the effects of environmental variables, including water temperature, on the number of sea turtles captured in the US pelagic longline fishery in the western North Atlantic. The modeling structure is highly flexible, utilizes a Bayesian model selection technique, and is fully implemented in the software program WinBUGS. The number of sea turtles captured is modeled as a zero-inflated Poisson distribution and the model incorporates fixed effects to examine region-specific differences in the parameter estimates. Results indicate that water temperature, region, bottom depth, and target species are all significant predictors of the number of loggerhead sea turtles captured. For leatherback sea turtles, the model with only target species had the most posterior model weight, though a re-parameterization of the model indicates that temperature influences the zero-inflation parameter. The relationship between the number of sea turtles captured and the variables of interest all varied by region. This suggests that management decisions aimed at reducing sea turtle bycatch may be more effective if they are spatially explicit. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/esr00105","issn":"18635","usgsCitation":"Gardner, B., Sullivan, P., Epperly, S., and Morreale, S., 2008, Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic: Endangered Species Research, v. 5, no. 2-3, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00105.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476808,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00105"},{"id":241059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a309de4b0c8380cd5d7c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, B.","contributorId":26793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epperly, S.","contributorId":85408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epperly","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morreale, S.J.","contributorId":101463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morreale","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033271,"text":"70033271 - 2008 - Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:29:38","indexId":"70033271","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2247,"text":"Journal of Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases","docAbstract":"Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can induce endocrinopathies. The basis of altered endocrine function in prion diseases is not well understood, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship between energy homeostasis and prion infection in hamsters inoculated with either the 139H strain of scrapie agent, which induces preclinical weight gain, or the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), which induces clinical weight loss. Temporal changes in body weight, feed, and water intake were measured as well as both non-fasted and fasted concentrations of serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, ??-ketones, and leptin. In 139H scrapie-infected hamsters, polydipsia, hyperphagia, non-fasted hyperinsulinemia with hyperglycemia, and fasted hyperleptinemia were found at preclinical stages and are consistent with an anabolic syndrome that has similarities to type II diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome X. In HY TME-infected hamsters, hypodipsia, hypersecretion of glucagon (in both non-fasted and fasted states), increased fasted ??-ketones, fasted hypoglycemia, and suppressed non-fasted leptin concentrations were found while feed intake was normal. These findings suggest a severe catabolic syndrome in HY TME infection mediated by chronic increases in glucagon secretion. In both models, alterations of pancreatic endocrine function were not associated with PrPSc deposition in the pancreas. The results indicate that prominent endocrinopathy underlies alterations in body weight, pancreatic endocrine function, and intake of food. The prion-induced alterations of energy homeostasis in 139H scrapie- or HY TME-infected hamsters could occur within areas of the hypothalamus that control food satiety and/or within autonomic centers that provide neural outflow to the pancreas. ?? 2008 Society for Endocrinology.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Endocrinology","doi":"10.1677/JOE-07-0516","issn":"00220795","usgsCitation":"Bailey, J.D., Berardinelli, J., Rocke, T., and Bessen, R.A., 2008, Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases: Journal of Endocrinology, v. 197, no. 2, p. 251-263, https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0516.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476639,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0516","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0516"}],"volume":"197","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f05e4b0c8380cd7f52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, J. D.","contributorId":66882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berardinelli, J.G.","contributorId":89727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berardinelli","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bessen, R. A.","contributorId":91611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bessen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033265,"text":"70033265 - 2008 - The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033265","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic","docAbstract":"The Bruun/Dean relation between water depth and distance from the shore with a constant profile shape factor is widely used to describe shoreface profiles in temperate environments. However, it has been shown that the sediment scale parameter (A) and the profile shape factor (m) are interrelated variables. An analysis of 63 Arctic erosional shoreface profiles shows that both coefficients are highly variable. Relative frequency of the average m value is only 16% by the class width 0.1. No other m value frequency exceeds 21%. Therefore, there is insufficient reason to use average m to characterize Arctic shoreface profile shape. The shape of each profile has a definite combination of A and m values. Coefficients A and m show a distinct inverse relationship, as in temperate climate. A dependence of m values on coastal sediment grain size is seen, and m decreases with increasing grain size. With constant m = 0.67, parameter A obtains a dimension unit m1/3. But A equals the water depth in meters 1 m from the water edge. This fact and the variability of parameter m testify that the Bruun/Dean equation is essentially an empirical formula. There is no need to give any measurement unit to parameter A. But the International System of Units (SI) has to be used in applying the Bruun/Dean equation for shoreface profiles. A comparison of the shape of Arctic shoreface profiles with those of temperate environments shows surprising similarity. Therefore, the conclusions reached in this Arctic paper seem to apply also to temperate environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/05-0572.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Are, F., and Reimnitz, E., 2008, The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 2 SUPPL. B, p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.2112/05-0572.1.","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/05-0572.1"},{"id":240925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2 SUPPL. B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba65be4b08c986b32109d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Are, F.","contributorId":46772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Are","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033259,"text":"70033259 - 2008 - Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033259","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Although published studies indicate the contrary, there is concern among many sport anglers that migrating red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and other waterbirds pose a competitive threat to sport fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Erie. We quantified the diet of autumn-migrant mergansers and walleye during 1998-2000 in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie. We hypothesized that the diets of both predators would be similar in species composition, but because of different foraging ecologies their diets would differ markedly in size of prey consumed. In addition to predator samples, we used trawl data from the same general area as an index of prey availability. We found that mergansers fed almost exclusively on fish (nine species). Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Walleye fed exclusively on fish: gizzard shad, alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and emerald shiner were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Diet overlap between mergansers and walleye was 67% by weight and 66% by species frequency. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby found in walleye stomachs exceeded those captured in trawls by 47%, on average. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby were greater in walleye stomachs than in merganser stomachs. Mean total lengths of emerald shiner and round goby were less in merganser stomachs than in trawls. Our results suggest that although the diets of walleye and mergansers overlapped considerably, mergansers generally consumed smaller fish than walleye. Given the abundance and diversity of prey species available, and the transient nature of mergansers on Lake Erie during migration, we conclude that competition for food between these species is minimal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Bur, M., Stapanian, M., Bernhardt, G., and Turner, M., 2008, Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie: American Midland Naturalist, v. 159, no. 1, p. 147-161, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"147","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ee5e4b0c8380cd53693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bur, M.T.","contributorId":58215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, G.","contributorId":48837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, M.W.","contributorId":25424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033257,"text":"70033257 - 2008 - A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:12:33","indexId":"70033257","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method was developed for the analysis of over 60 pesticides and degradates in water by HLB solid-phase extraction and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined using two surface waters with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the lower DOC water, recoveries and detection limits were 80%–108% and 1–12 ng/L, respectively. In the higher DOC water, the detection limits were slightly higher (1–15 ng/L). Additionally, surface water samples from four sites were analyzed and 14 pesticides were detected with concentrations ranging from 4 to 1,200 ng/L.
Determining the processes governing aqueous biogeochemistry in a wetland hydrologically linked to an underlying contaminated aquifer is challenging due to the complex exchange between the systems and their distinct responses to changes in precipitation, recharge, and biological activities. To evaluate temporal and spatial processes in the wetland-aquifer system, water samples were collected using cm-scale multi-chambered passive diffusion samplers (peepers) to span the wetland-aquifer interface over a period of 3 yr. Samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, methane, and a suite of organic acids resulting in a large dataset of over 8000 points, which was evaluated using multivariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was chosen with the purpose of exploring the sources of variation in the dataset to expose related variables and provide insight into the biogeochemical processes that control the water chemistry of the system. Factor scores computed from PCA were mapped by date and depth. Patterns observed suggest that (i) fermentation is the process controlling the greatest variability in the dataset and it peaks in May; (ii) iron and sulfate reduction were the dominant terminal electron-accepting processes in the system and were associated with fermentation but had more complex seasonal variability than fermentation; (iii) methanogenesis was also important and associated with bacterial utilization of minerals as a source of electron acceptors (e.g., barite BaSO4); and (iv) seasonal hydrological patterns (wet and dry periods) control the availability of electron acceptors through the reoxidation of reduced iron-sulfur species enhancing iron and sulfate reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0169","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I., and Voytek, M., 2008, Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 30-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa2e4b0c8380cd4f2ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S. E.","contributorId":64034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033207,"text":"70033207 - 2008 - Dissolved and labile concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the South Fork Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho: Comparisons among chemical equilibrium models and implications for biotic ligand models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:39:59","indexId":"70033207","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved and labile concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the South Fork Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho: Comparisons among chemical equilibrium models and implications for biotic ligand models","docAbstract":"In order to evaluate thermodynamic speciation calculations inherent in biotic ligand models, the speciation of dissolved Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in aquatic systems influenced by historical mining activities is examined using equilibrium computer models and the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. Several metal/organic-matter complexation models, including WHAM VI, NICA-Donnan, and Stockholm Humic model (SHM), are used in combination with inorganic speciation models to calculate the thermodynamic speciation of dissolved metals and concentrations of metal associated with biotic ligands (e.g., fish gills). Maximum dynamic metal concentrations, determined from total dissolved metal concentrations and thermodynamic speciation calculations, are compared with labile metal concentrations measured by DGT to assess which metal/organic-matter complexation model best describes metal speciation and, thereby, biotic ligand speciation, in the studied systems. Results indicate that the choice of model that defines metal/organic-matter interactions does not affect calculated concentrations of Cd and Zn associated with biotic ligands for geochemical conditions in the study area, whereas concentrations of Cu and Pb associated with biotic ligands depend on whether the speciation calculations use WHAM VI, NICA-Donnan, or SHM. Agreement between labile metal concentrations and dynamic metal concentrations occurs when WHAM VI is used to calculate Cu speciation and SHM is used to calculate Pb speciation. Additional work in systems that contain wide ranges in concentrations of multiple metals should incorporate analytical speciation methods, such as DGT, to constrain the speciation component of biotic ligand models.