Populus deltoides is considered to be a weak resprouter and highly susceptible to wildfire, but few post-wildfire studies have tracked P. deltoides response and resprouting within the Great Plains of North America. Following a wildfire in southwestern Kansas, U.S.A., we surveyed burned and unburned areas of a cottonwood riparian forest along the Cimarron River that included a major understory invader, tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.). We tested the following hypotheses, which are consistent with the current understanding of P. deltoides response to wildfire in the Great Plains: (1) regeneration of P. deltoides will be low in areas burned by the wildfire; (2) the number of dead P. deltoides individuals will be greater in the wildfire than unburned areas; and (3) tamarisk regeneration will be higher than P. deltoides regeneration in the wildfire areas because tamarisk is considered a stronger resprouter. We found evidence contrary to two of our hypotheses 3 years following the wildfire. (1) P. deltoides regeneration was high following the wildfire, averaging 692 individuals/ha. (2) The number of dead mature cottonwood trees was greater in wildfire plots than in unburned plots. (3) There was more P. deltoides regeneration than tamarisk regeneration following wildfire. These findings, which diverge from the majority of studies examining P. deltoides regeneration in the Great Plains, suggest that differing local environmental and forest stand conditions, coupled with the timing and intensity of the fire, could be important determinants of riparian forest species' responses to wildfire.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12577","usgsCitation":"Wonkka, C.L., Twidwell, D., Bielski, C.H., Allen, C.R., and Stambaugh, M., 2018, Regeneration and invasion of cottonwood riparian forest following wildfire: Restoration Ecology, v. 26, no. 3, p. 456-465, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12577.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"465","ipdsId":"IP-089083","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cimarron National Grassland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.0417022705078,\n 37.1148835532981\n ],\n [\n -102.04238891601561,\n 37.02996578145435\n ],\n [\n -101.62353515625,\n 37.17235445206048\n ],\n [\n -101.64413452148436,\n 37.242901757950854\n ],\n [\n -102.0417022705078,\n 37.1148835532981\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b990e4b05fe04cd65c35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wonkka, Carissa L.","contributorId":197668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wonkka","given":"Carissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twidwell, Dirac","contributorId":187431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twidwell","given":"Dirac","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bielski, Christine H.","contributorId":197669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bielski","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stambaugh, Michael C.","contributorId":51202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stambaugh","given":"Michael C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192068,"text":"70192068 - 2018 - Tagging effects of passive integrated transponder and visual implant elastomer on the small-bodied white sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T14:10:06","indexId":"70192068","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Tagging effects of passive integrated transponder and visual implant elastomer on the small-bodied white sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa)","title":"Tagging effects of passive integrated transponder and visual implant elastomer on the small-bodied white sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa)","docAbstract":"One of the greatest limiting factors of studies designed to obtain growth, movement, and survival in small-bodied fishes is the selection of a viable tag. The tag must be relatively small with respect to body size as to impart minimal sub-lethal effects on growth and mobility, as well as be retained throughout the life of the fish or duration of the study. Thus, body size of the model species becomes a major limiting factor; yet few studies have obtained empirical evidence of the minimum fish size and related tagging effects. The probability of surviving a tagging event was quantified in White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) across a range of sizes (19–60 mm) to address the hypothesis that body size predicts tagging survival. We compared tagging related mortality, individual taggers, growth, and tag retention in White Sands pupfish implanted with 8-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT), visual implant elastomer (VIE), and control (handled similarly, but no tag implantation) over a 75 d period. Initial body weight was a good predictor of the probability of survival in PIT- and VIE-tagged fish. As weight increased by 1 g, the fish were 4.73 times more likely to survive PIT-tag implantation compared to the control fish with an estimated suitable tagging size at 1.1 g (TL: 39.29 ± 0.41 mm). Likewise, VIE-tagged animals were 2.27 times more likely to survive a tagging event compared to the control group for every additional 1 g with an estimated size suitable for tagging of 0.9 g (TL: 36.9 ± 0.36 mm) fish. Growth rates of PIT- and VIE-tagged White Sands pupfish were similar to the control groups. This research validated two popular tagging methodologies in the White Sands pupfish, thus providing a valuable tool for characterizing vital rates in other small-bodied fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.019","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D., Trantham, R.B., Trantham, T.G., and Caldwell, C.A., 2018, Tagging effects of passive integrated transponder and visual implant elastomer on the small-bodied white sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa): Fisheries Research, v. 198, p. 203-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.019.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"208","ipdsId":"IP-082439","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b98fe4b05fe04cd65c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Damon","contributorId":197677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Damon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trantham, Randi B.","contributorId":197678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trantham","given":"Randi","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trantham, Tulley G.","contributorId":197679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trantham","given":"Tulley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191516,"text":"70191516 - 2018 - The effects of snow and salt on ice table stability in University Valley, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T15:56:00","indexId":"70191516","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":814,"text":"Antarctic Science","onlineIssn":"1365-2079","printIssn":"0954-1020","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of snow and salt on ice table stability in University Valley, Antarctica","docAbstract":"The Antarctic Dry Valleys represent a unique environment where it is possible to study dry permafrost overlaying an ice-rich permafrost. In this paper, two opposing mechanisms for ice table stability in University Valley are addressed: i) diffusive recharge via thin seasonal snow deposits and ii) desiccation via salt deposits in the upper soil column. A high-resolution time-marching soil and snow model was constructed and applied to University Valley, driven by meteorological station atmospheric measurements. It was found that periodic thin surficial snow deposits (observed in University Valley) are capable of drastically slowing (if not completely eliminating) the underlying ice table ablation. The effects of NaCl, CaCl2 and perchlorate deposits were then modelled. Unlike the snow cover, however, the presence of salt in the soil surface (but no periodic snow) results in a slight increase in the ice table recession rate, due to the hygroscopic effects of salt sequestering vapour from the ice table below. Near-surface pore ice frequently forms when large amounts of salt are present in the soil due to the suppression of the saturation vapour pressure. Implications for Mars high latitudes are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0954102017000402","usgsCitation":"Williams, K.E., Heldmann, J.L., McKay, C.P., and Mellon, M.T., 2018, The effects of snow and salt on ice table stability in University Valley, Antarctica: Antarctic Science, v. 30, no. 1, p. 67-78, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102017000402.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-086125","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7430506","text":"External Repository"},{"id":346627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, University Valley","volume":"30","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e5c518e4b05fe04cd1c9c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Kaj E. 0000-0003-1755-1872 kewilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-1872","contributorId":196988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Kaj","email":"kewilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heldmann, Jennifer L.","contributorId":197096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heldmann","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P.","contributorId":197097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191455,"text":"70191455 - 2018 - Meteorological and environmental variables affect flight behaviour and decision-making of an obligate soaring bird, the California Condor Gymnogyps californianus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T13:35:23","indexId":"70191455","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Meteorological and environmental variables affect flight behaviour and decision-making of an obligate soaring bird, the California Condor Gymnogyps californianus","title":"Meteorological and environmental variables affect flight behaviour and decision-making of an obligate soaring bird, the California Condor Gymnogyps californianus","docAbstract":"The movements of animals are limited by evolutionary constraints and ecological processes and are strongly influenced by the medium through which they travel. For flying animals, variation in atmospheric conditions is critically influential in movement. Obligate soaring birds depend on external sources of updraft more than do other flying species, as without that updraft they are unable to sustain flight for extended periods. These species are therefore good models for understanding how the environment can influence decisions about movement. We used meteorological and topographic variables to understand the environmental influences on the decision to engage in flight by obligate soaring and critically endangered California Condors Gymnogyps californianus. Condors were more likely to fly, soared at higher altitudes and flew over smoother terrain when weather conditions promoted either thermal or orographic updrafts, for example when turbulence and solar radiation were higher and when winds from the east and north were stronger. However, increased atmospheric stability, which is inconsistent with thermal development but may be associated with orographic updrafts, was correlated with a somewhat higher probability of being in flight at lower altitudes and over rougher terrain. The close and previously undescribed linkages between Condor flight and conditions that support development of thermal and orographic updrafts provide important insight into the behaviour of obligate soaring birds and into the environmental parameters that may define the currently expanding distribution of Condors within and outside the state of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12531","usgsCitation":"Poessel, S.A., Brandt, J., Miller, T.A., and Katzner, T., 2018, Meteorological and environmental variables affect flight behaviour and decision-making of an obligate soaring bird, the California Condor Gymnogyps californianus: Ibis, v. 160, no. 1, p. 36-53, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12531.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-082014","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 36.958671131530316\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 36.958671131530316\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 34.15272698011818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"160","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e5c51be4b05fe04cd1c9cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poessel, Sharon A. 0000-0002-0283-627X spoessel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-627X","contributorId":168465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poessel","given":"Sharon","email":"spoessel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Joseph","contributorId":127742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":7133,"text":"California Condor Recovery Program, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Ventura, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Tricia A.","contributorId":190591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Tricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216872,"text":"70216872 - 2018 - A sequential selective dissolution method to quantify storage and stability of organic carbon associated with Al and Fe hydroxide phases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T18:07:49.187269","indexId":"70216872","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-13T11:49:45","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sequential selective dissolution method to quantify storage and stability of organic carbon associated with Al and Fe hydroxide phases","docAbstract":"Stabilization of SOM (soil organic matter) is regulated in part by sorption and desorption reactions happening at mineral surfaces, as well as precipitation and dissolution of organo-metal complexes. Fe and Al hydroxides play a particularly significant role in SOM stabilization in soils due to their ubiquitous distribution and their highly reactive surface properties. Iron and Al hydroxides exist in soils across a wide spectrum of crystallinity, ranging from dissolved Fe and Al cations which combine with organics to form organo-metal precipitates to the more crystalline end members, goethite and gibbsite, which sorb SOM through a variety of molecular interactions. Though the importance of these sorption and precipitation reactions has long been recognized, the distribution of SOM among Fe and Al hydroxides of differing crystallinity has not been well quantified, nor has the timescale over which these stabilization mechanisms operate. In an attempt to measure the distribution of organic C among (i) Al- and Fe-humus complexes (ii) short-range-order (SRO) Al and Fe hydroxide surfaces and (iii) crystalline Fe oxyhydroxide surfaces, a single method combining several selective mineral dissolutions was applied to soils of four different geneses (a tropical forest Andisol, a temperate forest basaltic Mollisol, a Mediterranean coastal prairie Mollisol, and a northern mixed hardwood forest Spodosol). The traditional reactants used in selective dissolutions were replaced with carbon-free analogues so that the carbon released along with the Fe and Al at each stage of the selective dissolution process could be measured. Selective dissolutions were performed sequentially: Na-pyrophosphate (organo-Al and Fe complexes) followed by hydroxylamine (SRO Al and Fe hydroxides) followed by dithionite-HCl (crystalline Fe hydroxides). Carbon, Al, and Fe concentrations, as well as radiocarbon abundance were measured in the solutions yielded by each stage of the selective dissolution process. Results suggest that precipitation of organo-metal complexes (Na-pyrophosphate extractable C) often accounts for the largest pool of stabilized C among the three selectively dissolved pools, but these complexes were 14C enriched in comparison to C from the other selectively dissolved pools and the residual C left on crystalline mineral surfaces after all three stages of selective dissolution. Hydroxylamine and dithionite-HCl extractable C pools were, on average, small and often below detection level in temperate soils. However, radiocarbon values for these C pools were generally depleted in comparison to other pools. These results suggest variation in organo-mineral complex stability is associated with degree of crystallinity of the mineral phase. Overall, this work suggests that sequential selective dissolution methods are a promising tool for characterizing the content and isotopic composition of soil C associated with distinct organo-mineral and organo-metal associations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.09.043","usgsCitation":"Heckman, K., Lawrence, C., and Harden, J.W., 2018, A sequential selective dissolution method to quantify storage and stability of organic carbon associated with Al and Fe hydroxide phases: Geoderma, v. 312, p. 24-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.09.043.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-086071","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.09.043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UGPZ0R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A sequential selective dissolution method to quantify storage and stability of organic carbon associated with Al and Fe hydroxide phases\r\n"},{"id":381203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heckman, Katherine","contributorId":245634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heckman","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Corey R. 0000-0001-6143-7781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-7781","contributorId":245635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Corey R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191342,"text":"70191342 - 2018 - Variation in fish mercury concentrations in streams of the Adirondack region, New York: A simplified screening approach using chemical metrics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T15:51:07","indexId":"70191342","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in fish mercury concentrations in streams of the Adirondack region, New York: A simplified screening approach using chemical metrics","docAbstract":"Simple screening approaches for the neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic ecosystems may be helpful in risk assessments of natural resources. We explored the development of such an approach in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA, a region with high levels of MeHg bioaccumulation. Thirty-six perennial streams broadly representative of 1st and 2nd order streams in the region were sampled during summer low flow and analyzed for several solutes and for Hg concentrations in fish. Several landscape and chemical metrics that are typically strongly related to MeHg concentrations in aquatic biota were explored for strength of association with fish Hg concentrations. Data analyses were based on site mean length-normalized and standardized Hg concentrations (assumed to be dominantly MeHg) in whole juvenile and adult Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus, Blacknose Dace Rhinichthys atratulus, and Central Mudminnow Umbra limi, as well as on multi-species z-scores. Surprisingly, none of the landscape metrics was related significantly to regional variation in fish Hg concentrations or to z-scores across the study streams. In contrast, several chemical metrics including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, sulfate concentrations (SO42−), pH, ultra-violet absorbance (UV254), and specific ultra-violet absorbance were significantly related to regional variation in fish Hg concentrations. A cluster analysis based on DOC, SO42−, and pH identified three distinct groups of streams: (1) high DOC, acidic streams, (2) moderate DOC, slightly acidic streams, and (3) low DOC circum-neutral streams with relatively high SO42−. Preliminary analysis indicated no significant difference in fish Hg z-scores between the moderate and high DOC groups, so these were combined for further analysis. The resulting two groups showed strong differences (p < 0.001) in DOC and SO42−concentrations as well as in pH and UV254 values. Median fish z-scores were significantly higher (p = 0.002) in the group of streams with higher DOC and UV254 and lower pH and SO42−. Screening values of DOC >6.9 mg/L, SO42− <2.8 mg/L, pH <6.6, and UV254>0.31 cm−1 were tested as thresholds to identify Adirondack stream sites likely to have higher fish Hg concentrations. By applying a combined threshold of exceedance for either pH or UV254, sites with fish Hg concentrations that exceeded a wildlife guideline of 100 ng/g were correctly identified about 75% of the time among the 36 study streams. An estimate of Hg risk applied to a data set of 391 streams based on DOC concentrations showed that about 28% were likely to pose high risk to wildlife; most of these streams were located in the western Adirondacks.
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sboyte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":139238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen","email":"sboyte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Danny 0000-0002-7563-7538 danny.howard.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-7538","contributorId":176973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Danny","email":"danny.howard.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":711761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249 ddahal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":5622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","email":"ddahal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilmanov, Tagir G.","contributorId":146124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"Tagir","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191810,"text":"70191810 - 2018 - 2.3. Global-scale atmospheric dispersion of microorganisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T13:38:26","indexId":"70191810","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"2.3. Global-scale atmospheric dispersion of microorganisms","docAbstract":"This chapter addresses long-range dispersion and the survival of microorganisms across a wide range of altitudes in Earth's atmosphere. Topics include mechanisms of dispersion, survivability of microorganisms known to be associated with long-range transport, natural and artificial sources of bioaerosols, residence time estimation through the use of proxy aerosols, transport and emission models, and monitoring assays (both culture and molecular based). We conclude with a discussion of the known limits for Earth's biosphere boundary, relating aerobiology studies to planetary exploration given the large degree of overlapping requirements for in situ studies (including low biomass life detection and contamination control).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbiology of aerosols","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781119132318.ch2c","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., Gonzalez-Martin, C., Hoose, C., and Smith, D., 2018, 2.3. Global-scale atmospheric dispersion of microorganisms, chap. of Microbiology of aerosols, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119132318.ch2c.","ipdsId":"IP-074805","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad8e4b06e28e9c227db","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Delort, Anne-Marie","contributorId":201091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delort","given":"Anne-Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724307,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amato, Pierre","contributorId":201092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amato","given":"Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724308,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez-Martin, Cristina","contributorId":30084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Martin","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoose, C.","contributorId":201090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoose","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D.J.","contributorId":48417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191510,"text":"70191510 - 2018 - Wildlife and environmental pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-16T14:40:53","indexId":"70191510","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Wildlife and environmental pollution","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animals and human society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","isbn":"9780128052471","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., 2018, Wildlife and environmental pollution, chap. of Animals and human society, p. 472-477.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"477","ipdsId":"IP-074706","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346616,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/animals-and-human-society/scanes/978-0-12-805247-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e5c516e4b05fe04cd1c9be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193052,"text":"70193052 - 2018 - International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC6), Reno USA, special issue on new limnogeological research focused on pre-Holocene lake systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-10T19:39:17","indexId":"70193052","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC6), Reno USA, special issue on new limnogeological research focused on pre-Holocene lake systems","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Coseismic frictional melting and the production of quenched glass called pseudotachylyte is a recurring process during earthquakes. To investigate how glassy materials affect the postseismic strength and stability of faults, obsidian gouges were sheared under dry and wet conditions from 200°C to 300°C at ~150 MPa effective normal stress. Dry glass exhibited a brittle rheology at all conditions tested, exhibiting friction values and microstructures consistent with siliciclastic materials. Likewise, wet glass at 200°C exhibited a brittle rheology. In contrast, wet gouges at 300°C transitioned from brittle sliding to linear‐viscous (Newtonian) flow at strain rates <3 × 10−4 s−1, indicating melt‐like behavior. The viscosity ranged from 2 × 1011 to 7.8 × 1011 Pa‐s. Microstructures show that viscous gouges were fully welded with rod‐shaped microlites rotated into the flow direction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy along with electron backscatter imaging demonstrate that hydration of the glass by diffusion of pore water was the dominant process reducing the viscosity and promoting viscous flow. As much as 5 wt % water diffused into the glass. These results may provide insight into postseismic‐slip behaviors and challenge some interpretations of fault kinematics based on studies assuming that pseudotachylyte formation and flow is solely coseismic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL075344","usgsCitation":"Proctor, B., Lockner, D.A., Lowenstern, J.B., and Beeler, N.M., 2018, Conversion of wet glass to melt at lower seismogenic zone conditions: Implications for pseudotachylyte creep: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 20, p. 10248-10255, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075344.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10248","endPage":"10255","ipdsId":"IP-088516","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075344","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee76fe4b0da30c1bfc29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Proctor, Brooks P. 0000-0002-4878-8728 bproctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-8728","contributorId":178527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proctor","given":"Brooks P.","email":"bproctor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":732085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202423,"text":"70202423 - 2018 - States and rates: Complementary approaches to developing flow‐ecology relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-28T09:34:54","indexId":"70202423","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-28T09:26:50","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"States and rates: Complementary approaches to developing flow‐ecology relationships","docAbstract":"Wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens have increased in importance; however, management of a large number of diseases and diversity of hosts is prohibitively expensive. Thus, the determination of priority wildlife pathogens and risk factors for disease emergence is warranted. We used an online questionnaire survey to assess release and exposure risks, and consequences of wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens in the Republic of Korea (ROK). We also surveyed opinions on pathways for disease exposure, and risk factors for disease emergence and spread. For the assessment of risk, we employed a two-tiered, statistical K-means clustering algorithm to group diseases into three levels (high, medium and low) of perceived risk based on release and exposure risks, societal consequences and the level of uncertainty of the experts’ opinions. To examine the experts’ perceived risk of routes of introduction of pathogens and disease amplification and spread, we used a Bayesian, multivariate normal order-statistics model. Six diseases or pathogens, including four livestock and two wildlife diseases, were identified as having high risk with low uncertainty. Similarly, 13 diseases were characterized as having high risk with medium uncertainty with three of these attributed to livestock, six associated with human disease, and the remainder having the potential to affect human, livestock and wildlife (i.e., One Health). Lastly, four diseases were described as high risk with high certainty, and were associated solely with fish diseases. Experts identified migration of wildlife, international human movement and illegal importation of wildlife as the three routes posing the greatest risk of pathogen introduction into ROK. Proximity of humans, livestock and wildlife was the most significant risk factor for promoting the spread of wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens, followed by high density of livestock populations, habitat loss and environmental degradation, and climate change. This study provides useful information to decision makers responsible for allocating resources to address disease risks. This approach provided a rapid, cost-effective method of risk assessment of wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens for which the published literature is sparse.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/tbed.12705","usgsCitation":"Hwang, J., Lee, K., Walsh, D.P., Kim, S., Sleeman, J.M., and Lee, H., 2018, Semi-quantitative assessment of disease risks at the human, livestock, wildlife interface for the Republic of Korea using a nationwide survey of experts: A model for other countries: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, v. 65, no. 1, p. e155-e164, https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12705.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"e155","endPage":"e164","ipdsId":"IP-084895","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Republic of Korea","volume":"65","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ce0a27e4b05fe04cc020fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hwang, Jusun","contributorId":175221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Jusun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27539,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Kyunglee","contributorId":175223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Kyunglee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27540,"text":"Cetacean Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, Daniel P. 0000-0002-7772-2445 dwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":4758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"dwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, SangWha","contributorId":196739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"SangWha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Hang","contributorId":191778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Hang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191177,"text":"70191177 - 2018 - Evaluation of bias associated with capture maps derived from nonlinear groundwater flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T15:52:18.355099","indexId":"70191177","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of bias associated with capture maps derived from nonlinear groundwater flow models","docAbstract":"The impact of groundwater withdrawal on surface water is a concern of water users and water managers, particularly in the arid western United States. Capture maps are useful tools to spatially assess the impact of groundwater pumping on water sources (e.g., streamflow depletion) and are being used more frequently for conjunctive management of surface water and groundwater. Capture maps have been derived using linear groundwater flow models and rely on the principle of superposition to demonstrate the effects of pumping in various locations on resources of interest. However, nonlinear models are often necessary to simulate head-dependent boundary conditions and unconfined aquifers. Capture maps developed using nonlinear models with the principle of superposition may over- or underestimate capture magnitude and spatial extent. This paper presents new methods for generating capture difference maps, which assess spatial effects of model nonlinearity on capture fraction sensitivity to pumping rate, and for calculating the bias associated with capture maps. The sensitivity of capture map bias to selected parameters related to model design and conceptualization for the arid western United States is explored. This study finds that the simulation of stream continuity, pumping rates, stream incision, well proximity to capture sources, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and groundwater evapotranspiration extinction depth substantially affect capture map bias. Capture difference maps demonstrate that regions with large capture fraction differences are indicative of greater potential capture map bias. Understanding both spatial and temporal bias in capture maps derived from nonlinear groundwater flow models improves their utility and defensibility as conjunctive-use management tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12597","usgsCitation":"Nadler, C.A., Allander, K.K., Pohll, G., Morway, E.D., Naranjo, R.C., and Huntington, J., 2018, Evaluation of bias associated with capture maps derived from nonlinear groundwater flow models: Groundwater, v. 56, no. 3, p. 458-469, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12597.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"469","ipdsId":"IP-083048","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381594,"rank":2,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70191177/70191177.pdf","text":"USGS open-access version of article","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ce0a23e4b05fe04cc020e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadler, Cara A. 0000-0002-8711-7249 cnadler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-7249","contributorId":196757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadler","given":"Cara","email":"cnadler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohll, Greg","contributorId":196758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pohll","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naranjo, Ramon C. 0000-0003-4469-6831 rnaranjo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-6831","contributorId":3391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naranjo","given":"Ramon","email":"rnaranjo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huntington, Justin 0000-0002-2699-0108","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-0108","contributorId":178785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntington","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191120,"text":"70191120 - 2018 - Soil base saturation combines with Beech Bark Disease to influence composition and structure of Sugar Maple-Beech forests in an acid rain-impacted region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T16:21:37","indexId":"70191120","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil base saturation combines with Beech Bark Disease to influence composition and structure of Sugar Maple-Beech forests in an acid rain-impacted region","docAbstract":"Sugar maple, an abundant and highly valued tree species in eastern North America, has experienced decline from soil calcium (Ca) depletion by acidic deposition, while beech, which often coexists with sugar maple, has been afflicted with beech bark disease (BBD) over the same period. To investigate how variations in soil base saturation combine with effects of BBD in influencing stand composition and structure, measurements of soils, canopy, subcanopy, and seedlings were taken in 21 watersheds in the Adirondack region of NY (USA), where sugar maple and beech were the predominant canopy species and base saturation of the upper B horizon ranged from 4.4 to 67%. The base saturation value corresponding to the threshold for Al mobilization (16.8%) helped to define the species composition of canopy trees and seedlings. Canopy vigor and diameter at breast height (DBH) were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with base saturation for sugar maple, but unrelated for beech. However, beech occupied lower canopy positions than sugar maple, and as base saturation increased, the average canopy position of beech decreased relative to sugar maple (P < 0.10). In low-base saturation soils, soil-Ca depletion and BBD may have created opportunities for gap-exploiting species such as red maple and black cherry, whereas in high-base saturation soils, sugar maple dominated the canopy. Where soils were beginning to recover from acidic deposition effects, sugar maple DBH and basal area increased progressively from 2000 to 2015, whereas for beech, average DBH did not change and basal area did not increase after 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-017-0186-0","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., McDonnell, T.C., Sullivan, T.J., Dovciak, M., Bailey, S.W., Antidormi, M.R., and Zarfos, M.R., 2018, Soil base saturation combines with Beech Bark Disease to influence composition and structure of Sugar Maple-Beech forests in an acid rain-impacted region: Ecosystems, v. 21, no. 4, p. 795-810, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0186-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"810","ipdsId":"IP-081770","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","volume":"21","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ccb8a4e4b017cf314383d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Todd C. 0000-0002-5231-105X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5231-105X","contributorId":196721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":77812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dovciak, Martin","contributorId":196723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dovciak","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, Scott W. 0000-0002-9160-156X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X","contributorId":178217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Antidormi, Michael R. 0000-0002-3967-1173 mantidormi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-1173","contributorId":150722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antidormi","given":"Michael","email":"mantidormi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zarfos, Michael R. 0000-0002-2902-4773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-4773","contributorId":196724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarfos","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190984,"text":"70190984 - 2018 - Extensive shared polymorphism at non-MHC immune genes in recently diverged North American prairie grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T11:17:40","indexId":"70190984","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1974,"text":"Immunogenetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extensive shared polymorphism at non-MHC immune genes in recently diverged North American prairie grouse","docAbstract":"Gene polymorphisms shared between recently diverged species are thought to be widespread and most commonly reflect introgression from hybridization or retention of ancestral polymorphism through incomplete lineage sorting. Shared genetic diversity resulting from incomplete lineage sorting is usually maintained for a relatively short period of time, but under strong balancing selection it may persist for millions of years beyond species divergence (balanced trans-species polymorphism), as in the case of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. However, balancing selection is much less likely to act on non-MHC immune genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of shared polymorphism and selection at non-MHC immune genes in five grouse species from Centrocercus and Tympanuchus genera. For this purpose, we genotyped five non-MHC immune genes that do not interact directly with pathogens, but are involved in signaling and regulate immune cell growth. In contrast to previous studies with MHC, we found no evidence for balancing selection or balanced trans-species polymorphism among the non-MHC immune genes. No haplotypes were shared between genera and in most cases more similar allelic variants sorted by genus. Between species within genera, however, we found extensive shared polymorphism, which was most likely attributable to introgression or incomplete lineage sorting following recent divergence and large ancestral effective population size (i.e., weak genetic drift). Our study suggests that North American prairie grouse may have attained relatively low degree of reciprocal monophyly at nuclear loci and reinforces the rarity of balancing selection in non-MHC immune genes.
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A.","contributorId":196578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunn, Peter O.","contributorId":168778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of 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tools and protocols as currently used for weed risk assessment or for predicting the potential distribution of invasive weeds. We used six weed species (three highly invasive and three less invasive non-indigenous species) that have been established in the U.S. for more than 75 years. The experiment involved providing non-U. S. location data to users familiar with one of the four evaluated techniques, who then developed predictive models that were applied to the United States without knowing the identity of the species or its U.S. distribution. We compared a simple GIS climate matching technique known as Proto3, a simple climate matching tool CLIMEX Match Climates, the correlative model MaxEnt, and a process model known as the Thornley Transport Resistance (TTR) model. Two experienced users ran each modeling tool except TTR, which had one user. Models were trained with global species distribution data excluding any U.S. data, and then were evaluated using the current known U.S. distribution. The influence of weed species identity and modeling tool on prevalence and sensitivity effects was compared using a generalized linear mixed model. Each modeling tool itself had a low statistical significance, while weed species alone accounted for 69.1 and 48.5% of the variance for prevalence and sensitivity, respectively. These results suggest that simple modeling tools might perform as well as complex ones in the case of predicting potential distribution for a weed not yet present in the United States. Considerations of model accuracy should also be balanced with those of reproducibility and ease of use. More important than the choice of modeling tool is the construction of robust protocols and testing both new and experienced users under blind test conditions that approximate operational conditions.
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Gericke","contributorId":197522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Gericke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kartesz, John","contributorId":197523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kartesz","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Koop, Anthony","contributorId":197524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koop","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70190745,"text":"70190745 - 2018 - Improving predictions of tropical forest response to climate change through integration of field studies and ecosystem modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T15:44:26","indexId":"70190745","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving predictions of tropical forest response to climate change through integration of field studies and ecosystem modeling","docAbstract":"Tropical forests play a critical role in carbon and water cycles at a global scale. Rapid climate change is anticipated in tropical regions over the coming decades and, under a warmer and drier climate, tropical forests are likely to be net sources of carbon rather than sinks. However, our understanding of tropical forest response and feedback to climate change is very limited. Efforts to model climate change impacts on carbon fluxes in tropical forests have not reached a consensus. Here we use the Ecosystem Demography model (ED2) to predict carbon fluxes of a Puerto Rican tropical forest under realistic climate change scenarios. We parameterized ED2 with species-specific tree physiological data using the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer workflow and projected the fate of this ecosystem under five future climate scenarios. The model successfully captured inter-annual variability in the dynamics of this tropical forest. Model predictions closely followed observed values across a wide range of metrics including above-ground biomass, tree diameter growth, tree size class distributions, and leaf area index. Under a future warming and drying climate scenario, the model predicted reductions in carbon storage and tree growth, together with large shifts in forest community composition and structure. Such rapid changes in climate led the forest to transition from a sink to a source of carbon. Growth respiration and root allocation parameters were responsible for the highest fraction of predictive uncertainty in modeled biomass, highlighting the need to target these processes in future data collection. Our study is the first effort to rely on Bayesian model calibration and synthesis to elucidate the key physiological parameters that drive uncertainty in tropical forests responses to climatic change. We propose a new path forward for model-data synthesis that can substantially reduce uncertainty in our ability to model tropical forest responses to future climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13863","usgsCitation":"Feng, X., Uriarte, M., Gonzalez, G., Reed, S.C., Thompson, J., Zimmerman, J.K., and Murphy, L., 2018, Improving predictions of tropical forest response to climate change through integration of field studies and ecosystem modeling: Global Change Biology, v. 24, no. 1, p. e213-e232, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13863.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"e213","endPage":"e232","ipdsId":"IP-086186","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13863","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ba43b6e4b091459a5629a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Xiaohui","contributorId":196416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Xiaohui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uriarte, Maria","contributorId":196417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uriarte","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Grizelle","contributorId":191117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Grizelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Jill","contributorId":201454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zimmerman, Jess K.","contributorId":196419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Jess","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murphy, Lora","contributorId":196420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Lora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190749,"text":"70190749 - 2018 - Maximizing establishment and survivorship of field-collected and greenhouse-cultivated biocrusts in a semi-cold desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-23T13:10:39","indexId":"70190749","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximizing establishment and survivorship of field-collected and greenhouse-cultivated biocrusts in a semi-cold desert","docAbstract":"Aims
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are soil-surface communities in drylands, dominated by cyanobacteria, mosses, and lichens. They provide key ecosystem functions by increasing soil stability and influencing soil hydrologic, nutrient, and carbon cycles. Because of this, methods to reestablish biocrusts in damaged drylands are needed. Here we test the reintroduction of field-collected vs. greenhouse-cultured biocrusts for rehabilitation.
Methods
We collected biocrusts for 1) direct reapplication, and 2) artificial cultivation under varying hydration regimes. We added field-collected and cultivated biocrusts (with and without hardening treatments) to bare field plots and monitored establishment.
Results
Both field-collected and cultivated cyanobacteria increased cover dramatically during the experimental period. Cultivated biocrusts established more rapidly than field-collected biocrusts, attaining ~82% cover in only one year, but addition of field-collected biocrusts led to higher species richness, biomass (as assessed by chlorophyll a) and level of development. Mosses and lichens did not establish well in either case, but late successional cover was affected by hardening and culture conditions.
Conclusions
This study provides further evidence that it is possible to culture biocrust components from later successional materials and reestablish cultured organisms in the field. However, more research is needed into effective reclamation techniques.
On 16 September 2015, a red tide (Karenia brevis) bloom impacted coastal areas of Padre Island National Seashore Park. Two days later and about 0.9 km inland, 30–40 adult green tree frogs (Hyla cinerea) were found dead after displaying tremors, weakness, labored breathing, and other signs of neurologic impairment. A rainstorm, accompanied by high winds, rough surf, and high tides, which could have aerosolized brevetoxin, occurred on the morning of the mortality event. Frog carcasses were healthy but contained significant brevetoxin in tissues. Tissue brevetoxin was also found in two dead or dying spotted ground squirrels (Xerospermophilus spilosoma) and a coyote (Canis latrans). Rainwater collected from the location of the mortality event contained brevetoxin. Mortality of green tree frog and ground squirrel mortality has not been previously attributed to brevetoxin exposure and such mortality suggested that inland toxin transport, possibly through aerosols, rainfall, or insects, may have important implications for coastal species.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clapp, Travis","contributorId":196330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clapp","given":"Travis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindsay, James","contributorId":34993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zimba, Paul V.","contributorId":196331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimba","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70190548,"text":"70190548 - 2018 - Fine-scale habitat preference of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) within three spawning locations in the Sacramento River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-27T16:53:57","indexId":"70190548","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fine-scale habitat preference of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) within three spawning locations in the Sacramento River, California","title":"Fine-scale habitat preference of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) within three spawning locations in the Sacramento River, California","docAbstract":"Vast sections of the Sacramento River have been listed as critical habitat by the National Marine Fisheries Service for green sturgeon spawning (Acipenser medirostris), yet spawning is known to occur at only a few specific locations. This study reveals the range of physical habitat variables selected by adult green sturgeon during their spawning period. We integrated fine-scale fish positions, physical habitat characteristics, discharge, bathymetry, and simulated velocity and depth using a 2-dimensional hydraulic model (FaSTMECH). The objective was to create habitat suitability curves for depth, velocity, and substrate type within three known spawning locations over two years. An overall cumulative habitat suitability score was calculated that averaged the depth, velocity, and substrate scores over all fish, sites, and years. A weighted usable area (WUA) index was calculated throughout the sampling periods for each of the three sites. Cumulative results indicate that the microhabitat characteristics most preferred by green sturgeon in these three spawning locations were velocities between 1.0-1.1 m/s, depths of 8-9 m, and gravel and sand substrate. This study provides guidance for those who may in the future want to increase spawning habitat for green sturgeon within the Sacramento River.","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0072","usgsCitation":"Wyman, M.T., Thomas, M.J., McDonald, R.R., Hearn, A.R., Batt, R.D., Chapman, E.D., Kinzel, P.J., Minear, J.T., Mora, E.A., Nelson, J.M., Pagel, M.D., and Klimley, A.P., 2018, Fine-scale habitat preference of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) within three spawning locations in the Sacramento River, California: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 75, no. 5, p. 779-791, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0072.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"791","ipdsId":"IP-080132","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/69177","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.24899291992188,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -122.08694458007812,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -122.08694458007812,\n 40.35282369083777\n ],\n [\n -122.24899291992188,\n 40.35282369083777\n ],\n [\n -122.24899291992188,\n 40.027614437486655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b1092de4b020cdf7d8d9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyman, Megan T.","contributorId":196239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyman","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Michael J.","contributorId":196240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hearn, Alexander R.","contributorId":196241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hearn","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batt, Ryan D.","contributorId":196242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batt","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapman, Eric D.","contributorId":34377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Minear, J. Tobey","contributorId":196246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minear","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Tobey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mora, Ethan A.","contributorId":196244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mora","given":"Ethan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pagel, Matthew D.","contributorId":196247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pagel","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Klimley, A. Peter","contributorId":196245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimley","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70190523,"text":"70190523 - 2018 - Long-term trends in restoration and associated land treatments in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:49:29","indexId":"70190523","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term trends in restoration and associated land treatments in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Restoration treatments, such as revegetation with seeding or invasive species removal, have been applied on U.S. public lands for decades. Temporal trends in these management actions have not been extensively summarized previously, particularly in the southwestern United States where invasive plant species, drought, and fire have altered dryland ecosystems. We assessed long-term (1940–2010) trends in restoration using approximately 4,000 vegetation treatments conducted on Bureau of Land Management lands across the southwestern United States. We found that since 1940, the proportions of seeding and vegetation/soil manipulation (e.g. vegetation removal or plowing) treatments have declined, while the proportions of prescribed burn and invasive species treatments have increased. Treatments in pinyon-juniper and big sagebrush communities declined in comparison to treatments in desert scrub, creosote bush, and riparian woodland communities. Restoration-focused treatment objectives increased relative to resource extraction objectives. Species richness and proportion of native species used in seeding treatments also increased. Inflation-adjusted costs per area rose 750% for vegetation/soil manipulation, 600% for seeding, and 400% for prescribed burn treatments in the decades from 1981 to 2010. Seeding treatments were implemented in warmer and drier years when compared to the climate conditions of the entire study period and warmer and wetter years relative to several years before and after the treatment. These results suggest that treatments over a 70-year period on public lands in the southwestern United States are shifting toward restoration practices that are increasingly large, expensive, and related to fire and invasive species control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12574","usgsCitation":"Copeland, S., Munson, S.M., Pilliod, D., Welty, J., Bradford, J.B., and Butterfield, B.J., 2018, Long-term trends in restoration and associated land treatments in the southwestern United States: Restoration Ecology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 311-322, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12574.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"322","ipdsId":"IP-083606","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -100.6787109375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -100.6787109375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10930e4b020cdf7d8d9c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Copeland, Stella M.","contributorId":196218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Copeland","given":"Stella M.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":196219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welty, Justin L. 0000-0001-7829-7324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-7324","contributorId":196220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welty","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190510,"text":"70190510 - 2018 - Climate variability and vadose zone controls on damping of transient recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T09:55:21","indexId":"70190510","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate variability and vadose zone controls on damping of transient recharge","docAbstract":"Increasing demand on groundwater resources motivates understanding of the controls on recharge dynamics so model predictions under current and future climate may improve. Here we address questions about the nonlinear behavior of flux variability in the vadose zone that may explain previously reported teleconnections between global-scale climate variability and fluctuations in groundwater levels. We use hundreds of HYDRUS-1D simulations in a sensitivity analysis approach to evaluate the damping depth of transient recharge over a range of periodic boundary conditions and vadose zone geometries and hydraulic parameters that are representative of aquifer systems of the conterminous United States (U.S). Although the models were parameterized based on U.S. aquifers, findings from this study are applicable elsewhere that have mean recharge rates between 3.65 and 730 mm yr–1. We find that mean infiltration flux, period of time varying infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity are statistically significant predictors of damping depth. The resulting framework explains why some periodic infiltration fluxes associated with climate variability dampen with depth in the vadose zone, resulting in steady-state recharge, while other periodic surface fluxes do not dampen with depth, resulting in transient recharge. We find that transient recharge in response to the climate variability patterns could be detected at the depths of water levels in most U.S. aquifers. Our findings indicate that the damping behavior of transient infiltration fluxes is linear across soil layers for a range of texture combinations. The implications are that relatively simple, homogeneous models of the vadose zone may provide reasonable estimates of the damping depth of climate-varying transient recharge in some complex, layered vadose zone profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.028","usgsCitation":"Corona, C.R., Gurdak, J.J., Dickinson, J.E., Ferre, T., and Maurer, E.P., 2018, Climate variability and vadose zone controls on damping of transient recharge: Journal of Hydrology, v. 561, p. 1094-1104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1104","ipdsId":"IP-087076","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"561","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb79ae4b0e9bde1351123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corona, Claudia R.","contributorId":196165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corona","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":196166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferre, T.P.A.","contributorId":196167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"T.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maurer, Edwin P.","contributorId":196168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurer","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190480,"text":"70190480 - 2018 - A detailed risk assessment of shale gas development on headwater streams in the Pennsylvania portion of the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T10:07:51","indexId":"70190480","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A detailed risk assessment of shale gas development on headwater streams in the Pennsylvania portion of the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The development of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) involves infrastructure development (well pads, roads and pipelines), well drilling and stimulation (hydraulic fracturing), and production; all of which have the potential to affect stream ecosystems. Here, we developed a fine-scaled (1:24,000) catchment-level disturbance intensity index (DII) that included 17 measures of UOG capturing all steps in the development process (infrastructure, water withdrawals, probabilistic spills) that could affect headwater streams (< 200 km2 in upstream catchment) in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The DII ranged from 0 (no UOG disturbance) to 100 (the catchment with the highest UOG disturbance in the study area) and it was most sensitive to removal of pipeline cover, road cover and well pad cover metrics. We related this DII to three measures of high quality streams: Pennsylvania State Exceptional Value (EV) streams, Class A brook trout streams and Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture brook trout patches. Overall only 3.8% of all catchments and 2.7% of EV stream length, 1.9% of Class A streams and 1.2% of patches were classified as having medium to high level DII scores (> 50). Well density, often used as a proxy for development, only correlated strongly with well pad coverage and produced materials, and therefore may miss potential effects associated with roads and pipelines, water withdrawals and spills. When analyzed with a future development scenario, 91.1% of EV stream length, 68.7% of Class A streams and 80.0% of patches were in catchments with a moderate to high probability of development. Our method incorporated the cumulative effects of UOG on streams and can be used to identify catchments and reaches at risk to existing stressors or future development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.247","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K.O., Young, J.A., Faulkner, S., Hailegiorgis, A., Slonecker, E., and Milheim, L., 2018, A detailed risk assessment of shale gas development on headwater streams in the Pennsylvania portion of the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, U.S.A.: Science of the Total Environment, v. 610-611, p. 154-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.247.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-087579","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.247","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z036NF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Shale gas data used in development of the Disturbance Intensity Index for the Pennsylvania portion of the Upper Susquehanna River basin in Maloney et al. 2018."},{"id":345411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Upper Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.046630859375,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -75.047607421875,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -75.047607421875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -79.046630859375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -79.046630859375,\n 40.53050177574321\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"610-611","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59aa71d8e4b0e9bde130cfe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":146152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hailegiorgis, Atesmachew","contributorId":196129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hailegiorgis","given":"Atesmachew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slonecker, E. 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However, to date, there has been limited work done in Alaska to assess if changes in slope stability are occurring. To address this issue, we used 30-m Landsat imagery acquired from 1984 to 2016 to establish an inventory of 24 rock avalanches in a 5000-km2 area of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in southeast Alaska. A search of available earthquake catalogs revealed that none of the avalanches were triggered by earthquakes. Analyses of rock-avalanche magnitude, mobility, and frequency reveal a cluster of large (areas ranging from 5.5 to 22.2 km2), highly mobile (height/length < 0.3) rock avalanches that occurred from June 2012 through June 2016 (near the end of the 33-year period of record). These rock avalanches began about 2 years after the long-term trend in mean annual maximum air temperature may have exceeded 0 °C. Possibly more important, most of these rock avalanches occurred during a multiple-year period of record-breaking warm winter and spring air temperatures. These observations suggested to us that rock avalanches in the study area may be becoming larger because of rock-permafrost degradation. However, other factors, such as accumulating elastic strain, glacial thinning, and increased precipitation, may also play an important role in preconditioning slopes for failure during periods of warm temperatures.
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