The 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens produced a mosaic of primary landscape disturbances that decreased in intensity with distance from the volcano across the headwaters of Muddy River and its tributaries. Subsequent geomorphic responses were influenced by evolving hillslope and channel conditions that affected fluxes of water, sediment, and wood, as well as by an exceptional storm in February 1996. Sediment fluxes have generally decreased, but downed wood in channels remains episodically mobile. Geomorphic change and biotic activity in the basin continue to interact in terrestrial, riparian, and aquatic ecosystems and in many cases diversify ecosystem conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 eruption","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7451-1_3","usgsCitation":"Lisle, T.E., Major, J.J., and Hardison, J.H., 2018, Geomorphic response of the Muddy River Basin to the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, 1980–2000, chap. of Ecological responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 eruption, p. 45-70, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7451-1_3.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"70","ipdsId":"IP-053962","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Muddy River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1954345703125,\n 46.074659663982324\n ],\n [\n -121.95785522460936,\n 46.074659663982324\n ],\n [\n -121.95785522460936,\n 46.18125668339498\n ],\n [\n -122.1954345703125,\n 46.18125668339498\n ],\n [\n -122.1954345703125,\n 46.074659663982324\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, Thomas E.","contributorId":124570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lisle","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardison, J. H. III","contributorId":49543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardison","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70254967,"text":"70254967 - 2018 - Hydrologic regime changes in a high-latitude glacierized watershed under future climate conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T13:31:03.727537","indexId":"70254967","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-30T08:23:57","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic regime changes in a high-latitude glacierized watershed under future climate conditions","docAbstract":"A calibrated conceptual glacio-hydrological monthly water balance model (MWBMglacier) was used to evaluate future changes in water partitioning in a high-latitude glacierized watershed in Southcentral Alaska under future climate conditions. The MWBMglacier was previously calibrated and evaluated against streamflow measurements, literature values of glacier mass balance change, and satellite-based observations of snow covered area, evapotranspiration, and total water storage. Output from five global climate models representing two future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) was used with the previously calibrated parameters to drive the MWBMglacier at 2 km spatial resolution. Relative to the historical period 1949–2009, precipitation will increase and air temperature in the mountains will be above freezing for an additional two months per year by mid-century which significantly impacts snow/rain partitioning and the generation of meltwater from snow and glaciers. Analysis of the period 1949–2099 reveals that numerous hydrologic regime shifts already occurred or are projected to occur in the study area including glacier accumulation area, snow covered area, and forest vulnerability. By the end of the century, Copper River discharge is projected to increase by 48%, driven by 21% more precipitation and 53% more glacial melt water (RCP 8.5) relative to the historical period (1949–2009).
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w10020128","usgsCitation":"Valentin, M., Hogue, T.S., and Hay, L., 2018, Hydrologic regime changes in a high-latitude glacierized watershed under future climate conditions: Water, v. 10, no. 2, 128, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020128.","productDescription":"128, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088012","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Copper River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148,\n 63.4\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 63.4\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 63.4\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentin, Melissa","contributorId":202218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentin","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogue, Terri S.","contributorId":205175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogue","given":"Terri","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren 0000-0003-3763-4595","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":205020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194834,"text":"ofr20181001 - 2018 - Updated procedures for using drill cores and cuttings at the Lithologic Core Storage Library, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:26:59","indexId":"ofr20181001","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1001","title":"Updated procedures for using drill cores and cuttings at the Lithologic Core Storage Library, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, established the Lithologic Core Storage Library at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The facility was established to consolidate, catalog, and permanently store nonradioactive drill cores and cuttings from subsurface investigations conducted at the INL, and to provide a location for researchers to examine, sample, and test these materials.
The facility is open by appointment to researchers for examination, sampling, and testing of cores and cuttings. This report describes the facility and cores and cuttings stored at the facility. Descriptions of cores and cuttings include the corehole names, corehole locations, and depth intervals available.
Most cores and cuttings stored at the facility were drilled at or near the INL, on the eastern Snake River Plain; however, two cores drilled on the western Snake River Plain are stored for comparative studies. Basalt, rhyolite, sedimentary interbeds, and surficial sediments compose most cores and cuttings, most of which are continuous from land surface to their total depth. The deepest continuously drilled core stored at the facility was drilled to 5,000 feet below land surface. This report describes procedures and researchers' responsibilities for access to the facility and for examination, sampling, and return of materials.
","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181001","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22244Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
With the decline of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss), habitat restoration actions in freshwater tributaries have been implemented to improve conditions for juveniles. Typically, physical (for example, hydrologic and engineering) based models are used to design restoration alternatives with the assumption that biological responses will be improved with changes to the physical habitat. Biological models rarely are used. Here, we describe simulations of a food web model, the Aquatic Trophic Productivity (ATP) model, to aid in the design of a restoration project in the Methow River, north-central Washington. The ATP model mechanistically links environmental conditions of the stream to the dynamics of river food webs, and can be used to simulate how alternative river restoration designs influence the potential for river reaches to sustain fish production. Four restoration design alternatives were identified that encompassed varying levels of side channel and floodplain reconnection and large wood addition. Our model simulations suggest that design alternatives focused on reconnecting side channels and the adjacent floodplain may provide the greatest increase in fish capacity. These results were robust to a range of discharge and thermal regimes that naturally occur in the Methow River. Our results suggest that biological models, such as the ATP model, can be used during the restoration planning phase to increase the effectiveness of restoration actions. Moreover, the use of multiple modeling efforts, both physical and biological, when evaluating restoration design alternatives provides a better understanding of the potential outcome of restoration actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, J.R., Bellmore, J.R., and Dombroski, Daniel, 2018, Using a food web model to inform the design of river restoration—An example at the Barkley Bear Segment, Methow River, north-central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1002, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181002.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092102","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350751,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1002/ofr20181002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1002"},{"id":350750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1002/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 47.646886969413\n ],\n [\n -119.02587890624999,\n 47.646886969413\n ],\n [\n -119.02587890624999,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 47.646886969413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Climate-sensitive Arctic lakes have been identified as conduits for ancient permafrost-carbon (C) emissions and as such accelerate warming. However, the environmental factors that control emission pathways and their sources are unclear; this complicates upscaling, forecasting and climate-impact-assessment efforts. Here we show that current whole-lake CH4 and CO2 emissions from widespread lakes in Arctic Alaska primarily originate from organic matter fixed within the past 3–4 millennia (modern to 3,300 ± 70 years before the present), and not from Pleistocene permafrost C. Furthermore, almost 100% of the annual diffusive C flux is emitted as CO2. Although the lakes mostly processed younger C (89 ± 3% of total C emissions), minor contributions from ancient C sources were two times greater in fine-textured versus coarse-textured Pleistocene sediments, which emphasizes the importance of the underlying geological substrate in current and future emissions. This spatially extensive survey considered the environmental and temporal variability necessary to monitor and forecast the fate of ancient permafrost C as Arctic warming progresses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41558-017-0066-9","usgsCitation":"Elder, C.D., Xu, X., Walker, J., Schnell, J.L., Hinkel, K.M., Townsend-Small, A., Arp, C.D., Pohlman, J.W., Gaglioti, B., and Czimzik, C.I., 2018, Greenhouse gas emissions from diverse Arctic Alaskan lakes are dominated by young carbon: Nature Climate Change, v. 8, p. 166-171, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0066-9.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"171","ipdsId":"IP-088994","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q0086pg","text":"External Repository"},{"id":350887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 68.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743584e4b0a9a2e9e25ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, Clayton D.","contributorId":201542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elder","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Xiaomei","contributorId":32055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Xiaomei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Jennifer","contributorId":201558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schnell, Jordan L.","contributorId":201543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schnell","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36194,"text":"Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Townsend-Small, Amy","contributorId":201545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend-Small","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36196,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pohlman, John W. 0000-0002-3563-4586 jpohlman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":145771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","email":"jpohlman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V.","contributorId":193129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Czimzik, Claudia I.","contributorId":199102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czimzik","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70208063,"text":"70208063 - 2018 - Is sensitivity to anticoagulant rodenticides affected by repeated exposure in hawks?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T07:25:47","indexId":"70208063","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-28T07:24:57","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Is sensitivity to anticoagulant rodenticides affected by repeated exposure in hawks?","docAbstract":"A seminal question in wildlife toxicology is whether exposure to an environmental contaminant, in particular a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, can evoke subtle long lasting effects on body condition, physiological function and survival. Many reports indicate that non-target predators often carry residues of several rodenticides, which is indicative of multiple exposures. An often-cited study in laboratory rats demonstrated that exposure to the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum prolongs blood clotting time for a few days, but weeks later when rats were re-exposed to the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin, coagulopathy was more pronounced in brodifacoum-treated rats than naïve rats exposed to warfarin. To further investigate this phenomenon, American kestrels were fed environmentally realistic doses of chlorophacinone or brodifacoum for a week, and following a week-long recovery period, birds were then challenged with a low-level dietary dose of chlorophacinone. In the present study, neither hematocrit nor clotting time (prothrombin time, Russell’s viper venom time) were differentially affected in sequentially exposed kestrels compared to naïve birds fed low-level dietary dose of chlorophacinone. While the present findings do not reveal lasting effects of anticoagulant exposure on blood clotting ability, findings in laboratory rats and other species have demonstrated such effects on blood clotting, and even other molecular pathways associated with immune function and xenobiotic metabolism. Additional studies using an environmentally realistic route of exposure and dose are underway to further test this hypothesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.5070/V42811045","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., 2018, Is sensitivity to anticoagulant rodenticides affected by repeated exposure in hawks?, in Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference, p. 247-253, https://doi.org/10.5070/V42811045.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"253","ipdsId":"IP-096311","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5070/v42811045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":221814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194519,"text":"sim3392 - 2018 - Quaternary sediment thickness and bedrock topography of the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T09:58:24","indexId":"sim3392","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3392","title":"Quaternary sediment thickness and bedrock topography of the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Beginning roughly 2.6 million years ago, global climate entered a cooling phase known as the Pleistocene Epoch. As snow in northern latitudes compacted into ice several kilometers thick, it flowed as glaciers southward across the North American continent. These glaciers extended across the northern United States, dramatically altering the landscape they covered. East of the Rocky Mountains, the ice coalesced into continental glaciers (called the Laurentide Ice Sheet) that at times blanketed much of the north-central and northeastern United States. To the west of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, glaciers formed in the mountains of western Canada and the United States and coalesced into the Cordilleran ice sheet; this relatively smaller ice mass extended into the conterminous United States in the northernmost areas of western Montana, Idaho, and Washington. Throughout the Pleistocene, landscape alteration occurred by (1) glacial erosion of the rocks and sediments; (2) redeposition of the eroded earth materials in a form substantially different from their source rocks, in terms of texture and overall character; and (3) disruption of preexisting drainage patterns by the newly deposited sediments. In many cases, pre-glacial drainage systems (including, for example, the Mississippi River) were rerouted because their older drainage courses became blocked with glacial sediment.
The continental glaciers advanced and retreated many times across those areas. During each ice advance, or glaciation, erosion and deposition occurred, and the landscape was again altered. Through successive glaciations, the landscape and the bedrock surface gradually came to resemble their present configurations. As continental ice sheets receded and the Pleistocene ended, erosion and deposition of sediment (for example in stream valleys) continued to shape the landscape up to the present day (albeit to a lesser extent than during glaciation). The interval of time since the last recession of the glaciers is called the Holocene and, together with the Pleistocene, constitutes the Quaternary Period of geologic time; this publication characterizes the three-dimensional geometry of the Quaternary sediments and the bedrock surface that lies beneath.
The pre-glacial landscape was underlain mostly by weathered bedrock generally similar in nature to that found in many areas of the non-glaciated United States. Glacial erosion and redeposition of earth materials produced a young, mineral-rich soil that formed the basis for the highly productive agricultural economy in the U.S. midcontinent. Extensive buried sands and gravels within the glacial deposits also provided a stimulus to other economic sectors by serving as high-quality aquifers supplying groundwater to the region’s industry and cities. An understanding of the three-dimensional distribution of these glacial sediments has direct utility for addressing various societal issues including groundwater quality and supply, and landscape and soil response to earthquake-induced shaking.
The Quaternary sediment thickness map and bedrock topographic map shown here provide a regional overview and are intended to supplement the more detailed work on which they are based. Detailed mapping is particularly useful in populated areas for site-specific planning. In contrast, regional maps such as these serve to place local, detailed mapping in context; to permit the extrapolation of data into unmapped areas; and to depict large-scale regional geologic features and patterns that are beyond the scope of local, detailed mapping. They also can enhance the reader’s general understanding of the region’s landscape and geologic history and provide a source of information for regional decision making that could benefit by improved predictability of bedrock depth beneath the unconsolidated Quaternary sediments. To enable these maps to be analyzed in conjunction with other types of information, this publication also includes the map data in GIS compatible format.
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\"}}]}","contact":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 908
Reston, VA 20192
Fax: (703) 648-6937
The Jan Mayen Microcontinent encompasses a rectangular, mostly submarine fragment of continental crust that lies north of Iceland in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. These continental rocks were rifted away from the eastern margin of Greenland as a consequence of a westward jump of spreading centers from the now-extinct Aegir Ridge to the currently active Kolbeinsey Ridge in the Oligocene and early Miocene. The microcontinent is composed of the high-standing Jan Mayen Ridge and a series of smaller ridges that diminish southward in elevation and includes several deep basins that are underlain by strongly attenuated continental crust. The geology of this area is known principally from a loose collection of seismic reflection and refraction lines and several deep-sea scientific drill cores.
The Jan Mayen Microcontinent petroleum province encompasses the entire area of the microcontinent and was defined as a single assessment unit (AU). Although its geology is poorly known, the microcontinent is thought to consist of late Paleozoic and Mesozoic rift basin stratigraphic sequences similar to those of the highly prospective Norwegian, North Sea, and Greenland continental margins. The prospectivity of the AU may be greatly diminished, however, by pervasive extensional deformation, basaltic magmatism, and exhumation that accompanied two periods of continental rifting and breakup in the Paleogene and early Neogene. The overall probability of at least one petroleum accumulation of >50 million barrels of oil equivalent was judged to be 5.6 percent. As a consequence of the low level of probability, a quantitative assessment of this AU was not conducted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1824L","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., and Pitman, J.K., 2018, Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Jan Mayen Microcontinent Province, 2008, chap. L of Moore, T.E., and Gautier, D.L., eds., The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824L.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-028951","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/l/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/l/pp1824L.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter L"},{"id":350682,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/l/pp1824L_appendix.xls","size":"36 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter L"}],"otherGeospatial":"Jan Mayen Microcontinent Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -15,\n 66\n ],\n [\n 7,\n 66\n ],\n [\n 7,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -15,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -15,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
FAX 650-329-4936
Flood-damage reduction in the United States has been a longstanding but elusive societal goal. The national strategy for reducing flood damage has shifted over recent decades from a focus on construction of flood-control dams and levee systems to a three-pronged strategy to (1) improve the design and operation of such structures, (2) provide more accurate and accessible flood forecasting, and (3) shift the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Flood Insurance Program to a more balanced, less costly flood-insurance paradigm. Expanding the availability and use of high-quality, three-dimensional (3D) elevation information derived from modern light detection and ranging (lidar) technologies to provide essential terrain data poses a singular opportunity to dramatically enhance the effectiveness of all three components of this strategy. Additionally, FEMA, the National Weather Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have developed tools and joint program activities to support the national strategy.
The USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) has the programmatic infrastructure to produce and provide essential terrain data. This infrastructure includes (1) data acquisition partnerships that leverage funding and reduce duplicative efforts, (2) contracts with experienced private mapping firms that ensure acquisition of consistent, low-cost 3D elevation data, and (3) the technical expertise, standards, and specifications required for consistent, edge-to-edge utility across multiple collection platforms and public access unfettered by individual database designs and limitations.
High-quality elevation data, like that collected through 3DEP, are invaluable for assessing and documenting flood risk and communicating detailed information to both responders and planners alike. Multiple flood-mapping programs make use of USGS streamflow and 3DEP data. Flood insurance rate maps, flood documentation studies, and flood-inundation map libraries are products of these programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173081","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W.J., Jr., and Lukas, Vicki, 2018, The 3D Elevation Program—Flood risk management: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017-3081, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173081.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073000","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3081/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":350201,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3081/fs20173081.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3081"}],"contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
A U.S. Navy SEAL (an acronym for sea, air, land) carries gear containing at least 23 nonfuel mineral commodities for which the United States is greater than 50 percent net import reliant. The graphics display the leading world producers of selected nonfuel mineral commodities used to manufacture U.S. Navy SEAL gear. SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy's special operations forces.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip183","usgsCitation":"Brainard, Jamie, Nassar, N.T., Gambogi, Joseph, Baker, M.S., and Jarvis, M.T., 2018, Globally sourced mineral commodities used in U.S. Navy SEAL gear—An illustration of U.S. net import reliance (ver. 2.0, January 2018): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 183, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip183.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-093066","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0183/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":350854,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0183/versionHist.txt","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":350853,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0183/gip183.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 25, 2018; Version 2.0: January 31, 2018","contact":"Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Population dynamics vary in space and time. Survey designs that ignore these dynamics may be inefficient and fail to capture essential spatio‐temporal variability of a process. Alternatively, dynamic survey designs explicitly incorporate knowledge of ecological processes, the associated uncertainty in those processes, and can be optimized with respect to monitoring objectives. We describe a cohesive framework for monitoring a spreading population that explicitly links animal movement models with survey design and monitoring objectives. We apply the framework to develop an optimal survey design for sea otters in Glacier Bay. Sea otters were first detected in Glacier Bay in 1988 and have since increased in both abundance and distribution; abundance estimates increased from 5 otters to >5,000 otters, and they have spread faster than 2.7 km/yr. By explicitly linking animal movement models and survey design, we are able to reduce uncertainty associated with forecasting occupancy, abundance, and distribution compared to other potential random designs. The framework we describe is general, and we outline steps to applying it to novel systems and taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.2120","usgsCitation":"Williams, P.J., Hooten, M., Womble, J.N., Esslinger, G.G., and Bower, M.R., 2018, Monitoring dynamic spatio-temporal ecological processes optimally: Ecology, v. 99, no. 3, p. 524-535, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2120.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"535","ipdsId":"IP-088621","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03047","text":"External Repository"},{"id":356607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a30de4b0702d0e843021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Perry J.","contributorId":169058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25400,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":742810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Womble, Jamie N.","contributorId":198631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Womble","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bower, Michael R.","contributorId":198632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bower","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70221602,"text":"70221602 - 2018 - Spatial and temporal variability in growth of giant gartersnakes: Plasticity, precipitation, and prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T11:47:22.00398","indexId":"70221602","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-25T06:40:24","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability in growth of giant gartersnakes: Plasticity, precipitation, and prey","docAbstract":"The growth rate of reptiles is plastic and often varies among individuals, populations, and years in response to environmental conditions. For an imperiled species, the growth rate of individual animals is an important component of demographic models, and changes in individual growth rates might precede changes in abundance. We analyzed a long-term dataset on the growth of Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) to characterize spatial and temporal variability and evaluate potential environmental predictors of growth. We collected data on the growth in snout–vent length (SVL) of Giant Gartersnakes over 22 yr (1995–2016) from eight sites distributed throughout the Sacramento Valley of California, USA. The von Bertalanffy growth curves indicated male Giant Gartersnakes grew faster toward shorter, asymptotic SVL than did females. Nearly equal variability in growth was attributable to differences among years and among sites. From 2003–2016 we collected data on precipitation, temperature, and the abundance of fish and anuran prey at each site and used these variables as predictors in growth models of Giant Gartersnakes. Snake growth was positively related to the amount of precipitation that fell during the prior water year and the abundance of anurans at a site. Fish and frog abundance interacted to affect snake growth: at low abundances of one prey type, the other positively affected growth, but the slope of this relationship decreased as alternative prey abundance increased. Our results highlight the plasticity of growth in this threatened snake species, point to potential environmental drivers of growth, and provide valuable data for demographic modeling efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/17-055","usgsCitation":"Rose, J.P., Halstead, B., Wylie, G.D., and Casazza, M.L., 2018, Spatial and temporal variability in growth of giant gartersnakes: Plasticity, precipitation, and prey: Journal of Herpetology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 40-49, https://doi.org/10.1670/17-055.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-086235","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 38.27268853598095\n ],\n [\n -120.38818359374997,\n 38.27268853598095\n ],\n [\n -120.38818359374997,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 38.27268853598095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Jonathan P. 0000-0003-0874-9166 jprose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9166","contributorId":199339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Jonathan","email":"jprose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193973,"text":"ofr20171148 - 2018 - Public views of wetlands and waterfowl conservation in the United States—Results of a survey to inform the 2018 update of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T15:09:07","indexId":"ofr20171148","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-24T15:20:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1148","title":"Public views of wetlands and waterfowl conservation in the United States—Results of a survey to inform the 2018 update of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan","docAbstract":"This report provides information from a general public survey conducted in early 2017 to help inform the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) 2018 update. This report is intended for use by the NAWMP advisory committees and anyone interested in the human dimensions of wetlands and waterfowl management. A mail-out survey was sent to 5,000 addresses in the United States, which were selected randomly in proportion to the population of each State. A total of 1,030 completed surveys representing 49 States were returned, resulting in a 23 percent overall response rate.
When comparing the demographics of the respondents to the U.S. census data, this sample overrepresented people who are male, older, highly educated, and white. Data were weighted on gender and age to make the results more representative of the overall U.S. population. Additionally, this sample had higher participation rates in all wildlife-related recreation activities than has been found in previous studies; this indicates there may have been selection bias, with people interested in nature-related topics more likely to complete the survey. Therefore, results likely represent a segment of the U.S. public that is more oriented toward and aware of wildlife and conservation issues than the general public as a whole. Because of this bias, responses for each question were also broken down by recreationist type (hunters, anglers, wildlife viewers, and no wildlife-related recreation). Additionally, responses for each question were split by administrative flyway (Atlantic, Central, Mississippi, Pacific) and residency (urban, urban cluster, rural) to better understand the different groups.
Most respondents knew of wetlands in their local area or community, and more than half had visited wetlands in the previous 12 months. Of those who had visited wetlands, the most common reasons were for walking/hiking/biking and enjoying nature/picnicking. In addition, this sample was very concerned about the reduction or loss of ecosystem services resulting from wetlands degradation or loss. A majority of respondents were somewhat or very concerned about 9 out of 10 wetlands benefits, with hunting opportunities being the only benefit the majority of people were not concerned about. People were the most concerned about clean water, clean air, and providing a home for wildlife. In contrast, people were least concerned about hunting opportunities and wetlands providing scenic places for inspiration or spiritual renewal. Communication about wetlands that focuses on habitat, clean air, and clean water may resonate with the widest variety of people. However, if communication is targeted toward wildlife-related recreationists, including more information about the recreation benefits of wetlands and emphasizing habitat benefits may be the most effective.
Many people reported having participated in conservation behaviors in the last year. The most popular activity was making the yard more desirable to wildlife, with more than three-fourths of respondents participating, followed by donating money to support wildlife/habitat conservation and talking to others in their community about conservation issues. There was lower participation in conservation behavior specifically related to wetlands and waterfowl, with two-fifths of respondents voting for candidates or ballot issues to support wetlands/waterfowl conservation and one-third advocating for political action to conserve wetlands/waterfowl.
In order to better understand how to reach out to the public on nature-related topics, preferences in information channels and trust in information sources were explored. Respondents were mostly likely to want to receive their information through personal experience, by reading or accessing online content, and through watching visual media online. People were least likely to want to receive information through listening to recorded audio media, attending educational opportunities, and listening to live audio media. These results emphasize the importance of having content available online in an easily accessible and appealing format. Visual media in particular seems to be preferred across a wide variety of people. Additionally, people had the highest trust in scientific organizations, universities/educational organizations, and friends/family/neighbors/colleagues. The least trusted sources were national media/news, religious organizations, and local media/news. Urban respondents had higher trust levels overall, particularly for the government. Hunters and those in rural areas had lower levels of trust in the government but higher trust in family/friends.
In this sample, few respondents reported hunting waterfowl (5 percent) or hunting other game (16 percent) in the last year. Additionally, few respondents said they were very or somewhat likely to hunt waterfowl in the following 12 months. Even after considering that self-selection bias would make it more likely for hunters to respond to the survey, the relatively small number of respondents who identified as hunters reinforces that engagement of other wildlife-related recreationists is critical to meeting the third goal of the NAWMP 2012 revision—to increase numbers of wetlands/waterfowl conservationists. Many people also had negative perceptions of hunting. Half of the respondents stated that hunting would be unpleasant, and two-fifths believed hunting would be boring. In contrast, people had more favorable attitudes toward birdwatching, with only one-sixth saying it would be unpleasant and less than one-third saying it would be boring. A majority of respondents thought they could easily go hunting or birdwatching in the following 12 months. Overall, people had much more positive views toward birdwatching and expressed fewer barriers to participating in it. When asked what would prevent them from hunting, the most frequently stated reasons were moral opposition, no interest, personal health, and time constraints; for birdwatching, the most popular responses were nothing, no interest, and time constraints. These responses indicate it may be beneficial to move beyond hunting and find ways for other groups, such as birdwatchers, to play a more active role in conservation.
Although not many people hunted and many people tended to have negative attitudes toward hunting, over three-fourths of people said they knew a hunter. Given that wildlife viewers, those who did not participate in wildlife-related recreation, and urban residents tended to have negative attitudes toward hunting and (or) were not interested in participating, attempting to recruit them to participate in hunting may not be effective. However, given how many people across all groups knew a hunter and the relatively high levels of trust people had in their friends/family, hunters may be effective ambassadors for promoting waterfowl and wetlands conservation among nonhunters. Additionally, because people had less preference for viewing waterfowl and other game birds compared to their preference for seeing hummingbirds and birds of prey, conservation efforts that extend beyond waterfowl and include other species that benefit from wetlands may have more appeal to a broader range of people.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171148","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, E.J., and Miller, H.M., 2018, Public views of wetlands and waterfowl conservation in the United States—Results of a survey to inform the 2018 update of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1148, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171148.","productDescription":"xii, 134 p.","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088573","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438050,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G15ZQ6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Results of a U.S. General Public Survey to Inform the 2018 North American Waterfowl Management Plan Update (2017)"},{"id":350493,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1148/ofr20171148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1148"},{"id":350492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1148/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Pleistocene glaciations and late Cenozoic offset on the Teton fault have played central roles in shaping the scenic landscapes of the Teton Range and Jackson Hole area in Wyoming. The Teton Range harbored a system of mountain-valley glaciers that produced the striking geomorphic features in these mountains. However, the comparatively much larger southern sector of the Greater Yellowstone glacial system (GYGS) is responsible for creating the more expansive glacial landforms and deposits that dominate Jackson Hole. The glacial history is also inextricably associated with the Yellowstone hotspot, which caused two conditions that have fostered extensive glaciation: (1) uplift and consequent cold temperatures in greater Yellowstone; and (2) the lowland track of the hotspot (eastern Snake River Plain) that funneled moisture to the Yellowstone Plateau and the Yellowstone Crescent of High Terrain (YCHT).
The penultimate (Bull Lake) glaciation filled all of Jackson Hole with glacial ice. Granitic boulders on moraines beyond the south end of Jackson Hole have cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages of ~150 thousand years ago (ka) and correlate with Marine Isotope Stage 6. A thick loess mantle subdues the topography of Bull Lake moraines and caps Bull Lake outwash terraces with a reddish buried soil near the base of the loess having a Bk horizon that extends down into the outwash gravel. The Bull Lake glaciation of Jackson Hole extended 48 kilometers (km) farther south than the Pinedale, representing the largest separation of these two glacial positions in the Western United States. The Bull Lake is also more extensive than the Pinedale on the west (22 km) and southwest (23 km) margins of the GYGS but not on the north and east. This pattern is explained by uplift and subsidence on the leading and trailing “bow-wave” of the YCHT, respectively.
During the last (Pinedale) glaciation, mountain-valley glaciers of the Teton Range extended to the western edge of Jackson Hole and built bouldery moraines that commonly enclose lakes. On the southern margin of the GYGS, prominent glacial outwash terraces define three phases of the Pinedale glaciation in Jackson Hole: Pinedale-1 (Pd-1) by Antelope Flats with subdued channel patterns on the east side of Jackson Hole; Pinedale-2 (Pd-2) by a large outwash fan that includes Baseline Flat on the west side of Jackson Hole with well-defined channel patterns; and Pinedale-3 (Pd-3) by The Potholes and other outwash fans farther up the Snake River in central Jackson Hole. During Pinedale glaciation, three glacial lobes of the GYGS fed into Jackson Hole, and the relative importance of these lobes changed dramatically through time. During the Pd-1 glaciation, the eastern Buffalo Fork lobe dominated whereas in Pd-2 and Pd-3 time the northern Snake River lobe dominated. This is consistent with migration of the GYGS center of ice mass westward and southward as glaciers built up towards the moisture source provided by storms moving northeastward up the eastern Snake River Plain. The recession of the eastern Buffalo Fork lobe in Pd-2 and Pd-3 times is consistent with an enlarged ice mass on the Yellowstone Plateau that placed the eastern part of the GYGS in a precipitation or snow shadow.
In Pd-1 time, the Buffalo Fork lobe reached its maximum extent and was joined by the Pacific Creek lobe. This culmination may correlate with the ~21–18 ka ages of moraines in the Teton Range and nearby ranges. Three subdivisions of Pd-1 glaciation built moraines that are nearly or entirely covered by outwash almost 100 meters thick. In Pd-2 time, the Snake River lobe joined with the Pacific Creek lobe and built a large outwash fan south of the present-day Jackson Lake. Boulders on a moraine at the head of this fan are dated to 15.5 ± 0.5 ka. The relation between Teton glaciers and those of the GYGS is indicated by outwash from these Pd-2 moraines that partly buries outer Jenny Lake moraines dated to 15.2 ± 0.7 ka. East of the large outwash fan, Pd-2 ice advanced across the glacial-age Triangle X-2 lake sediments, perhaps in a surge. The Buffalo Fork lobe retreated more than 20 km up valley from its Pd-1 position and Pd-2 ice of the Snake River and Pacific Creek lobes advanced into the area previously occupied by the Buffalo Fork lobe. The Pd-3 position flanks the margin of Jackson Lake and represents a retreat to a stable position after the Pd-2 7-km advance that may have been a surge across the Triangle X-2 lake sediments. The Potholes and South Landing outwash fans were built in the area deglaciated by the retreat from Pd-2 to Pd-3 time. The Spalding Bay outwash fan continued to incise and a meltwater stream flowed just outside the Teton glacier that filled the present Jenny Lake and deposited the 14.4 ± 0.8 ka inner Jenny Lake moraines.
Glacial outwash terraces increase in slope toward their respective moraines of the GYGS and are complex in both north-south and east-west directions. The Pd-1 terrace slopes to the west where it is buried by the Pd-2 outwash. The post-depositional tilting of the Pd-1 outwash terrace is an order of magnitude smaller than the original westward depositional slope. The Pd-1, 2, and 3 terraces have a shingle-like geometry such that the highest terrace decreases in age down valley, and in southern Jackson Hole, the Pd-3 terrace is only 3–5 m above the Snake River.
In Pd-1 time the combined Buffalo Fork and Pacific Creek lobes scoured out four basins: (1) Emma Matilda Lake; (2) Two Ocean Lake; (3) a deep basin from lower Pacific Creek to beneath the Oxbows and Jackson Lake Dam; and (4) the largest basin from the lower Buffalo Fork to Deadmans Bar of the Snake River. These basins are largely filled with fine-grained sediment and are now marked by moist lowlands or lakes. In Pd-2 and Pd-3 time the Snake River lobe scoured the present 120-m deep Jackson Lake and possibly the 120-m deeper sediment-filled basin. Subglacial erosion of the Jackson Lake basin by confined water jets is supported by eskers that climb up to the head of the South Landing outwash fan.
Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-480
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services and the Department of Health and Human Services, has developed a hydrologic model to assess the effects of short- and long-term climate change on hydrology in New Hampshire. This report documents the model and datasets developed by using the model to predict how climate change will affect the hydrologic cycle and provide data that can be used by State and local agencies to identify locations that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change in areas across New Hampshire.
Future hydrologic projections were developed from the output of five general circulation models for two future climate scenarios. The scenarios are based on projected future greenhouse gas emissions and estimates of land-use and land-cover change within a projected global economic framework. An evaluation of the possible effect of projected future temperature on modeling of evapotranspiration is summarized to address concerns regarding the implications of the future climate on model parameters that are based on climate variables. The results of the model simulations are hydrologic projections indicating increasing streamflow across the State with large increases in streamflow during winter and early spring and general decreases during late spring and summer. Wide spatial variability in changes to groundwater recharge is projected, with general decreases in the Connecticut River Valley and at high elevations in the northern part of the State and general increases in coastal and lowland areas of the State. In general, total winter snowfall is projected to decrease across the State, but there is a possibility of increasing snow in some locations, particularly during November, February, and March. The simulated future changes in recharge and snowfall vary by watershed across the State. This means that each area of the State could experience very different changes, depending on topography or other factors. Therefore, planning for infrastructure and public safety needs to be flexible in order to address the range of possible outcomes indicated by the various model simulations. The absolute magnitude and timing of the daily streamflows, especially the larger floods, are not considered to be reliably simulated compared to changes in frequency and duration of daily streamflows and changes in accumulated monthly and seasonal streamflow volumes.
Simulated current and future streamflow, groundwater recharge, and snowfall datasets include simulated data derived from the five general circulation models used in this study for a current reference time period and two future time periods. Average monthly streamflow time series datasets are provided for 27 streamgages in New Hampshire. Fourteen of the 27 streamgages associated with daily streamflow time series showed a good calibration. Average monthly groundwater recharge and snowfall time series for the same reference time period and two future time periods are also provided for each of the 467 hydrologic response units that compose the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services and Department of Health and Human Services","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., and Sturtevant, Luke, 2018, Simulated hydrologic response to climate change during the 21st century in New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5143, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175143.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 53 p.; 4 Tables; Data release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074537","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395616,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76T0KJZ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Thirty- and ninety-year data sets of streamflow, groundwater recharge, and snowfall simulating potential hydrologic response to climate change in the 21st century in New Hampshire"},{"id":350514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5143/tables/sir20175143_table4.csv","text":"Table 4","size":"10.8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Streamflow percent change"},{"id":350513,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5143/tables/sir20175143_table3.csv","text":"Table 3","size":"6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Streamgages in New Hampshire"},{"id":350512,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5143/sir20175143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 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Hampshire\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
101 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, CT 06108
Digital flood-inundation maps for a 9.5-mile reach of the Patoka River in and near the city of Jasper, southwestern Indiana (Ind.), from the streamgage near County Road North 175 East, downstream to State Road 162, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science web site at https://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage Patoka River at Jasper, Ind. (station number 03375500). The Patoka streamgage is located at the upstream end of the 9.5-mile river reach. Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, although flood forecasts and stages for action and minor, moderate, and major flood stages are not currently (2017) available at this site (JPRI3).
Flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation at the Patoka River at Jasper, Ind., streamgage and the documented high-water marks from the flood of April 30, 2017. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to compute five water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the streamgage datum ranging from 15 feet (ft), or near bankfull, to 19 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging [lidar] data having a 0.98 ft vertical accuracy and 4.9 ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
The availability of these flood-inundation maps, along with real-time stage from the USGS streamgage at the Patoka River at Jasper, Ind., will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2018, Flood-inundation maps for the Patoka River in and near Jasper, southwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5138, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175138.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 11 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086512","costCenters":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5138/sir20175138.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5138"},{"id":350481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7862DX0","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial Datasets and Surface-Water Hydraulic Model for the Patoka River in and near Jasper, Southwest Indiana, Flood-inundation Study"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Jasper","otherGeospatial":"Patoka River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.95,\n 38.360839624761944\n ],\n [\n -86.875,\n 38.360839624761944\n ],\n [\n -86.875,\n 38.425\n ],\n [\n -86.95,\n 38.425\n ],\n [\n -86.95,\n 38.360839624761944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd
Indianapolis, IN 46278
We summarize recent (2002–17) publicly available information from studies within the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge as well as terrestrial and coastal ecosystems elsewhere on the Arctic Coastal Plain that are relevant to the 1002 Area. This report provides an update on earlier research summaries on caribou (Rangifer tarandus), forage quality and quantity, polar bears (Ursus maritimus), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), and snow geese (Chen caerulescens). We also provide information on new research related to climate, migratory birds, permafrost, coastal erosion, coastal lagoons, fish, water resources, and potential effects of industrial disturbance on wildlife. From this literature review, we noted evidence for change in the status of some wildlife and their habitats, and the lack of change for others. In the 1002 Area, muskox numbers have decreased and the Porcupine Caribou Herd has exhibited variation in use of the area during the calving season. Polar bears are now more common on shore in summer and fall because of declines in sea ice in the Beaufort Sea. In a study spanning 25 years, there were no significant changes in vegetation quality and quantity, soil conditions, or permafrost thaw in the coastal plain of the 1002 Area. Based on studies from the central Arctic Coastal Plain, there are persistent and emerging uncertainties about the long-term effects of energy development for caribou. In contrast, recent studies that examined direct and indirect effects of industrial activities and infrastructure on birds in the central Arctic Coastal Plain found little effect for the species and disturbances examined, except for the possibility of increased predator activity near human developments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., Flint, P.L., Atwood, T.C., Douglas, D.C., Adams, L.G., Johnson, H.E., Arthur, S.M., and Latty, C.J., 2018, Summary of wildlife-related research on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2002–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1003, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181003.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092189","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1003/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":350491,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1003/ofr20181003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.480712890625,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 70.15901707518466\n ],\n [\n -146.480712890625,\n 70.15901707518466\n ],\n [\n -146.480712890625,\n 69.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4230 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Monitoring vulnerable species is critical for their conservation. Thresholds or tipping points are commonly used to indicate when populations become vulnerable to extinction and to trigger changes in conservation actions. However, quantitative methods to determine such thresholds have not been well explored. The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) was removed from the list of threatened and endangered species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2016 and our objectives were to determine the most appropriate parameters and thresholds for monitoring and management action. Capture mark recapture (CMR) data from 2006 to 2012 were used to estimate population parameters and variances. We used stochastic population simulations and conditional classification trees to identify demographic rates for monitoring that would be most indicative of heighted extinction risk. We then identified thresholds that would be reliable predictors of population viability. Conditional classification trees indicated that annual apparent survival rates for adult females averaged over 5 years () was the best predictor of population persistence. Specifically, population persistence was estimated to be ≥95% over 100 years when
, suggesting that this statistic can be used as threshold to trigger management intervention. Our evaluation produced monitoring protocols that reliably predicted population persistence and was cost-effective. We conclude that population projections and conditional classification trees can be valuable tools for identifying extinction thresholds used in monitoring programs.
Interannual differences in the water quality of Anvil Lake, Wisconsin, were examined to determine how water level and climate affect the hydrodynamics and trophic state of shallow lakes, and their importance compared to anthropogenic changes in the watershed. Anvil Lake is a relatively pristine seepage lake with hydrology dominated by precipitation, evaporation, and groundwater exchange enabling the typically subtle effects of water level and climate to be evaluated. Groundwater and hydrodynamic models were used to describe lake water and phosphorus budgets and how its hydrodynamics are affected by water level and air temperature. Decreases in water level are expected to cause Anvil Lake and other shallow lakes to stratify fewer days, and have warmer bottom temperatures and more deep-mixing events. Increasing air temperatures should cause these lakes to have shorter ice cover, longer summer stratification periods, and warmer bottom temperatures. How water level affects water quality depends on how nutrient loading and lake volume vary: during drier, low-water years, lakes with large interannual changes in loading should have better water quality, whereas lakes with small changes in loading should degrade slightly. Anthropogenic changes in Anvil Lake's watershed over the past ∼100 yr were about 1.5 times the effects of changes in water level when levels were low, but the effects were similar when levels were high. Climate warming is expected to increase productivity in shallow lakes because warmer air temperatures will likely increase bottom temperatures increasing sediment phosphorus release and deep-mixing events enabling this phosphorus to reach the epilimnion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2017.1412374","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Juckem, P.F., Dantoin, E.D., and Winslow, L., 2018, Effects of water level and climate on the hydrodynamics and water quality of Anvil Lake, Wisconsin, a shallow seepage lake: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 34, no. 3, p. 211-231, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2017.1412374.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-082880","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F18WXW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model data sets used to evaluate the changes in hydrodynamics of Anvil Lake, Wisconsin"},{"id":361735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Anvil Lake","volume":"34","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":204668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dantoin, Eric D. 0000-0002-8561-2924 edantoin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8561-2924","contributorId":2278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dantoin","given":"Eric","email":"edantoin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. 0000-0002-8602-5510","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":211187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke A.","affiliations":[{"id":12656,"text":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207054,"text":"70207054 - 2018 - Downscaling future climate change projections over Puerto Rico using a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-04T15:12:07","indexId":"70207054","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-22T15:07:05","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downscaling future climate change projections over Puerto Rico using a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model","docAbstract":"We present results from 20-year “high-resolution” regional climate model simulations of precipitation change for the sub-tropical island of Puerto Rico. The Japanese Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic Model (NHM) operating at a 2-km grid resolution is nested inside the Regional Spectral Model (RSM) at 10-km grid resolution, which in turn is forced at the lateral boundaries by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4). At this resolution, the climate change experiment allows for deep convection in model integrations, which is an important consideration for sub-tropical regions in general, and on islands with steep precipitation gradients in particular that strongly influence local ecological processes and the provision of ecosystem services. Projected precipitation change for this region of the Caribbean is simulated for the mid-twenty-first century (2041–2060) under the RCP8.5 climate-forcing scenario relative to the late twentieth century (1986–2005). The results show that by the mid-twenty-first century, there is an overall rainfall reduction over the island for all seasons compared to the recent climate but with diminished mid-summer drought (MSD) in the northwestern parts of the island. Importantly, extreme rainfall events on sub-daily and daily time scales also become slightly less frequent in the projected mid-twenty-first-century climate over most regions of the island.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-017-2130-x","usgsCitation":"Bhardwaj, A., Misra, V., Mishra, A., Adrienne Wootten, Boyles, R.P., Bowden, J., and Terando, A.J., 2018, Downscaling future climate change projections over Puerto Rico using a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model: Climatic Change, v. 147, no. 1-2, p. 133-147, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2130-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"147","ipdsId":"IP-077134","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.4066162109375,\n 17.814071002942764\n ],\n [\n -65.56915283203125,\n 17.814071002942764\n ],\n [\n -65.56915283203125,\n 18.609807415471877\n ],\n [\n -67.4066162109375,\n 18.609807415471877\n ],\n [\n -67.4066162109375,\n 17.814071002942764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhardwaj, Amit","contributorId":221025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhardwaj","given":"Amit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misra, Vasubandhu","contributorId":63520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"Vasubandhu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mishra, A.","contributorId":53129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mishra","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adrienne Wootten","contributorId":127631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adrienne Wootten","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyles, Ryan P. 0000-0001-9272-867X rboyles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-867X","contributorId":197670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyles","given":"Ryan","email":"rboyles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowden, J.H.","contributorId":174320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowden","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":173447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70198929,"text":"70198929 - 2018 - Temperate and tropical forest canopies are already functioning beyond their thermal thresholds for photosynthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T14:25:23","indexId":"70198929","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-22T14:25:06","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperate and tropical forest canopies are already functioning beyond their thermal thresholds for photosynthesis","docAbstract":"Tropical tree species have evolved under very narrow temperature ranges compared to temperate forest species. Studies suggest that tropical trees may be more vulnerable to continued warming compared to temperate species, as tropical trees have shown declines in growth and photosynthesis at elevated temperatures. However, regional and global vegetation models lack the data needed to accurately represent such physiological responses to increased temperatures, especially for tropical forests. To address this need, we compared instantaneous photosynthetic temperature responses of mature canopy foliage, leaf temperatures, and air temperatures across vertical canopy gradients in three forest types: tropical wet, tropical moist, and temperate deciduous. Temperatures at which maximum photosynthesis occurred were greater in the tropical forests canopies than the temperate canopy (30 ± 0.3 °C vs. 27 ± 0.4 °C). However, contrary to expectations that tropical species would be functioning closer to threshold temperatures, photosynthetic temperature optima was exceeded by maximum daily leaf temperatures, resulting in sub-optimal rates of carbon assimilation for much of the day, especially in upper canopy foliage (>10 m). If trees are unable to thermally acclimate to projected elevated temperatures, these forests may shift from net carbon sinks to sources, with potentially dire implications to climate feedbacks and forest community composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/f9010047","usgsCitation":"Mau, A.C., Reed, S.C., Wood, T.E., and Cavaleri, M.A., 2018, Temperate and tropical forest canopies are already functioning beyond their thermal thresholds for photosynthesis: Forests, v. 9, no. 1, Article 47; 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/f9010047.","productDescription":"Article 47; 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-094050","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9010047","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a30de4b0702d0e843023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mau, Alida C.","contributorId":207291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mau","given":"Alida","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37512,"text":"School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Tana E.","contributorId":202372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Tana","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36399,"text":"International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Rio Piedras, PR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cavaleri, Molly A.","contributorId":206282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cavaleri","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34284,"text":"School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227627,"text":"70227627 - 2018 - Evaluation of a decoy-only public good hunting opportunity in central South Dakota: The role of harvest success on hunter satisfaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T13:02:32.950009","indexId":"70227627","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-21T07:01:14","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of a decoy-only public good hunting opportunity in central South Dakota: The role of harvest success on hunter satisfaction","docAbstract":"An important measure of success for wildlife managers is hunter satisfaction, and it often has been assumed that harvest success is related to satisfaction and may even be a surrogate measure for hunter satisfaction. However, introduction of the multiple satisfactions concept, showing that hunters seek and receive a number of benefits from hunting in addition to harvest success, has directed research into the factors associated with hunter satisfaction and the relevant role of harvest success. In 1998, the South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks Department (SDGFP) established the Lower Oahe Waterfowl Hunting Access Area (LOWHAA) located approximately 15 miles north of Pierre, South Dakota. It was managed to provide a variety of quality goose hunting opportunities along the Missouri River. Part of the package included field decoy-only areas with limited access, via registration, to ensure an uncrowded goose hunting experience. The registration process for gaining access included collecting harvest information and a question measuring hunters’ satisfaction. A review of data collected by the SDGFP (1998 – 2011) measuring hunting participation, harvest, and satisfaction with the day’s hunting experience at the decoy-only unit of the LOWHAA revealed a strong relationship between goose harvest and satisfaction of the hunting party, but also identified a segment of hunters for whom harvest success was not related to satisfaction. A better understanding of this segment of hunters may identify factors that managers can influence to maintain or increase hunter satisfaction.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Gigliotti, L.M., 2018, Evaluation of a decoy-only public good hunting opportunity in central South Dakota: The role of harvest success on hunter satisfaction, in Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, v. 97, p. 23-34.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-043795","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative evaluation of crowding stress on muscle HSP90 and myostatin expression in salmonids","docAbstract":"Stress is a major factor that contributes to poor production and animal welfare concerns in aquaculture. As such, a thorough understanding of mechanisms involved in the stress response is imperative to developing strategies to mitigate the negative side effects of stressors, including the impact of high stocking densities on growth. The purpose of this study was to determine how the muscle growth inhibitor, myostatin, and the stress-responsive gene HSP90 are regulated in response to crowding stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). All species exhibited higher cortisol and glucose levels following the handling stress, indicating physiological response to the treatment. Additionally, all species, except rainbow trout, exhibited higher HSP90 levels in muscle after a 48 h crowding stress. Crowding stress resulted in a decrease of myostatin-1ain brook trout white muscle but not red muscle, while, myostatin-1a and -2a levels increased in white muscle and myostatin-1b levels increased in red muscle in Atlantic salmon. In rainbow trout, no significant changes were detected in either muscle type, but myostatin-1awas upregulated in both white and red skeletal muscle in the closely related cutthroat trout. The variation in response to crowding suggests a complex and species-specific interaction between stress and the muscle gene regulation in these salmonids. Only Atlantic salmon and cutthroat trout exhibited increased muscle myostatin transcription, and also exhibited the largest increase in circulating glucose in response to crowding. These results suggest that species-specific farming practices should be carefully examined in order to optimize low stress culture conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.10.019","usgsCitation":"Galt, N.J., Froehlich, J.M., McCormick, S.D., and Biga, P.R., 2018, A comparative evaluation of crowding stress on muscle HSP90 and myostatin expression in salmonids: Aquaculture, v. 483, p. 141-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.10.019.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","ipdsId":"IP-083617","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"483","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee750e4b0da30c1bfc222","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galt, Nicholas J.","contributorId":178558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galt","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froehlich, Jacob Michael","contributorId":178559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Froehlich","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biga, Peggy R.","contributorId":178560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biga","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206410,"text":"70206410 - 2018 - Near-surface permafrost aggradation in Northern Hemisphere peatlands shows regional and global trends during the past 6000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-26T12:51:38","indexId":"70206410","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-19T12:28:51","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3562,"text":"The Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-surface permafrost aggradation in Northern Hemisphere peatlands shows regional and global trends during the past 6000 years","docAbstract":"The history of permafrost aggradation and thaw in northern peatlands can serve as an indicator of regional climatic history in regions where records are sparse. We infer regional trends in the timing of permafrost aggradation and thaw in North American and Eurasian peatland ecosystems based on plant macrofossils and peat properties using existing peat core records from more than 250 cores. Results indicate that permafrost was continuously present in peatlands during the last 6000 years in some present-day continuous permafrost zones and formed after 6000 BP in peatlands in the isolated to discontinuous permafrost regions. Rates of permafrost aggradation in peatlands generally increased after 3000 BP and were greatest between 750 and 0 BP, corresponding with neoglacial cooling and the Little Ice Age (LIA), respectively. Peak periods of permafrost thaw occurred after 250 BP, when permafrost aggradation in peatlands reached its maximum extent and as temperatures began warming after the LIA, suggesting that permafrost thaw is likely to continue in the future. The broader correlation of permafrost aggradation in peatlands with known climatic trends and other proxies such as pollen records suggests that this record can be a valuable addition to regional climate reconstructions.","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/0959683617752858","usgsCitation":"Treat, C.C., and Jones, M., 2018, Near-surface permafrost aggradation in Northern Hemisphere peatlands shows regional and global trends during the past 6000 years: The Holocene, v. 28, no. 6, p. 998-1010, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683617752858.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"998","endPage":"1010","ipdsId":"IP-090256","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/a42b0ee1-15b7-4e12-b6f0-2bb5c3c141c1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treat, Claire C.","contributorId":150798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treat","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Miriam 0000-0002-6650-7619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":201994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":774462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70248916,"text":"70248916 - 2018 - VS2DRTI: Simulating heat and reactive solute transport in variably saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-26T11:47:36.049733","indexId":"70248916","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-19T06:44:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VS2DRTI: Simulating heat and reactive solute transport in variably saturated porous media","docAbstract":"Variably saturated groundwater flow, heat transport, and solute transport are important processes in environmental phenomena, such as the natural evolution of water chemistry of aquifers and streams, the storage of radioactive waste in a geologic repository, the contamination of water resources from acid-rock drainage, and the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. Up to now, our ability to simulate these processes simultaneously with fully coupled reactive transport models has been limited to complex and often difficult-to-use models. To address the need for a simple and easy-to-use model, the VS2DRTI software package has been developed for simulating water flow, heat transport, and reactive solute transport through variably saturated porous media. The underlying numerical model, VS2DRT, was created by coupling the flow and transport capabilities of the VS2DT and VS2DH models with the equilibrium and kinetic reaction capabilities of PhreeqcRM. Flow capabilities include two-dimensional, constant-density, variably saturated flow; transport capabilities include both heat and multicomponent solute transport; and the reaction capabilities are a complete implementation of geochemical reactions of PHREEQC. The graphical user interface includes a preprocessor for building simulations and a postprocessor for visual display of simulation results. To demonstrate the simulation of multiple processes, the model is applied to a hypothetical example of injection of heated waste water to an aquifer with temperature-dependent cation exchange. VS2DRTI is freely available public domain software.