{"pageNumber":"906","pageRowStart":"22625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40797,"records":[{"id":70033623,"text":"70033623 - 2008 - Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:46:38","indexId":"70033623","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"The abandoned Valzinco mine, which worked a steeply dipping Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit in the Virginia Au-pyrite belt, contributed significant metal-laden acid-mine drainage to the Knight's Branch watershed. The host rocks were dominated by metamorphosed felsic volcanic rocks, which offered limited acid-neutralizing potential. The ores were dominated by pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite, which represented significant acid-generating potential. Acid-base accounting and leaching studies of flotation tailings - the dominant mine waste at the site - indicated that they were acid generating and therefore, should have liberated significant quantities of metals to solution. Field studies of mine drainage from the site confirmed that mine drainage and the impacted stream waters had pH values from 1.1 to 6.4 and exceeded aquatic ecosystem toxicity limits for Fe, Al, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Stable isotope studies of water, dissolved SO42 -, and primary and secondary sulfate and sulfide minerals indicated that two distinct sulfide oxidation pathways were operative at the site: one dominated by Fe(III) as the oxidant, and another by molecular O2 as the oxidant. Reaction-path modeling suggested that geochemical interactions between tailings and waters approached a steady state within about a year. Both leaching studies and geochemical reaction-path modeling provided reasonable predictions of the mine-drainage chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.001","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., Hammarstrom, J.M., Johnson, A., Piatak, N., and Wandless, G., 2008, Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 320-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.001.","startPage":"320","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.001"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c6e4b0c8380cd52068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, A.N.","contributorId":49195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatak, N.M. 0000-0002-1973-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":46636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wandless, G.A.","contributorId":107716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033618,"text":"70033618 - 2008 - Differences in phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033618","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"Seasonal hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been linked to increased nitrogen fluxes from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basins, though recent evidence shows that phosphorus also influences productivity in the Gulf. We developed a spatially explicit and structurally detailed SPARROW water-quality model that reveals important differences in the sources and transport processes that control nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to the Gulf. Our model simulations indicate that agricultural sources in the watersheds contribute more than 70% of the delivered N and P. However, corn and soybean cultivation is the largest contributor of N (52%), followed by atmospheric deposition sources (16%); whereas P originates primarily from animal manure on pasture and rangelands (37%), followed by corn and soybeans (25%), other crops (18%), and urban sources (12%). The fraction of in-stream P and N load delivered to the Gulf increases with stream size, but reservoir trapping of P causes large local- and regional-scale differences in delivery. Our results indicate the diversity of management approaches required to achieve efficient control of nutrient loads to the Gulf. These include recognition of important differences in the agricultural sources of N and P, the role of atmospheric N, attention to P sources downstream from reservoirs, and better control of both N and P in close proximity to large rivers. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0716103","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., Schwarz, G., Boyer, E., Nolan, J., and Brakebill, J., 2008, Differences in phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 822-830, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0716103.","startPage":"822","endPage":"830","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476686,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es0716103","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0716103"},{"id":242221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f0e4b0c8380cd4f9da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nolan, J.V.","contributorId":14653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brakebill, J. W.","contributorId":48206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033615,"text":"70033615 - 2008 - Winter fidelity and apparent survival of lesser snow goose populations in the Pacific flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033615","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter fidelity and apparent survival of lesser snow goose populations in the Pacific flyway","docAbstract":"The Beringia region of the Arctic contains 2 colonies of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) breeding on Wrangel Island, Russia, and Banks Island, Canada, and wintering in North America. The Wrangel Island population is composed of 2 subpopulations from a sympatric breeding colony but separate wintering areas, whereas the Banks Island population shares a sympatric wintering area in California, USA, with one of the Wrangel Island subpopulations. The Wrangel Island colony represents the last major snow goose population in Russia and has fluctuated considerably since 1970, whereas the Banks Island population has more than doubled. The reasons for these changes are unclear, but hypotheses include independent population demographics (survival and recruitment) and immigration and emigration among breeding or wintering populations. These demographic and movement patterns have important ecological and management implications for understanding goose population structure, harvest of admixed populations, and gene flow among populations with separate breeding or wintering areas. From 1993 to 1996, we neckbanded molting birds at their breeding colonies and resighted birds on the wintering grounds. We used multistate mark-recapture models to evaluate apparent survival rates, resighting rates, winter fidelity, and potential exchange among these populations. We also compared the utility of face stain in Wrangel Island breeding geese as a predictor of their wintering area. Our results showed similar apparent survival rates between subpopulations of Wrangel Island snow geese and lower apparent survival, but higher emigration, for the Banks Island birds. Males had lower apparent survival than females, most likely due to differences in neckband loss. Transition between wintering areas was low (<3%), with equal movement between northern and southern wintering areas for Wrangel Island birds and little evidence of exchange between the Banks and northern Wrangel Island populations. Face staining was an unreliable indicator of wintering area. Our findings suggest that northern and southern Wrangel Island subpopulations should be considered a metapopulation in better understanding and managing Pacific Flyway lesser snow geese. Yet the absence of a strong population connection between Banks Island and Wrangel Island geese suggests that these breeding colonies can be managed as separate but overlapping populations. Additionally, winter population fidelity may be more important in lesser snow geese than in other species, and both breeding and wintering areas are important components of population management for sympatric wintering populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2005-748","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Williams, C., Samuel, M., Baranyuk, V.V., Cooch, E., and Kraege, D.K., 2008, Winter fidelity and apparent survival of lesser snow goose populations in the Pacific flyway: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 159-167, https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-748.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2005-748"},{"id":242157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd14de4b08c986b32f34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, C.K.","contributorId":8301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baranyuk, Vasily V.","contributorId":75482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baranyuk","given":"Vasily","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraege, Donald K.","contributorId":19738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraege","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033614,"text":"70033614 - 2008 - Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:41:42","indexId":"70033614","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p>Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide is examined in experimental mixtures of metal-rich acid rock drainage and relatively pure river water and during batch adsorption experiments using synthetic ferrihydrite. A diverse set of Cu- and Zn-bearing solutions was examined, including natural waters, complex synthetic acid rock drainage, and simple NaNO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>electrolyte. Metal adsorption data are combined with isotopic measurements of dissolved Cu (<sup>65</sup>Cu/<sup>63</sup>Cu) and Zn (<sup>66</sup>Zn/<sup>64</sup>Zn) in each of the experiments. Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes occurs during adsorption of the metal onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. The adsorption data are modeled successfully using the diffuse double layer model in PHREEQC. The isotopic data are best described by a closed system, equilibrium exchange model. The fractionation factors (<i>α</i><sub>soln–solid</sub>) are 0.99927&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00008 for Cu and 0.99948&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00004 for Zn or, alternately, the separation factors (<i>Δ</i><sub>soln–solid</sub>) are −0.73&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.08‰ for Cu and −0.52&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.04‰ for Zn. These factors indicate that the heavier isotope preferentially adsorbs onto the oxyhydroxide surface, which is consistent with shorter metal–oxygen bonds and lower coordination number for the metal at the surface relative to the aqueous ion. Fractionation of Cu isotopes also is greater than that for Zn isotopes. Limited isotopic data for adsorption of Cu, Fe(II), and Zn onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide suggest that isotopic fractionation is related to the intrinsic equilibrium constants that define aqueous metal interactions with oxyhydroxide surface sites. Greater isotopic fractionation occurs with stronger metal binding by the oxyhydroxide with Cu&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Zn&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Fe(II).</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Borrok, D., Wanty, R., and Ridley, W., 2008, Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 2, p. 311-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"328","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13a8e4b0c8380cd54715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borrok, D.M.","contributorId":38775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033612,"text":"70033612 - 2008 - Rain‐induced subsurface airflow and Lisse effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:48:56","indexId":"70033612","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rain‐induced subsurface airflow and Lisse effect","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water‐level increase after rainfall is usually indicative of rainfall recharge to groundwater. This, however, may not be true if the Lisse effect occurs. This effect represents the water‐level increase in a well driven by airflow induced by an advancing wetting front during highly intensive rains. The rainwater, which may behave like a low‐permeability lid, seals the ground surface so that the air pressure beneath the wetting front is increased because of air compression due to downward movement of the wetting front. A rapid and substantial rise of the water level in the well screened below water table, which bears no relationship to groundwater recharge, can be induced when various factors such as soil properties and the rain‐runoff condition combine favorably. A transient, three‐dimensional and variably saturated flow model was employed to study the air and groundwater flows in the soil under rain conditions. The objectives of this paper are two‐fold: to evaluate the reliability of the theory of the Lisse effect presented by Weeks to predict its magnitude in modeled situations that mimic the physical complexity of real aquifers, and to conduct parametric studies on the sensitivity of the water‐level rise in the well to soil properties and the rain event. The simulation results reveal that the magnitude of the Lisse effect increases with the ponding depth. Soil permeability plays a key role in generating the Lisse effect. The water‐level rise in the well is delayed relative to the air‐pressure rise in the unsaturated zone when the soil permeability is low, and the maximum water‐level rise is less than the maximum air pressure induced by rain infiltration. The simulation also explores the sensitivity of the Lisse effect to the van Genuchten parameters and the water table depth.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006294","usgsCitation":"Guo, H., Jiao, J.J., and Weeks, E.P., 2008, Rain‐induced subsurface airflow and Lisse effect: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 7, Article W07409; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006294.","productDescription":"Article W07409; 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a944ae4b0c8380cd81301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Haipeng","contributorId":152547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Haipeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiao, Jiu J.","contributorId":80132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiao","given":"Jiu","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":441671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033598,"text":"70033598 - 2008 - High resolution shallow geologic characterization of a late Pleistocene eolian environment using ground penetrating radar and optically stimulated luminescence techniques: North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033598","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High resolution shallow geologic characterization of a late Pleistocene eolian environment using ground penetrating radar and optically stimulated luminescence techniques: North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"Geophysical surveys, sedimentology, and optically-stimulated luminescence age analyses were used to assess the geologic development of a coastal system near Swansboro, NC. This area is a significant Woodland Period Native American habitation and is designated the \"Broad Reach\" archaeological site. 2-d and 3-d subsurface geophysical surveys were performed using a ground penetrating radar system to define the stratigraphic framework and depositional facies. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed for grain-size to determine depositional environments. Samples were acquired and analyzed using optically stimulated luminescence techniques to derive the depositional age of the various features. The data support a low eolian to shallow subtidal coastal depositional setting for this area. Li-DAR data reveal ridge and swale topography, most likely related to beach ridges, and eolian features including low-relief, low-angle transverse and parabolic dunes, blowouts, and a low-relief eolian sand sheet. Geophysical data reveal dominantly seaward dipping units, and low-angle mounded features. Sedimentological data reveal mostly moderately-well to well-sorted fine-grained symmetrical to coarse skewed sands, suggesting initial aqueous transport and deposition, followed by eolian reworking and bioturbation. OSL data indicate initial coastal deposition prior to ca. 45,000 yBP, followed by eolian reworking and low dune stabilization at ca. 13,000 to 11,500 yBP, and again at ca. 10,000 yBP (during, and slightly after the Younger Dryas chronozone).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Mallinson, D., Mahan, S., and Moore, C., 2008, High resolution shallow geologic characterization of a late Pleistocene eolian environment using ground penetrating radar and optically stimulated luminescence techniques: North Carolina, USA: Southeastern Geology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 161-177.","startPage":"161","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30d1e4b0c8380cd5d991","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallinson, D.","contributorId":93686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, S.","contributorId":98894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Christine","contributorId":21774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033587,"text":"70033587 - 2008 - Collaboration tools and techniques for large model datasets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T12:24:46","indexId":"70033587","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Collaboration tools and techniques for large model datasets","docAbstract":"In MREA and many other marine applications, it is common to have multiple models running with different grids, run by different institutions. Techniques and tools are described for low-bandwidth delivery of data from large multidimensional datasets, such as those from meteorological and oceanographic models, directly into generic analysis and visualization tools. Output is stored using the NetCDF CF Metadata Conventions, and then delivered to collaborators over the web via OPeNDAP. OPeNDAP datasets served by different institutions are then organized via THREDDS catalogs. Tools and procedures are then used which enable scientists to explore data on the original model grids using tools they are familiar with. It is also low-bandwidth, enabling users to extract just the data they require, an important feature for access from ship or remote areas. The entire implementation is simple enough to be handled by modelers working with their webmasters - no advanced programming support is necessary. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.013","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Carniel, S., Chiggiato, J., Janekovic, I., Pullen, J., and Sherwood, C.R., 2008, Collaboration tools and techniques for large model datasets: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 154-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.013.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"161","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2050","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7abe4b0c8380cd4cc3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carniel, S.","contributorId":47504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carniel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiggiato, J.","contributorId":47065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiggiato","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janekovic, I.","contributorId":69796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janekovic","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pullen, J.","contributorId":34339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033585,"text":"70033585 - 2008 - A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033585","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS","docAbstract":"Soon after the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft entered orbit about Saturn on 1 July 2004, its Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer obtained two continuous spectral scans across the rings, covering the wavelength range 0.35-5.1 ??m, at a spatial resolution of 15-25 km. The first scan covers the outer C and inner B rings, while the second covers the Cassini Division and the entire A ring. Comparisons of the VIMS radial reflectance profile at 1.08 ??m with similar profiles at a wavelength of 0.45 ??m assembled from Voyager images show very little change in ring structure over the intervening 24 years, with the exception of a few features already known to be noncircular. A model for single-scattering by a classical, many-particle-thick slab of material with normal optical depths derived from the Voyager photopolarimeter stellar occultation is found to provide an excellent fit to the observed VIMS reflectance profiles for the C ring and Cassini Division, and an acceptable fit for the inner B ring. The A ring deviates significantly from such a model, consistent with previous suggestions that this region may be closer to a monolayer. An additional complication here is the azimuthally-variable average optical depth associated with \"self-gravity wakes\" in this region and the fact that much of the A ring may be a mixture of almost opaque wakes and relatively transparent interwake zones. Consistently with previous studies, we find that the near-infrared spectra of all main ring regions are dominated by water ice, with a typical regolith grain radius of 5-20 ??m, while the steep decrease in visual reflectance shortward of 0.6 ??m is suggestive of an organic contaminant, perhaps tholin-like. Although no materials other than H2O ice have been identified with any certainty in the VIMS spectra of the rings, significant radial variations are seen in the strength of the water-ice absorption bands. Across the boundary between the C and B rings, over a radial range of ???7000 km, the near-IR band depths strengthen considerably. A very similar pattern is seen across the outer half of the Cassini Division and into the inner A ring, accompanied by a steepening of the red slope in the visible spectrum shortward of 0.55 ??m. We attribute these trends-as well as smaller-scale variations associated with strong density waves in the A ring-to differing grain sizes in the tholin-contaminated icy regolith that covers the surfaces of the decimeter-to-meter sized ring particles. On the largest scale, the spectral variations seen by VIMS suggest that the rings may be divided into two larger 'ring complexes,' with similar internal variations in structure, optical depth, particle size, regolith texture and composition. The inner complex comprises the C and B rings, while the outer comprises the Cassini Division and A ring. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.036","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, P.D., Hedman, M., Clark, R.N., Showalter, M., Cruikshank, D.P., Cuzzi, J., Filacchione, G., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Hansen, G.B., Sicardy, B., Drossart, P., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Baines, K.H., and Coradini, A., 2008, A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS: Icarus, v. 193, no. 1, p. 182-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.036.","startPage":"182","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214461,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.036"},{"id":242189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e345e4b0c8380cd45f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedman, M.M.","contributorId":91694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedman","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Showalter, M.R.","contributorId":24992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cuzzi, J.N.","contributorId":53962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuzzi","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70033575,"text":"70033575 - 2008 - Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 1. Revised conceptualization of groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:41:54","indexId":"70033575","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 1. Revised conceptualization of groundwater flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Biscayne aquifer is a highly transmissive karst limestone that serves as the sole source of drinking water to over two million residents in south Florida. The aquifer is characterized by eogenetic karst, where the most transmissive void space can be an interconnected, touching‐vug, biogenically influenced porosity of biogenic origin. Public supply wells in the aquifer are in close proximity to lakes established by surface mining. The mining of the limestone has occurred to the same depths as the production wells, which has raised concerns about pathogen and chemical transport from these surface water bodies. Hydraulic and forced gradient tracer tests were conducted to augment geologic and geophysical studies and to develop a hydrogeologic conceptual model of groundwater flow and chemical transport in the Biscayne aquifer. Geologic and geophysical data indicate multiple, areally extensive subhorizontal preferential flow zones of vuggy limestone separated by rock with a matrix pore system. The hydraulic response from an aquifer test suggests that the Biscayne aquifer behaves as a dual‐porosity medium; however, the results of the tracer test showed rapid transport similar to other types of karst. The tracer test and concurrent temperature logging revealed that only one of the touching‐vug flow zones dominates transport near the production wells. On the basis of the rising limb of the breakthrough curve, the dispersivity is estimated to be less than 3% of the tracer travel distance, which suggests that the fastest flow paths in the formation are likely to yield limited dilution of chemical constituents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006058","usgsCitation":"Renken, R.A., Cunningham, K.J., Shapiro, A.M., Harvey, R.W., Zygnerski, M.R., Metge, D.W., and Wacker, M.A., 2008, Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 1. Revised conceptualization of groundwater flow: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 8, W08429; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006058.","productDescription":"W08429; 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006058","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7595e4b0c8380cd77c14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":441504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zygnerski, Michael R.","contributorId":25469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70009744,"text":"70009744 - 2008 - A simulation/optimization model for groundwater resources management in the Afram Plains area, Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70009744","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation/optimization model for groundwater resources management in the Afram Plains area, Ghana","docAbstract":"A groundwater flow simulation model was developed using available hydrogeo logical data to A groundwater flow simulation model was developed using available hydrogeological data to describe groundwater flow in the Afram Plains area. A nonlinear optimization model was then developed and solved for the management of groundwater resources to meet irrigation and household needs. The objective was to maximize groundwater extraction for irrigation activities from the shallow aquifers of the southern Voltaian Sedimentary Basin that underly the area This would improve food security, raise the standard of living and ultimately alleviate poverty in the Afram Plains. The calibrated flow model is in tandem with the general hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the area and fits the observed data with about a 98% degree of confidence. Groundwater resources may not be the limiting factor in the development of irrigated agriculture. Groundwater has tremendous potential to meet current and future irrigation needs. It was determined from this study that profit from maize irrigation in the Afram Plains area could rise from US$301, 000 in 2007 to over US$3.5 million by the end of the last management period (2013) as irrigation practice is improved, and the economic strength to increase the acreage for irrigation improves. Even with these margins of profit, the drawdown constraint was not reached in any of the management periods. It is expected that rechargefrom the irrigation water would reclaim the lost hydraulic head. The single significant constraint was the amount of land area that could be developed for irrigation in the area. The profit obtained per unit cubic meter of water used also improved over the same management period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10583912","usgsCitation":"Yidana, S., 2008, A simulation/optimization model for groundwater resources management in the Afram Plains area, Ghana: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 16, p. 1-14.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e598e4b0c8380cd46e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033434,"text":"70033434 - 2008 - Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033434","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering","docAbstract":"Continents ride high above the ocean floor because they are underlain by thick, low-density, Si-rich, and Mg-poor crust. However, the parental magmas of continents were basaltic, which means they must have lost Mg relative to Si during their maturation into continents. Igneous differentiation followed by lower crustal delamination and chemical weathering followed by subduction recycling are possible solutions, but the relative magnitudes of each process have never been quantitatively constrained because of the lack of appropriate data. Here, we show that the relative contributions of these processes can be obtained by simultaneous examination of Mg and Li (an analog for Mg) on the regional and global scales in arcs, delaminated lower crust, and river waters. At least 20% of Mg is lost from continents by weathering, which translates into >20% of continental mass lost by weathering (40% by delamination). Chemical weathering leaves behind a more Si-rich and Mg-poor crust, which is less dense and hence decreases the probability of crustal recycling by subduction. Net continental growth is thus modulated by chemical weathering and likely influenced by secular changes in weathering mechanisms. ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0711143105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., Morton, D.M., Little, M., Kistler, R., Horodyskyj, U., Leeman, W., and Agranier, A., 2008, Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 13, p. 4981-4986, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711143105.","startPage":"4981","endPage":"4986","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487732,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00305310","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711143105"},{"id":242046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d5e4b0e8fec6cdc027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, C.-T.A.","contributorId":20549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Little, M.G.","contributorId":31998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kistler, R.","contributorId":92878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horodyskyj, U.N.","contributorId":45130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horodyskyj","given":"U.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leeman, W.P.","contributorId":7841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeman","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Agranier, A.","contributorId":35136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agranier","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033433,"text":"70033433 - 2008 - A laboratory study of particle ploughing and pore-pressure feedback: A velocity-weakening mechanism for soft glacier beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033433","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A laboratory study of particle ploughing and pore-pressure feedback: A velocity-weakening mechanism for soft glacier beds","docAbstract":"If basal-water discharge and pressure are sufficiently high, a soft-bedded glacier will slip over its bed by ploughing, the process in which particles that span the ice-bed interface are dragged across the bed surface. Results of laboratory experiments indicate that resistance to ploughing can decrease with increasing ploughing velocity (velocity weakening). During ploughing at various velocities (15-400 ma-1), till was compacted in front of idealized particles, causing pore pressures there that were orders of magnitude higher than the ambient value. This excess pore pressure locally weakened the till in shear, thereby decreasing ploughing resistance by a factor of 3.0-6.6 with a six-fold increase in ploughing velocity. Characteristic timescales of pore-pressure diffusion and compaction down-glacier from ploughing particles depend on till diffusivity, ploughing velocity and sizes of ploughing particles. These timescales accurately predict the ranges of these variables over which excess pore pressure and velocity weakening occurred. Existing ploughing models do not account for velocity weakening. A new ploughing model with no adjustable parameters predicts ploughing resistance to no worse than 38% but requires that excess pore pressures be measured. Velocity weakening by this mechanism may affect fast glacier flow, sediment transport by bed deformation and basal seismicity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/002214308784409008","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Thomason, J., and Iverson, N., 2008, A laboratory study of particle ploughing and pore-pressure feedback: A velocity-weakening mechanism for soft glacier beds: Journal of Glaciology, v. 54, no. 184, p. 169-181, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409008.","startPage":"169","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476763,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409008"},{"id":242012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42ee4b0c8380cd4648d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomason, J.F.","contributorId":11745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomason","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, N.R.","contributorId":19682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033422,"text":"70033422 - 2008 - Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033422","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea","docAbstract":"The largest known eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the late Quaternary was the Inararo Tuff Formation (ITF) eruption, roughly estimated as five times larger than the 1991 eruption. The precise age of the ITF eruption has been uncertain. Here, a correlative of the ITF eruption, Layer D, is identified in marine sediments, and an age obtained. Tephras were identified in core MD97-2142 of Leg II of the IMAGES III cruise in northern offshore of Palawan, southeastern South China Sea (12??41.33???N, 119??27.90???E). On the basis of the geochemical and isotopic fingerprints, Layer D can be correlated with the ITF eruption of the modern Pinatubo-eruption sequence. By means of the MD97-2142 SPECMAP chronology, Layer D was dated at around 81??2 ka. This estimated age of the ITF eruption and tephra Layer D coincides with an anomalously high SO4-2 spike occurring within the 5 millennia from 79 to 84 ka in the GISP2 ice core record. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Ku, Y., Chen, C., Newhall, C.G., Song, S., Yang, T., Iizuka, Y., and McGeehin, J., 2008, Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 138-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025.","startPage":"138","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffebe4b0c8380cd4f48d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ku, Y.-P.","contributorId":47169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, C.-H.","contributorId":62029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Song, S.-R.","contributorId":71004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"S.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, T.F.","contributorId":60861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iizuka, Y.","contributorId":76949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iizuka","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033415,"text":"70033415 - 2008 - Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033415","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","docAbstract":"Plants and animals affect morphological evolution in many environments. The term \"ecogeomorphology\" describes studies that address such effects. In this opinion article we use the term \"biomorphodynamics\" to characterize a subset of ecogeomorphologic studies: those that investigate not only the effects of organisms on physical processes and morphology but also how the biological processes depend on morphology and physical forcing. The two-way coupling precipitates feedbacks, leading to interesting modes of behavior, much like the coupling between flow/sediment transport and morphology leads to rich morphodynamic behaviors. Select examples illustrate how even the basic aspects of some systems cannot be understood without considering biomorphodynamic coupling. Prominent examples include the dynamic interactions between vegetation and flow/sediment transport that can determine river channel patterns and the multifaceted biomorphodynamic feedbacks shaping tidal marshes and channel networks. These examples suggest that the effects of morphology and physical processes on biology tend to operate over the timescale of the evolution of the morphological pattern. Thus, in field studies, which represent a snapshot in the pattern evolution, these effects are often not as obvious as the effects of biology on physical processes. However, numerical modeling indicates that the influences on biology from physical processes can play a key role in shaping landscapes and that even local and temporary vegetation disturbances can steer large-scale, long-term landscape evolution. The prevalence of biomorphodynamic research is burgeoning in recent years, driven by societal need and a confluence of complex systems-inspired modeling approaches in ecology and geomorphology. To make fundamental progress in understanding the dynamics of many landscapes, our community needs to increasingly learn to look for two-way, biomorphodynamic feedbacks and to collect new types of data to support the modeling of such emergent interactions. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006410","issn":"00431","usgsCitation":"Murray, A., Knaapen, M., Tal, M., and Kirwan, M.L., 2008, Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487782,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410"},{"id":240867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f192e4b0c8380cd4acef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, A.B.","contributorId":12598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knaapen, M.A.F.","contributorId":95692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaapen","given":"M.A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tal, M.","contributorId":19374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirwan, M. L.","contributorId":74094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033413,"text":"70033413 - 2008 - A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033413","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity","docAbstract":"Debris flow velocities are commonly back-calculated from superelevation events which require subjective estimates of radii of curvature of bends in the debris flow channel or predicted using flow equations that require the selection of appropriate rheological models and material property inputs. This research investigated difficulties associated with the use of these conventional velocity estimation methods. Radii of curvature estimates were found to vary with the extent of the channel investigated and with the scale of the media used, and back-calculated velocities varied among different investigated locations along a channel. Distinct populations of Bingham properties were found to exist between those measured by laboratory tests and those back-calculated from field data; thus, laboratory-obtained values would not be representative of field-scale debris flow behavior. To avoid these difficulties with conventional methods, a new preliminary velocity estimation method is presented that statistically relates flow velocity to the channel slope and the flow depth. This method presents ranges of reasonable velocity predictions based on 30 previously measured velocities. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0","issn":"16125","usgsCitation":"Prochaska, A., Santi, P., Higgins, J., and Cannon, S., 2008, A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity: Landslides, v. 5, no. 4, p. 431-444, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0.","startPage":"431","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0"},{"id":240865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5bfe4b0c8380cd46f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prochaska, A.B.","contributorId":80493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prochaska","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santi, P.M.","contributorId":82927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santi","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, J.D.","contributorId":37154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033404,"text":"70033404 - 2008 - Pesticide fate and transport throughout unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:41:00.03575","indexId":"70033404","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide fate and transport throughout unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings, USA","docAbstract":"<p>P<span>esticide transport through the unsaturated zone is a function of chemical and soil characteristics, application, and water recharge rate. The fate and transport of 82 pesticides and degradates were investigated at five different agricultural sites. Atrazine and metolachlor, as well as several of the degradates of atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and alachlor, were frequently detected in soil water during the 2004 growing season, and degradates were generally more abundant than parent compounds. Metolachlor and atrazine were applied at a Nebraska site the same year as sampling, and focused recharge coupled with the short time since application resulted in their movement in the unsaturated zone 9 m below the surface. At other sites where the herbicides were applied 1 to 2 yr before sampling, only degradates were found in soil water. Transformations of herbicides were evident with depth and during the 4-mo sampling time and reflected the faster degradation of metolachlor oxanilic acid and persistence of metolachor ethanesulfonic acid. The fraction of metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid relative to metolachlor and metolachlor oxanilic acid increased from 0.3 to &gt; 0.9 at a site in Maryland where the unsaturated zone was 5 m deep and from 0.3 to 0.5 at the shallowest depth. The flux of pesticide degradates from the deepest sites to the shallow ground water was greatest (3.0&ndash;4.9 &mu;mol m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>) where upland recharge or focused flow moved the most water through the unsaturated zone. Flux estimates based on estimated recharge rates and measured concentrations were in agreement with fluxes estimated using an unsaturated-zone computer model (LEACHM).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0024","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Hancock, T., Sandstrom, M.W., Vogel, J.R., Webb, R., Bayless, E., and Barbash, J., 2008, Pesticide fate and transport throughout unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings, USA: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1086-1100, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0024.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1086","endPage":"1100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science 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,{"id":70033399,"text":"70033399 - 2008 - Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:26:13","indexId":"70033399","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents a new, non-invasive means of quantifying groundwater discharge into marine waters using an eddy correlation approach. The method takes advantage of the fact that, in virtually all aquatic environments, the dominant mode of vertical transport near the sediment–water interface is turbulent mixing. The technique thus relies on measuring simultaneously the fluctuating vertical velocity using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and the fluctuating salinity and/or temperature using rapid-response conductivity and/or temperature sensors. The measurements are typically done at a height of 5–15 cm above the sediment surface, at a frequency of 16 to 64 Hz, and for a period of 15 to 60 min. If the groundwater salinity and/or temperature differ from that of the water column, the groundwater specific discharge (cm d− 1) can be quantified from either a heat or salt balance. Groundwater discharge was estimated with this new approach in Salt Pond, a small estuary on Cape Cod (MA, USA). Estimates agreed well with previous estimates of discharge measured using seepage meters and 222Rn as a tracer. The eddy correlation technique has several desirable characteristics: 1) discharge is quantified under in-situ hydrodynamic conditions; 2) salinity and temperature can serve as two semi-independent tracers of discharge; 3) discharge can be quantified at high temporal resolution, and 4) long-term records of discharge may be possible, due to the low power requirements of the instrumentation. <br><br></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.12.004","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Berg, P., Koopmans, D., and Erban, L., 2008, Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge: Marine Chemistry, v. 109, no. 1-2, p. 77-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.12.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"109","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05a6e4b0c8380cd50eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, P.","contributorId":79307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koopmans, D.J.","contributorId":95276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erban, L.","contributorId":16658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erban","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033394,"text":"70033394 - 2008 - Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033394","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements","docAbstract":"The surface of Enceladus consists almost completely of water ice. As the band depths of water ice absorptions are sensitive to the size of particles, absorptions can be used to map variations of icy particles across the surface. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed Enceladus with a high spatial resolution during three Cassini flybys in 2005 (orbits EN 003, EN 004 and EN 011). Based on these data we measured the band depths of water ice absorptions at 1.04, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 ??m. These band depths were compared to water ice models that represent theoretically calculated reflectance spectra for a range of particle diameters between 2 ??m and 1 mm. The agreement between the experimental (VIMS) and model values supports the assumption that pure water ice characterizes the surface of Enceladus and therefore that variations in band depth correspond to variations in water ice particle diameters. Our measurements show that the particle diameter of water ice increases toward younger tectonically altered surface units with the largest particles exposed in relatively \"fresh\" surface material. The smallest particles were generally found in old densely cratered terrains. The largest particles (???0.2 mm) are concentrated in the so called \"tiger stripes\" at the south pole. In general, the particle diameters are strongly correlated with geologic features and surface ages, indicating a stratigraphic evolution of the surface that is caused by cryovolcanic resurfacing and impact gardening. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Hansen, G.B., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Newman, S., Bellucci, G., Filacchione, G., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Griffith, C., Hibbitts, C.A., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sotin, C., and Wagner, R., 2008, Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements: Icarus, v. 193, no. 2, p. 407-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013.","startPage":"407","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487781,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00499083","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013"},{"id":240763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dae4b0c8380cd5021a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, S.F.","contributorId":35551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wagner, R.","contributorId":88859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70033388,"text":"70033388 - 2008 - Distribution of tsunami interevent times","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033388","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of tsunami interevent times","docAbstract":"The distribution of tsunami interevent times is analyzed using global and site-specific (Hilo, Hawaii) tsunami catalogs. An empirical probability density distribution is determined by binning the observed interevent times during a period in which the observation rate is approximately constant. The empirical distributions for both catalogs exhibit non-Poissonian behavior in which there is an abundance of short interevent times compared to an exponential distribution. Two types of statistical distributions are used to model this clustering behavior: (1) long-term clustering described by a universal scaling law, and (2) Omori law decay of aftershocks and triggered sources. The empirical and theoretical distributions all imply an increased hazard rate after a tsunami, followed by a gradual decrease with time approaching a constant hazard rate. Examination of tsunami sources suggests that many of the short interevent times are caused by triggered earthquakes, though the triggered events are not necessarily on the same fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL032690","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Parsons, T., 2008, Distribution of tsunami interevent times: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032690.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476807,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl032690","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213569,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032690"},{"id":241206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a030de4b0c8380cd5030d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030703,"text":"70030703 - 2008 - Long-term water quality and biological responses to multiple best management practices in Rock Creek, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030703","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term water quality and biological responses to multiple best management practices in Rock Creek, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblage data from 1981 to 2005 were assessed to evaluate the water quality and biological responses of a western trout stream to the implementation of multiple best management practices (BMPs) on irrigated cropland. Data from Rock Creek near Twin Falls, Idaho, a long-term monitoring site, were assembled from state and federal sources to provide the evaluation. Seasonal loads of the nonpoint source pollutants suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate-nitrite (NN) were estimated using a regression model with time-series streamflow data and constituent concentrations. Trends in the macroinvertebrate assemblages were evaluated using a number of biological metrics and nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination. Regression analysis found significant annual decreases in TP and SS flow-adjusted concentrations during the BMP implementation period from 1983 to 1990 of about 7 and 10%, respectively. These results are coincident with the implementation of multiple BMPs on about 75% of the irrigated cropland in the watershed. Macroinvertebrate assemblages during this time also responded with a change in taxa composition resulting in improved biotic index scores. Taxon specific TP and SS optima, empirically derived from a large national dataset, predicted a decrease in SS concentrations of about 37% (52 to 33 mg/l) and a decrease in TP concentrations of about 50% (0.20 to 0.10 mg/l) from 1981 to 1987. Decreasing trends in TP, SS, and NN pollutant loads were primarily the result of naturally low streamflow conditions during the BMP post-implementation period from 1993 to 2005. Trends in macroinvertebrate responses during 1993 to 2005 were confounded by the introduction of the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum), which approached densities of 100,000 per m 2 in riffle habitat. The occurrence of this invasive species appears to have caused a major shift in composition and function of the macroinvertebrate assemblages. ?? 2008 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Maret, T., MacCoy, D., and Carlisle, D., 2008, Long-term water quality and biological responses to multiple best management practices in Rock Creek, Idaho: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1248-1269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x.","startPage":"1248","endPage":"1269","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x"},{"id":239254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49b1e4b0c8380cd687f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, T.R.","contributorId":9015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCoy, D.E.","contributorId":47814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033374,"text":"70033374 - 2008 - The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"We used growth and diet data from a fishery-independent survey of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, acoustic estimates of prey density and biomass, and statistical catch-at-age modeling to study the influence of the year-class strength of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus on the prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan during the years 1992-1996 and 2001-2005. Alewives age 2 or younger were a large part of age-1 Chinook salmon diets but were not selectively fed upon by age-1 Chinook salmon in most years. Feeding by age-1 Chinook salmon on alewives age 2 or younger became selective as the biomass of alewives in that young age bracket increased, and age-1 Chinook salmon also fed selectively on young bloaters Coregonus hoyi when bloater density was high. Selection of older alewives decreased at high densities of alewives age 2 or younger and, in some cases, high densities of bloater. The weight and condition of age-1 Chinook salmon were not related to age-1 Chinook salmon abundance or prey abundance, but the abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in year t was positively related to the density of age-0 alewives in year t - 1. Our results suggest that alewife year-class strength exerts a positive bottom-up influence on age-1 Chinook salmon abundance, prey switching behavior by young Chinook salmon contributing to the stability of the predator-prey relationship between Chinook salmon and alewives. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-130.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Kiley, C., Claramunt, R., and Clapp, D., 2008, The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1683-1700, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1.","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1700","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1"},{"id":241106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad0ee4b08c986b32394a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiley, C.S.","contributorId":20985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiley","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claramunt, R.M.","contributorId":38760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clapp, D.F.","contributorId":90544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033355,"text":"70033355 - 2008 - Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033355","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We examined changes in water chemistry and copper (Cu) toxicity in three paired renewal and flow-through acute bioassays with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Test exposure methodology influenced both exposure water chemistry and measured Cu toxicity. Ammonia and organic carbon concentrations were higher and the fraction of dissolved Cu lower in renewal tests than in paired flow-through tests. Cu toxicity was also lower in renewal tests; 96 h dissolved Cu LC50 values were 7-60% higher than LC50s from matching flow-through tests. LC50 values in both types of tests were related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in exposure tanks. Increases in organic carbon concentrations in renewal tests were associated with reduced Cu toxicity, likely as a result of the lower bioavailability of Cu-organic carbon complexes. The biotic ligand model of acute Cu toxicity tended to underpredict toxicity in the presence of DOC. Model fits between predicted and observed toxicity were improved by assuming that only 50% of the measured DOC was reactive, and that this reactive fraction was present as fulvic acid. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Welsh, P., Lipton, J., Mebane, C., and Marr, J., 2008, Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 69, no. 2, p. 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003"},{"id":241029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b37e4b0c8380cd62319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, P.G.","contributorId":86980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipton, J.","contributorId":15841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marr, J.C.A.","contributorId":94108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marr","given":"J.C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033179,"text":"70033179 - 2008 - Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:29:12","indexId":"70033179","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea","docAbstract":"Sediment dispersal in the Adriatic Sea was evaluated using coupled three-dimensional circulation and sediment transport models, representing conditions from autumn 2002 through spring 2003. The calculations accounted for fluvial sources, resuspension by waves and currents, and suspended transport. Sediment fluxes peaked during southwestward Bora wind conditions that produced energetic waves and strengthened the Western Adriatic Coastal Current. Transport along the western Adriatic continental shelf was nearly always to the south, except during brief periods when northward Sirocco winds reduced the coastal current. Much of the modeled fluvial sediment deposition was near river mouths, such as the Po subaqueous delta. Nearly all Po sediment remained in the northern Adriatic. Material from rivers that drain the Apennine Mountains traveled farther before deposition than Po sediment, because it was modeled with a lower settling velocity. Fluvial sediment delivered to areas with high average bed shear stress was more highly dispersed than material delivered to more quiescent areas. Modeled depositional patterns were similar to observed patterns that have developed over longer timescales. Specifically, modeled Po sediment accumulation was thickest near the river mouth with a very thin deposit extending to the northeast, consistent with patterns of modern sediment texture in the northern Adriatic. Sediment resuspended from the bed and delivered by Apennine Rivers was preferentially deposited on the northern side of the Gargano Peninsula, in the location of thick Holocene accumulation. Deposition here was highest during Bora winds when convergences in current velocities and off-shelf flux enhanced delivery of material to the midshelf. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006JC003868","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Harris, C.K., Sherwood, C.R., Signell, R.P., Bever, A., and Warner, J., 2008, Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 113, no. 11, C11S03; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003868.","productDescription":"C11S03; 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003868","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Adriatic Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              18.47900390625,\n              39.85915479295669\n            ],\n            [\n              19.40185546875,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              19.44580078125,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              19.62158203125,\n              41.82045509614034\n            ],\n            [\n              18.17138671875,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              16.89697265625,\n              43.1811470593997\n            ],\n            [\n              15.1171875,\n              43.78695837311561\n            ],\n            [\n              14.52392578125,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              13.7548828125,\n              45.058001435398296\n            ],\n            [\n              13.5791015625,\n              45.47554027158593\n            ],\n            [\n              13.2275390625,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              12.32666015625,\n              45.537136680398596\n            ],\n            [\n              12.0849609375,\n              45.259422036351694\n            ],\n            [\n              12.568359375,\n              44.94924926661151\n            ],\n            [\n              12.28271484375,\n              44.574817404670306\n            ],\n            [\n              12.37060546875,\n              44.15068115978094\n            ],\n            [\n              13.5791015625,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ],\n            [\n              14.150390625,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              15.18310546875,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              16.2158203125,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              16.2158203125,\n              41.72213058512578\n            ],\n            [\n              15.908203125,\n              41.49212083968776\n            ],\n            [\n              17.55615234375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              18.30322265625,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              18.47900390625,\n              39.85915479295669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8984e4b08c986b316e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, C. 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,{"id":70033177,"text":"70033177 - 2008 - Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033177","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California","docAbstract":"Serpentine soils derived from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and their metamorphic derivatives (serpentinites) are chemically prohibitive for vegetative growth. Evaluating how serpentine vegetation is able to persist under these chemical conditions is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous factors (climate, relief, time, water availability, etc.) controlling and affecting plant growth. Here, the uptake, incorporation, and distribution of a wide variety of elements into the biomass of serpentine vegetation has been investigated relative to vegetation growing on an adjacent chert-derived soil. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, total N, soil extractable elements, total soil elemental compositions and plant digestions in conjunction with spider diagrams are utilized to determine the chemical relationships of these soil and plant systems. Plant available Mg and Ca in serpentine soils exceed values assessed in chert soils. Magnesium is nearly 3 times more abundant than Ca in the serpentine soils; however, the serpentine soils are not Ca deficient with Ca concentrations as high as 2235 mg kg-1. Calcium to Mg ratios (Ca:Mg) in both serpentine and chert vegetation are greater than one in both below and above ground tissues. Soil and plant chemistry analyses support that Ca is not a limiting factor for plant growth and that serpentine vegetation is actively moderating Mg uptake as well as tolerating elevated concentrations of bioavailable Mg. Additionally, results demonstrate that serpentine vegetation suppresses the uptake of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and Co into its biomass. The suppressed uptake of these metals mainly occurs in the plants' roots as evident by the comparatively lower metal concentrations present in above ground tissues (twigs, leaves and shoots). This research supports earlier studies that have suggested that ion uptake discrimination and ion suppression in the roots are major mechanisms for serpentine vegetation to tolerate the chemistry of serpentine soils. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.014","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Oze, C., Skinner, C., Schroth, A., and Coleman, R.G., 2008, Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 12, p. 3391-3403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.014.","startPage":"3391","endPage":"3403","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.014"},{"id":241124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ddde4b0c8380cd5c0c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oze, C.","contributorId":45524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oze","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, C.","contributorId":60448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroth, A.W.","contributorId":79707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, R. G.","contributorId":75170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033176,"text":"70033176 - 2008 - An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033176","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","docAbstract":"In the arid Mojave Desert, the phenological response of vegetation is largely dependent upon the timing and amount of rainfall, and maps of annual plant cover at any one point in time can vary widely. Our study developed relative annual plant growth models as proxies for annual plant cover using metrics that captured phenological variability in Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) satellite images. We used landscape phenologies revealed in MODIS data together with ecological knowledge of annual plant seasonality to develop a suite of metrics to describe annual growth on a yearly basis. Each of these metrics was applied to temporally-composited MODIS-EVI images to develop a relative model of annual growth. Each model was evaluated by testing how well it predicted field estimates of annual cover collected during 2003 and 2005 at the Mojave National Preserve. The best performing metric was the spring difference metric, which compared the average of three spring MODIS-EVI composites of a given year to that of 2002, a year of record drought. The spring difference metric showed correlations with annual plant cover of R2 = 0.61 for 2005 and R 2 = 0.47 for 2003. Although the correlation is moderate, we consider it supportive given the characteristics of the field data, which were collected for a different study in a localized area and are not ideal for calibration to MODIS pixels. A proxy for annual growth potential was developed from the spring difference metric of 2005 for use as an environmental data layer in desert tortoise habitat modeling. The application of the spring difference metric to other imagery years presents potential for other applications such as fuels, invasive species, and dust-emission monitoring in the Mojave Desert.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sensors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3390/s8127792","issn":"14248","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., and Thomas, K., 2008, An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data: Sensors, v. 8, no. 12, p. 7792-7808, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8127792.","startPage":"7792","endPage":"7808","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476678,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8127792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s8127792"},{"id":241089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9ffe4b0c8380cd4859b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, C.S.A.","contributorId":89712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, K.A.","contributorId":100934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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