Physical, chemical, hydrologic, and biologic factors affecting nitrate (NO3 −) removal were evaluated in three agricultural streams draining orchard/dairy and row crop settings. Using 3-d “snapshots” during biotically active periods, we estimated reach-level NO3 − sources, NO3 − mass balance, in-stream processing (nitrification, denitrification, and NO3 − uptake), and NO3 − retention potential associated with surface water transport and ground water discharge. Ground water contributed 5 to 11% to stream discharge along the study reaches and 8 to 42% of gross NO3 − input. Streambed processes potentially reduced 45 to 75% of ground water NO3 − before discharge to surface water. In all streams, transient storage was of little importance for surface water NO3 − retention. Estimated nitrification (1.6–4.4 mg N m−2 h−1) and unamended denitrification rates (2.0–16.3 mg N m−2 h−1) in sediment slurries were high relative to pristine streams. Denitrification of NO3 − was largely independent of nitrification because both stream and ground water were sources of NO3 − Unamended denitrification rates extrapolated to the reach-scale accounted for <5% of NO3 − exported from the reaches minimally reducing downstream loads. Nitrate retention as a percentage of gross NO3 − inputs was >30% in an organic-poor, autotrophic stream with the lowest denitrification potentials and highest benthic chlorophyll a, photosynthesis/respiration ratio, pH, dissolved oxygen, and diurnal NO3 − variation. Biotic processing potentially removed 75% of ground water NO3 − at this site, suggesting an important role for photosynthetic assimilation of ground water NO3 − relative to subsurface denitrification as water passed directly through benthic diatom beds.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0187","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Duff, J., Tesoriero, A., Richardson, W.B., Strauss, E., and Munn, M., 2008, Whole-stream response to nitrate loading in three streams draining agricultural landscapes: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1133-1144, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0187.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214713,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0187"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd092e4b08c986b32ef28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tesoriero, A. J.","contributorId":99127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strauss, E.A.","contributorId":26010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031987,"text":"70031987 - 2008 - Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70031987","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin","docAbstract":"SWAT, a physically-based, hydrological model simulates crop growth, soil water and groundwater movement, and transport of sediment and nutrients at both the process and watershed scales. While the different versions of SWAT have been widely used throughout the world for agricultural and water resources applications, little has been done to test the performance, variability, and transferability of the parameters in the crop growth, soil water, and groundwater modules in an integrated way with multiple sets of field experimental data at the process scale. Using an multiple years of field experimental data of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin, this paper assesses the performance of the plant-soil-groundwater modules and the variability and transferability of SWAT2000. Comparison of the simulated results by SWAT to the observations showed that SWAT performed quite unsatisfactorily in LAI predictions during the senescence stage, in yield predictions, and in soil-water estimation under dry soil-profile conditions. The unsatisfactory performance in LAI prediction might be attributed to over-simplified senescence modeling; in yield prediction to the improper computation of the harvest index; and in soil water under dry conditions to the exclusion of groundwater evaporation from the soil water balance in SWAT. In this paper, improvements in crop growth, soil water, and groundwater modules in SWAT were implemented. The saturated soil profile was coupled to the oscillating groundwater table. A variable evaporation coefficient taking into account soil water deficit index, groundwater depth, and crop root depth was used to replace the fixed coefficient in computing groundwater evaporation. The soil water balance included the groundwater evaporation. The modifications improved simulations of crop evapotranspiration and biomass as well as soil water dynamics under dry soil-profile conditions. The evaluation shows that the crop growth and soil water components of SWAT could be further refined to better simulate the hydrology of agricultural watersheds. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.003","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., He, C., Sophocleous, M., Yin, Z., Hongrui, R., and Ouyang, Z., 2008, Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 352, no. 1-2, p. 139-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.003.","startPage":"139","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214745,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.003"}],"volume":"352","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee2ae4b0c8380cd49bd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"He, C.","contributorId":76951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yin, Z.","contributorId":108077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hongrui, R.","contributorId":34340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hongrui","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ouyang, Z.","contributorId":28815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouyang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031988,"text":"70031988 - 2008 - Seasonal and distributional patterns of seabirds along the Aleutian Archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:16:18","indexId":"70031988","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and distributional patterns of seabirds along the Aleutian Archipelago","docAbstract":"The Aleutian Archipelago is of global importance to seabirds during the northern summer, but little is known about seabird use of these waters during winter. We compare summer and winter abundances of seabirds around 3 islands: Buldir in the western, Kasatochi in the central, and Aiktak in the eastern Aleutians. The density of combined seabird biomass in nearshore marine waters was higher in summer than in winter at Buldir and Kasatochi, but was higher in winter at Aiktak, despite the departure of abundant migratory species. Comparing foraging guilds, we found that only piscivores increased at the western and central sites in winter, whereas at the eastern site several planktivorous species increased as well. The only planktivore remaining in winter at the central and western sites in densities comparable to summer densities was whiskered auklet Aethia pygmaea. Crested auklet Aethia cristatella and thick-billed murre Uria lomvia showed the greatest proportional winter increase at the eastern site. The seasonal patterns of the seabird communities suggest a winter breakdown of the copepod-based food web in the central and western parts of the archipelago, and a system that remains rich in euphausiids in the eastern Aleutians. We suggest that in winter crested auklets take the trophic role that short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris occupy during summer. We hypothesize that advection of euphausiids in the Aleutian North Slope Current is important for supporting the high biomass of planktivores that occupy the Unimak Pass region on a year-round basis. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07325","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Renner, M., Hunt, G., Piatt, J.F., and Byrd, G., 2008, Seasonal and distributional patterns of seabirds along the Aleutian Archipelago: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 357, p. 301-311, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07325.","startPage":"301","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487728,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07325","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214746,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07325"}],"volume":"357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b886ee4b08c986b316980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renner, M.","contributorId":82922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":56020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byrd, G.V.","contributorId":39320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031990,"text":"70031990 - 2008 - Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70031990","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters","docAbstract":"Knobbed whelk, Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791), age and growth were estimated using tagged and recaptured individuals (n = 396) from areas off South Carolina coastal islands. Recaptured whelks were at large an average of 298 d (4-2,640 d). Growth, an increase in shell length (SL), was evident in 24% of the recaptured whelks, whereas 29% of recaptured individuals were the same size as when released and 47% were smaller than the released size. Mean growth rate was <0.001 mm SL/d and 0.022 mm SL/d if decreases in SL were assumed to be zero. Smaller whelks (???90 mm SL) at large for over one year grew seven times faster than larger whelks. The von Bertalanffy growth model: SL1 = 159.5(1 - e-0.0765(t+0.4162)), was developed from the mark - recapture whelks exhibiting growth. Based on a South Carolina minimum legal size of 102 mm SL, whelks recruit into the fishery at 13 y of age. The longevity, large size at maturity and slow growth suggest the potential for over harvest of knobbed whelk. Future whelk management plans may wish to consider whether economically viable commercial harvest can be sustainable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[423:AAGOTK]2.0.CO;2","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Eversole, A., Anderson, W., and Isely, J.J., 2008, Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 27, no. 2, p. 423-426, https://doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[423:AAGOTK]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"423","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[423:AAGOTK]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":242528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8dbe4b0c8380cd47f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eversole, A.G.","contributorId":99727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eversole","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, W.D.","contributorId":89735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032002,"text":"70032002 - 2008 - Comparison of macroinvertebrate-derived stream quality metrics between snag and riffle habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032002","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of macroinvertebrate-derived stream quality metrics between snag and riffle habitats","docAbstract":"We compared benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage structure at snag and riffle habitats in 43 Wisconsin streams across a range of watershed urbanization using a variety of stream quality metrics. Discriminant analysis indicated that dominant taxa at riffles and snags differed; Hydropsychid caddisflies (Hydropsyche betteni and Cheumatopsyche spp.) and elmid beetles (Optioservus spp. and Stenemlis spp.) typified riffles, whereas isopods (Asellus intermedius) and amphipods (Hyalella azteca and Gammarus pseudolimnaeus) predominated in snags. Analysis of covariance indicated that samples from snag and riffle habitats differed significantly in their response to the urbanization gradient for the Hilsenhoff biotic index (BI), Shannon's diversity index, and percent of filterers, shredders, and pollution intolerant Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) at each stream site (p ??? 0.10). These differences suggest that although macroinvertebrate assemblages present in either habitat type are sensitive to detecting the effects of urbanization, metrics derived from different habitats should not be intermixed when assessing stream quality through biomonitoring. This can be a limitation to resource managers who wish to compare water quality among streams where the same habitat type is not available at all stream locations, or where a specific habitat type (i.e., a riffle) is required to determine a metric value (i.e., BI). To account for differences in stream quality at sites lacking riffle habitat, snag-derived metric values can be adjusted based on those obtained from riffles that have been exposed to the same level of urbanization. Comparison of nonlinear regression equations that related stream quality metric values from the two habitat types to percent watershed urbanization indicated that snag habitats had on average 30.2 fewer percent EPT individuals, a lower diversity index value than riffles, and a BI value of 0.29 greater than riffles. ?? 2008 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00197.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Stepenuck, K., Crunkilton, R., Bozek, M.A., and Wang, L., 2008, Comparison of macroinvertebrate-derived stream quality metrics between snag and riffle habitats: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 3, p. 670-678, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00197.x.","startPage":"670","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476778,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/74406>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214995,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00197.x"},{"id":242759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f870e4b0c8380cd4d0e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stepenuck, K.F.","contributorId":72975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stepenuck","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crunkilton, R.L.","contributorId":58048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crunkilton","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bozek, Michael A.","contributorId":51030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozek","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032003,"text":"70032003 - 2008 - Origins of sediment-associated contaminants to the Marais Vernier, the Seine Estuary, France","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032003","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origins of sediment-associated contaminants to the Marais Vernier, the Seine Estuary, France","docAbstract":"The Marais Vernier is the largest freshwater wetland in the Seine Estuary in northern France. It is in a heavily urbanized and industrialized region and could be affected by atmospheric deposition and by fluvial input of contaminants in water diverted from the Seine River. To evaluate contaminant histories in the wetland and the region, sediment cores were collected from two open-water ponds in the Marais Vernier: the Grand-Mare, which was connected to the Seine by a canal from 1950 to 1996, and the Petite Mare, which has a small rural watershed. Diversions from the Seine to the Grand-Mare increased sedimentation rates but mostly resulted in low contaminant concentrations and loading rates, indicating that the sediment from the Seine was predominantly brought upstream by tidal currents from the estuary and was not from the watershed. Atmospheric sources of metals dominate inputs to the Petite Mare; however, runoff of metals from vehicle-related sources in the watershed might contribute to the upward trends in concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Zn. Estimates of atmospheric deposition using the Petite Mare core are consistent with measured deposition in the region and are mixed (similar for Hg and Pb; larger for Cd, Cu, and Zn) compared with deposition estimated from sediment cores in the northeastern United States. A local source of PAHs in the watershed of the Petite Mare is indicated by higher concentrations, higher accumulation rates, and a different, more petrogenic, PAH assemblage than in the Grand-Mare. The study illustrates how diverse sources and transport pathways can affect wetlands in industrial regions and can be evaluated using sediment cores from the wetland ponds. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-008-9628-9","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Mesnage, V., Laignel, B., Motelay, A., and Deloffre, J., 2008, Origins of sediment-associated contaminants to the Marais Vernier, the Seine Estuary, France: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 191, no. 1-4, p. 331-344, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9628-9.","startPage":"331","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9628-9"},{"id":242760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"191","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a711ce4b0c8380cd76468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesnage, V.","contributorId":42101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesnage","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laignel, B.","contributorId":83804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laignel","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Motelay, A.","contributorId":82191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motelay","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deloffre, J.","contributorId":39254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deloffre","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032004,"text":"70032004 - 2008 - Reverse Evolution of Armor Plates in the Threespine Stickleback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032004","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1352,"text":"Current Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reverse Evolution of Armor Plates in the Threespine Stickleback","docAbstract":"Faced with sudden environmental changes, animals must either adapt to novel environments or go extinct. Thus, study of the mechanisms underlying rapid adaptation is crucial not??only for the understanding of natural evolutionary processes but also for the understanding of human-induced evolutionary change, which is an increasingly important problem [1-8]. In the present study, we demonstrate that the frequency of completely plated threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has increased in an urban freshwater lake (Lake Washington, Seattle, Washington) within the last 40 years. This is a dramatic example of \"reverse evolution,\" [9] because the general evolutionary trajectory is toward armor-plate reduction in freshwater sticklebacks [10]. On the basis of our genetic studies and simulations, we propose that the most likely cause of reverse evolution is increased selection for the completely plated morph, which we suggest could result from higher levels of trout predation after a sudden increase in water transparency during the early 1970s. Rapid evolution was facilitated by the existence of standing allelic variation in Ectodysplasin (Eda), the gene that underlies the major plate-morph locus [11]. The Lake Washington stickleback thus provides a novel example of reverse evolution, which is probably caused by a change in allele frequency at the major plate locus in response to a changing predation regime. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.027","issn":"09609822","usgsCitation":"Kitano, J., Bolnick, D., Beauchamp, D., Mazur, M., Mori, S., Nakano, T., and Peichel, C., 2008, Reverse Evolution of Armor Plates in the Threespine Stickleback: Current Biology, v. 18, no. 10, p. 769-774, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.027.","startPage":"769","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476779,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215025,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.027"},{"id":242791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac38e4b0c8380cd86c04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kitano, J.","contributorId":33136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitano","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolnick, D.I.","contributorId":20177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolnick","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beauchamp, D.A.","contributorId":54397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazur, M.M.","contributorId":82938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazur","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mori, S.","contributorId":19388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nakano, T.","contributorId":92476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakano","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peichel, C.L.","contributorId":80503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peichel","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032005,"text":"70032005 - 2008 - Influence of sulfate input on freshwater sediments: Insights from incubation experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032005","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of sulfate input on freshwater sediments: Insights from incubation experiments","docAbstract":"Incubation experiments were carried out under high and low SO42 - conditions to investigate the buffering capacity of lake sediments. Increased SO42 - content in the water column enhanced microbial SO42 - reduction, causing a continuous decrease of SO42 - content from 1086 to 83 mg/L paralleled by an increase of pH in the water column from 3.76 to 7.20. These changes were accompanied by decreased methanogenesis in the incubated sediments. The results demonstrate that the buffering capacity resulted from a variety of biodegradation pathways controlled to a large extent by SO42 - reduction, rather than by direct anaerobic oxidation of CH4. This is documented by distinctly lower ??13C values (from -73.99 to -65.24???) of the CH4 generated under higher SO42 - conditions compared to higher ??13C values (from -68.98 to -61.37???) of the CH4 generated under lower SO42 - conditions. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.034","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Szynkiewicz, A., Jedrysek, M.O., Kurasiewicz, M., and Mastalerz, M., 2008, Influence of sulfate input on freshwater sediments: Insights from incubation experiments: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 6, p. 1607-1622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.034.","startPage":"1607","endPage":"1622","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.034"},{"id":242792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b81e4b0c8380cd625c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szynkiewicz, Anna","contributorId":39599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szynkiewicz","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jedrysek, Mariusz Orion","contributorId":94513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jedrysek","given":"Mariusz","email":"","middleInitial":"Orion","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurasiewicz, M.","contributorId":47652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurasiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032009,"text":"70032009 - 2008 - Thermal history of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032009","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal history of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Secondary calcite, silica and minor amounts of fluorite deposited in fractures and cavities record the chemistry, temperatures, and timing of past fluid movement in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site of a high-level radioactive waste repository. The distribution and geochemistry of these deposits are consistent with low-temperature precipitation from meteoric waters that infiltrated at the surface and percolated down through the unsaturated zone. However, the discovery of fluid inclusions in calcite with homogenization temperatures (Th) up to ???80 ??C was construed by some scientists as strong evidence for hydrothermal deposition. This paper reports the results of investigations to test the hypothesis of hydrothermal deposition and to determine the temperature and timing of secondary mineral deposition. Mineral precipitation temperatures in the unsaturated zone are estimated from calcite- and fluorite-hosted fluid inclusions and calcite ??18O values, and depositional timing is constrained by the 207Pb/235U ages of chalcedony or opal in the deposits. Fluid inclusion Th from 50 samples of calcite and four samples of fluorite range from ???35 to ???90 ??C. Calcite ??18O values range from ???0 to ???22??? (SMOW) but most fall between 12 and 20???. The highest Th and the lowest ??18O values are found in the older calcite. Calcite Th and ??18O values indicate that most calcite precipitated from water with ??18O values between -13 and -7???, similar to modern meteoric waters. Twenty-two 207Pb/235U ages of chalcedony or opal that generally postdate elevated depositional temperatures range from ???9.5 to 1.9 Ma. New and published 207Pb/235U and 230Th/Uages coupled with the Th values and estimates of temperature from calcite ??18O values indicate that maximum unsaturated zone temperatures probably predate ???10 Ma and that the unsaturated zone had cooled to near-present-day temperatures (24-26 ??C at a depth of 250 m) by 2-4 Ma. The evidence of elevated temperatures persisting in ash flow tuffs adjacent to parent calderas for as much as ???8 Ma is a new finding, but consistent with thermal modeling. Simulations using the HEAT code demonstrate that prolonged cooling of the unsaturated zone is consistent with magmatic heat inputs and deep-seated (sub-water table) hydrothermal activity generated by the large magma body ???8 km to the north that produced the 15-11 Ma ash flows and ash falls that make up Yucca Mountain. The evidence discussed in this and preceding papers strongly supports unsaturated zone deposition of the secondary minerals from descending meteoric waters. Although depositional temperatures reflect conductive (and possibly vapor-phase convective) heating of the unsaturated zone related to regional magmatic sources until perhaps 6 Ma, depositional conditions similar to the present-day unsaturated zone have prevailed for at least the past 2-4 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.08.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.F., Neymark, L., Moscati, R., Marshall, B., and Roedder, E., 2008, Thermal history of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1041-1075, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.08.009.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1075","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.08.009"},{"id":242327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb226e4b08c986b32561e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moscati, R.J.","contributorId":27882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032012,"text":"70032012 - 2008 - Groundwater chemistry and occurrence of arsenic in the Meghna floodplain aquifer, southeastern Bangladesh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032012","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater chemistry and occurrence of arsenic in the Meghna floodplain aquifer, southeastern Bangladesh","docAbstract":"Dissolved major ions and important heavy metals including total arsenic and iron were measured in groundwater from shallow (25-33 m) and deep (191-318 m) tube-wells in southeastern Bangladesh. These analyses are intended to help describe geochemical processes active in the aquifers and the source and release mechanism of arsenic in sediments for the Meghna Floodplain aquifer. The elevated Cl- and higher proportions of Na+ relative to Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ in groundwater suggest the influence by a source of Na+ and Cl-. Use of chemical fertilizers may cause higher concentrations of NH 4+ and PO 43- in shallow well samples. In general, most ions are positively correlated with Cl-, with Na+ showing an especially strong correlation with Cl-, indicating that these ions are derived from the same source of saline waters. The relationship between Cl-/HCO 3- ratios and Cl- also shows mixing of fresh groundwater and seawater. Concentrations of dissolved HCO 3- reflect the degree of water-rock interaction in groundwater systems and integrated microbial degradation of organic matter. Mn and Fe-oxyhydroxides are prominent in the clayey subsurface sediment and well known to be strong adsorbents of heavy metals including arsenic. All five shallow well samples had high arsenic concentration that exceeded WHO recommended limit for drinking water. Very low concentrations of SO 42- and NO 3- and high concentrations of dissolved Fe and PO 43- and NH 4+ ions support the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer. Arsenic concentrations demonstrate negative co-relation with the concentrations of SO 42- and NO 3- but correlate weakly with Mo, Fe concentrations and positively with those of P, PO 43- and NH 4+ ions. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0907-3","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Zahid, A., Hassan, M., Balke, K., Flegr, M., and Clark, D., 2008, Groundwater chemistry and occurrence of arsenic in the Meghna floodplain aquifer, southeastern Bangladesh: Environmental Geology, v. 54, no. 6, p. 1247-1260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0907-3.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1260","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214619,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0907-3"},{"id":242359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d95e4b0c8380cd5bf39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zahid, A.","contributorId":56875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zahid","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassan, M.Q.","contributorId":71783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassan","given":"M.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balke, K.-D.","contributorId":7927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balke","given":"K.-D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flegr, M.","contributorId":61660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flegr","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, D.W.","contributorId":22765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032013,"text":"70032013 - 2008 - A simple model for predicting survival of angler-caught and released largemouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple model for predicting survival of angler-caught and released largemouth bass","docAbstract":"We conducted a controlled experiment in the laboratory to assess the influence of anatomical hooking location and water temperature on survival of angler-caught and released largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Survival was 98% (58 of 59 fish) among fish that were hand-hooked within the oral cavity (including the gills), whereas survival was 66% (33 of 50 fish) among fish that were hand-hooked in the esophagus. Survival of hooked fish was not significantly influenced by water temperature (7-27??C) or the hooking location X water temperature interaction. We combined our results with prior research to develop a predictive model of largemouth bass survival, which was 98.3% (SD = 1.87%) for fish hooked in the oral cavity and 55.0% (SD = 9.70%) for fish hooked in the esophagus. The model is valid for water temperatures ranging from 7??C to 27??C and allows one to estimate, with known precision, the survival of angler-caught and released largemouth bass without the need for controlled studies or for holding fish in pens or cages to assess delayed mortality. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T06-273.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Wilde, G., and Pope, K., 2008, A simple model for predicting survival of angler-caught and released largemouth bass: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 3, p. 834-840, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-273.1.","startPage":"834","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-273.1"},{"id":242393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e590e4b0c8380cd46e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilde, G.R.","contributorId":54799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, K.L.","contributorId":20454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032014,"text":"70032014 - 2008 - Simulation of fluid, heat transport to estimate desert stream infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:18:16","indexId":"70032014","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of fluid, heat transport to estimate desert stream infiltration","docAbstract":"In semiarid regions, the contribution of infiltration from intermittent streamflow to ground water recharge may be quantified by comparing simulations of fluid and heat transport beneath stream channels to observed ground temperatures. In addition to quantifying natural recharge, streamflow infiltration estimates provide a means to characterize the physical properties of stream channel sediments and to identify suitable locations for artificial recharge sites. Rates of winter streamflow infiltration along stream channels are estimated based on the cooling effect of infiltrated water on streambed sediments, combined with the simulation of two-dimensional fluid and heat transport using the computer program VS2DH. The cooling effect of ground water is determined by measuring ground temperatures at regular intervals beneath stream channels and nearby channel banks in order to calculate temperature-depth profiles. Additional data inputs included the physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of unsaturated alluvium, and monthly ground temperatures measurements over an annual cycle. Observed temperatures and simulation results can provide estimates of the minimum threshold for deep infiltration, the variability of infiltration along stream channels, and also the frequency of infiltration events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00403.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., and Izbicki, J., 2008, Simulation of fluid, heat transport to estimate desert stream infiltration: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 3, p. 462-474, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00403.x.","startPage":"462","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214650,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00403.x"},{"id":242394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9027e4b08c986b319354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, J.T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":61213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032016,"text":"70032016 - 2008 - Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:11:06","indexId":"70032016","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil","docAbstract":"A method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction of chlorothalonil and three of its degradates (4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 1-carbamoyl-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichlorobenzene, and 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene) from soils and sediments; the compounds were extracted using sonication with acetone and isolation of the parent compound and matrix interferences from the degradates by solid phase extraction (SPE). The chlorothalonil fraction underwent further coextracted matrix interference removal with Florisil. The degradates were derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS). All compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recoveries on a spiked (20 and 200 µg kg−1) sediment ranged from 80% to 91% with calculated limits of detection of 1−5 µg kg−1 dry weight sediment. An additional 20 sediment samples were collected in watersheds from the Southeastern United States where chlorothalonil is used widely on peanuts and other crops. None of the target compounds were detected. Laboratory fortified recoveries of chlorothalonil and its degradates in these environmental sediment samples ranged from 75% to 89%.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf703695s","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., and Kuivila, K., 2008, Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 56, no. 7, p. 2310-2314, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf703695s.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2310","endPage":"2314","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf703695s"}],"volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb0de4b0c8380cd48ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032018,"text":"70032018 - 2008 - Comparison and assessment of aerial and ground estimates of waterbird colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032018","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison and assessment of aerial and ground estimates of waterbird colonies","docAbstract":"Aerial surveys are often used to quantify sizes of waterbird colonies; however, these surveys would benefit from a better understanding of associated biases. We compared estimates of breeding pairs of waterbirds, in colonies across southern Louisiana, USA, made from the ground, fixed-wing aircraft, and a helicopter. We used a marked-subsample method for ground-counting colonies to obtain estimates of error and visibility bias. We made comparisons over 2 sampling periods: 1) surveys conducted on the same colonies using all 3 methods during 3-11 May 2005 and 2) an expanded fixed-wing and ground-survey comparison conducted over 4 periods (May and Jun, 2004-2005). Estimates from fixed-wing aircraft were approximately 65% higher than those from ground counts for overall estimated number of breeding pairs and for both dark and white-plumaged species. The coefficient of determination between estimates based on ground and fixed-wing aircraft was ???0.40 for most species, and based on the assumption that estimates from the ground were closer to the true count, fixed-wing aerial surveys appeared to overestimate numbers of nesting birds of some species; this bias often increased with the size of the colony. Unlike estimates from fixed-wing aircraft, numbers of nesting pairs made from ground and helicopter surveys were very similar for all species we observed. Ground counts by one observer resulted in underestimated number of breeding pairs by 20% on average. The marked-subsample method provided an estimate of the number of missed nests as well as an estimate of precision. These estimates represent a major advantage of marked-subsample ground counts over aerial methods; however, ground counts are difficult in large or remote colonies. Helicopter surveys and ground counts provide less biased, more precise estimates of breeding pairs than do surveys made from fixed-wing aircraft. We recommend managers employ ground counts using double observers for surveying waterbird colonies when feasible. Fixed-wing aerial surveys may be suitable to determine colony activity and composition of common waterbird species. The most appropriate combination of survey approaches will be based on the need for precise and unbiased estimates, balanced with financial and logistical constraints.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-391","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Green, M., Luent, M., Michot, T., Jeske, C., and Leberg, P., 2008, Comparison and assessment of aerial and ground estimates of waterbird colonies: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 3, p. 697-706, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-391.","startPage":"697","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-391"},{"id":242463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ce4b0c8380cd4cf74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, M.C.","contributorId":37974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luent, M.C.","contributorId":107953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luent","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeske, C.W.","contributorId":35557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeske","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leberg, P.L.","contributorId":42048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leberg","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032019,"text":"70032019 - 2008 - Interactive visualization to advance earthquake simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:55:55","indexId":"70032019","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive visualization to advance earthquake simulation","docAbstract":"The geological sciences are challenged to manage and interpret increasing volumes of data as observations and simulations increase in size and complexity. For example, simulations of earthquake-related processes typically generate complex, time-varying data sets in two or more dimensions. To facilitate interpretation and analysis of these data sets, evaluate the underlying models, and to drive future calculations, we have developed methods of interactive visualization with a special focus on using immersive virtual reality (VR) environments to interact with models of Earth's surface and interior. Virtual mapping tools allow virtual \"field studies\" in inaccessible regions. Interactive tools allow us to manipulate shapes in order to construct models of geological features for geodynamic models, while feature extraction tools support quantitative measurement of structures that emerge from numerical simulation or field observations, thereby enabling us to improve our interpretation of the dynamical processes that drive earthquakes. VR has traditionally been used primarily as a presentation tool, albeit with active navigation through data. Reaping the full intellectual benefits of immersive VR as a tool for scientific analysis requires building on the method's strengths, that is, using both 3D perception and interaction with observed or simulated data. This approach also takes advantage of the specialized skills of geological scientists who are trained to interpret, the often limited, geological and geophysical data available from field observations. ?? Birkhaueser 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-008-0317-9","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, L., Bawden, G., Bernardin, T., Billen, M., Cowgill, E., Hamann, B., Jadamec, M., Kreylos, O., Staadt, O., and Sumner, D., 2008, Interactive visualization to advance earthquake simulation: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 165, no. 3-4, p. 621-633, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0317-9.","startPage":"621","endPage":"633","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0317-9"}],"volume":"165","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce3e4b0c8380cd6311e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, L.H.","contributorId":86511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bawden, G.W.","contributorId":61139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardin, T.","contributorId":87353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardin","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Billen, M.","contributorId":15418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cowgill, E.","contributorId":90124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowgill","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamann, B.","contributorId":25345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamann","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jadamec, M.","contributorId":83326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jadamec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kreylos, O.","contributorId":103854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreylos","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Staadt, O.","contributorId":104719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staadt","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sumner, D.","contributorId":76562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70032032,"text":"70032032 - 2008 - Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency Holocene fire from two New Mexico bog sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T09:34:24","indexId":"70032032","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency Holocene fire from two New Mexico bog sites","docAbstract":"Two primary methods for reconstructing paleofire occurrence include dendrochronological dating of fire scars and stand ages from live or dead trees (extending back centuries into the past) and sedimentary records of charcoal particles from lakes and bogs, providing perspectives on fire history that can extend back for many thousands of years. Studies using both proxies have become more common in regions where lakes are present and fire frequencies are low, but are rare where high-frequency surface fires dominate and sedimentary deposits are primarily bogs and wetlands. Here we investigate sedimentary and fire-scar records of fire in two small watersheds in northern New Mexico, in settings recently characterised by relatively high-frequency fire where bogs and wetlands (Chihuahuen??os Bog and Alamo Bog) are more common than lakes. Our research demonstrates that: (1) essential features of the sedimentary charcoal record can be reproduced between multiple cores within a bog deposit; (2) evidence from both fire-scarred trees and charcoal deposits documents an anomalous lack of fire since ???1900, compared with the remainder of the Holocene; (3) sedimentary charcoal records probably underestimate the recurrence of fire events at these high-frequency fire sites; and (4) the sedimentary records from these bogs are complicated by factors such as burning and oxidation of these organic deposits, diversity of vegetation patterns within watersheds, and potential bioturbation by ungulates. We consider a suite of particular challenges in developing and interpreting fire histories from bog and wetland settings in the Southwest. The identification of these issues and constraints with interpretation of sedimentary charcoal fire records does not diminish their essential utility in assessing millennial-scale patterns of fire activity in this dry part of North America. ?? IAWF 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WF07165","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., Anderson, R., Jass, R., Toney, J., and Baisan, C., 2008, Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency Holocene fire from two New Mexico bog sites: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 17, no. 1, p. 115-130, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07165.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a739ce4b0c8380cd77142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jass, R.B.","contributorId":58111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jass","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toney, J.L.","contributorId":57281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baisan, C.H.","contributorId":51559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baisan","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032034,"text":"70032034 - 2008 - Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach: Implications for viability and development of horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032034","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach: Implications for viability and development of horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus eggs","docAbstract":"Knowledge of conditions that favor development of eggs is important for management of species whose population growth is sensitive to early life history survival. Viability and development of the eggs of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus on a sand and gravel beach were evaluated using data gathered on Delaware Bay, USA, from 18 May to 19 June 2004. Eggs were transplanted to pouches and buried in the foreshore for up to 6 wk. Viability and developmental stage were estimated as a function of oxygen and temperature gradients across the foreshore. These gradients were related to the characteristics of the intertidal foreshore sediments, beach water table changes, and frequency of inundation due to tide and swash/backwash processes. Results demonstrate the importance of interstitial temperature for development to larvae and the passive role of sediment characteristics on moisture retention and temperature. Percentage of eggs remaining in egg stage was similar across the foreshore, but more eggs developed to embryos at 0.45 of foreshore width, where moisture and gravel content were greater and interstitial temperature was lower. More eggs developed to larvae at 0.60 and 0.75 of foreshore width, where moisture and gravel content were less but interstitial temperature was higher. The beach above 0.75 of foreshore width came under the influence of wave action or full tidal inundation only during high wave heights or spring tides, and pouches at 0.75 of foreshore width were inundated only 19% of the time. Periodic wetting at this elevation did not reduce overall viability of the eggs. High wave energy events resulted in sediment activation depths to pouches at 0.30 of foreshore width, where loss of eggs due to wave activation was the most important control on the development of eggs. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07211","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Jackson, N., Smith, D., and Nordstrom, K., 2008, Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach: Implications for viability and development of horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus eggs: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 355, p. 209-218, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07211.","startPage":"209","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476882,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214932,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07211"},{"id":242693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"355","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a6ee4b0c8380cd78ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}