The Dry Tortugas are a series of islands, banks, and channels on a carbonate platform off the west end of the Florida Keys. Antecedent topography of the Dry Tortugas reflects carbonate accumulations of the last interglacial (marine isotope substage 5e, ~ 125,000 years ago, ka) when sea level was ~ 6 to 7 meters (m) higher than present (Schrag and others, 2002). The substage 5e surface was subsequently lithified and modified during subaerial exposure associated with lower sea level from ~ 120 ka to 8 ka. The lithified late Pleistocene carbonates are known as the Key Largo Limestone, a coral reef (Hoffmeister and Multer, 1964; Multer and others, 2002), and the Miami Limestone, a tidal-bar oolite (Sanford, 1909; Hoffmeister, 1974). The Holocene and modern sediments and reefs of the Dry Tortugas then accreted during the rise of sea level associated with the end of the last glacial and the start of the current interglacial (marine isotope Stage 1). With the exception of a half dozen or so islands, the Dry Tortugas region has been submerged for approximately 8,000 years, allowing conditions suitable for coral reef formation once again. The Holocene reef accumulation varies in thickness due to the antecedent topography. The reefs are composed of massive head corals such as species of Montastraea, Siderastrea, and Diploria (Swart and others, 1996; Cohen and McConnaughey, 2003) and rest atop the Pleistocene Key Largo Limestone high (Shinn and others, 1977). The coral reefs within the Dry Tortugas represent a windward reef margin relative to dominant wind and wave energies (Hine and Mullins, 1983; Mallinson and others, 1997; Mallinson and others, 2003).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121095","usgsCitation":"Hickey, T.D., Reich, C.D., DeLong, K.L., Poore, R.Z., and Brock, J., 2013, Holocene core logs and site methods for modern reef and head-coral cores - Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1095, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121095.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1095.gif"},{"id":268768,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1095/"},{"id":268769,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1095/pdf/ofr2012-1095.pdf","text":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.76673820002982,\n 24.702032234521695\n ],\n [\n -82.80111355697035,\n 24.72611070301882\n ],\n [\n -82.86737930528973,\n 24.725734512768284\n ],\n [\n -82.90051217944944,\n 24.717834254792294\n ],\n [\n -82.96719208869578,\n 24.649344358619032\n ],\n [\n -82.96553544498762,\n 24.5665042001456\n ],\n [\n -82.89678473110656,\n 24.566880870376693\n ],\n [\n -82.80028523511646,\n 24.617720954532814\n ],\n [\n -82.76632403910288,\n 24.66891673942027\n ],\n [\n -82.76632403910288,\n 24.702032234521695\n ],\n [\n -82.76673820002982,\n 24.702032234521695\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513713f7e4b02ab8869bff97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, Todd D.","contributorId":34255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLong, Kristine L.","contributorId":19249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044254,"text":"ofr20131013 - 2013 - Nearshore thermal gradients of the Colorado River near the Little Colorado River confluence, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T09:36:04","indexId":"ofr20131013","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1013","title":"Nearshore thermal gradients of the Colorado River near the Little Colorado River confluence, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2010","docAbstract":"Construction and operation of Glen Canyon Dam has dramatically impacted the flow of the Colorado River through Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons. Extremes in both streamflow and water temperature have been suppressed by controlled releases from the dam. Trapping of sediment in Lake Powell, the reservoir formed by Glen Canyon Dam, has also dramatically reduced the supply of suspended sediment entering the system. These changes have altered the riverine ecosystem and the habitat of native species, including fish such as the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha). Most native fish are adapted to seasonally warm water, and the continuous relatively cold water released by the dam is one of the factors that is believed to limit humpback chub growth and survival. While average mainstem temperatures in the Colorado River are well documented, there is limited understanding of temperatures in the nearshore environments that fish typically occupy. Four nearshore geomorphic unit types were studied between the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers and Lava Canyon in the summer and fall of 2010, for study periods of 10 to 27 days. Five to seven sites were studied during each interval. Persistent thermal gradients greater than the 0.2 °C accuracy of the instruments were not observed in any of the sampled shoreline environments. Temperature gradients between the shoreline and mainstem on the order of 4 °C, believed to be important to the habitat-seeking behavior of native or nonnative fishes, were not detected.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131013","usgsCitation":"Ross, R., and Grams, P.E., 2013, Nearshore thermal gradients of the Colorado River near the Little Colorado River confluence, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1013, Report: v, 65 p.; Appendix B workbook files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131013.","productDescription":"Report: v, 65 p.; Appendix B workbook files","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1013.gif"},{"id":268603,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1013/"},{"id":268604,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1013/of2013-1013_text.pdf"},{"id":268605,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1013/of2013-1013_appendix_b/of2013-1013_app_b.html"}],"scale":"400000","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Nevada;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 114.5,35 ], [ 114.5,37.5 ], [ 110,37.5 ], [ 110,35 ], [ 114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5131cdefe4b0140546f53ba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Rob","contributorId":45593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044264,"text":"ofr20131039 - 2013 - Effects of Chiloquin Dam on spawning distribution and larval emigration of Lost River, shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers in the Williamson and Sprague Rivers, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T09:54:22","indexId":"ofr20131039","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1039","title":"Effects of Chiloquin Dam on spawning distribution and larval emigration of Lost River, shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers in the Williamson and Sprague Rivers, Oregon","docAbstract":"Chiloquin Dam was constructed in 1914 on the Sprague River near the town of Chiloquin, Oregon. The dam was identified as a barrier that potentially inhibited or prevented the upstream spawning migrations and other movements of endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatusChasmistes brevirostris) suckers, as well as other fish species. In 2002, the Bureau of Reclamation led a working group that examined several alternatives to improve fish passage at Chiloquin Dam. Ultimately it was decided that dam removal was the best alternative and the dam was removed in the summer of 2008. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a long-term study on the spawning ecology of Lost River, shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi) in the Sprague and lower Williamson Rivers from 2004 to 2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate shifts in spawning distribution following the removal of Chiloquin Dam. Radio telemetry was used in conjunction with larval production data and detections of fish tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to evaluate whether dam removal resulted in increased utilization of spawning habitat farther upstream in the Sprague River. Increased densities of drifting larvae were observed at a site in the lower Williamson River after the dam was removed, but no substantial changes occurred upstream of the former dam site. Adult spawning migrations primarily were influenced by water temperature and did not change with the removal of the dam. Emigration of larvae consistently occurred about 3-4 weeks after adults migrated into a section of river. Detections of PIT-tagged fish showed increases in the numbers of all three suckers that migrated upstream of the dam site following removal, but the increases for Lost River and shortnose suckers were relatively small compared to the total number of fish that made a spawning migration in a given season. Increases for Klamath largescale suckers were more substantial. Post-dam removal monitoring only included 2 years with below average river discharge during the spawning season; data from years with higher flows may provide a different perspective on the effects of dam removal on the spawning migrations of the two endangered sucker species.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martin, B.A., Hewitt, D.A., and Ellsworth, C.M., 2013, Effects of Chiloquin Dam on spawning distribution and larval emigration of Lost River, shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers in the Williamson and Sprague Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1039, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131039.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1039.gif"},{"id":268607,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1039/"},{"id":268608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1039/pdf/ofr20131039.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Chiloquin Dam;Lost River;Sprague River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6129,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,43.7136 ], [ -116.4633,43.7136 ], [ -116.4633,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,41.9918 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5131cdeee4b0140546f53ba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9415-6377 barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-6377","contributorId":2855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Barbara","email":"barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hewitt, David A. 0000-0002-5387-0275 dhewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-0275","contributorId":3767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"David","email":"dhewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, Craig M.","contributorId":14913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044172,"text":"ofr20131043 - 2013 - Monitoring storm tide and flooding from Hurricane Sandy along the Atlantic coast of the United States, October 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:20:59","indexId":"ofr20131043","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1043","title":"Monitoring storm tide and flooding from Hurricane Sandy along the Atlantic coast of the United States, October 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deployed a temporary monitoring network of water-level and barometric pressure sensors at 224 locations along the Atlantic coast from Virginia to Maine to continuously record the timing, areal extent, and magnitude of hurricane storm tide and coastal flooding generated by Hurricane Sandy. These records were greatly supplemented by an extensive post-flood high-water mark (HWM) flagging and surveying campaign from November to December 2012 involving more than 950 HWMs. Both efforts were undertaken as part of a coordinated federal emergency response as outlined by the Stafford Act under a directed mission assignment by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"McCallum, B.E., Wicklein, S., Reiser, R.G., Busciolano, R., Morrison, J., Verdi, R.J., Painter, J.A., Frantz, E.R., and Gotvald, A.J., 2013, Monitoring storm tide and flooding from Hurricane Sandy along the Atlantic coast of the United States, October 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1043, 42 p.; Tables 2-6, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131043.","productDescription":"42 p.; Tables 2-6","startPage":"1","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1043.gif"},{"id":268502,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1043/"},{"id":268503,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1043/pdf/ofr2013-1043.pdf"},{"id":268504,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1043/downloads/Table2_Sandy.xlsx"},{"id":268505,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1043/downloads/Table3_Sandy.xlsx"},{"id":268506,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion 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bemccall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-0343","contributorId":1591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"Brian","email":"bemccall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicklein, Shaun 0000-0003-4551-1237 smwickle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1237","contributorId":3389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"Shaun","email":"smwickle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiser, Robert G. 0000-0001-5140-2745 rreiser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":4083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Robert","email":"rreiser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busciolano, Ronald 0000-0002-9257-8453 rjbuscio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-8453","contributorId":1059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"Ronald","email":"rjbuscio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morrison, Jonathan 0000-0002-1756-4609 jmorriso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4609","contributorId":2274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmorriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verdi, Richard J. 0000-0002-7093-9203 rverdi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9203","contributorId":1098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdi","given":"Richard","email":"rverdi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 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agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70044074,"text":"ofr20121113 - 2013 - Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the Montana Powder River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T12:38:21","indexId":"ofr20121113","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1113","title":"Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the Montana Powder River Basin","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to summarize geology, coal resources, and coal reserves in the Montana Powder River Basin assessment area in southeastern Montana. This report represents the fourth assessment area within the Powder River Basin to be evaluated in the continuing U.S. Geological Survey regional coal assessment program. There are four active coal mines in the Montana Powder River Basin assessment area: the Spring Creek and Decker Mines, both near Decker; the Rosebud Mine, near Colstrip; and the Absaloka Mine, west of Colstrip. During 2011, coal production from these four mines totaled approximately 36 million short tons. A fifth mine, the Big Sky, had significant production from 1969-2003; however, it is no longer in production and has since been reclaimed. Total coal production from all five mines in the Montana Powder River Basin assessment area from 1968 to 2011 was approximately 1.4 billion short tons. The Rosebud/Knobloch coal bed near Colstrip and the Anderson, Dietz 2, and Dietz 3 coal beds near Decker contain the largest deposits of surface minable, low-sulfur, subbituminous coal currently being mined in the assessment area. A total of 26 coal beds were identified during this assessment, 18 of which were modeled and evaluated to determine in-place coal resources. The total original coal resource in the Montana Powder River Basin assessment area for the 18 coal beds assessed was calculated to be 215 billion short tons. Available coal resources, which are part of the original coal resource remaining after subtracting restrictions and areas of burned coal, are about 162 billion short tons. Restrictions included railroads, Federal interstate highways, urban areas, alluvial valley floors, state parks, national forests, and mined-out areas. It was determined that 10 of the 18 coal beds had sufficient areal extent and thickness to be evaluated for recoverable surface resources ([Roland (Baker), Smith, Anderson, Dietz 2, Dietz 3, Canyon, Werner/Cook, Pawnee, Rosebud/Knobloch, and Flowers-Goodale]). These 10 coal beds total about 151 billion short tons of the 162 billion short tons of available resource; however, after applying a strip ratio of 10:1 or less, only 39 billion short tons remains of the 151 billion short tons. After mining and processing losses are subtracted from the 39 billion short tons, 35 billion short tons of coal were considered as a recoverable resource. Coal reserves (economically recoverable coal) are the portion of the recoverable coal resource that can be mined, processed, and marketed at a profit at the time of the economic evaluation. The surface coal reserve estimate for the 10 coal beds evaluated for the Montana Powder River assessment area is 13 billion short tons. It was also determined that about 42 billion short tons of underground coal resource exists in the Montana Powder River Basin assessment area; about 34 billion short tons (80 percent) are within 500-1,000 feet of the land surface and another 8 billion short tons are 1,000-2,000 feet beneath the land surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121113","usgsCitation":"Haacke, J., Scott, D.C., Osmonson, L.M., Luppens, J.A., Pierce, P.E., and Gunderson, J.A., 2013, Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the Montana Powder River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1113, xi, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121113.","productDescription":"xi, 133 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1113.gif"},{"id":268374,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1113/OF12-1113.pdf"},{"id":268373,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1113/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.1714,42.6259 ], [ -108.1714,46.7850 ], [ -104.0076,46.7850 ], [ -104.0076,42.6259 ], [ -108.1714,42.6259 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4e2be4b0b290850f1ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haacke, Jon E.","contributorId":86054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haacke","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, David C. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmonson, Lee M.","contributorId":33322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmonson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, Paul E. 0000-0001-9675-7320 ppierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-7320","contributorId":3732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Paul","email":"ppierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunderson, Jay A.","contributorId":94566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70057429,"text":"ofr20131202B - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3562, Khawja-Jir (403) and Murghab (404) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:09:31","indexId":"ofr20131202B","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-25T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1202","chapter":"B","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3562, Khawja-Jir (403) and Murghab (404) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","docAbstract":"This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.
\nFlown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
\nThe reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131202B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3562, Khawja-Jir (403) and Murghab (404) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1202, 37 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131202B.","productDescription":"37 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050472","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131202b.jpg"},{"id":283578,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1202/B/"},{"id":283579,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1202/B/pdf/ofr2013-1202b.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62.0,35.0 ], [ 62.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,35.0 ], [ 62.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dae4b0b290850fdc9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70044020,"text":"ofr20131034 - 2013 - Water quality in the Anacostia River, Maryland and Rock Creek, Washington, D.C.: Continuous and discrete monitoring with simulations to estimate concentrations and yields of nutrients, suspended sediment, and bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:14:16.958533","indexId":"ofr20131034","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1034","title":"Water quality in the Anacostia River, Maryland and Rock Creek, Washington, D.C.: Continuous and discrete monitoring with simulations to estimate concentrations and yields of nutrients, suspended sediment, and bacteria","docAbstract":"Concentrations and loading estimates for nutrients, suspended sediment, and E. coli bacteria were summarized for three water-quality monitoring stations on the Anacostia River in Maryland and one station on Rock Creek in Washington, D.C. Both streams are tributaries to the Potomac River in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and contribute to the Chesapeake Bay estuary. Two stations on the Anacostia River, Northeast Branch at Riverdale, Maryland and Northwest Branch near Hyattsville, Maryland, have been monitored for water quality during the study period from 2003 to 2011 and are located near the shift from nontidal to tidal conditions near Bladensburg, Maryland. A station on Paint Branch is nested above the station on the Northeast Branch Anacostia River, and has slightly less developed land cover than the Northeast and Northwest Branch stations. The Rock Creek station is located in Rock Creek Park, but the land cover in the watershed surrounding the park is urbanized. Stepwise log-linear regression models were developed to estimate the concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and E. coli bacteria from continuous field monitors. Turbidity was the strongest predictor variable for all water-quality parameters. For bacteria, water temperature improved the models enough to be included as a second predictor variable due to the strong dependence of stream metabolism on temperature. Coefficients of determination (R2) for the models were highest for log concentrations of suspended sediment (0.9) and total phosphorus (0.8 to 0.9), followed by E. coli bacteria (0.75 to 0.8), and total nitrogen (0.6). Water-quality data provided baselines for conditions prior to accelerated implementation of multiple stormwater controls in the watersheds. Counties are currently in the process of enhancing stormwater controls in both watersheds. Annual yields were estimated for suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and E. coli bacteria using the U.S. Geological Survey model LOADEST with hourly time steps of turbidity, flow, and time. Yields of all four parameters were within ranges found in other urbanized watersheds in Chesapeake Bay. Annual yields for all four watersheds over the period of study were estimated for suspended sediment (65,500 – 166,000 kilograms per year per square kilometer; kg/yr/km2), total nitrogen (465 - 911 kg/yr/km2), total phosphorus (36 - 113 kg/yr/km2), and E. coli bacteria (6.0 – 38 x 1012 colony forming units/yr/km2). The length of record was not sufficient to determine trends for any of the water-quality parameters; within confidence intervals of the models, results were similar to loads determined by previous studies for the Northeast and Northwest Branch stations of the Anacostia River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery County, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.V., Chanat, J.G., and Bell, J.M., 2013, Water quality in the Anacostia River, Maryland and Rock Creek, Washington, D.C.: Continuous and discrete monitoring with simulations to estimate concentrations and yields of nutrients, suspended sediment, and bacteria: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1034, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131034.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268259,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1034.gif"},{"id":268257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1034/"},{"id":268258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1034/pdf/ofr2013-1034.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","city":"Washington;D.C.","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.49,37.89 ], [ -79.49,39.72 ], [ -75.05,39.72 ], [ -75.05,37.89 ], [ -79.49,37.89 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c87eae4b0855fde669734","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Cherie V. 0000-0001-7765-5919 cvmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-5919","contributorId":863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Cherie","email":"cvmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chanat, Jeffrey G. 0000-0002-3629-7307 jchanat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-7307","contributorId":5062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chanat","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchanat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, Joseph M. 0000-0002-2536-2070 jmbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-2070","contributorId":5063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Joseph","email":"jmbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043889,"text":"ofr20131023 - 2013 - A conceptual prototype for the next-generation national elevation dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T16:13:06","indexId":"ofr20131023","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1023","title":"A conceptual prototype for the next-generation national elevation dataset","docAbstract":"In 2012 the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Geospatial Program (NGP) funded a study to develop a conceptual prototype for a new National Elevation Dataset (NED) design with expanded capabilities to generate and deliver a suite of bare earth and above ground feature information over the United States. This report details the research on identifying operational requirements based on prior research, evaluation of what is needed for the USGS to meet these requirements, and development of a possible conceptual framework that could potentially deliver the kinds of information that are needed to support NGP's partners and constituents. This report provides an initial proof-of-concept demonstration using an existing dataset, and recommendations for the future, to inform NGP's ongoing and future elevation program planning and management decisions. The demonstration shows that this type of functional process can robustly create derivatives from lidar point cloud data; however, more research needs to be done to see how well it extends to multiple datasets.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131023","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., Heidemann, H.K., Evans, G.A., and Greenlee, S.K., 2013, A conceptual prototype for the next-generation national elevation dataset: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1023, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131023.","productDescription":"52 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042370","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1023.gif"},{"id":267931,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1023/"},{"id":267932,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1023/ofr13-1023.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916 ], [ 173.0,71.833 ], [ -66.95,71.833 ], [ -66.95,16.916 ], [ 173.0,16.916 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5128935fe4b01b9ee8b50c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heidemann, Hans Karl 0000-0003-4306-359X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-359X","contributorId":30085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidemann","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Gayla A. 0000-0001-5072-4232 gevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":3125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","email":"gevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenlee, Susan K. sgreenlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"Susan","email":"sgreenlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043829,"text":"ofr20131037 - 2013 - Potential for recovery of cerium contained in automotive catalytic converters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T15:44:41","indexId":"ofr20131037","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1037","title":"Potential for recovery of cerium contained in automotive catalytic converters","docAbstract":"Catalytic converters (CATCONs) are required by Federal law to be installed in nearly all gasoline- and diesel-fueled onroad vehicles used in the United States. About 85 percent of the light-duty vehicles and trucks manufactured worldwide are equipped with CATCONs. Portions of the CATCONs (called monoliths) are recycled for their platinum-group metal (PGM) content and for the value of the stainless steel they contain. The cerium contained in the monoliths, however, is disposed of along with the slag produced from the recycling process. Although there is some smelter capacity in the United States to treat the monoliths in order to recover the PGMs, a great percentage of monoliths is exported to Europe and South Africa for recycling, and a lesser amount is exported to Japan. There is presently no commercial-scale capacity in place domestically to recover cerium from the monoliths. Recycling of cerium or cerium compounds from the monoliths could help ensure against possible global supply shortages by increasing the amount that is available in the supply chain as well as the number and geographic distribution of the suppliers. It could also reduce the amount of material that goes into landfills. Also, the additional supply could lower the price of the commodity. This report analyzes how much cerium oxide is contained in CATCONs and how much could be recovered from used CATCONs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131037","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., 2013, Potential for recovery of cerium contained in automotive catalytic converters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1037, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131037.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1037.jpg"},{"id":267843,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1037/"},{"id":267844,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1037/OFR2013-1037.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5125f088e4b09d00759cd05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043832,"text":"ofr20131032 - 2013 - Development of flood profiles and flood-inundation maps for the Village of Killbuck, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T16:25:51","indexId":"ofr20131032","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1032","title":"Development of flood profiles and flood-inundation maps for the Village of Killbuck, Ohio","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a reach of Killbuck Creek near the Village of Killbuck, Ohio, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Holmes County, Ohio. The inundation maps depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage Killbuck Creek near Killbuck (03139000) and were completed as part of an update to Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood-Insurance Study. The maps were provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into a Web-based flood-warning system that can be used in conjunction with NWS flood-forecast data to show areas of predicted flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages. The digital maps also have been submitted for inclusion in the data libraries of the USGS interactive Flood Inundation Mapper. Data from the streamgage can be used by emergency-management personnel, in conjunction with the flood-inundation maps, to help determine a course of action when flooding is imminent. Flood profiles for selected reaches were prepared by calibrating a steady-state step-backwater model to an established streamgage rating curve. The step-backwater model then was used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for 10 flood stages at the streamgage with corresponding streamflows ranging from approximately the 50- to 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities. The computed flood profiles were used in combination with digital elevation data to delineate flood-inundation areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Holmes County, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Ostheimer, C.J., 2013, Development of flood profiles and flood-inundation maps for the Village of Killbuck, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1032, iv, 8 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131032.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.; Downloads Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1032.gif"},{"id":267854,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1032/GIS_data_downloads"},{"id":267852,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1032/"},{"id":267853,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1032/pdf/OFR2013-1032.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Killbuck","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.987175,40.487845 ], [ -81.987175,40.506004 ], [ -81.975585,40.506004 ], [ -81.975585,40.487845 ], [ -81.987175,40.487845 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5125f084e4b09d00759cd050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostheimer, Chad J. ostheime@usgs.gov","contributorId":2160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostheimer","given":"Chad","email":"ostheime@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043830,"text":"ofr20131035 - 2013 - Conservation and Ecology of Marine Forage Fishes--Proceedings of a Research Symposium, September 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T15:55:49","indexId":"ofr20131035","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1035","title":"Conservation and Ecology of Marine Forage Fishes--Proceedings of a Research Symposium, September 2012","docAbstract":"Locally and globally, there is growing recognition of the critical roles that herring, smelt, sand lance, eulachon, and other forage fishes play in marine ecosystems. Scientific and resource management entities throughout the Salish Sea, agree that extensive information gaps exist, both in basic biological knowledge and parameters critical to fishery management. Communication and collaboration among researchers also is inadequate. Building on the interest and enthusiasm generated by recent forage fish workshops and symposia around the region, the 2012 Research Symposium on the Conservation and Ecology of Marine Forage Fishes was designed to elucidate practical recommendations for science and policy needs and actions, and spur further collaboration in support for the precautionary management of forage fish. This dynamic and productive event was a joint venture of the Northwest Straits Commission Forage Fish Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), and The Puget Sound Partnership. The symposium was held on September 12–14, 2012, at the University of Washington, Friday Harbor Laboratories campus. Sixty scientists, graduate students, and fisheries policy experts convened; showcasing ongoing research, conservation, and management efforts targeting forage fish from regional and national perspectives. The primary objectives of this event were to: (1) review current research and management related to marine forage fish species; and (2) identify priority science and policy needs and actions for Washington, British Columbia, and the entire West Coast. Given the diversity of knowledge, interests, and disciplines surrounding forage fish on both sides of the international border, the organizing committee made a concerted effort to contact many additional experts who, although unable to attend, provided valuable insights and ideas to the symposium structure and discussions. The value of the symposium format was highlighted in the closing remarks delivered by Joseph Gaydos, SeaDoc Society and Chair of the Puget Sound Science Panel. Dr. Gaydos’ presentation referenced the 2011 paper by Murray Rudd in the journal Conservation Biology, “How research-prioritization exercises affect conservation policy.” The paper points out that policy makers and funding agencies are more likely to gain a full understanding of issues when they are presented with research findings from an aligned research program. That is, compared to unaligned research strategies, where work is not based on identified research priorities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northwest Straits Commission, the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Puget Sound Partnership","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T., Gibson, C., Lowry, D., and Fagergren, D., 2013, Conservation and Ecology of Marine Forage Fishes--Proceedings of a Research Symposium, September 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1035, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131035.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1035.jpg"},{"id":267846,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1035/"},{"id":267847,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1035/pdf/ofr20131035.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5125f05fe4b09d00759cd04c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa","contributorId":91763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, Caroline","contributorId":75401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Caroline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowry, Dayv","contributorId":80563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Dayv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fagergren, Duane","contributorId":19445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagergren","given":"Duane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043522,"text":"ofr20131029 - 2013 - Water-quality data collected to determine the presence, source, and concentration of lead in the drinking water supply at Pipe Spring National Monument, northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T13:32:05","indexId":"ofr20131029","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1029","title":"Water-quality data collected to determine the presence, source, and concentration of lead in the drinking water supply at Pipe Spring National Monument, northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Pipe Spring National Monument in northern Arizona contains historically significant springs. The groundwater source of these springs is the same aquifer that presently is an important source of drinking water for the Pipe Spring National Monument facilities, the Kaibab Paiute Tribe, and the community of Moccasin. The Kaibab Paiute Tribe monitored lead concentrations from 2004 to 2009; some of the analytical results exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency action level for treatment technique for lead of 15 parts per billion. The National Park Service and the Kaibab Paiute Tribe were concerned that the local groundwater system that provides the domestic water supply might be contaminated with lead. Lead concentrations in water samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from three springs, five wells, two water storage tanks, and one faucet were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency action level for treatment technique. Lead concentrations of rock samples representative of the rock units in which the local groundwater resides were less than 22 parts per million.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., Sharrow, D., and Unema, J., 2013, Water-quality data collected to determine the presence, source, and concentration of lead in the drinking water supply at Pipe Spring National Monument, northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1029, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131029.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1029.jpg"},{"id":267406,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1029/"},{"id":267407,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1029/pdf/ofr2013-1029.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e078de4b071e86a19a413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharrow, David","contributorId":21046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharrow","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unema, Joel","contributorId":45171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unema","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043520,"text":"ofr20131014 - 2013 - Model documentation for relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in the North Fork Ninnescah River upstream from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1999--2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T13:09:37","indexId":"ofr20131014","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1014","title":"Model documentation for relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in the North Fork Ninnescah River upstream from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1999--2009","docAbstract":"Cheney Reservoir in south-central Kansas is one of the primary sources of water for the city of Wichita. The North Fork Ninnescah River is the largest contributing tributary to Cheney Reservoir. The U.S. Geological Survey has operated a continuous real-time water-quality monitoring station since 1998 on the North Fork Ninnescah River. Continuously measured water-quality physical properties include streamflow, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Discrete water-quality samples were collected during 1999 through 2009 and analyzed for sediment, nutrients, bacteria, and other water-quality constituents. Regression models were developed to establish relations between discretely sampled constituent concentrations and continuously measured physical properties to estimate concentrations of those constituents of interest that are not easily measured in real time because of limitations in sensor technology and fiscal constraints. Regression models were published in 2006 that were based on a different dataset collected during 1997 through 2003. This report updates those models using discrete and continuous data collected during January 1999 through December 2009. Models also were developed for five new constituents, including additional nutrient species and indicator bacteria. The water-quality information in this report is important to the city of Wichita because it allows the concentrations of many potential pollutants of interest, including nutrients and sediment, to be estimated in real time and characterized over conditions and time scales that would not be possible otherwise.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., Graham, J.L., and Gatotho, J.W., 2013, Model documentation for relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in the North Fork Ninnescah River upstream from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1999--2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1014, xii, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131014.","productDescription":"xii, 101 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-041134","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1014.gif"},{"id":267397,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1014/"},{"id":267398,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1014/of13-1014.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Ninnescah River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -102.0,40.0 ], [ -94.5884,40.0 ], [ -94.5884,37.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e078be4b071e86a19a40b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gatotho, Jackline W.","contributorId":76616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatotho","given":"Jackline","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043575,"text":"ofr20131036 - 2013 - Population estimates for the Toiyabe population of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), 2004–10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:32:08","indexId":"ofr20131036","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1036","title":"Population estimates for the Toiyabe population of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), 2004–10","docAbstract":"The Toiyabe population of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris, hereafter \"Toiyabe frogs\") is a geographically isolated population located in central Nevada (fig. 1). The Toiyabe population is part of the Great Basin Distinct Population Segment of Columbia spotted frogs, and is a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2011). The cluster of breeding sites in central Nevada represents the southernmost extremity of the Columbia spotted frogs' known range (Funk and others, 2008). Toiyabe frogs are known to occur in seven drainages in Nye County, Nevada: Reese River, Cow Canyon Creek, Ledbetter Canyon Creek, Cloverdale Creek, Stewart Creek, Illinois Creek, and Indian Valley Creek. Most of the Toiyabe frog population resides in the Reese River, Indian Valley Creek, and Cloverdale Creek drainages (fig. 1; Nevada Department of Wildlife, 2003). Approximately 90 percent of the Toiyabe frogs' habitat is on public land. Most of the public land habitat (95 percent) is managed by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), while the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages the remainder. Additional Toiyabe frog habitat is under Yomba Shoshone Tribal management and in private ownership (Nevada Department of Wildlife, 2003). The BLM, USFS, Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), Nevada Natural Heritage Program (NNHP), Nye County, and U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have monitored the Toiyabe population since 2004 using mark and recapture surveys (Nevada Department of Wildlife, 2004). The USFWS contracted with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to produce population estimates using these data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 8) and the Nevada Natural Heritage Program","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Mellison, C., and Galvan, S., 2013, Population estimates for the Toiyabe population of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), 2004–10: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1036, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131036.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1036.gif"},{"id":267489,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1036/"},{"id":267491,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1036/pdf/ofr20131036.pdf"}],"projection":"Iambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt-toiyabe National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.83,38.5 ], [ -117.83,39.416 ], [ -116.83,39.416 ], [ -116.83,38.5 ], [ -117.83,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f6724e4b03b29402c5e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mellison, Chad","contributorId":28873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mellison","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galvan, Stephanie K.","contributorId":107826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galvan","given":"Stephanie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043258,"text":"ofr20131018 - 2013 - Volcano crisis response at Yellowstone volcanic complex - after-action report for exercise held at Salt Lake City, Utah, November 15, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-08T14:11:21","indexId":"ofr20131018","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1018","title":"Volcano crisis response at Yellowstone volcanic complex - after-action report for exercise held at Salt Lake City, Utah, November 15, 2011","docAbstract":"A functional tabletop exercise was run on November 14-15, 2011 in Salt Lake City, Utah, to test crisis response capabilities, communication protocols, and decision-making by the staff of the multi-agency Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) as they reacted to a hypothetical exercise scenario of accelerating volcanic unrest at the Yellowstone caldera. The exercise simulated a rapid build-up of seismic activity, ground deformation, and hot-spring water-chemistry and temperature anomalies that culminated in a small- to moderate-size phreatomagmatic eruption within Yellowstone National Park. The YVO scientific team's responses to the unfolding events in the scenario and to simulated requests for information by stakeholders and the media were assessed by (a) the exercise organizers; (b) several non-YVO scientists, who observed and queried participants, and took notes throughout the exercise; and (c) the participants themselves, who kept logs of their actions during the exercise and later participated in a group debriefing session and filled out detailed questionnaires. These evaluations were tabulated, interpreted, and summarized for this report, and on the basis of this information, recommendations have been made. Overall, the YVO teams performed their jobs very well. The exercise revealed that YVO scientists were able to successfully provide critical hazards information, issue information statements, and appropriately raise alert levels during a fast-moving crisis. Based on the exercise, it is recommended that several measures be taken to increase YVO effectiveness during a crisis: \n1. Improve role clarification within and between YVO science teams. \n2. Improve communications tools and protocols for data-sharing and consensus-building among YVO scientists, who are geographically and administratively dispersed among various institutions across the United States. \n3. Familiarize YVO staff with Incident Command System (ICS) procedures and protocols, and provide more in-depth training to appropriate staff members, as needed. \n4. Train all science team members in the use of all analytical and computational tools available to them, in order to maximize effectiveness of teams in tracking and interpreting possible accelerating unrest at Yellowstone. \nDesirable pre-crisis preparations include: (a) updating a catalog of existing map and information products (and identifying additional products) that would be helpful during a crisis; (b) creating \"to do\" lists of early-crisis tasks for each scientific team; (c) coordinating radio frequencies among partner agencies; and (d) brief training on and promotion of the internal YVO Web log as a repository for scientific observations, data, photographs, and other material to be shared among YVO scientific teams during a crisis. This exercise was designed as an opportunity to practice response to a fast-developing volcano crisis and to test for organizational and procedural weaknesses that could emerge during a real crisis. This report is based upon the observations of the exercise organizers during the one-day exercise and upon written evaluations by the participants. It does not attempt to evaluate any other aspect of YVO or the scientific expertise of any of the highly competent YVO staff. Participants unanimously found the exercise to be helpful for improving their response capabilities, and it is our hope that the report will be a starting point for internal discussions that will make YVO even better-prepared for some future volcano crisis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131018","usgsCitation":"Pierson, T.C., Driedger, C.L., and Tilling, R.I., 2013, Volcano crisis response at Yellowstone volcanic complex - after-action report for exercise held at Salt Lake City, Utah, November 15, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1018, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131018.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1018.gif"},{"id":267151,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1018/"},{"id":267152,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1018/of2013-1018.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.10,40.70 ], [ -112.10,40.85 ], [ -111.74,40.85 ], [ -111.74,40.70 ], [ -112.10,40.70 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51161e72e4b0d1e3dcdee005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043183,"text":"ofr20131004 - 2013 - Workshop on New Madrid geodesy and the challenges of understanding intraplate earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-06T20:29:24","indexId":"ofr20131004","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1004","title":"Workshop on New Madrid geodesy and the challenges of understanding intraplate earthquakes","docAbstract":"On March 4, 2011, 26 researchers gathered in Norwood, Massachusetts, for a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey and FM Global to discuss geodesy in and around the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) and its relation to earthquake hazard. The group addressed the challenge of reconciling current geodetic measurements, which show low present-day surface strain rates, with paleoseismic evidence of recent, relatively frequent, major earthquakes in the region. Several researchers were invited by the organizing committee to give overview presentations while all participants were encouraged to present their most recent ideas. The overview presentations appear in this report along with a set of recommendations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131004","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O., Calais, E., Langbein, J.O., Magistrale, H., Stein, S., and Zoback, M., 2013, Workshop on New Madrid geodesy and the challenges of understanding intraplate earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1004, iv, 35 p.; Presentations, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131004.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.; Presentations","startPage":"i","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1004.gif"},{"id":267089,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/"},{"id":267091,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/01.Boyd.pdf"},{"id":267090,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/OF13-1004.pdf"},{"id":267092,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/02.Calais.pdf"},{"id":267093,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/03.Langbein.pdf"},{"id":267094,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/04.Zoback.pdf"},{"id":267095,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/05.Freed.pdf"},{"id":267096,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1004/06.Liu.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51137b6ce4b0a9ee4115ba0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver","contributorId":43095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calais, Eric","contributorId":98838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calais","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magistrale, Harold","contributorId":12482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magistrale","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stein, Seth","contributorId":93786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Seth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zoback, Mark","contributorId":81092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043179,"text":"ofr20131005 - 2013 - Defining a data management strategy for USGS Chesapeake Bay studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:04:57.195617","indexId":"ofr20131005","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1005","title":"Defining a data management strategy for USGS Chesapeake Bay studies","docAbstract":"The mission of U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Chesapeake Bay studies is to provide integrated science for improved understanding and management of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Collective USGS efforts in the Chesapeake Bay watershed began in the 1980s, and by the mid-1990s the USGS adopted the watershed as one of its national place-based study areas. Great focus and effort by the USGS have been directed toward Chesapeake Bay studies for almost three decades. The USGS plays a key role in using “ecosystem-based adaptive management, which will provide science to improve the efficiency and accountability of Chesapeake Bay Program activities” (Phillips, 2011). Each year USGS Chesapeake Bay studies produce published research, monitoring data, and models addressing aspects of bay restoration such as, but not limited to, fish health, water quality, land-cover change, and habitat loss. The USGS is responsible for collaborating and sharing this information with other Federal agencies and partners as described under the President’s Executive Order 13508—Strategy for Protecting and Restoring the Chesapeake Bay Watershed signed by President Obama in 2009. Historically, the USGS Chesapeake Bay studies have relied on national USGS databases to store only major nationally available sources of data such as streamflow and water-quality data collected through local monitoring programs and projects, leaving a multitude of other important project data out of the data management process. This practice has led to inefficient methods of finding Chesapeake Bay studies data and underutilization of data resources. Data management by definition is “the business functions that develop and execute plans, policies, practices and projects that acquire, control, protect, deliver and enhance the value of data and information.” (Mosley, 2008a). In other words, data management is a way to preserve, integrate, and share data to address the needs of the Chesapeake Bay studies to better manage data resources, work more efficiently with partners, and facilitate holistic watershed science. It is now the goal of the USGS Chesapeake Bay studies to implement an enhanced and all-encompassing approach to data management. This report discusses preliminary efforts to implement a physical data management system for program data that is not replicated nationally through other USGS databases.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131005","usgsCitation":"Ladino, C., 2013, Defining a data management strategy for USGS Chesapeake Bay studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1005, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131005.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1005.gif"},{"id":267084,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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The basin is bounded by the Washakie Range and Owl Creek and southern Bighorn Mountains on the north, the Casper arch on the east and northeast, and the Granite Mountains on the south, and Wind River Range on the west. 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