{"pageNumber":"910","pageRowStart":"22725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40797,"records":[{"id":70033547,"text":"70033547 - 2008 - The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:32:42","indexId":"70033547","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts.","docAbstract":"<p>Anthropogenic features such as urbanization, roads, and power lines, are increasing in western United States landscapes in response to rapidly growing human populations. However, their spatial effects have not been evaluated. Our goal was to model the human footprint across the western United States. We first delineated the actual area occupied by anthropogenic features, the physical effect area. Next, we developed the human footprint model based on the ecological effect area, the zone influenced by features beyond their physical presence, by combining seven input models: three models quantified top-down anthropogenic influences of synanthropic predators (avian predators, domestic dog and cat presence risk), and four models quantified bottom-up anthropogenic influences on habitat (invasion of exotic plants, human-caused fires, energy extraction, and anthropogenic wildland fragmentation). Using independent bird population data, we found bird abundance of four synanthropic species to correlate positively with human footprint intensity and negatively for three of the six species influenced by habitat fragmentation. We then evaluated the extent of the human footprint in relation to terrestrial (ecoregions) and aquatic systems (major rivers and lakes), regional management and conservation status, physical environment, and temporal changes in human actions. The physical effect area of anthropogenic features covered 13% of the western United States with agricultural land (9.8%) being most dominant. High-intensity human footprint areas (class 8<i>–</i>10) overlapped highly productive low-elevation private landholdings and covered 7% of the western United States compared to 48% for low-intensity areas (class 1<i>–</i>3), which were confined to low-productivity high-elevation federal landholdings. Areas within 1 km of rivers were more affected by the human footprint compared to lakes. Percentage human population growth was higher in low-intensity human footprint areas. The disproportional regional effects of the human footprint on landscapes in the western United States create a challenge to management of ecosystems and wildlife populations. Using footprint models, managers can plan land use actions, develop restoration scenarios, and identify areas of high conservation value at local landscapes within a regional context. Moreover, human footprint models serve as a tool to stratify landscapes for studies investigating floral and faunal response to human disturbance intensity gradients.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/07-0480.1","usgsCitation":"Leu, M., Hanser, S., and Knick, S., 2008, The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts.: Ecological Applications, v. 18, no. 5, p. 1119-1139, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0480.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1119","endPage":"1139","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BMGEMJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Agricultural Land in the Western United States"},{"id":242118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacc1e4b08c986b323700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leu, M.","contributorId":90942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanser, S.E.","contributorId":13823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knick, S.T.","contributorId":71290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031857,"text":"70031857 - 2008 - The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T15:30:56","indexId":"70031857","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The relative abundance of three species of low-oxygen tolerant benthic foraminifers, the PEB index, in foraminiferal assemblages from sediment cores is used to trace the history of low-oxygen bottom-water conditions on the Louisiana shelf. Analyses of a network of box cores indicate that the modern zone of chronic seasonal hypoxia off the Mississippi Delta began to develop around 1920 and was well established by 1960. The pattern of development over the last century is consistent with the interpretation that the formation of modern chronic hypoxia is related to anthropogenic activities resulting in increased transport of nutrients to the Louisiana shelf.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The PEB index in two gravity- and box core pairs (MRD05-4 and 05-6) indicates that low-oxygen bottom-water events have occurred periodically on the Louisiana Shelf for at least the last 1000 14C years. The pre-1900 low-oxygen bottom-water events are likely caused by intervals of increased Mississippi River discharge and widespread wetland export. The PEB record in gravity cores indicates that the pre-1900 low-oxygen bottom-water events were not as well developed or as geographically extensive as the modern hypoxia zone. We conclude that the development of low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf is a natural process that has been negatively modified by human activities in the last 100 years.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.10.005","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L., Poore, R., and Swarzenski, P., 2008, The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 66, no. 3-4, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.10.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214836,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.10.005"},{"id":242588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,28.0 ], [ -94.0,30.0 ], [ -89.5,30.0 ], [ -89.5,28.0 ], [ -94.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad81e4b08c986b323c60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033429,"text":"70033429 - 2008 - Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033429","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA)","docAbstract":"In September 2004, rain from the remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan triggered at least 155 landslides in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. At least 33 debris flows occurred in Macon County, causing 5 deaths, destroying 16 homes, and damaging infrastructure. We mapped debris flows and debris deposits using a light-detecting and ranging digital elevation model, remote imagery and field studies integrated in a geographic information system. Evidence of past debris flows was found at all recent debris flow sites. Orographic rainfall enhancement along topographic escarpments influenced debris flow frequency at higher elevations. A possible trigger for the Wayah and fatal Peeks Creek debris flows was a spiral rain band within Ivan that moved across the area with short duration rainfall rates of 150-230 mm/h. Intersecting bedrock structures in polydeformed metamorphic rock influence the formation of catchments within structural-geomorphic domains where debris flows originate. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-007-0109-9","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Wooten, R., Gillon, K., Witt, A., Latham, R., Douglas, T., Bauer, J., Fuemmeler, S., and Lee, L., 2008, Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA): Landslides, v. 5, no. 1, p. 31-44, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0109-9.","startPage":"31","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0109-9"},{"id":240831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2208e4b0c8380cd56cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooten, R.M.","contributorId":93593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooten","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillon, K.A.","contributorId":63464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillon","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witt, A.C.","contributorId":26146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latham, R.S.","contributorId":66920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latham","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, T.J.","contributorId":79308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bauer, J.B.","contributorId":67293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fuemmeler, S.J.","contributorId":92873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuemmeler","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, L.G.","contributorId":9471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033392,"text":"70033392 - 2008 - Identification of spectral units on Phoebe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033392","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of spectral units on Phoebe","docAbstract":"We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by medium and high spatial resolution, to perform a raw spectral classification of the surface of Phoebe. The combination of statistics and comparative analysis of the different areas using both the VIMS and ISS data is explored in order to highlight possible correlations with the surface geology. In general, the results by Clark et al. [Clark, R.N., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Nelson, R.M., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Lunine, J., Hoefen, T., Curchin, J.M., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Matz, K.-D., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., 2005. Nature 435, 66-69] are confirmed; but we also identify new signatures not reported before, such as the aliphatic CH stretch at 3.53 ??m and the ???4.4 ??m feature possibly related to cyanide compounds. On the basis of the band strengths computed for several absorption features and for the homogeneous spectral types isolated by the G-mode, a strong correlation of CO2 and aromatic hydrocarbons with exposed water ice, where the uniform layer covering Phoebe has been removed, is established. On the other hand, an anti-correlation of cyanide compounds with CO2 is suggested at a medium resolution scale. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Coradini, A., Tosi, F., Gavrishin, A., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Filacchione, G., Adriani, A., Brown, R.H., Bellucci, G., Formisano, V., D’Aversa, E., Lunine, J., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Combes, M., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hedman, M., Hansen, G.B., Hibbitts, C.A., Showalter, M., Griffith, C., and Strazzulla, G., 2008, Identification of spectral units on Phoebe: Icarus, v. 193, no. 1, p. 233-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023.","startPage":"233","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476692,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00499081","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213597,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023"},{"id":241241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383de4b0c8380cd614c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tosi, F.","contributorId":9472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gavrishin, A.I.","contributorId":19785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavrishin","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adriani, A.","contributorId":45124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adriani","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"D’Aversa, E.","contributorId":31949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Aversa","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lunine, J. I.","contributorId":51899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunine","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Clark, R. 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,{"id":70033390,"text":"70033390 - 2008 - Constitutive relationships and physical basis of fault strength due to flash heating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033390","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constitutive relationships and physical basis of fault strength due to flash heating","docAbstract":"We develop a model of fault strength loss resulting from phase change at asperity contacts due to flash heating that considers a distribution of contact sizes and nonsteady state evolution of fault strength with displacement. Laboratory faulting experiments conducted at high sliding velocities, which show dramatic strength reduction below the threshold for bulk melting, are well fit by the model. The predicted slip speed for the onset of weakening is in the range of 0.05 to 2 m/s, qualitatively consistent with the limited published observations. For this model, earthquake stress drops and effective shear fracture energy should be linearly pressure-dependent, whereas the onset speed may be pressure-independent or weakly pressure-dependent. On the basis of the theory, flash weakening is expected to produce large dynamic stress drops, small effective shear fracture energy, and undershoot. Estimates of the threshold slip speed, stress drop, and fracture energy are uncertain due to poor knowledge of the average ontact dimension, shear zone thickness and gouge particle size at seismogenic depths. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB004988","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., Tullis, T., and Goldsby, D., 2008, Constitutive relationships and physical basis of fault strength due to flash heating: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB004988.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476803,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb004988","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB004988"},{"id":241208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa06e4b0c8380cd4d8a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tullis, T.E.","contributorId":91252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tullis","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldsby, D.L.","contributorId":84107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsby","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033386,"text":"70033386 - 2008 - Potential for 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:35:02","indexId":"70033386","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The potential for in situ biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was investigated in three hydrologically distinct streams impacted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States. Microcosms were prepared with sediments from each site and amended with [U-ring-<sup>14</sup>C]4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol (4-<i>n</i>-NP) as a model test substrate. Microcosms prepared with sediment collected upstream of the WWTP outfalls and incubated under oxic conditions showed rapid and complete mineralization of [U-ring-<sup>14</sup>C]4- <i>n</i>-NP to <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> in all three systems. In contrast, no mineralization of [U-ring-<sup>14</sup>C]4-<i>n</i>-NP was observed in these sediments under anoxic (methanogenic) conditions. The initial linear rate of [U-ring-14C]4-n-NP mineralization in sediments from upstream and downstream of the respective WWTP outfalls was inversely correlated with the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the streambed sediments. These results suggest that the net supply of dissolved oxygen to streambed sediments is a key determinant of the rate and extent of 4-NP biodegradation in stream systems. In the stream systems considered by the present study, dissolved oxygen concentrations in the overlying water column (8&ndash;10 mg/L) and in the bed sediment pore water (1&ndash;3 mg/L at a depth of 10 cm below the sediment&ndash;water interface) were consistent with active in situ 4-NP biodegradation. These results suggest WWTP procedures that maximize the delivery of dissolved oxygen while minimizing the release of BOD to stream receptors favor efficient biodegradation of 4-NP contaminants in wastewater-impacted stream environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1897/07-333R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Barber, L.B., Kolpin, D., McMahon, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 2008, Potential for 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 260-265, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-333R.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033319,"text":"70033319 - 2008 - Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033319","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling","docAbstract":"Plot-scale experimentation can provide valuable insight into the effects of manure management practices on phosphorus (P) runoff, but whole-farm evaluation is needed for complete assessment of potential trade offs. Artificially-applied rainfall experimentation on small field plots and event-based and long-term simulation modeling were used to compare P loss in runoff related to two dairy manure application methods (surface application with and without incorporation by tillage) on contrasting Pennsylvania soils previously under no-till management. Results of single-event rainfall experiments indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses in runoff from manured plots decreased by up to 90% with manure incorporation while total P losses did not change significantly. Longer-term whole farm simulation modeling indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses would decrease by 8% with manure incorporation while total P losses would increase by 77% due to greater erosion from fields previously under no-till. Differences in the two methods of inference point to the need for caution in extrapolating research findings. Single-event rainfall experiments conducted shortly after manure application simulate incidental transfers of dissolved P in manure to runoff, resulting in greater losses of dissolved reactive P. However, the transfer of dissolved P in applied manure diminishes with time. Over the annual time frame simulated by whole farm modeling, erosion processes become more important to runoff P losses. Results of this study highlight the need to consider the potential for increased erosion and total P losses caused by soil disturbance during incorporation. This study emphasizes the ability of modeling to estimate management practice effectiveness at the larger scales when experimental data is not available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00224","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A., Veith, T., Kleinman, P., Rotz, C., and Saporito, L., 2008, Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 63, no. 4, p. 204-211.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddae4b0c8380cd49a5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, A.M.","contributorId":31585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veith, T.L.","contributorId":40432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veith","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleinman, P.J.A.","contributorId":29224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinman","given":"P.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rotz, C.A.","contributorId":9074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotz","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saporito, L.S.","contributorId":22158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporito","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030616,"text":"70030616 - 2008 - Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030616","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data","docAbstract":"We report Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations of coseismic displacements and postseismic transients from the great Sumatra-Andaman Islands (thrust event; Mw ???9.2) earthquake in December 2004. Instead of using global spherical harmonic solutions of monthly gravity fields, we estimated the gravity changes directly using intersatellite range-rate data with regionally concentrated spherical Slepian basis functions every 15-day interval. We found significant step-like (coseismic) and exponential-like (postseismic) behavior in the time series of estimated coefficients (from May 2003 to April 2007) for the spherical Slepian function's. After deriving coseismic slip estimates from seismic and geodetic data that spanned different time intervals, we estimated and evaluated postseismic relaxation mechanisms with alternate asthenosphere viscosity models. The large spatial coverage and uniform accuracy of our GRACE solution enabled us to clearly delineate a postseismic transient signal in the first 2 years of postearthquake GRACE data. Our preferred interpretation of the long-wavelength components of the postseismic avity change is biviscous viscoelastic flow. We estimated a transient viscosity of 5 ??17 Pa s and a steady state viscosity of 5 ?? 1018 - 1019 Pa s. Additional years of the GRACE observations should provide improved steady state viscosity estimates. In contrast to our interpretation of coseismic gravity change, the prominent postearthquake positive gravity change around the Nicobar Islands is accounted for by seafloor uplift with less postseismic perturbation in intrinsic density in the region surrounding the earthquake. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005705","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Han, S., Sauber, J., Luthcke, S., Ji, C., and Pollitz., F.F., 2008, Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005705.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476758,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005705"},{"id":239567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3928e4b0c8380cd6180e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, S.-C.","contributorId":11000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauber, J.","contributorId":31540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luthcke, S.B.","contributorId":33125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollitz., F. F.","contributorId":70188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz.","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033309,"text":"70033309 - 2008 - Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:08:01","indexId":"70033309","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater","docAbstract":"Adsorption of Ni and Pb on aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA increased with increasing pH and metal-ion concentration. Adsorption could be described quantitatively using a semi-mechanistic surface complexation model (SCM), in which adsorption is described using chemical reactions between metal ions and adsorption sites. Equilibrium reactive transport simulations incorporating the SCMs, formation of metal-ion-EDTA complexes, and either Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide solubility or Zn desorption from sediments identified important factors responsible for trends observed during transport experiments conducted with EDTA complexes of Ni, Zn, and Pb in the Cape Cod aquifer. Dissociation of Pb-EDTA by Fe(III) is more favorable than Ni-EDTA because of differences in Ni- and Pb-adsorption to the sediments. Dissociation of Ni-EDTA becomes more favorable with decreasing Ni-EDTA concentration and decreasing pH. In contrast to Ni, Pb-EDTA can be dissociated by Zn desorbed from the aquifer sediments. Variability in adsorbed Zn concentrations has a large impact on Pb-EDTA dissociation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Kent, D., Davis, J., Joye, J., and Curtis, G., 2008, Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater: Environmental Pollution, v. 153, no. 1, p. 44-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b94e4b0c8380cd62678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joye, J.L.","contributorId":56389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033225,"text":"70033225 - 2008 - Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033225","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region","docAbstract":"Conservation prioritization usually focuses on conservation of rare species or biodiversity, rather than ecological processes. This is partially due to a lack of informative indicators of ecosystem function. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) trap and retain soil and water resources in arid ecosystems and function as major carbon and nitrogen fixers; thus, they may be informative indicators of ecosystem function. We created spatial models of multiple indicators of the diversity and function of BSCs (species richness, evenness, functional diversity, functional redundancy, number of rare species, number of habitat specialists, nitrogen and carbon fixation indices, soil stabilization, and surface roughening) for the 800,000-ha Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Utah, U.S.A.). We then combined the indicators into a single BSC function map and a single BSC biodiversity map (2 alternative types of conservation value) with an unweighted averaging procedure and a weighted procedure derived from validations performance. We also modeled potential degradation with data from a rangeland assessment survey. To determine which areas on the landscape were the highest conservation priorities, we overlaid the function- and diversity-based conservation-value layers on the potential degradation layer. Different methods for ascribing conservation-value and conservation-priority layers all yielded strikingly similar results (r = 0.89-0.99), which suggests that in this case biodiversity and function can be conserved simultaneously. We believe BSCs can be used as indicators of ecosystem function in concert with other indicators (such as plant-community properties) and that such information can be used to prioritize conservation effort in drylands. ?? 2008 Society for Conservation Biology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x","issn":"08888","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., Belnap, J., Sisk, T., and Johnson, N., 2008, Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region: Conservation Biology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1533-1543, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1543","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x"},{"id":240822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c72e4b0c8380cd7e6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sisk, T.D.","contributorId":54023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisk","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, N.C.","contributorId":29567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033139,"text":"70033139 - 2008 - Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033139","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study","docAbstract":"In recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of nanomaterials may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of nanomaterials exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due to poor description of the nanomaterial or incomplete characterization, including failure to recognise impurities, surface modifications or other important physicochemical aspects of the nanomaterial. Here we make a case for the importance of good quality, well-characterized nanomaterials for future toxicological studies, combined with reliable synthesis protocols, and we present our efforts to generate such materials. The model system for which we present results is TiO2 nanoparticles, currently used in a variety of commercial products. ?? 2008 The Mineralogical Society.","largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","language":"English","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"Valsami-Jones, E., Berhanu, D., Dybowska, A., Misra, S., Boccaccini, A., Tetley, T., Luoma, S., and Plant, J., 2008, Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study, <i>in</i> Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 515-519, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515.","startPage":"515","endPage":"519","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515"},{"id":241014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6182e4b0c8380cd719dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dybowska, A.","contributorId":47171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Misra, S.","contributorId":107940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boccaccini, A.R.","contributorId":59637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boccaccini","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tetley, T.D.","contributorId":52796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetley","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plant, J.A.","contributorId":84137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033002,"text":"70033002 - 2008 - 4D volcano gravimetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T11:13:45","indexId":"70033002","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"4D volcano gravimetry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time-dependent gravimetric measurements can detect subsurface processes long before magma flow leads to earthquakes or other eruption precursors. The ability of gravity measurements to detect subsurface mass flow is greatly enhanced if gravity measurements are analyzed and modeled with ground-deformation data. Obtaining the maximum information from microgravity studies requires careful evaluation of the layout of network benchmarks, the gravity environmental signal, and the coupling between gravity changes and crustal deformation. When changes in the system under study are fast (hours to weeks), as in hydrothermal systems and restless volcanoes, continuous gravity observations at selected sites can help to capture many details of the dynamics of the intrusive sources. Despite the instrumental effects, mainly caused by atmospheric temperature, results from monitoring at Mt. Etna volcano show that continuous measurements are a powerful tool for monitoring and studying volcanoes. Several analytical and numerical mathematical models can be used to fit gravity and deformation data. Analytical models offer a closed-form description of the volcanic source. In principle, this allows one to readily infer the relative importance of the source parameters. In active volcanic sites such as Long Valley caldera (California, U.S.A.) and Campi Flegrei (Italy), careful use of analytical models and high-quality data sets has produced good results. However, the simplifications that make analytical models tractable might result in misleading volcanological interpretations, particularly when the real crust surrounding the source is far from the homogeneous/isotropic assumption. Using numerical models allows consideration of more realistic descriptions of the sources and of the crust where they are located (e.g., vertical and lateral mechanical discontinuities, complex source geometries, and topography). Applications at Teide volcano (Tenerife) and Campi Flegrei demonstrate the importance of this more realistic description in gravity calculations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2977792","issn":"00168","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., Gottsmann, J., Carbone, D., and Fernandez, J., 2008, 4D volcano gravimetry: Geophysics, v. 73, no. 6, p. WA3-WA18, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"WA3","endPage":"WA18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476650,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/24116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e26ae4b0c8380cd45b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottsmann, J.","contributorId":42043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottsmann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbone, D.","contributorId":92060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, J.","contributorId":46229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032917,"text":"70032917 - 2008 - Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70032917","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora","docAbstract":"The majority of planetary aurorae are produced by electrical currents flowing between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere which accelerate energetic charged particles that hit the upper atmosphere. At Saturn, these processes collisionally excite hydrogen, causing ultraviolet emission, and ionize the hydrogen, leading to H3+ infrared emission. Although the morphology of these aurorae is affected by changes in the solar wind, the source of the currents which produce them is a matter of debate. Recent models predict only weak emission away from the main auroral oval. Here we report images that show emission both poleward and equatorward of the main oval (separated by a region of low emission). The extensive polar emission is highly variable with time, and disappears when the main oval has a spiral morphology; this suggests that although the polar emission may be associated with minor increases in the dynamic pressure from the solar wind, it is not directly linked to strong magnetospheric compressions. This aurora appears to be unique to Saturn and cannot be explained using our current understanding of Saturn's magnetosphere. The equatorward arc of emission exists only on the nightside of the planet, and arises from internal magnetospheric processes that are currently unknown. ??2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature07440","issn":"00280","usgsCitation":"Stallard, T., Miller, S., Lystrup, M., Achilleos, N., Bunce, E., Arridge, C., Dougherty, M., Cowley, S., Badman, S., Talboys, D., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Sotin, C., Nicholson, P.D., and Drossart, P., 2008, Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora: Nature, v. 456, no. 7219, p. 214-217, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07440.","startPage":"214","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500618,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2381/25466","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07440"},{"id":240739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"456","issue":"7219","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f911e4b0c8380cd4d3f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallard, T.","contributorId":89357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, S.","contributorId":60351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lystrup, M.","contributorId":31987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lystrup","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Achilleos, N.","contributorId":49609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Achilleos","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunce, E.J.","contributorId":64459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunce","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arridge, C.S.","contributorId":87762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arridge","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dougherty, M.K.","contributorId":102279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dougherty","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cowley, S.W.H.","contributorId":30452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowley","given":"S.W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Badman, S.V.","contributorId":80492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Talboys, D.L.","contributorId":96093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talboys","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70032914,"text":"70032914 - 2008 - Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032914","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Twelve cores from the protected reef-flat of Molokai revealed that carbonate sediment accumulation, ranging from 3 mm year-1 to less than 1 mm year-1, ended on average 2,500 years ago. Modern sediment is present as a mobile surface veneer but is not trapped within the reef framework. This finding is consistent with the arrest of deposition at the end of the mid-Holocene highstand, known locally as the \"Kapapa Stand of the Sea,\" ???2 m above the present datum ca. 3,500 years ago in the main Hawaiian Islands. Subsequent erosion, non-deposition, and/or a lack of rigid binding were probable factors leading to the lack of reef-flat accumulation during the late Holocene sea-level fall. Given anticipated climate changes, increased sedimentation of reef-flat environments is to be expected as a consequence of higher sea level. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0410-7","issn":"07224","usgsCitation":"Engels, M., Fletcher, C.H., Field, M., Conger, C., and Bochicchio, C., 2008, Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 4, p. 991-996, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0410-7.","startPage":"991","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0410-7"},{"id":241213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe7be4b0c8380cd4ed55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engels, M.S.","contributorId":22159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engels","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, C. H.","contributorId":106671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.","contributorId":54003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conger, C.L.","contributorId":19784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bochicchio, C.","contributorId":33540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bochicchio","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032852,"text":"70032852 - 2008 - Joint variability of global runoff and global sea surface temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032852","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint variability of global runoff and global sea surface temperatures","docAbstract":"Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905-2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing runoff is most notable in western Africa. The second principal component explains 9% of the total variance and reflects variability of the El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its associated influence on global annual runoff patterns. The third component explains 5% of the total variance and indicates a response of global annual runoff to variability in North Aflantic SSTs. The association between runoff and North Atlantic SSTs may explain an apparent steplike change in runoff that occurred around 1970 for a number of continental regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2008JHM943.1","issn":"15257","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D., 2008, Joint variability of global runoff and global sea surface temperatures: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 816-824, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM943.1.","startPage":"816","endPage":"824","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476693,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm943.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM943.1"},{"id":241270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4007e4b0c8380cd649f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032849,"text":"70032849 - 2008 - Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: Mass-balance weathering fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70032849","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: Mass-balance weathering fluxes","docAbstract":"Geochemical research on natural weathering has often been directed towards explanations of the chemical composition of surface water and ground water resulting from subsurface water-rock interactions. These interactions are often defined as the incongruent dissolution of primary silicates, such as feldspar, producing secondary weathering products, such as clay minerals and oxyhydroxides, and solute fluxes (Meunier and Velde, 1979). The chemical composition of the clay-mineral product is often ignored. However, in earlier investigations, the saprolitic weathering profile at the South Fork Brokenback Run (SFBR) watershed, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, was characterized extensively in terms of its mineralogical and chemical composition (Piccoli, 1987; Pochatila et al., 2006; Jones et al., 2007) and its basic hydrology. O'Brien et al. (1997) attempted to determine the contribution of primary mineral weathering to observed stream chemistry at SFBR. Mass-balance model results, however, could provide only a rough estimate of the weathering reactions because idealized mineral compositions were utilized in the calculations. Making use of detailed information on the mineral occurrence in the regolith, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of compositional variation on mineral-solute mass-balance modelling and to generate plausible quantitative weathering reactions that support both the chemical evolution of the surface water and ground water in the catchment, as well as the mineralogical evolution of the weathering profile. ?? 2008 The Mineralogical Society.","largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","language":"English","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.65","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., and Herman, J., 2008, Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: Mass-balance weathering fluxes, <i>in</i> Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 65-69, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.65.","startPage":"65","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.65"},{"id":241744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1646e4b0c8380cd55103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, J.S.","contributorId":73345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032810,"text":"70032810 - 2008 - Failure mechanism of shear-wall dominant multi-story buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032810","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Failure mechanism of shear-wall dominant multi-story buildings","docAbstract":"The recent trend in the building industry of Turkey as well as in many European countries is towards utilizing the tunnel form (shear-wall dominant) construction system for development of multi-story residential units. The tunnel form buildings diverge from other conventional reinforced concrete (RC) buildings due to the lack of beams and columns in their structural integrity. The vertical load-carrying members of these buildings are the structural-walls only, and the floor system is a flat plate. Besides the constructive advantages, tunnel form buildings provide superior seismic performance compared to conventional RC frame and dual systems as observed during the recent devastating earthquakes in Turkey (1999 Mw 7.4 Kocaeli, Mw 7.2 Duzce, and 2004 Mw 6.5 Bingol). With its proven earthquake performance, the tunnel form system is becoming the primary construction technique in many seismically active regions. In this study, a series of nonlinear analyses were conducted using finite element (FE) models to augment our understanding on their failure mechanism under lateral forces. In order to represent the nonlinear behavior adequately, The FE models were verified with the results of experimental studies performed on three dimensional (3D) scaled tunnel form building specimens. The results of this study indicate that the structural walls of tunnel form buildings may exhibit brittle flexural failure under lateral loading, if they are not properly reinforced. The global tension/compression couple triggers this failure mechanism by creating pure axial tension in the outermost shear-walls.","largerWorkTitle":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","conferenceTitle":"4th International Conference on High Performance Structures and Materials, HPSM 2008","conferenceDate":"13 May 2008 through 15 May 2008","conferenceLocation":"Algarve","language":"English","doi":"10.2495/HPSM080351","issn":"17433","isbn":"9781845641061","usgsCitation":"Yuksel, S., and Kalkan, E., 2008, Failure mechanism of shear-wall dominant multi-story buildings, <i>in</i> WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, v. 97, Algarve, 13 May 2008 through 15 May 2008, p. 337-346, https://doi.org/10.2495/HPSM080351.","startPage":"337","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476649,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/hpsm080351","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2495/HPSM080351"},{"id":241703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0edfe4b0c8380cd53678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuksel, S.B.","contributorId":67202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuksel","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032804,"text":"70032804 - 2008 - Modeling mechanisms of vegetation change due to fire in a semi-arid ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032804","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling mechanisms of vegetation change due to fire in a semi-arid ecosystem","docAbstract":"Vegetation growth and community composition in semi-arid environments is determined by water availability and carbon assimilation mechanisms specific to different plant types. Disturbance also impacts vegetation productivity and composition dependent on area affected, intensity, and frequency factors. In this study, a new spatially explicit ecosystem model is presented for the purpose of simulating vegetation cover type changes associated with fire disturbance in the northern Chihuahuan Desert region. The model is called the Landscape and Fire Simulator (LAFS) and represents physiological activity of six functional plant types incorporating site climate, fire, and seed dispersal routines for individual grid cells. We applied this model for Big Bend National Park, Texas, by assessing the impact of wildfire on the trajectory of vegetation communities over time. The model was initialized and calibrated based on landcover maps derived from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper data acquired in 1986 and 1999 coupled with plant biomass measurements collected in the field during 2000. Initial vegetation cover change analysis from satellite data showed shrub encroachment during this time period that was captured in the simulated results. A synthetic 50-year climate record was derived from historical meteorological data to assess system response based on initial landcover conditions. This simulation showed that shrublands increased to the detriment of grass and yucca-ocotillo vegetation cover types indicating an ecosystem-level trajectory for shrub encroachment. Our analysis of simulated fires also showed that fires significantly reduced site biomass components including leaf area, stem, and seed biomass in this semi-arid ecosystem. In contrast to other landscape simulation models, this new model incorporates detailed physiological responses of functional plant types that will allow us to simulated the impact of increased atmospheric CO2 occurring with climate change coupled with fire disturbance. Simulations generated from this model are expected to be the subject of subsequent studies on landscape dynamics with specific regard to prediction of wildlife distributions associated with fire management and climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.032","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"White, J., Gutzwiller, K., Barrow, W., Randall, L., and Swint, P., 2008, Modeling mechanisms of vegetation change due to fire in a semi-arid ecosystem: Ecological Modelling, v. 214, no. 2-4, p. 181-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.032.","startPage":"181","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.032"},{"id":241570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"214","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c09e4b0c8380cd6f9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, J.D.","contributorId":42923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutzwiller, K.J.","contributorId":78124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":17322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randall, L.J.","contributorId":57669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swint, P.","contributorId":37968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swint","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032792,"text":"70032792 - 2008 - Modelling chemical depletion profiles in regolith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032792","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling chemical depletion profiles in regolith","docAbstract":"Chemical or mineralogical profiles in regolith display reaction fronts that document depletion of leachable elements or minerals. A generalized equation employing lumped parameters was derived to model such ubiquitously observed patterns:C = frac(C0, frac(C0 - Cx = 0, Cx = 0) exp (??ini ?? over(k, ??) ?? x) + 1)Here C, Cx = 0, and Co are the concentrations of an element at a given depth x, at the top of the reaction front, or in parent respectively. ??ini is the roughness of the dissolving mineral in the parent and k???? is a lumped kinetic parameter. This kinetic parameter is an inverse function of the porefluid advective velocity and a direct function of the dissolution rate constant times mineral surface area per unit volume regolith. This model equation fits profiles of concentration versus depth for albite in seven weathering systems and is consistent with the interpretation that the surface area (m2 mineral m- 3 bulk regolith) varies linearly with the concentration of the dissolving mineral across the front. Dissolution rate constants can be calculated from the lumped fit parameters for these profiles using observed values of weathering advance rate, the proton driving force, the geometric surface area per unit volume regolith and parent concentration of albite. These calculated values of the dissolution rate constant compare favorably to literature values. The model equation, useful for reaction fronts in both steady-state erosional and quasi-stationary non-erosional systems, incorporates the variation of reaction affinity using pH as a master variable. Use of this model equation to fit depletion fronts for soils highlights the importance of buffering of pH in the soil system. Furthermore, the equation should allow better understanding of the effects of important environmental variables on weathering rates. ?? 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoderma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.02.010","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., Bandstra, J., Moore, J., and White, A.F., 2008, Modelling chemical depletion profiles in regolith: Geoderma, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 494-504, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.02.010.","startPage":"494","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.02.010"},{"id":241395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c62e4b0c8380cd6fc59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandstra, J.","contributorId":7093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandstra","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Jeff","contributorId":49059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032789,"text":"70032789 - 2008 - An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:55:03","indexId":"70032789","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation","docAbstract":"Much of the effort spent in developing data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without considering state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure are attributed to model parameter uncertainties. On the other hand, the accuracy of estimating state variables may be lowered if the temporal evolution of parameter values is not incorporated. This research develops a smoothed ensemble Kalman filter (SEnKF) by combining ensemble Kalman filter with kernel smoothing technique. SEnKF has following characteristics: (1) to estimate simultaneously the model states and parameters through concatenating unknown parameters and state variables into a joint state vector; (2) to mitigate dramatic, sudden changes of parameter values in parameter sampling and parameter evolution process, and control narrowing of parameter variance which results in filter divergence through adjusting smoothing factor in kernel smoothing algorithm; (3) to assimilate recursively data into the model and thus detect possible time variation of parameters; and (4) to address properly various sources of uncertainties stemming from input, output and parameter uncertainties. The SEnKF is tested by assimilating observed fluxes of carbon dioxide and environmental driving factor data from an AmeriFlux forest station located near Howland, Maine, USA, into a partition eddy flux model. Our analysis demonstrates that model parameters, such as light use efficiency, respiration coefficients, minimum and optimum temperatures for photosynthetic activity, and others, are highly constrained by eddy flux data at daily-to-seasonal time scales. The SEnKF stabilizes parameter values quickly regardless of the initial values of the parameters. Potential ecosystem light use efficiency demonstrates a strong seasonality. Results show that the simultaneous parameter estimation procedure significantly improves model predictions. Results also show that the SEnKF can dramatically reduce the variance in state variables stemming from the uncertainty of parameters and driving variables. The SEnKF is a robust and effective algorithm in evaluating and developing ecosystem models and in improving the understanding and quantification of carbon cycle parameters and processes. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Chen, M., Liu, S., Tieszen, L., and Hollinger, D., 2008, An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation: Ecological Modelling, v. 219, no. 3-4, p. 317-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013"}],"volume":"219","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea73e4b0c8380cd48881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, M.","contributorId":73417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollinger, D.Y.","contributorId":86567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollinger","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031844,"text":"70031844 - 2008 - The GIS Weasel: An interface for the development of geographic information used in environmental simulation modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031844","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The GIS Weasel: An interface for the development of geographic information used in environmental simulation modeling","docAbstract":"The GIS Weasel is a freely available, open-source software package built on top of ArcInfo Workstation?? [ESRI, Inc., 2001, ArcInfo Workstation (8.1 ed.), Redlands, CA] for creating maps and parameters of geographic features used in environmental simulation models. The software has been designed to minimize the need for GIS expertise and automate the preparation of the geographic information as much as possible. Although many kinds of data can be exploited with the GIS Weasel, the only information required is a raster dataset of elevation for the user's area of interest (AOI). The user-defined AOI serves as a starting point from which to create maps of many different types of geographic features, including sub-watersheds, streams, elevation bands, land cover patches, land parcels, or anything else that can be discerned from the available data. The GIS Weasel has a library of over 200 routines that can be applied to any raster map of geographic features to generate information about shape, area, or topological association with other features of the same or different maps. In addition, a wide variety of parameters can be derived using ancillary data layers such as soil and vegetation maps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2007.07.004","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Viger, R., 2008, The GIS Weasel: An interface for the development of geographic information used in environmental simulation modeling: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 8, p. 891-901, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.07.004.","startPage":"891","endPage":"901","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.07.004"},{"id":242417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba73de4b08c986b321452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":80711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033690,"text":"70033690 - 2008 - Influence of perched groundwater on base flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:26:09","indexId":"70033690","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of perched groundwater on base flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis with a three‐dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow model provides a basic understanding of the interplay between streams and perched groundwater. A simplified, layered model of heterogeneity was used to explore these relationships. Base flow contribution from perched groundwater was evaluated with regard to varying hydrogeologic conditions, including the size and location of the fine‐sediment unit and the hydraulic conductivity of the fine‐sediment unit and surrounding coarser sediment. Simulated base flow was sustained by perched groundwater with a maximum monthly discharge in excess of 15 L/s (0.6 feet</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s) over the length of the 2000‐m stream reach. Generally, the rate of perched‐groundwater discharge to the stream was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of sediment surrounding the stream, whereas the duration of discharge was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of the fine‐sediment unit. Other aspects of the perched aquifer affected base flow, such as the depth of stream penetration and the size of the fine‐sediment unit. Greater stream penetration decreased the maximum base flow contribution but increased the duration of contribution. Perched groundwater provided water for riparian vegetation at the demand rate but reduced the duration of perched‐groundwater discharge nearly 75%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006160","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., and Fogg, G., 2008, Influence of perched groundwater on base flow: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 3, Article W03405; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006160.","productDescription":"Article W03405; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b63e4b0c8380cd624b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. rniswon@usgs.gov","contributorId":146547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032527,"text":"70032527 - 2008 - Tsunami probability in the Caribbean Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032527","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tsunami probability in the Caribbean Region","docAbstract":"We calculated tsunami runup probability (in excess of 0.5 m) at coastal sites throughout the Caribbean region. We applied a Poissonian probability model because of the variety of uncorrelated tsunami sources in the region. Coastlines were discretized into 20 km by 20 km cells, and the mean tsunami runup rate was determined for each cell. The remarkable ???500-year empirical record compiled by O'Loughlin and Lander (2003) was used to calculate an empirical tsunami probability map, the first of three constructed for this study. However, it is unclear whether the 500-year record is complete, so we conducted a seismic moment-balance exercise using a finite-element model of the Caribbean-North American plate boundaries and the earthquake catalog, and found that moment could be balanced if the seismic coupling coefficient is c = 0.32. Modeled moment release was therefore used to generate synthetic earthquake sequences to calculate 50 tsunami runup scenarios for 500-year periods. We made a second probability map from numerically-calculated runup rates in each cell. Differences between the first two probability maps based on empirical and numerical-modeled rates suggest that each captured different aspects of tsunami generation; the empirical model may be deficient in primary plate-boundary events, whereas numerical model rates lack backarc fault and landslide sources. We thus prepared a third probability map using Bayesian likelihood functions derived from the empirical and numerical rate models and their attendant uncertainty to weight a range of rates at each 20 km by 20 km coastal cell. Our best-estimate map gives a range of 30-year runup probability from 0 - 30% regionally. ?? irkhaueser 2008.","largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-008-0416-7","issn":"00334","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., and Geist, E., 2008, Tsunami probability in the Caribbean Region, <i>in</i> Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 165, no. 11-1, p. 2089-2116, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0416-7.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2116","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0416-7"},{"id":241555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"11-1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8abe4b08c986b3279d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030645,"text":"70030645 - 2008 - Scientific results from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates Joint Industry Project Leg 1 drilling: Introduction and overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:08:50","indexId":"70030645","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific results from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates Joint Industry Project Leg 1 drilling: Introduction and overview","docAbstract":"<p>The Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates Joint Industry Project (JIP) is a consortium of production and service companies and some government agencies formed to address the challenges that gas hydrates pose for deepwater exploration and production. In partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and with scientific assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey and academic partners, the JIP has focused on studies to assess hazards associated with drilling the fine-grained, hydrate-bearing sediments that dominate much of the shallow subseafloor in the deepwater (&gt;500 m) Gulf of Mexico. In preparation for an initial drilling, logging, and coring program, the JIP sponsored a multi-year research effort that included: (a) the development of borehole stability models for hydrate-bearing sediments; (b) exhaustive laboratory measurements of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments; (c) refinement of new techniques for processing industry-standard 3-D seismic data to constrain gas hydrate saturations; and (d) construction of instrumentation to measure the physical properties of sediment cores that had never been removed from in situ hydrostatic pressure conditions. Following review of potential drilling sites, the JIP launched a 35-day expedition in Spring 2005 to acquire well logs and sediment cores at sites in Atwater Valley lease blocks 13/14 and Keathley Canyon lease block 151 in the northern Gulf of Mexico minibasin province. The Keathley Canyon site has a bottom simulating reflection at ???392 m below the seafloor, while the Atwater Valley location is characterized by seafloor mounds with an underlying upwarped seismic reflection consistent with upward fluid migration and possible shoaling of the base of the gas hydrate stability (BGHS). No gas hydrate was recovered at the drill sites, but logging data, and to some extent cores, suggest the occurrence of gas hydrate in inferred coarser-grained beds and fractures, particularly between 220 and 330 m below the seafloor at the Keathley Canyon site. This paper provides an overview of the results of the initial phases of the JIP work and introduces the 15 papers that make up this special volume on the scientific results related to the 2005 logging and drilling expedition.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.007","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, C., Boswell, R., and Jones, E., 2008, Scientific results from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates Joint Industry Project Leg 1 drilling: Introduction and overview: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 819-829, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"829","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2615","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n             27\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b878be4b08c986b31653f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, E.","contributorId":66049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179801,"text":"70179801 - 2008 - Rivers and streams: Ecosystem dynamics and integrating paradigms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T15:18:01","indexId":"70179801","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Rivers and streams: Ecosystem dynamics and integrating paradigms","docAbstract":"<p><span>Full understanding of running waters requires an ecosystem perspective, which encompasses the physical and chemical setting in interaction with dependent biological communities. Several conceptual models or paradigms of river and stream ecosystems that capture critical components of lotic ecosystems have been developed, including the ‘river continuum concept’, to describe fluxes of matter and energy within the stream or river channel together with exchanges between the channel and its terrestrial setting. A complete ecosystem perspective includes consideration of hierarchical spatial scales in a temporal context. Flow of energy in lotic ecosystems is driven by two alternative energy sources: sunlight regulating in-stream photosynthesis and plant litter derived from the stream-side riparian corridor or floodplain. Energy transfers within the ecosystem pass through micro- and macroproducers (algae and vascular hydrophytes) and micro- and macroconsumers (microorganisms, invertebrates, and vertebrates). Material fluxes encompass the cycling of key nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and the transport, storage, and metabolism of dissolved (DOM) and particulate (POM) organic matter (OM). Growth of lotic periphyton (algae and associated microbes, microzoans, and detritus) and coarse (CPOM) and fine (FPOM) particulate organic matter constitute the food resources of nonpredaceous running-water invertebrates (e.g., shredders that consume CPOM and collectors that feed on FPOM and associated microbes of both).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/B978-008045405-4.00354-2","usgsCitation":"Cummins, K., and Wilzbach, M., 2008, Rivers and streams: Ecosystem dynamics and integrating paradigms, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of ecology, p. 3084-3095, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045405-4.00354-2.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"3084","endPage":"3095","ipdsId":"IP-081945","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c838e4b025c4642862b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummins, K.W.","contributorId":88297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummins","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilzbach, M.A.","contributorId":181849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilzbach","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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