The planned removal of two dams that have been in place for over 95 years on the Elwha River provides a unique opportunity to study dam removal effects. Among the largest dams ever considered for removal, this project is compelling because 83% of the watershed lies undisturbed in Olympic National Park. Eighteen million cubic meters of sediment have accumulated in and will be released from the reservoirs, and there is potential for rehabilitating depressed Pacific salmon runs. Researchers from academia, non-profit organizations, federal and state governments, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe are currently assessing baseline ecological conditions of the Elwha River as part of dam removal studies. We introduce dam removal topics, provide a brief history of the dams, and summarize the ecology of the Elwha River basin as an introduction to a special issue devoted to research in the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., Freilich, J., and Schreiner, E.G., 2008, Baseline studies in the Elwha River ecosystem prior to dam removal: Introduction to the special issue: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. sp1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344x-82.s.i.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwa river basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.62777709960939,\n 48.14501426822942\n ],\n [\n -123.74862670898436,\n 48.085418575511966\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 47.95038564051012\n ],\n [\n -123.64837646484375,\n 47.77625204393233\n ],\n [\n -123.59344482421874,\n 47.64873730307524\n ],\n [\n -123.34075927734375,\n 47.702368466573716\n ],\n [\n -123.31192016601561,\n 47.94026691125948\n ],\n [\n -123.38882446289061,\n 48.11476663187632\n ],\n [\n -123.55361938476562,\n 48.154176701412744\n ],\n [\n -123.62777709960939,\n 48.14501426822942\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb67e4b0bb36a4ca6651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":145486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freilich, Jerry","contributorId":42518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freilich","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiner, Edward G.","contributorId":29371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033763,"text":"70033763 - 2008 - Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:06","indexId":"70033763","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach","docAbstract":"Salton Sea, California, like many other lakes, has become eutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, primarily phosphorus (P). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is being prepared for P to reduce the input of P to the Sea. In order to better understand how P-load reductions should affect the average annual water quality of this terminal saline lake, three different eutrophication programs (BATHTUB, WiLMS, and the Seepage Lake Model) were applied. After verifying that specific empirical models within these programs were applicable to this saline lake, each model was calibrated using water-quality and nutrient-loading data for 1999 and then used to simulate the effects of specific P-load reductions. Model simulations indicate that a 50% decrease in external P loading would decrease near-surface total phosphorus concentrations (TP) by 25-50%. Application of other empirical models demonstrated that this decrease in loading should decrease near-surface chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl a) by 17-63% and increase Secchi depths (SD) by 38-97%. The wide range in estimated responses in Chl a and SD were primarily caused by uncertainty in how non-algal turbidity would respond to P-load reductions. If only the models most applicable to the Salton Sea are considered, a 70-90% P-load reduction is required for the Sea to be classified as moderately eutrophic (trophic state index of 55). These models simulate steady-state conditions in the Sea; therefore, it is difficult to ascertain how long it would take for the simulated changes to occur after load reductions. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Schladow, S., 2008, Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 5-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4.","startPage":"5","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa12e4b0c8380cd8611d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033511,"text":"70033511 - 2008 - Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T14:54:19.407749","indexId":"70033511","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","docAbstract":"The faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata, a nonindigenous aquatic snail from Eurasia, was introduced into Lake Michigan in 1871 and has spread to the mid-Atlantic states, the Great Lakes region, Montana, and most recently, the Mississippi River. The faucet snail serves as intermediate host for several trematodes that have caused large-scale mortality among water birds, primarily in the Great Lakes region and Montana. It is important to limit the spread of the faucet snail; small fisheries equipment can serve as a method of snail distribution. Treatments with chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water baths were tested to determine their effectiveness as a disinfectant for small fisheries equipment. Two treatments eliminated all test snails: (1) a 24-h exposure to Hydrothol 191 at a concentration of at least 20 mg/L and (2) a treatment with 50°C heated water for 1 min or longer. Faucet snails were highly resistant to ethanol, NaCl, formalin, Lysol, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, Baquacil, Virkon, household bleach, and pH extremes (as low as 1 and as high as 13).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/M07-211.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, A., and Cole, R.A., 2008, Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1597-1600, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1597","endPage":"1600","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008092","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1"},{"id":242151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Onalaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.37432098388672,\n 43.93845058564532\n ],\n [\n -91.33861541748047,\n 43.883789471638515\n ],\n [\n -91.31183624267578,\n 43.86423779837696\n ],\n [\n -91.30359649658203,\n 43.85606874432798\n ],\n [\n -91.29707336425781,\n 43.8543357707896\n ],\n [\n -91.27784729003906,\n 43.84715577248169\n ],\n [\n -91.2689208984375,\n 43.84814616846517\n ],\n [\n -91.26995086669922,\n 43.85161242490649\n ],\n [\n -91.2747573852539,\n 43.866713048323184\n ],\n [\n -91.2751007080078,\n 43.87438566998196\n ],\n [\n -91.27372741699219,\n 43.88304712020558\n ],\n [\n -91.26960754394531,\n 43.892449554844134\n ],\n [\n -91.2469482421875,\n 43.88576903023492\n ],\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 43.88180984726073\n ],\n [\n -91.23390197753906,\n 43.884036920060474\n ],\n [\n -91.23630523681639,\n 43.892944378711476\n ],\n [\n -91.24282836914062,\n 43.90506627915998\n ],\n [\n -91.2527847290039,\n 43.912486632847994\n ],\n [\n -91.26033782958983,\n 43.91619646278537\n ],\n [\n -91.26995086669922,\n 43.91619646278537\n ],\n [\n -91.27853393554688,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -91.30290985107422,\n 43.93004445112047\n ],\n [\n -91.31217956542969,\n 43.934000427150124\n ],\n [\n -91.3187026977539,\n 43.93696723648486\n ],\n [\n -91.33071899414062,\n 43.93894502714223\n ],\n [\n -91.3351821899414,\n 43.939192246348796\n ],\n [\n -91.34101867675781,\n 43.93721446391471\n ],\n [\n -91.34719848632812,\n 43.93869780690774\n ],\n [\n -91.35612487792969,\n 43.939933897801104\n ],\n [\n -91.37432098388672,\n 43.93845058564532\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2dee4b08c986b31fa08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, A.J.","contributorId":16345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033566,"text":"70033566 - 2008 - Water movement within the unsaturated zone in four agricultural areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033566","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water movement within the unsaturated zone in four agricultural areas of the United States","docAbstract":"Millions of tons of agricultural fertilizer and pesticides are applied annually in the USA. Due to the potential for these chemicals to migrate to groundwater, a study was conducted in 2004 using field data to calculate water budgets, rates of groundwater recharge and times of water travel through the unsaturated zone and to identify factors that influence these phenomena. Precipitation was the only water input at sites in Indiana and Maryland; irrigation accounted for about 80% of total water input at sites in California and Washington. Recharge at the Indiana site (47.5 cm) and at the Maryland site (31.5 cm) were equivalent to 51 and 32%, respectively, of annual precipitation and occurred between growing seasons. Recharge at the California site (42.3 cm) and Washington site (11.9 cm) occurred in response to irrigation events and was about 29 and 13% of total water input, respectively. Average residence time of water in the unsaturated zone, calculated using a piston-flow approach, ranged from less than 1 yr at the Indiana site to more than 8 yr at the Washington site. Results of bromide tracer tests indicate that at three of the four sites, a fraction of the water applied at land surface may have traveled to the water table in less than 1 yr. The timing and intensity of precipitation and irrigation were the dominant factors controlling recharge, suggesting that the time of the year at which chemicals are applied may be important for chemical transport through the unsaturated zone. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0561","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Fisher, L., and Healy, R.W., 2008, Water movement within the unsaturated zone in four agricultural areas of the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1051-1063, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0561.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1063","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0561"},{"id":241890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc85be4b08c986b32c8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, L.H.","contributorId":34725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033410,"text":"70033410 - 2008 - Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:02:40","indexId":"70033410","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","docAbstract":"Land cover changes alter the near surface weather and climate. Changes in land surface properties such as albedo, roughness length, stomatal resistance, and leaf area index alter the surface energy balance, leading to differences in near surface temperatures. This study utilized a newly developed land cover data set for the eastern United States to examine the influence of historical land cover change on June temperatures and precipitation. The new data set contains representations of the land cover and associated biophysical parameters for 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992, capturing the clearing of the forest and the expansion of agriculture over the eastern United States from 1650 to the early twentieth century and the subsequent forest regrowth. The data set also includes the inferred distribution of potentially water‐saturated soils at each time slice for use in the sensitivity tests. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, equipped with the Land Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Feedback (LEAF‐2) land surface parameterization, was used to simulate the weather of June 1996 using the 1992, 1920, 1850, and 1650 land cover representations. The results suggest that changes in surface roughness and stomatal resistance have caused present‐day maximum and minimum temperatures in the eastern United States to warm by about 0.3°C and 0.4°C, respectively, when compared to values in 1650. In contrast, the maximum temperatures have remained about the same, while the minimums have cooled by about 0.1°C when compared to 1920. Little change in precipitation was found.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006546","usgsCitation":"Strack, J.E., Pielke, R.A., Steyaert, L.T., and Knox, R.G., 2008, Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006546.","productDescription":"Article W11401; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d27e4b08c986b31829d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strack, John E.","contributorId":41346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, Roger A. Sr.","contributorId":32762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pielke","given":"Roger","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knox, Robert G.","contributorId":2767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032686,"text":"70032686 - 2008 - Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:09:09","indexId":"70032686","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","docAbstract":"We explored catchment processes that control stream nutrient concentrations at an upland forest in northeastern Vermont, USA, where inputs of nitrogen via atmospheric deposition are among the highest in the nation and affect ecosystem functioning. We traced sources of water, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) using stream water samples collected at high frequency during spring snowmelt. Hydrochemistry, isotopic tracers, and end‐member mixing analyses suggested the timing, sources, and source areas from which water and nutrients entered the stream. Although stream‐dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) both originated from leaching of soluble organic matter, flushing responses between these two DOM components varied because of dynamic shifts of hydrological flow paths and sources that supply the highest concentrations of DOC and DON. High concentrations of stream water nitrate originated from atmospheric sources as well as nitrified sources from catchment soils. We detected nitrification in surficial soils during late snowmelt which affected the nitrate supply that was available to be transported to streams. However, isotopic tracers showed that the majority of nitrate in upslope surficial soil waters after the onset of snowmelt originated from atmospheric sources. A fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen was directly delivered to the stream, and this finding highlights the importance of quick flow pathways during snowmelt events. These findings indicate that interactions among sources, transformations, and hydrologic transport processes must be deciphered to understand why concentrations vary over time and over space as well as to elucidate the direct effects of human activities on nutrient dynamics in upland forest streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006983","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Boyer, E.W., Shanley, J.B., Kendall, C., Doctor, D.H., Aiken, G.R., and Ohte, N., 2008, Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, W12410; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006983.","productDescription":"W12410; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93abe4b08c986b31a610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":195126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ohte, Nobuhito","contributorId":73363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohte","given":"Nobuhito","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033144,"text":"70033144 - 2008 - Influences of fragmentation on three species of native warmwater fishes in a Colorado River Basin headwater stream system, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033144","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of fragmentation on three species of native warmwater fishes in a Colorado River Basin headwater stream system, Wyoming","docAbstract":"We investigated the effects of constructed instream structures on movements and demographics of bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth suckers C. latipinnis, and roundtail chub Gila robusta in the upstream portion of Muddy Creek, an isolated headwater stream system in the upper Colorado River basin of Wyoming. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate upstream and downstream movements of these three native species past a small dam built to divert irrigation water from the stream and a barrier constructed to prevent upstream movements of nonnative salmonids and (2) describe population characteristics in stream segments created by these structures. Our results indicated that upstream and downstream movements of the three target fishes were common. Fish of all three species moved frequently downstream over both structures, displayed some upstream movements over the irrigation diversion dam, and did not move upstream over the fish barrier. Spawning migrations by some fish into an intermittent tributary, which was not separated from Muddy Creek by a barrier, were observed for all three species. Both the irrigation diversion dam and the fish barrier contributed to fragmentation of the native fish populations, and considerable differences in population features were observed among segments. The instream structures may eventually cause extirpation of some native species in one or more of the segments created by the structures. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M07-226.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Compton, R., Hubert, W., Rahel, F., Quist, M., and Bower, M., 2008, Influences of fragmentation on three species of native warmwater fishes in a Colorado River Basin headwater stream system, Wyoming: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1733-1743, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-226.1.","startPage":"1733","endPage":"1743","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213461,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-226.1"},{"id":241087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b9fe4b0c8380cd626ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Compton, R.I.","contributorId":13446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compton","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rahel, F.J.","contributorId":82037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahel","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bower, M.R.","contributorId":14094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033645,"text":"70033645 - 2008 - Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033645","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA","docAbstract":"Landslides in partially saturated colluvium on Seattle, WA, hillslopes have resulted in property damage and human casualties. We developed statistical models of colluvium and shallow-groundwater distributions to aid landslide hazard assessments. The models were developed using a geographic information system, digital geologic maps, digital topography, subsurface exploration results, the groundwater flow modeling software VS2DI and regression analyses. Input to the colluvium model includes slope, distance to a hillslope-crest escarpment, and escarpment slope and height. We developed different statistical relations for thickness of colluvium on four landforms. Groundwater model input includes colluvium basal slope and distance from the Fraser aquifer. This distance was used to estimate hydraulic conductivity based on the assumption that addition of finer-grained material from down-section would result in lower conductivity. Colluvial groundwater is perched so we estimated its saturated thickness. We used VS2DI to establish relations between saturated thickness and the hydraulic conductivity and basal slope of the colluvium. We developed different statistical relations for three groundwater flow regimes. All model results were validated using observational data that were excluded from calibration. Eighty percent of colluvium thickness predictions were within 25% of observed values and 88% of saturated thickness predictions were within 20% of observed values. The models are based on conditions common to many areas, so our method can provide accurate results for similar regions; relations in our statistical models require calibration for new regions. Our results suggest that Seattle landslides occur in native deposits and colluvium, ultimately in response to surface-water erosion of hillstope toes. Regional groundwater conditions do not appear to strongly affect the general distribution of Seattle landslides; historical landslides were equally dispersed within and outside of the area potentially affected by regional groundwater conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1535","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W., Lidke, D., and Godt, J., 2008, Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 33, no. 1, p. 123-141, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1535.","startPage":"123","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476756,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1535","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1535"},{"id":242191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c50e4b0c8380cd6fbc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033745,"text":"70033745 - 2008 - Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033745","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops","docAbstract":"We present a simulation model for risk assessment of the impact of insecticide inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE) applied in irrigated agricultural fields on non-target wildlife. The model, which we developed as a compartment model based on difference equations (??t = 1 h), consists of six submodels describing the dynamics of (1) insecticide application, (2) insecticide movement into floodable soil, (3) irrigation and rain, (4) insecticide dissolution in water, (5) foraging and insecticide intake from water, and (6) ChE inhibition and recovery. To demonstrate application of the model, we simulated historical and \"worst-case\" scenarios of the impact of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) inhabiting natural brushland adjacent to cotton and sugarcane fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA. Only when a rain event occurred just after insecticide application did predicted levels of ChE inhibition surpass the diagnostic level of 20% exposure. The present model should aid in assessing the effect of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on ChE activity of different species that drink contaminated water from irrigated agricultural fields, and in identifying specific situations in which the juxtaposition of environmental conditions and management schemes could result in a high risk to non-target wildlife. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Pisani, J., Grant, W., and Mora, M., 2008, Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops: Ecological Modelling, v. 210, no. 1-2, p. 179-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017.","startPage":"179","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017"},{"id":242165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd8e4b08c986b319190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pisani, J.M.","contributorId":35555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisani","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, W.E.","contributorId":78903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033304,"text":"70033304 - 2008 - Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033304","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario","docAbstract":"Redhorse, Moxostoma spp., are considered to be negatively affected by dams although this assertion is untested for Canadian populations. One hundred and fifty-one sites in the Grand River watershed were sampled to identify factors influencing the distribution of redhorse species. Individual species of redhorse were captured from 3 to 32% of sites. The most widespread species were golden redhorse, M. erythrurum (30%) and greater redhorse, M. valenciennesi (32%), while river redhorse, M. carinatum, was only found along the lower Grand River. Redhorse were absent from the highly fragmented Speed River sub-watershed and upper reaches of the Conestogo River and the Grand River. Redhorse species richness was positively correlated to river fragment size and upstream drainage area. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to evaluate the influence of river fragment length, connectivity and habitat on species distribution. Principal component analysis reduced habitat data to three axes representing: channel structure, substrate, and pool, riffle and run habitats (PC1); gradient and drainage area (PC2); and cover (PC3). GAMs indicate that PC2 was important for predicting black redhorse and greater redhorse site occupancy and PC1 was important for golden redhorse. River fragment length was important for predicting site occupancy for shorthead redhorse, but not other species. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9179-0","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Reid, S., Mandrak, N., Carl, L., and Wilson, C., 2008, Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 81, no. 1, p. 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9179-0.","startPage":"111","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9179-0"},{"id":240961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b1ee4b0c8380cd6224b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, S.M.","contributorId":61550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandrak, N.E.","contributorId":79301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandrak","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carl, L.M.","contributorId":22478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carl","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, C.C.","contributorId":102987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033500,"text":"70033500 - 2008 - Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-12T13:37:13","indexId":"70033500","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":630,"text":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA","docAbstract":"The effective measure to minimize the damage of invasive species is to block the potential invasive species to enter into suitable areas. 1864 occurrence points with GPS coordinates and 34 environmental variables from Daymet datasets were gathered, and 4 modeling methods, i.e., Logistic Regression (LR), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction (GARP), and maximum entropy method (Maxent), were introduced to generate potential geographic distributions for invasive species Dreissena polymorpha in Continental USA. Then 3 statistical criteria of the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC), Pearson correlation (COR) and Kappa value were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models, followed by analyses on major contribution variables. Results showed that in terms of the 3 statistical criteria, the prediction results of the 4 ecological niche models were either excellent or outstanding, in which Maxent outperformed the others in 3 aspects of predicting current distribution habitats, selecting major contribution factors, and quantifying the influence of environmental variables on habitats. Distance to water, elevation, frequency of precipitation and solar radiation were 4 environmental forcing factors. The method suggested in the paper can have some reference meaning for modeling habitats of alien species in China and provide a direction to prevent Mytilopsis sallei on the Chinese coast line.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3","issn":"10000","usgsCitation":"Mingyang, L., Yunwei, J., Kumar, S., and Stohlgren, T.J., 2008, Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA: Acta Ecologica Sinica, v. 28, no. 9, p. 4253-4258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4253","endPage":"4258","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c1ee4b0c8380cd6fa4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mingyang, Li","contributorId":105133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mingyang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yunwei, Ju","contributorId":37161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yunwei","given":"Ju","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Sunil","contributorId":84992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Sunil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033377,"text":"70033377 - 2008 - Geologic framework of the 2005 Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T09:47:47","indexId":"70033377","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of the 2005 Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The Keathley Canyon sites drilled in 2005 by the Chevron Joint Industry Project are located along the southeastern edge of an intraslope minibasin (Casey basin) in the northern Gulf of Mexico at 1335 m water depth. Around the drill sites, a grid of 2D high-resolution multichannel seismic data designed to image depths down to at least 1000 m sub-bottom reveals 7 unconformities and disconformities that, with the seafloor, bound 7 identifiable seismic stratigraphic units. A major disconformity in the middle of the units stands out for its angular baselapping geometry. From these data, three episodes of sedimentary deposition and deformation are inferred. The oldest episode consists of fine-grained muds deposited during a period of relative stability in the basin (units e, f, and g). Both the BSR and inferred gas hydrate occur within these older units. The gas hydrate occurs in near-vertical fractures. A second episode (units c and d) involved large vertical displacements associated with infilling and ponding of sediment. This second interval corresponds to deposition of intercalated fine and coarse-grained material that was recovered in the drill hole that penetrated the thin edges of the regionally much thicker units. The final episode of deposition (units a and b) occurred during more subdued vertical motions. Hemipelagic drape (unit a) characterizes the modern seafloor. The present-day Casey basin is mostly filled. Its sill is part of a subsiding graben structure that is only 10-20 m shallower than the deepest point in the basin, indicating that gravity-driven transport would mostly bypass the basin. Contemporary faulting along the basin margins has selectively reactivated an older group of faults. The intercalated sand and mud deposits of units c and d are tentatively correlated with Late Pleistocene deposition derived from the western shelf-edge delta/depocenter of the Mississippi River, which was probably most active from 320 ka to 70 ka [Winker, C.D., Booth, J., 2000. Sedimentary dynamics of the salt-dominated continental slope, Gulf of Mexico: integration of observations from the seafloor, near-surface, and deep subsurface. In: Proceedings of the GCSSEPM Foundation 20th Annual Research Conference, Deep-water Reservoirs of the World, pp. 1059-1086]. The presence of sand within the gas hydrate stability zone (in units c and d) is not sufficient to concentrate gas hydrate even though dispersed gas hydrate occurs deeper in the fractured mud/clay-rich sections of units e and f.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.012","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Hart, P., Collett, T.S., Edwards, K., Twichell, D., and Snyder, F., 2008, Geologic framework of the 2005 Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well, northern Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 906-918, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"918","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2617","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 18.646245142670608\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 18.646245142670608\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 18.646245142670608\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a196de4b0c8380cd559ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, K.M.","contributorId":43178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snyder, F.","contributorId":84160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033743,"text":"70033743 - 2008 - Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T12:14:53","indexId":"70033743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA","docAbstract":"Metasedimentary bedrock of coastal Maine contains a diverse suite of As-bearing minerals that act as significant sources of elements found in ground and surface waters in the region. Arsenic sources in the Penobscot Formation include, in order of decreasing As content by weight: löllingite and realgar (c.70%), arsenopyrite, cobaltite, glaucodot, and gersdorffite (in the range of 34–45%), arsenian pyrite (<4%), and pyrrhotite (<0.15%). In the Penobscot Formation, the relative stability of primary As-bearing minerals follows a pattern where the most commonly observed highly altered minerals are pyrrhotite, realgar, niccolite, löllingite > glaucodot, arsenopyrite-cobaltian > arsenopyrite, cobaltite, gersdorffite, fine-grained pyrite, Ni-pyrite > coarse-grained pyrite. Reactions illustrate that oxidation of Fe-As disulphide group and As-sulphide minerals is the primary release process for As. Liberation of As by carbonation of realgar and orpiment in contact with high-pH groundwaters may contribute locally to elevated contents of As in groundwater, especially where As is decoupled from Fe. Released metals are sequestered in secondary minerals by sorption or by incorporation in crystal structures. Secondary minerals acting as intermediate As reservoirs include claudetite (c.75%), orpiment (61%), scorodite (c. 45%), secondary arsenopyrite (c. 46%), goethite (<4490 ppm), natrojarosite (<42 ppm), rosenite, melanterite, ferrihydrite, and Mn-hydroxide coatings. Some soils also contain Fe-Co-Ni-arsenate, Ca-arsenate, and carbonate minerals. Reductive dissolution of Fe-oxide minerals may govern the ultimate release of iron and arsenic – especially As(V) – to groundwater; however, dissolution of claudetite (arsenic trioxide) may directly contribute As(III). Processes thought to explain the release of As from minerals in bedrock include oxidation of arsenian pyrite or arsenopyrite, or carbonation of As-sulphides, and most models based on these generally rely on discrete minerals or on a fairly limited series of minerals. In contrast, in the Penobscot Formation and other metasedimentary rocks of coastal Maine, oxidation of As-bearing Fe-cobalt-nickel-sulphide minerals, dissolution (by reduction) of As-bearing secondary As and Fe hydroxide and sulphate minerals, carbonation and/or oxidation of As-sulphide minerals, and desorption of As from Fe-hydroxide mineral surfaces are all thought to be involved. All of these processes contribute to the occurrence of As in groundwaters in coastal Maine, as a result of variability in composition and in stability of the As source minerals. Arsenic contents of soils and groundwater thus reflect the predominant influence and integration of a spectrum of primary mineral reservoirs (instead of single or unique mineral reservoirs). Cycling of As through metasedimentary bedrock aquifers may therefore depend on consecutive stages of carbonation, oxidation and reductive dissolution of primary and secondary As host minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/07-152","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., and Ayuso, R.A., 2008, Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 8, no. 1, p. 59-75, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-152.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -70.697021484375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a5be4b0c8380cd6ee2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033294,"text":"70033294 - 2008 - Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:12:16","indexId":"70033294","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack","docAbstract":"Recharge into granitic bedrock under a melting snowpack is being investigated as part of a study designed to understand hydrologic processes involving snow at Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Snowpack measurements, accompanied by water content and matric potential measurements of the soil under the snowpack, allowed for estimates of infiltration into the soil during snowmelt and percolation into the bedrock. During portions of the snowmelt period, infiltration rates into the soil exceeded the permeability of the bedrock and caused ponding to be sustained at the soil-bedrock interface. During a 5-d period with little measured snowmelt, drainage of the ponded water into the underlying fractured granitic bedrock was estimated to be 1.6 cm d?1, which is used as an estimate of bedrock permeability. The numerical simulator TOUGH2 was used to reproduce the field data and evaluate the potential for vertical flow into the fractured bedrock or lateral flow at the bedrock-soil interface. During most of the snowmelt season, the snowmelt rates were near or below the bedrock permeability. The field data and model results support the notion that snowmelt on the shallow soil overlying low permeability bedrock becomes direct infiltration unless the snowmelt rate greatly exceeds the bedrock permeability. Late in the season, melt rates are double that of the bedrock permeability (although only for a few days) and may tend to move laterally at the soil-bedrock interface downgradient and contribute directly to streamflow. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2006.0135","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., and Dettinger, M.D., 2008, Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack, in Vadose Zone Journal, v. 7, no. 1, p. 350-357, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0135.","startPage":"350","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0135"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2be4b0c8380cd6fab8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032929,"text":"70032929 - 2008 - Hydrodynamic implications of textural trends in sand deposits of the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032929","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrodynamic implications of textural trends in sand deposits of the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka","docAbstract":"Field observations and sediment samples at a coastal-plain setting in southeastern Sri Lanka were used to document the erosional and depositional impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and to interpret the hydrodynamic processes that produced an extensive sand-sheet deposit. Tsunami deposit thicknesses ranged from 6 to 22??cm with thickness being controlled partly by antecedent topography. The deposit was composed of coarse to medium sand organized into plane-parallel laminae and a few laminasets. Vertical textural trends showed an overall but non-systematic upward fining and upward thinning of depositional units with an upward increase in heavy-mineral laminations at some locations. Repeated patterns in the vertical textural trends (upward fining, upward coarsening, uniform) were used to subdivide and correlate the deposit into five hydro-textural stratigraphic units. The depositional units were linked to hydrodynamic processes and upcurrent conditions, such as rates of sediment supply and composition of the sediment sources. Vertical changes in grain-size distributions recorded the depositional phases associated with flow acceleration, initial unsteady pulsating flow, relatively stable and uniform flow, flow deceleration, slack water, and return flow or flow redirection. Study results suggest that vertical textural trends from multiple cross-shore sections can be used to interpret complex tsunami flow histories, but at the location examined, interpretation of the lateral textural trends did not provide a basis for identifying the correct sediment transport pathways because flow near the landward boundary was multidirectional.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.03.008","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Goff, J., and Nichol, S., 2008, Hydrodynamic implications of textural trends in sand deposits of the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka: Sedimentary Geology, v. 207, no. 1-4, p. 56-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.03.008.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.03.008"},{"id":240970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"207","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a333be4b0c8380cd5ee45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, J.R.","contributorId":31990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichol, S.L.","contributorId":54802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichol","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033293,"text":"70033293 - 2008 - Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033293","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge","docAbstract":"In order to estimate acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios (ACRs) relevant to a coldwater stream community, we exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 96-h acute and 60+ day early-life stage (ELS) exposures. We also tested the acute and sublethal responses of a mayfly (Baetis tricaudatus) and a midge (Chironomus dilutus, formerly C. tentans) with Pb. We examine the statistical interpretation of test endpoints and the acute-to-chronic ratio concept. Increasing the number of control replicates by 2 to 3x decreased the minimum detectable differences by almost half. Pb ACR estimates mostly increased with increasing acute resistance of the organisms (rainbow trout ACRs in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0061.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0061"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a53de4b0e8fec6cdbdac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, K.R. 0000-0001-6006-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":48283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, James L.","contributorId":85319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":356943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191954,"text":"70191954 - 2008 - Instream flow assessment of streams draining the Arbuckle-Simpson Aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T14:38:19","indexId":"70191954","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Instream flow assessment of streams draining the Arbuckle-Simpson Aquifer","docAbstract":"The availability of high quality water is critical to both humans and ecosystems. A recent proposal was made by rapidly expanding municipalities in central Oklahoma to begin transferring groundwater from the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, a sensitive sole-source aquifer in south-central Oklahoma. Concerned citizens and municipalities living on and getting their drinking water from the Arbuckle-Simpson lobbied the legislature to pass a temporary moratorium on groundwater transfer to allow for a comprehensive study of the aquifer and its ecosystems. We conducted an instream flow assessment using Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) on springs and streams with four spring-dependent species: two minnows, southern redbelly dace (Phoxinus erthyrogaster) and redspot chub (Nocomis asper); and two darters, least darter (Etheostoma microperca) and orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile). Spring habitats are unique compared to other river habitats because they have constant flow and temperature, small and isolated habitat patches, and a general lack of predators.
Our study sites included two spring-fed streams, one larger stream with high groundwater inputs, and a river with both groundwater and surface water inputs that is adjacent to the small spring-fed streams. These habitats meet the criteria for groundwater dependent ecosystems because they would not exist without the surface expression of groundwater. A total of 99 transects in all four sites were surveyed for channel elevation, and three sets of water surface elevation and water velocity were measured. Habitat suitability criteria were derived for the species at each site using nonparametric confidence limits based on underwater observations made by snorkelers. Simulations of flow were focused on declines in discharge, which is the expected effect of the proposed groundwater diversion.
Our results show that only a small proportion of the total available area in each habitat is considered to be preferred habitat (Weighted Usable Area [WUA]) by the four target species. In the spring habitats, a maximum of 10% of the total area is preferred habitat and that dropped to as little as 3% with decreased flows. The quantity of WUA decreased when lower discharges were simulated for all the target species. Declines in the small amount of habitat that is already available would likely degrade these populations of fishes. In the larger river habitat, the highest WUA occurred at the lowest discharge, which leads us to conclude that in the event of dewatering of the spring habitats, the river should provide some refuge habitat for spring dependent species.
Based on the findings of this study, groundwater removal from the aquifer near springs may have adverse impacts on fish habitat availability for spring dependent fish populations if seasonal trends in spring discharge are not maintained (higher in winter and lower in late summer). Quantifying the relationship of streamflow between gaged and ungaged springs in the Arbuckle-Simpson is a possible method to monitor and maintain flows in springs.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Seilheimer, T.S., and Fisher, W.L., 2008, Instream flow assessment of streams draining the Arbuckle-Simpson Aquifer, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","ipdsId":"IP-009159","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.owrb.ok.gov/studies/groundwater/arbuckle_simpson/pdf/Arbuckle-SimpsonInstreamFlow.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6afacae4b06e28e9c9a92a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seilheimer, Titus S.","contributorId":50772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seilheimer","given":"Titus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, William L. wfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"William","email":"wfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":713778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033462,"text":"70033462 - 2008 - Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:54:37","indexId":"70033462","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land","docAbstract":"Research was conducted to develop a method for obtaining floating pan evaporation rates in a small (less than 10,000 m2) wetland, lagoon, or pond. Floating pan and land pan evaporation data were collected from March 1 to August 31, 2005, at a small natural wetland located in the alluvium of the Canadian River near Norman, Oklahoma, at the U.S. Geological Survey Norman Landfill Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Site. Floating pan evaporation rates were compared with evaporation rates from a nearby standard Class A evaporation pan on land. Floating pan evaporation rates were significantly less than land pan evaporation rates for the entire period and on a monthly basis. Results indicated that the use of a floating evaporation pan in a small free‐water surface better simulates actual physical conditions on the water surface that control evaporation. Floating pan to land pan ratios were 0.82 for March, 0.87 for April, 0.85 for May, 0.85 for June, 0.79 for July, and 0.69 for August.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Masoner, J., Stannard, D., and Christenson, S.C., 2008, Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 3, p. 552-561, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476745,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214272,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00eee4b0c8380cd4f9cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stannard, D.I.","contributorId":100884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033251,"text":"70033251 - 2008 - A gel probe equilibrium sampler for measuring arsenic porewater profiles and sorption gradients in sediments: I. Laboratory development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033251","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A gel probe equilibrium sampler for measuring arsenic porewater profiles and sorption gradients in sediments: I. Laboratory development","docAbstract":"A gel probe equilibrium sampler has been developed to study arsenic (As) geochemistry and sorption behavior in sediment porewater. The gels consist of a hydrated polyacrylamide polymer, which has a 92% water content. Two types of gels were used in this study. Undoped (clear) gels were used to measure concentrations of As and other elements in sediment porewater. The polyacrylamide gel was also doped with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), an amorphous iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide. When deployed in the field, HFO-doped gels introduce a fresh sorbent into the subsurface thus allowing assessment of in situ sorption. In this study, clear and HFO-doped gels were tested under laboratory conditions to constrain the gel behavior prior to field deployment. Both types of gels were allowed to equilibrate with solutions of varying composition and re-equilibrated in acid for analysis. Clear gels accurately measured solution concentrations (??1%), and As was completely recovered from HFO-doped gels (??4%). Arsenic speciation was determined in clear gels through chromatographic separation of the re-equilibrated solution. For comparison to speciation in solution, mixtures of As(III) and As(V) adsorbed on HFO embedded in gel were measured in situ using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Sorption densities for As(III) and As(V) on HFO embedded in gel were obtained from sorption isotherms at pH 7.1. When As and phosphate were simultaneously equilibrated (in up to 50-fold excess of As) with HFO-doped gels, phosphate inhibited As sorption by up to 85% and had a stronger inhibitory effect on As(V) than As(III). Natural organic matter (>200 ppm) decreased As adsorption by up to 50%, and had similar effects on As(V) and As(III). The laboratory results provide a basis for interpreting results obtained by deploying the gel probe in the field and elucidating the mechanisms controlling As partitioning between solid and dissolved phases in the environment. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es071119b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K., Root, R., O’Day, P.A., and Hering, J.G., 2008, A gel probe equilibrium sampler for measuring arsenic porewater profiles and sorption gradients in sediments: I. Laboratory development: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 2, p. 497-503, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071119b.","startPage":"497","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476712,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/158273","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213594,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071119b"},{"id":241234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3eae4b0c8380cd462c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, K.M.","contributorId":42438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, R.","contributorId":24433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Day, P. A.","contributorId":26857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Day","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hering, J. G.","contributorId":12647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hering","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009709,"text":"70009709 - 2008 - Using open hole and cased-hole resistivity logs to monitor gas hydrate dissociation during a thermal test in the mallik 5L-38 research well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:24","indexId":"70009709","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using open hole and cased-hole resistivity logs to monitor gas hydrate dissociation during a thermal test in the mallik 5L-38 research well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates, which are naturally occurring ice-like combinations of gas and water, have the potential to provide vast amounts of natural gas from the world's oceans and polar regions. However, producing gas economically from hydrates entails major technical challenges. Proposed recovery methods such as dissociating or melting gas hydrates by heating or depressurization are currently being tested. One such test was conducted in northern Canada by the partners in the Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program. This paper describes how resistivity logs were used to determine the size of the annular region of gas hydrate dissociation that occurred around the wellbore during the thermal test in the Mallik 5L-38 well. An open-hole logging suite, run prior to the thermal test, included array induction, array laterolog, nuclear magnetic resonance and 1.1-GHz electromagnetic propagation logs. The reservoir saturation tool was run both before and after the thermal test to monitor formation changes. A cased-hole formation resistivity log was run after the test.Baseline resistivity values in each formation layer (Rt) were established from the deep laterolog data. The resistivity in the region of gas hydrate dissociation near the wellbore (Rxo) was determined from electromagnetic propagation and reservoir saturation tool measurements. The radius of hydrate dissociation as a function of depth was then determined by means of iterative forward modeling of cased-hole formation resistivity tool response. The solution was obtained by varying the modeled dissociation radius until the modeled log overlaid the field log. Pretest gas hydrate production computer simulations had predicted that dissociation would take place at a uniform radius over the 13-ft test interval. However, the post-test resistivity modeling showed that this was not the case. The resistivity-derived dissociation radius was greatest near the outlet of the pipe that circulated hot water in the wellbore, where the highest temperatures were recorded. The radius was smallest near the center of the test interval, where a conglomerate section with low values of porosity and permeability inhibited dissociation. The free gas volume calculated from the resistivity-derived dissociation radii yielded a value within 20 per cent of surface gauge measurements. These results show that the inversion of resistivity measurements holds promise for use in future gas hydrate monitoring. ?? 2008 Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Petrophysics","language":"English","issn":"15299074","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B., Collett, T.S., Lewis, R., and Dubourg, I., 2008, Using open hole and cased-hole resistivity logs to monitor gas hydrate dissociation during a thermal test in the mallik 5L-38 research well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada, in Petrophysics, v. 49, no. 3, p. 285-294.","startPage":"285","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc08ae4b08c986b32a1a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, B.I.","contributorId":41133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, R.E.","contributorId":31735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubourg, I.","contributorId":101000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubourg","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009719,"text":"70009719 - 2008 - Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70009719","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs","docAbstract":"Assessment of temporal trends in national ground-water quality networks are rarely published in scientific journals. This is partly due to the fact that long-term data from these types of networks are uncommon and because many national monitoring networks are not driven by hypotheses that can be easily incorporated into scientific research. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) since 1991 has to date (2006) concentrated on occurrence of contaminants because sufficient data for trend analysis is only just becoming available. This paper introduces the first set of trend assessments from NAWQA and provides an assessment of the success of the program. On a national scale, nitrate concentrations in ground water have generally increased from 1988 to 2004, but trends in pesticide concentrations are less apparent. Regionally, the studies showed high nitrate concentrations and frequent pesticide detections are linked to agricultural use of fertilizers and pesticides. Most of these areas showed increases in nitrate concentration within the last decade, and these increases are associated with oxic-geochemical conditions and well-drained soils. The current NAWQA plan for collecting data to define trends needs to be constantly reevaluated to determine if the approach fulfills the expected outcome. To assist this evaluation, a comparison of NAWQA to other national ground-water quality programs was undertaken. The design and spatial extent of each national program depend on many factors, including current and long-term budgets, purpose of the program, size of the country, and diversity of aquifer types. Comparison of NAWQA to nine other national programs shows a great diversity in program designs, but indicates that different approaches can achieve similar and equally important goals. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0049","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., and Lapham, W., 2008, Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476774,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":219327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dfae4b0c8380cd639db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010003,"text":"70010003 - 2008 - Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70010003","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Pesticide data for ground water sampled across the United States between 1993-1995 and 2001-2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in detection frequency and concentration. The data analysis evaluated samples collected from a total of 362 wells located in 12 local well networks characterizing shallow ground water in agricultural areas and six local well networks characterizing the drinking water resource in areas of variable land use. Each well network was sampled once during 1993-1995 and once during 2001-2003. The networks provide an overview of conditions across a wide range of hydrogeologic settings and in major agricultural areas that vary in dominant crop type and pesticide use. Of about 80 pesticide compounds analyzed, only six compounds were detected in ground water from at least 10 wells during both sampling events. These compounds were the triazine herbicides atrazine, simazine, and prometon; the acetanilide herbicide metolachlor; the urea herbicide tebuthiuron; and an atrazine degradate, deethylatrazine (DEA). Observed concentrations of these compounds generally were <0.12 ??g L-1. At individual wells, changes in concentrations typically were <0.02 ??g L-1. Data analysis incorporated adjustments for changes in laboratory recovery as assessed through laboratory spikes. In wells yielding detectable concentrations of atrazine, DEA, and prometon, concentrations were significantly lower (?? = 0.1) in 2001-2003 than in 1993-1995, whereas detection frequency of these compounds did not change significantly. Trends in atrazine concentrations at shallow wells in agricultural areas were found to be consistent overall with recent atrazine use data. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0054","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., 2008, Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0054.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0054"},{"id":218924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe00e4b0c8380cd4ea6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174089,"text":"70174089 - 2008 - Monitoring lingering oil from the Exxon Valdez spill on Gulf of Alaska armored beaches and mussel beds sixteen years post-spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-27T15:40:42","indexId":"70174089","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Monitoring lingering oil from the Exxon Valdez spill on Gulf of Alaska armored beaches and mussel beds sixteen years post-spill","docAbstract":"Final Rept. ; Prepared in Cooperation With Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Inst. of Arctic Biology. Sponsored By National Marine Fisheries Service, Juneau, Ak. AlaskaFisheries Science Center. ; Stranded Exxon Valdez Oil Has Persisted for 16 Years At Boulder-Armored Beach Sites Along National Park Coastlines Bordering the Gulf of Alaska. These Sites Are Up to 640 Km From the Spill Origin and Were Contaminated By Oil Mousse, a Viscous Water-in-Oil Emulsion. Although Surface Oil Has Continued to Decline, Subsurface Oiling Persists in Patches. Especially Striking Is the General Lack of Weathering of Stranded Oil on Armored Beaches Over the Last 16 Years. At Three of the Four Sites Where Oil Was Sampled in 2005, the Oil Was Compositionally Similar to 11-Day Old Exxon Valdez Oil, Even After 16 Years. The Formation of Mousse Allowed Less-Weathered Oil to Be Transported Long Distances. The Sequestration of the Oil Beneath a Boulder Armor, Coupled With the Stability of the Boulder Armoring (Investigated By Examining Movement of Marked Boulders), Had Contributed to the Lengthy Persistence of This Stranded Oil. Opportunistic Sampling of Several Previously Studied Oiled Mussel Beds Indicates Continued Contamination of At Least One of the Sites By Not Very Weathered Exxon Valdez Oil. Long-Term Persistence of Oil in These Habitats Should Cause Reconsideration of Response Activities After Spills, and May Influence the Environmental Sensitivity Indices Applied to These Habitats.
","largerWorkTitle":"TOXLINE","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","usgsCitation":"Irvine, G., Mann, D., and Short, J., 2008, Monitoring lingering oil from the Exxon Valdez spill on Gulf of Alaska armored beaches and mussel beds sixteen years post-spill, v. 12.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e32e4b07657d1a819b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, G.V.","contributorId":97051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, D.H.","contributorId":23282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Short, J.W.","contributorId":65631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}