{"pageNumber":"913","pageRowStart":"22800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40797,"records":[{"id":70035171,"text":"70035171 - 2008 - Reducing sedimentation of depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035171","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing sedimentation of depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes","docAbstract":"Depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes are easily degraded by sediments and contaminants accumulated from their watersheds. Several best management practices can reduce transport of sediments into wetlands, including the establishment of vegetative buffers. We summarize the sources, transport dynamics, and effect of sediments, nutrients, and contaminants that threaten wetlands and the current knowledge of design and usefulness of grass buffers for protecting isolated wetlands. Buffer effectiveness is dependent on several factors, including vegetation structure, buffer width, attributes of the surrounding watershed (i.e., area, vegetative cover, slope and topography, soil type and structure, soil moisture, amount of herbicides and pesticides applied), and intensity and duration of rain events. To reduce dissolved contaminants from runoff, the water must infiltrate the soil where microbes or other processes can break down or sequester contaminants. But increasing infiltration also diminishes total water volume entering a wetland, which presents threats to wetland hydrology in semi-arid regions. Buffer effectiveness may be enhanced significantly by implementing other best management practices (e.g., conservation tillage, balancing input with nutrient requirements for livestock and crops, precision application of chemicals) in the surrounding watershed to diminish soil erosion and associated contaminant runoff. Buffers require regular maintenance to remove sediment build-up and replace damaged or over-mature vegetation. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for effective buffer width and structure, and such efforts should entail a coordinated, regional, multi-scale, multidisciplinary approach to evaluate buffer effectiveness and impacts. Direct measures in \"real-world\" systems and field validations of buffer-effectiveness models are crucial next steps in evaluating how grass buffers will impact the abiotic and biotic variables attributes that characterize small, isolated wetlands. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-84.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S., Melcher, C., and Haukos, D., 2008, Reducing sedimentation of depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 594-604, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-84.1.","startPage":"594","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215273,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-84.1"},{"id":243063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3cfe4b0e8fec6cdb9a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia","contributorId":101593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, D.A.","contributorId":17188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032761,"text":"70032761 - 2008 - Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032761","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"To understand the fate and movement of Escherichia coli in beach water, numerous modeling studies have been undertaken including mechanistic predictions of currents and plumes and empirical modeling based on hydrometeorological variables. Most approaches are limited in scope by nearshore currents or physical obstacles and data limitations; few examine the issue from a larger spatial scale. Given the similarities between variables typically included in these models, we attempted to take a broader view of E. coli fluctuations by simultaneously examining twelve beaches along 35 km of Indiana's Lake Michigan coastline that includes five point-source outfalls. The beaches had similar E. coli fluctuations, and a best-fit empirical model included two variables: wave height and an interactive term comprised of wind direction and creek turbidity. Individual beach R2 was 0.32-0.50. Data training-set results were comparable to validation results (R2 = 0.48). Amount of variation explained by the model was similar to previous reports for individual beaches. By extending the modeling approach to include more coastline distance, broader-scale spatial and temporal changes in bacteria concentrations and the influencing factors can be characterized. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es703038c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M., and Whitman, R., 2008, Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 12, p. 4454-4460, https://doi.org/10.1021/es703038c.","startPage":"4454","endPage":"4460","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es703038c"},{"id":241463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f788e4b0c8380cd4cb89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035197,"text":"70035197 - 2008 - Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035197","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration (ET) was examined using a simplified hydrologic model and eight representations of ET. Estimates of ET that created the most reliable wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets employed vegetation coefficients to correct potential ET, calculated by the Priestley-Taylor equation, to actual ET. The accuracy of simulated hydraulic heads generally improved by &lt; 1 cm, however, when using the most reliable ET estimates based on vegetation coefficients. An ET estimate that used a regression-defined extinction depth created substantial errors in simulated water budgets. Specifically, the extinction-depth ET overestimated the annual actual ET by about 40 (400 mm). An ET approximation that overestimates actual ET by 400 mm annually applied in a regional hydrologic model over the 5400 km<sup>2</sup> area of Everglades National Park would underestimate the annual volume of water available for ground-water recharge and surface-water runoff to coastal estuaries by 2.3 billion m<sup>3</sup>. For comparison, this underestimation is about two thirds of the mean volume of water in Lake Okeechobee (3.8 billion m<sup>3</sup>), the largest lake in Florida, and clearly demonstrates unbiased estimates of ET are necessary for reliably simulating wetland water budgets. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-105.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., Huddleston, S., Boudreau, C., and O’Reilly, A.M., 2008, Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1040-1047, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-105.1.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1047","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-105.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3ae4b08c986b3182e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huddleston, S.","contributorId":107122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huddleston","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boudreau, C.L.","contributorId":6681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudreau","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Reilly, A. M.","contributorId":71219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033716,"text":"70033716 - 2008 - Invertebrate community response to a shifting mosaic of habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033716","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate community response to a shifting mosaic of habitat","docAbstract":"Grazing management has focused largely on promoting vegetation homogeneity through uniform distribution of grazing to minimize area in a pasture that is either heavily disturbed or undisturbed. An alternative management model that couples grazing and fire (i.e., patch burning) to promote heterogeneity argues that grazing and fire interact through a series of positive and negative feedbacks to cause a shifting mosaic of vegetation composition and structure across the landscape. We compared patch burning with traditional homogeneity-based management in tallgrass prairie to determine the influence of the two treatments on the aboveground invertebrate community. Patch burning resulted in a temporal flush of invertebrate biomass in patches transitional between unburned and patches burned in the current year. Total invertebrate mass was about 50% greater in these transitional patches within patch-burned pastures as compared to pastures under traditional, homogeneity-based management. Moreover, the mosaic of patches in patch-burned pastures contained a wider range of invertebrate biomass and greater abundance of some invertebrate orders than did the traditionally managed pastures. Patch burning provides habitat that meets requirements for a broad range of invertebrate species, suggesting the potential for patch burning to benefit other native animal assemblages in the food chain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2111/06-149R2.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Engle, D.M., Fuhlendorf, S., Roper, A., and Leslie, D., 2008, Invertebrate community response to a shifting mosaic of habitat: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 55-62, https://doi.org/10.2111/06-149R2.1.","startPage":"55","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487752,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642925","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/06-149R2.1"},{"id":242227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e5de4b0c8380cd63cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, David M.","contributorId":97225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuhlendorf, S.D.","contributorId":69353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuhlendorf","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roper, A.","contributorId":48779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roper","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035202,"text":"70035202 - 2008 - The ancestral cascades arc: Cenozoic evolution of the central Sierra Nevada (California) and the birth of the new plate boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035202","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ancestral cascades arc: Cenozoic evolution of the central Sierra Nevada (California) and the birth of the new plate boundary","docAbstract":"We integrate new stratigraphic, structural, geochemical, geochronological, and magnetostratigraphic data on Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the central Sierra Nevada to arrive at closely inter-related new models for: (1) the paleogeography of the ancestral Cascades arc, (2) the stratigraphic record of uplift events in the Sierra Nevada, (3) the tectonic controls on volcanic styles and compositions in the arc, and (4) the birth of a new plate margin. Previous workers have assumed that the ancestral Cascades arc consisted of stratovolcanoes, similar to the modern Cascades arc, but we suggest that the arc was composed largely of numerous, very small centers, where magmas frequently leaked up strands of the Sierran frontal fault zone. These small centers erupted to produce andesite lava domes that collapsed to produce block-and-ash flows, which were reworked into paleocanyons as volcanic debris flows and streamflow deposits. Where intrusions rose up through water-saturated paleocanyon fill, they formed peperite complexes that were commonly destabilized to form debris flows. Paleocanyons that were cut into Cretaceous bedrock and filled with Oligocene to late Miocene strata not only provide a stratigraphic record of the ancestral Cascades arc volcanism, but also deep unconformities within them record tectonic events. Preliminary correlation of newly mapped unconformities and new geochronological, magnetostratigraphic, and structural data allow us to propose three episodes of Cenozoic uplift that may correspond to (1) early Miocene onset of arc magmatism (ca. 15 Ma), (2) middle Miocene onset of Basin and Range faulting (ca. 10 Ma), and (3) late Miocene arrival of the triple junction (ca. 6 Ma), perhaps coinciding with a second episode of rapid extension on the range front. Oligocene ignimbrites, which erupted from calderas in central Nevada and filled Sierran paleocanyons, were deeply eroded during the early Miocene uplift event. The middle Miocene event is recorded by growth faulting and landslides in hanging-wall basins of normal faults. Cessation of andesite volcanism closely followed the late Miocene uplift event. We show that the onset of Basin and Range faulting coincided both spatially and temporally with eruption of distinctive, very widespread, high-K lava flows and ignimbrites from the Little Walker center (Stanislaus Group). Preliminary magnetostratigraphic work on high-K lava flows (Table Mountain Latite, 10.2 Ma) combined with new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age data allow regional-scale correlation of individual flows and estimates of minimum (28,000 yr) and maximum (230,000 yr) time spans for eruption of the lowermost latite series. This work also verifies the existence of reversed-polarity cryptochron, C5n.2n-1 at ca. 10.2 Ma, which was previously known only from seafloor magnetic anomalies. High-K volcanism continued with eruption of the three members of the Eureka Valley Tuff (9.3-9.15 Ma). In contrast with previous workers in the southern Sierra, who interpret high-K volcanism as a signal of Sierran root delamination, or input of subduction-related fluids, we propose an alternative model for K<sub>2</sub>O-rich volcanism. A regional comparison of central Sierran volcanic rocks reveals their K<sub>2</sub>O levels to be intermediate between Lassen to the north (low in K<sub>2</sub>O) and ultrapotassic volcanics in the southern Sierra. We propose that this shift reflects higher pressures of fractional crystallization to the south, controlled by a southward increase in the thickness of the granitic crust. At high pressures, basaltic magmas precipitate clinopyroxene (over olivine and plagioclase) at their liquidus; experiments and mass-balance calculations show that clinopyroxene fractionation buffers SiO <sub>2</sub> to low values while allowing K<sub>2</sub>O to increase. A thick crust to the south would also explain the sparse volcanic cover in the southern Sierra compared to the extensive volcanic cover to the north.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2438(12)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Busby, C., Hagan, J., Putirka, K., Pluhar, C.J., Gans, P.B., Wagner, D., Rood, D., DeOreo, S., and Skilling, I., 2008, The ancestral cascades arc: Cenozoic evolution of the central Sierra Nevada (California) and the birth of the new plate boundary: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 438, p. 331-378, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2438(12).","startPage":"331","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2438(12)"},{"id":243001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"438","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9bde4b08c986b32249a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busby, C.J.","contributorId":47186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagan, J.C.","contributorId":88172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagan","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Putirka, K.","contributorId":101472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putirka","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pluhar, Christopher J.","contributorId":91321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhar","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gans, P. B.","contributorId":79913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gans","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, D.L.","contributorId":49178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rood, D.","contributorId":96108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rood","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeOreo, S.B.","contributorId":7059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeOreo","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Skilling, I.","contributorId":41235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skilling","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032759,"text":"70032759 - 2008 - Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","docAbstract":"We calculated Chesapeake Bay (CB) sediment and carbon fluxes before and after major anthropogenic land clearance using robust monitoring, modeling and sedimentary data. Four distinct fluxes in the estuarine system were considered including (1) the flux of eroded material from the watershed to streams, (2) the flux of suspended sediment at river fall lines, (3) the burial flux in tributary sediments, and (4) the burial flux in main CB sediments. The sedimentary maximum in Ambrosia (ragweed) pollen marked peak land clearance (~1900 a.d.). Rivers feeding CB had a total organic carbon (TOC)/total suspended solids of 0.24??0.12, and we used this observation to calculate TOC fluxes from sediment fluxes. Sediment and carbon fluxes increased by 138-269% across all four regions after land clearance. Our results demonstrate that sediment delivery to CB is subject to significant lags and that excess post-land clearance sediment loads have not reached the ocean. Post-land clearance increases in erosional flux from watersheds, and burial in estuaries are important processes that must be considered to calculate accurate global sediment and carbon budgets. ?? 2008 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Saenger, C., Cronin, T.M., Willard, D., Halka, J., and Kerhin, R., 2008, Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 31, no. 3, p. 492-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5.","startPage":"492","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5"},{"id":241461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39fde4b0c8380cd61af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saenger, C.","contributorId":19363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saenger","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halka, J.","contributorId":40021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kerhin, R.","contributorId":25317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerhin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032758,"text":"70032758 - 2008 - Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032758","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed","docAbstract":"Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the surface and subsurface water balance for many semiarid watersheds. Measurement or model-based estimates of ET are often made on a local scale, but spatially distributed estimates are needed to determine ET over catchments. In this paper, we document the ET that was quantified over 3 years using eddy covariance for three riparian ecosystems along the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona, USA, and we use a water balance equation to determine annual groundwater use. Riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for the watershed were then determined by using a calibrated, empirical model that uses 16-day, 250-1000 m remote-sensing products for the years of 2001-2005. The inputs for the model were derived entirely from the NASA MODIS sensor and consisted of the Enhanced Vegetation Index and land surface temperature. The scaling model was validated using subsets of the entire dataset (omitting different sites or years) and its capable performance for well-watered sites (MAD=0.32 mm day-1, R2=0.93) gave us confidence in using it to determine ET over the watershed. Three years of eddy covariance data for the riparian sites reveal that ET and groundwater use increased as woody plant density increased. Groundwater use was less variable at the woodland site, which had the greatest density of phreatophytes. Annual riparian groundwater use within the watershed was nearly constant over the study period despite an on-going drought. For the San Pedro alone, the amounts determined in this paper are within the range of most recently reported values that were derived using an entirely different approach. However, because of our larger estimates for groundwater use for the main tributary of the San Pedro, the watershed totals were higher. The approach presented here can provide riparian ET and groundwater use amounts that reflect real natural variability in phreatophyte withdrawals and improve the accuracy of a watershed's water budget. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Scott, R., Cable, W., Huxman, T., Nagler, P., Hernandez, M., and Goodrich, D., 2008, Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1232-1246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001.","startPage":"1232","endPage":"1246","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60bfe4b0c8380cd7165c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, R.L.","contributorId":103865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cable, W.L.","contributorId":24578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huxman, T. E.","contributorId":33825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernandez, M.","contributorId":10234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goodrich, D.C.","contributorId":98492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032051,"text":"70032051 - 2008 - The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T12:53:31","indexId":"70032051","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The analyses of sulfate content,&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>34</sup>S and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O of dissolved sulfate, and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O of water were carried out in a 14&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;crystalline massif located in the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland) to 1) assess the amount of the sulfate delivered to the surface and groundwater systems by modern atmospheric precipitation, 2) determine the effect of altitude on these parameters, and 3) investigate their seasonal variations. In April and November of 2002, August 2003, and March and September of 2005, samples of water were collected from springs and streams of the massif. During these seasons, sulfate contents and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) values varied from 5.80 to 18.00&nbsp;mg/l and from 3.96 to 8.23&permil;, respectively, showing distinctively higher values of<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) in wet seasons. The&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>34</sup>S(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) values had a relatively narrow range from 4.09 to 5.28&permil; and were similar to those reported for organic matter in soil and the canopy throughfall in the Sudety Mountains.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Sulfate content,&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>34</sup>S(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>),&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>), and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O(H<sub>2</sub>O) values revealed a remarkable dependence on the altitude. The calculated altitude effects for five season averages of these parameters were &minus;&nbsp;1.00&nbsp;mg/l/100&nbsp;m, &minus;&nbsp;0.18&permil;/100&nbsp;m, &minus;&nbsp;0.27&permil;/100&nbsp;m, and &minus;&nbsp;0.17&permil;/100&nbsp;m, respectively. This dependence on the altitude resulted mainly from the mixing of sulfates of different origins such as anthropogenic sulfate, sulfate produced in the soil within the weathered zone of the massif, and that one from the tree canopy. The oxygen isotope mass balance indicates that, in the study area, about one third of the sulfate delivered to the surface and groundwater by modern precipitation comes from anthropogenic pollution. Further interaction of meteoric water within the weathered rocks causes a continuous decrease of &delta;<sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) values resulting from biological transformation of the sulfate due to plant vegetation and decomposition of organic matter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Szynkiewicz, A., Modelska, M., Jedrysek, M.O., and Mastalerz, M., 2008, The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland: Chemical Geology, v. 249, no. 1-2, p. 36-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006"}],"country":"Poland","otherGeospatial":"Sudety Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              16.5234375,\n              50.04302974380058\n            ],\n            [\n              16.5234375,\n              50.44351305245805\n            ],\n            [\n              16.864013671875,\n              50.44351305245805\n            ],\n            [\n              16.864013671875,\n              50.04302974380058\n            ],\n            [\n              16.5234375,\n              50.04302974380058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"249","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab13e4b08c986b322bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szynkiewicz, Anna","contributorId":39599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szynkiewicz","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modelska, Magdalena","contributorId":64045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modelska","given":"Magdalena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jedrysek, Mariusz Orion","contributorId":94513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jedrysek","given":"Mariusz","email":"","middleInitial":"Orion","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":105788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":17608,"text":"Indiana Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032044,"text":"70032044 - 2008 - Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the lassen volcanic center, California: Resolving crustal and mantle contributions to continental Arc magmatism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T12:15:53","indexId":"70032044","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the lassen volcanic center, California: Resolving crustal and mantle contributions to continental Arc magmatism","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study reports oxygen isotope ratios determined by laser fluorination of mineral separates (mainly plagioclase) from basaltic andesitic to rhyolitic composition volcanic rocks erupted from the Lassen Volcanic Center (LVC), northern California. Plagioclase separates from nearly all rocks have δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values (6·1–8·4‰) higher than expected for production of the magmas by partial melting of little evolved basaltic lavas erupted in the arc front and back-arc regions of the southernmost Cascades during the late Cenozoic. Most LVC magmas must therefore contain high&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O crustal material. In this regard, the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of the volcanic rocks show strong spatial patterns, particularly for young rhyodacitic rocks that best represent unmodified partial melts of the continental crust. Rhyodacitic magmas erupted from vents located within 3·5 km of the inferred center of the LVC have consistently lower δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values (average 6·3‰ ± 0·1‰) at given SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;contents relative to rocks erupted from distal vents (&gt;7·0 km; average 7·1‰ ± 0.1‰). Further, magmas erupted from vents situated at transitional distances have intermediate values and span a larger range (average 6·8‰ ± 0·2‰). Basaltic andesitic to andesitic composition rocks show similar spatial variations, although as a group the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of these rocks are more variable and extend to higher values than the rhyodacitic rocks. These features are interpreted to reflect assimilation of heterogeneous lower continental crust by mafic magmas, followed by mixing or mingling with silicic magmas formed by partial melting of initially high&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O continental crust (∼9·0‰) increasingly hybridized by lower δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O (∼6·0‰) mantle-derived basaltic magmas toward the center of the system. Mixing calculations using estimated endmember source δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values imply that LVC magmas contain on a molar oxygen basis approximately 42 to 4% isotopically heavy continental crust, with proportions declining in a broadly regular fashion toward the center of the LVC. Conversely, the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of the rhyodacitic rocks suggest that the continental crust in the melt generation zones beneath the LVC has been substantially modified by intrusion of mantle-derived basaltic magmas, with the degree of hybridization ranging on a molar oxygen basis from approximately 60% at distances up to 12 km from the center of the system to 97% directly beneath the focus region. These results demonstrate on a relatively small scale the strong influence that intrusion of mantle-derived mafic magmas can have on modifying the composition of pre-existing continental crust in regions of melt production. Given this result, similar, but larger-scale, regional trends in magma compositions may reflect an analogous but more extensive process wherein the continental crust becomes progressively hybridized beneath frontal arc localities as a result of protracted intrusion of subduction-related basaltic magmas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egn013","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Feeley, T., Clynne, M., Winer, G., and Grice, W., 2008, Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the lassen volcanic center, California: Resolving crustal and mantle contributions to continental Arc magmatism: Journal of Petrology, v. 49, no. 5, p. 971-997, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn013.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"971","endPage":"997","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476734,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn013"}],"volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7297e4b0c8380cd76bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feeley, T.C.","contributorId":17793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winer, G.S.","contributorId":68549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winer","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grice, W.C.","contributorId":55224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grice","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032757,"text":"70032757 - 2008 - Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T14:04:31","indexId":"70032757","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data","docAbstract":"<p><span>A&nbsp;remote sensing&nbsp;approach permits for the first time the derivation of a map of the&nbsp;carbon dioxide concentration&nbsp;in a volcanic&nbsp;plume. The airborne imaging remote sensing overcomes the typical difficulties associated with the ground measurements and permits rapid and large views of the volcanic processes together with the measurements of volatile components exolving from craters. Hyperspectral images in the infrared range (1900–2100&nbsp;nm), where carbon dioxide absorption lines are present, have been used. These images were acquired during an airborne campaign by the&nbsp;Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer&nbsp;(AVIRIS) over the Pu`u` O`o Vent situated at the Kilauea East&nbsp;Rift zone, Hawaii. Using a&nbsp;radiative transfer&nbsp;model to simulate the measured up-welling spectral radiance and by applying the newly developed mapping technique, the carbon dioxide concentration map of the Pu`u` O`o Vent plume were obtained. The carbon dioxide integrated&nbsp;flux rate&nbsp;were calculated and a mean value of 396</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>138&nbsp;t d</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;was obtained. This result is in agreement, within the measurements errors, with those of the ground measurements taken during the airborne campaign.&nbsp;</span>2008 Elsevier Inc.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Spinetti, C., Carrere, V., Buongiorno, M.F., Sutton, A.J., and Elias, T., 2008, Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 6, p. 3192-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3192","endPage":"3199","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f361e4b0c8380cd4b775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinetti, C.","contributorId":64899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinetti","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrere, V.","contributorId":31212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrere","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buongiorno, M. Fabrizia","contributorId":102698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buongiorno","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Fabrizia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035226,"text":"70035226 - 2008 - Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035226","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona","docAbstract":"Late Miocene and early Pliocene sediments exposed along the lower Colorado River near Laughlin, Nevada, contain evidence that establishment of this reach of the river after 5.6 Ma involved flooding from lake spillover through a bedrock divide between Cottonwood Valley to the north and Mohave Valley to the south. Lacustrine marls interfingered with and conformably overlying a sequence of post-5.6 Ma finegrained valley-fill deposits record an early phase of intermittent lacustrine inundation restricted to Cottonwood Valley. Limestone, mud, sand, and minor gravel of the Bouse Formation were subsequently deposited above an unconformity. At the north end of Mohave Valley, a coarse-grained, lithologically distinct fluvial conglomerate separates subaerial, locally derived fan deposits from subaqueous deposits of the Bouse Formation. We interpret this key unit as evidence for overtopping and catastrophic breaching of the paleodivide immediately before deep lacustrine inundation of both valleys. Exposures in both valleys reveal a substantial erosional unconformity that records drainage of the lake and predates the arrival of sediment of the through-going Colorado River. Subsequent river aggradation culminated in the Pliocene between 4.1 and 3.3 Ma. The stratigraphic associations and timing of this drainage transition are consistent with geochemical evidence linking lacustrine conditions to the early Colorado River, the timings of drainage integration and canyon incision on the Colorado Plateau, the arrival of Colorado River sand at its terminus in the Salton Trough, and a downstream-directed mode of river integration common in areas of crustal extension. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(15)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"House, P., Pearthree, P., and Perkins, M.E., 2008, Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 335-353, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(15).","startPage":"335","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(15)"},{"id":242866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98f6e4b08c986b31c1a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, P.K.","contributorId":25755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearthree, P. A.","contributorId":77236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearthree","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032040,"text":"70032040 - 2008 - Effects of acclimation on the toxicity of stream water contaminated with zinc and cadmium to juvenile cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70032040","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of acclimation on the toxicity of stream water contaminated with zinc and cadmium to juvenile cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"We investigated the influence of acclimation on results of in situ bioassays with cutthroat trout in metal-contaminated streams. Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) were held for 21 days (1) in live containers at a reference or \"clean\" site having dissolved metals near detection limits (0.01 ??g/L cadmium [Cd] and 2.8 ??g/L zinc [Zn]; hardness 32 mg/L as CaCO3) and (2) at a site in a mining-impacted watershed having moderately increased metals (0.07 ??g/L Cd and 38 to 40 ??g/L Zn; hardness 50 mg/L as CaCO3). The 96-hour survival of each treatment group was then tested in situ at five sites from September 5 to 9, 2002, and each group exhibited a range of metal concentrations (0.44 to 39 ??g/L arsenic [As], 0.01 to 2.2 ??g/L Cd, and 0.49 to 856 ??g/L Zn). Survival was 100% at three sites for both treatments. However, a higher percentage of metal-acclimated fish survived at the site with the second highest concentrations of Cd and Zn (0.90 and 238 ??g/L, respectively) compared with fish acclimated at the reference site (100% vs. 55%, respectively). Survival was 65% for acclimated fish and 0% for metal-nai??ve fish at the site with the largest metal concentrations (2.2 ??g/L Cd and 856 ??g/L Zn). Water collected from the site with the largest concentrations of dissolved metals (on October 30, 2002) was used in a laboratory serial dilution to determine 96-hour LC50 values. The 96-hour LC50 estimates of nai??ve fish during the in situ and laboratory experiments were similar (0.60 ??g Cd/L and 226 ??g Zn/L for in situ and 0.64 ??g Cd/L and 201 ??g Zn/L for laboratory serial dilutions). However, mortality of nai??ve cutthroat trout tested under laboratory conditions was more rapid in dilutions of 100%, 75%, and 38% site water than in situ experiments. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-007-9063-8","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Harper, D., Farag, A., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2008, Effects of acclimation on the toxicity of stream water contaminated with zinc and cadmium to juvenile cutthroat trout: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 697-704, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9063-8.","startPage":"697","endPage":"704","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9063-8"},{"id":242825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0676e4b0c8380cd51261","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harper, D.D.","contributorId":82526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033715,"text":"70033715 - 2008 - An exact solution for ideal dam-break floods on steep slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:48:03","indexId":"70033715","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exact solution for ideal dam-break floods on steep slopes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The shallow‐water equations are used to model the flow resulting from the sudden release of a finite volume of frictionless, incompressible fluid down a uniform slope of arbitrary inclination. The hodograph transformation and Riemann's method make it possible to transform the governing equations into a linear system and then deduce an exact analytical solution expressed in terms of readily evaluated integrals. Although the solution treats an idealized case never strictly realized in nature, it is uniquely well‐suited for testing the robustness and accuracy of numerical models used to model shallow‐water flows on steep slopes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006353","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Ancey, C., Iverson, R.M., Rentschler, M., and Denlinger, R.P., 2008, An exact solution for ideal dam-break floods on steep slopes: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 1, W01430, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006353.","productDescription":"W01430","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487748,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/20492","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006353"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea5ee4b0c8380cd487f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ancey, C.","contributorId":9476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ancey","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rentschler, M.","contributorId":62848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rentschler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035244,"text":"70035244 - 2008 - Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035244","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic and geomorphic analyses reveal that the regional drainage basin of the modern Amargosa River formed via multistage linkage of formerly isolated basins in a diachronous series of integration events between late Miocene and latest Pleistocene-Holocene time. The 275-km-long Amargosa River system drains generally southward across a large (15,540 km&lt;sup&gt; <sup>2&lt;/sup&gt;</sup>) watershed in southwestern Nevada and eastern California to its terminus in central Death Valley. This drainage basin is divided into four major subbasins along the main channel and several minor subbasins on tributaries; these subbasins contain features, including central valley lowlands surrounded by highlands that form external divides or internal paleodivides, which suggest relict individual physiographic-hydrologic basins. From north to south, the main subbasins along the main channel are: (1) an upper headwaters subbasin, which is deeply incised into mostly Tertiary sediments and volcanic rocks; (2) an unincised low-gradient section within the Amargosa Desert; (3) a mostly incised section centered on Tecopa Valley and tributary drainages; and (4) a west- to northwest-oriented mostly aggrading lower section along the axis of southern Death Valley. Adjoining subbasins are hydro-logically linked by interconnecting narrows or canyon reaches that are variably incised into formerly continuous paleodivides. The most important linkages along the main channel include: (1) the Beatty narrows, which developed across a Tertiary bedrock paleodivide between the upper and Amargosa Desert subbasins during a latest Miocene-early Pliocene to middle Pleistocene interval (ca. 4-0.5 Ma); (2) the Eagle Mountain narrows, which cut into a mostly alluvial paleodivide between the Amar-gosa Desert and Tecopa subbasins in middle to late Pleistocene (ca. 150-100 ka) time; and (3) the Amargosa Canyon, which formed in late middle Pleistocene (ca. 200140 ka) time through a breached, actively uplifting paleodivide between the Tecopa and southern Death Valley subbasins. Collectively, the interconnecting reaches represent discrete integration events that incrementally produced the modern drainage basin starting near Beatty sometime after 4 Ma and ending in the Salt Creek tributary in the latest Pleistocene to Holocene (post-30 ka). Potential mechanisms for drainage integration across paleodivides include basin overtopping from sedimentary infilling above paleodivide elevations, paleolake spillover, groundwater sapping, and (or) headward erosion of dissecting channels in lower-altitude subbasins. These processes are complexly influenced by fluvial responses to factors such as climatic change, local base-level differences across divides, and (or) tectonic activity (the latter only recognized in Amargosa Canyon). ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Menges, C., 2008, Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 39-90, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(03).","startPage":"39","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(03)"},{"id":243132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60aae4b0c8380cd715f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menges, C.M.","contributorId":71200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033714,"text":"70033714 - 2008 - Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-04T10:27:32","indexId":"70033714","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006","docAbstract":"We report on 4 years of airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates during a quiescent period at White Island volcano, New Zealand, beginning in 2003. During this time a significant crater lake emerged, allowing scrubbig processes to be investigated. CO2 emissions varied from a baseline of 250 to >2000 t d-1 and demonstrated clear annual cycling that was consistent with numbers of earthquake detections and annual changes in sea level. The annual variability was found to be most likely related to increases in the strain on the volcano during sea level highs, temporarily causing fractures to reduce in size in the upper conduit. SO2 emissions varied from 0 to >400 t d-1 and were clearly affected by scrubbing processes within the first year of take development. Scrubbing caused increases of SO42- and Cl- in lake waters, and the ratio of carbon to total sulphur suggested that elemental sulphur deposition was also significant in the lake during the first year. Careful measurements of the lake level and chemistry allowed estimates of the rate of H2O(g) and HCl(g) input into the lake and suggested that the molar abundances of major gas species (H2O, CO2, SO2, and HCl) during this quiescent phase were similar to fumarolic ratios observed between earlier eruptive periods. The volume of magma estimated from CO2 emissions (0.0 15-0.04 km3) was validated by Cl- increases in the lake, suggesting that the gas and magma are transported from deep to shallow depths as a closed system and likely become open in the upper conduit region. The absence of surface deformation further leads to a necessity of magma convection to supply and remove magma from the degassing depths. Two models of convection configurations are discussed. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005094","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Werner, C., Hurst, T., Scott, B., Sherburn, S., Christenson, B., Britten, K., Cole-Baker, J., and Mullan, B., 2008, Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005094.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214468,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005094"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc13ae4b08c986b32a4be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, C.","contributorId":72917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurst, T.","contributorId":35556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, B.","contributorId":76560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherburn, S.","contributorId":31175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherburn","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christenson, B.W.","contributorId":104678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Britten, K.","contributorId":23775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britten","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cole-Baker, J.","contributorId":41232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole-Baker","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mullan, B.","contributorId":17437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033713,"text":"70033713 - 2008 - Trace element emissions from spontaneous combustion of gob piles in coal mines, Shanxi, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033713","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element emissions from spontaneous combustion of gob piles in coal mines, Shanxi, China","docAbstract":"The emissions of potentially hazardous trace elements from spontaneous combustion of gob piles from coal mining in Shanxi Province, China, have been studied. More than ninety samples of solid waste from gob piles in Shanxi were collected and the contents of twenty potentially hazardous trace elements (Be, F, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb, Th, and U) in these samples were determined. Trace element contents in solid waste samples showed wide ranges. As compared with the upper continental crust, the solid waste samples are significantly enriched in Se (20x) and Tl (12x) and are moderately enriched in F, As, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hg, Th, and U (2-5x). The solid waste samples are depleted in V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn. The solid waste samples are enriched in F, V, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sb, Th, and U as compared with the Shanxi coals. Most trace elements are higher in the clinker than in the unburnt solid waste except F, Sn, and Hg. Trace element abundances are related to the ash content and composition of the samples. The content of F is negatively correlated with the ash content, while Pb is positively correlated with the ash. The concentrations of As, Mn, Zn, and Cd are highly positively correlated with Fe2O3 in the solid waste. The As content increases with increasing sulfur content in the solid waste. The trace element emissions are calculated for mass balance. The emission factors of trace elements during the spontaneous combustion of the gobs are determined and the trace element concentrations in the flue gas from the spontaneous combustion of solid waste are calculated. More than a half of F, Se, Hg and Pb are released to the atmosphere during spontaneous combustion. Some trace element concentrations in flue gas are higher than the national emission standards. Thus, gob piles from coal mining pose a serious environmental problem. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.007","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Chou, C.L., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Ge, Y., and Zheng, C., 2008, Trace element emissions from spontaneous combustion of gob piles in coal mines, Shanxi, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 73, no. 1, p. 52-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.007.","startPage":"52","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.07.007"},{"id":242195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb63ae4b08c986b326b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, Y.","contributorId":81705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ge, Y.","contributorId":16237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zheng, C.","contributorId":39976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033711,"text":"70033711 - 2008 - Modeled tephra ages from lake sediments, base of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T11:02:52","indexId":"70033711","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3216,"text":"Quaternary Geochronology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled tephra ages from lake sediments, base of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"A 5.6-m-long lake sediment core from Bear Lake, Alaska, located 22 km southeast of Redoubt Volcano, contains 67 tephra layers deposited over the last 8750 cal yr, comprising 15% of the total thickness of recovered sediment. Using 12 AMS 14C ages, along with the 137Cs and 210Pb activities of recent sediment, we evaluated different models to determine the age-depth relation of the core, and to determine the age of each tephra deposit. The selected age model is based on a mixed-effect regression that was passed through the adjusted tephra-free depth of each dated layer. The estimated age uncertainty of the 67 tephras averages ??105 yr (95% confidence intervals). Tephra-fall frequency at Bear Lake was among the highest during the past 500 yr, with eight tephras deposited compared to an average of 3.7/500 yr over the last 8500 yr. Other periods of increased tephra fall occurred 2500-3500, 4500-5000, and 7000-7500 cal yr. Our record suggests that Bear Lake experienced extended periods (1000-2000 yr) of increased tephra fall separated by shorter periods (500-1000 yr) of apparent quiescence. The Bear Lake sediment core affords the most comprehensive tephrochronology from the base of the Redoubt Volcano to date, with an average tephra-fall frequency of one every 130 yr. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Geochronology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quageo.2007.05.001","issn":"18711014","usgsCitation":"Schiff, C., Kaufman, D.S., Wallace, K., Werner, A., Ku, T., and Brown, T., 2008, Modeled tephra ages from lake sediments, base of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 3, no. 1-2, p. 56-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.05.001.","startPage":"56","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493284,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/940479","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214436,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.05.001"},{"id":242163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbfe4b0c8380cd6f79e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiff, C.J.","contributorId":34735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, K.L.","contributorId":103457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, A.","contributorId":42030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ku, T.-L.","contributorId":75712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"T.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, T.A.","contributorId":12885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032743,"text":"70032743 - 2008 - A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70032743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","docAbstract":"A statistical framework is introduced that resolves important problems with the interpretation and use of traditional Horton regression statistics. The framework is based on a univariate regression model that leads to an alternative expression for Horton ratio, connects Horton regression statistics to distributional simple scaling, and improves the accuracy in estimating Horton plot parameters. The model is used to examine data for drainage area A and mainstream length L from two groups of basins located in different physiographic settings. Results show that confidence intervals for the Horton plot regression statistics are quite wide. Nonetheless, an analysis of covariance shows that regression intercepts, but not regression slopes, can be used to distinguish between basin groups. The univariate model is generalized to include n > 1 dependent variables. For the case where the dependent variables represent ln A and ln L, the generalized model performs somewhat better at distinguishing between basin groups than two separate univariate models. The generalized model leads to a modification of Hack's law where L depends on both A and Strahler order ??. Data show that ?? plays a statistically significant role in the modified Hack's law expression. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002","issn":"01695","usgsCitation":"Furey, P., and Troutman, B., 2008, A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law: Geomorphology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 603-614, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002.","startPage":"603","endPage":"614","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002"},{"id":241737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e396e4b0c8380cd460fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furey, P.R.","contributorId":11015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furey","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033710,"text":"70033710 - 2008 - The role of shear and tensile failure in dynamically triggered landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033710","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of shear and tensile failure in dynamically triggered landslides","docAbstract":"Dynamic stresses generated by earthquakes can trigger landslides. Current methods of landslide analysis such as pseudo-static analysis and Newmark's method focus on the effects of earthquake accelerations on the landslide mass to characterize dynamic landslide behaviour. One limitation of these methods is their use Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, which only accounts for shear failure, but the role of tensile failure is not accounted for. We develop a limit-equilibrium model to investigate the dynamic stresses generated by a given ground motion due to a plane wave and use this model to assess the role of shear and tensile failure in the initiation of slope instability. We do so by incorporating a modified Griffith failure envelope, which combines shear and tensile failure into a single criterion. Tests of dynamic stresses in both homogeneous and layered slopes demonstrate that two modes of failure exist, tensile failure in the uppermost meters of a slope and shear failure at greater depth. Further, we derive equations that express the dynamic stress in the near-surface in the acceleration measured at the surface. These equations are used to approximately define the depth range for each mechanism of failure. The depths at which these failure mechanisms occur suggest that shear and tensile failure might collaborate in generating slope failure. ?? 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2007 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03681.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Gipprich, T., Snieder, R., Jibson, R., and Kimman, W., 2008, The role of shear and tensile failure in dynamically triggered landslides: Geophysical Journal International, v. 172, no. 2, p. 770-778, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03681.x.","startPage":"770","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487750,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170719","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03681.x"}],"volume":"172","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf96e4b08c986b3248e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gipprich, T.L.","contributorId":25777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gipprich","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieder, R.K.","contributorId":10560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimman, W.","contributorId":88964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimman","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033709,"text":"70033709 - 2008 - Thermal and energetic constraints on ectotherm abundance: A global test using lizards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033709","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal and energetic constraints on ectotherm abundance: A global test using lizards","docAbstract":"Population densities of birds and mammals have been shown to decrease with body mass at approximately the same rate as metabolic rates increase, indicating that energetic needs constrain endotherm population densities. In ectotherms, the exponential increase of metabolic rate with body temperature suggests that environmental temperature may additionally constrain population densities. Here we test simple bioenergetic models for an ecologically important group of ectothermic vertebrates by examining 483 lizard populations. We find that lizard population densities decrease as a power law of body mass with a slope approximately inverse to the slope of the relationship between metabolic rates and body mass. Energy availability should limit population densities. As predicted, environmental productivity has a positive effect on lizard density, strengthening the relationship between lizard density and body mass. In contrast, the effect of environmental temperature is at most weak due to behavioral thermoregulation, thermal evolution, or the temperature dependence of ectotherm performance. Our results provide initial insights into how energy needs and availability differentially constrain ectotherm and endotherm density across broad spatial scales. ?? 2008 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-0845.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Buckley, L., Rodda, G., and Jetz, W., 2008, Thermal and energetic constraints on ectotherm abundance: A global test using lizards: Ecology, v. 89, no. 1, p. 48-55, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0845.1.","startPage":"48","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0845.1"},{"id":242128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb20de4b08c986b325580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckley, L.B.","contributorId":43185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jetz, W.","contributorId":101458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jetz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033708,"text":"70033708 - 2008 - Factors influencing nesting success of king eiders on northern Alaska's Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033708","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing nesting success of king eiders on northern Alaska's Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"King eider (Somateria spectabilis) populations have declined markedly in recent decades for unknown reasons. Nest survival is one component of recruitment, and a female's chance of reproductive success increases with her ability to choose an appropriate nesting strategy. We estimated variation in daily nest survival of king eiders at 2 sites, Teshekpuk and Kuparuk, Alaska, USA, 2002-2005. We evaluated both a priori and exploratory competing models of nest survival that considered importance of nest concealment, seclusion, and incubation constancy as strategies to avoid 2 primary egg predators, avian (Larus spp., Stercorarius spp., and Corvus corax) and fox (Alopex lagopus). We used generalized nonlinear techniques to examine factors affecting nest survival rates and information-theoretic approaches to select among competing models. Estimated nest survival, accounting for a nest visitation effect, varied considerably across sites and years (0.21-0.57); however, given our small sample size, much of this variation maybe attributable to sampling variation (??process = 0.007, 95% CI: 0.003-0.070). Nest survival was higher at Kuparuk than Teshekpuk in all years; however, due to the correlative nature of our data, we cannot determine the underlying causes with any certainty. We found mixed support for the concealed breeding strategy, females derived no benefit from nesting in areas with more willow (Salix spp.; measure of concealment) except that the observer effect diminished as willow cover increased. We suggest these patterns are due to conflicting predation pressures. Nest survival was not higher on islands (measure of seclusion) or with increased incubation constancy but was higher post-fox removal, indicating that predator control on breeding grounds could be a viable management option. Nest survival was negatively affected by our nest visitations, most likely by exposing the nest to avian scavengers. We recommend precautions be taken to limit the effects of nest visits in future studies and to consider them as a possible negative bias in estimated nest survival. Future models of the impacts of development within the breeding grounds of king eider should consider the influence of humans in the vicinity of nests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2007-345","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Bentzen, R., Powell, A., and Suydam, R., 2008, Factors influencing nesting success of king eiders on northern Alaska's Coastal Plain: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 8, p. 1781-1789, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-345.","startPage":"1781","endPage":"1789","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-345"},{"id":242096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec7e4b0c8380cd5360b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bentzen, R.L.","contributorId":42443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentzen","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suydam, R.S.","contributorId":74213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suydam","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032739,"text":"70032739 - 2008 - Predicted effects of proposed new regulation plans on sedge/grass meadows of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032739","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicted effects of proposed new regulation plans on sedge/grass meadows of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Previously described models for predicting the percent of Lake Ontario wetlands that would be occupied by sedge/grass-dominated meadow marsh were used to test four proposed new plans for regulation of lake levels and to make comparisons with the current plan and unregulated conditions. The models for drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands assessed responses to lake levels that would be generated by each plan under net total supplies modified from those that occurred from1900 to 2000. In years when reduced supplies would allow meadow marsh regeneration, simulated unregulated lake levels produced the most meadow marsh in all wetland geomorphic types; current Plan 1958DD produced the least. Overall predicted percent meadow marsh under the test plans decreased in the order B+, 2007, D+, and A+, and the latter three plans produced rather similar results in many cases. Lower percentages of meadow marsh under some plans were due to insufficient low lake levels that could allow soils to dry and restrict invasion by cattails, as well as lack of periodic high lake levels that could kill invading upland plants. An assessment of seasonal lake-level characteristics demonstrated that Plan 2007 would reduce mean winter lake levels by 13 cm or more than Plan B+ and springtime lake levels by more than 10 cm. These seasonal differences could result in less winter habitat for muskrats and reduced access to spring spawning habitats for fish such as northern pike. Our model results provide important information for use in the process of selecting a new regulation plan for Lake Ontario.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.745","issn":"03801","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D., and Xie, Y., 2008, Predicted effects of proposed new regulation plans on sedge/grass meadows of Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 34, no. 4, p. 745-754, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.745.","startPage":"745","endPage":"754","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476730,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2268","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.745"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8191e4b0c8380cd7b5c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xie, Y.","contributorId":107917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032010,"text":"70032010 - 2008 - A Visual Basic program to plot sediment grain-size data on ternary diagrams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T15:20:42","indexId":"70032010","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Visual Basic program to plot sediment grain-size data on ternary diagrams","docAbstract":"<p id=\"para0005\">Sedimentologic datasets are typically large and compiled into tables or databases, but pure numerical information can be difficult to understand and interpret. Thus, scientists commonly use graphical representations to reduce complexities, recognize trends and patterns in the data, and develop hypotheses. Of the graphical techniques, one of the most common methods used by sedimentologists is to plot the basic gravel, sand, silt, and clay percentages on equilateral triangular diagrams. This means of presenting data is simple and facilitates rapid classification of sediments and comparison of samples.</p><p id=\"para0010\">The original classification scheme developed by<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>used a single ternary diagram with sand, silt, and clay in the corners and 10 categories to graphically show the relative proportions among these three grades within a sample. This scheme, however, did not allow for sediments with significant amounts of gravel. Therefore, Shepard's classification scheme was later modified by the addition of a second ternary diagram with two categories to account for gravel and gravelly sediment (Schlee, 1973). The system devised by<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974)\\<span>&nbsp;</span>is also based on two triangular diagrams, but it has 21 categories and uses the term mud (defined as silt plus clay). Patterns within the triangles of both systems differ, as does the emphasis placed on gravel. For example, in the system described by Shepard, gravelly sediments have more than 10% gravel; in Folk's system, slightly gravelly sediments have as little as 0.01% gravel. Folk's classification scheme stresses gravel because its concentration is a function of the highest current velocity at the time of deposition as is the maximum grain size of the detritus that is available; Shepard's classification scheme emphasizes the ratios of sand, silt, and clay because they reflect sorting and reworking (Poppe et al., 2005).</p><p id=\"para0015\">The program described herein (SEDPLOT) generates verbal equivalents and ternary diagrams to characterize sediment grain-size distributions. It is written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and provides a window to facilitate program execution. The inputs for the sediment fractions are percentages of gravel, sand, silt, and clay in the<span>&nbsp;</span>Wentworth (1922)<span>&nbsp;</span>grade scale, and the program permits the user to select output in either the<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>classification scheme, modified as described above, or the<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974)<span>&nbsp;</span>scheme. Users select options primarily with mouse-click events and through interactive dialogue boxes. This program is intended as a companion to other Visual Basic software we have developed to process sediment data (Poppe et al., 2003, 2004).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.019","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., and Eliason, A., 2008, A Visual Basic program to plot sediment grain-size data on ternary diagrams: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 5, p. 561-565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.019.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"565","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2241","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e314e4b0c8380cd45def","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eliason, A.H.","contributorId":40972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033032,"text":"70033032 - 2008 - Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T09:20:26","indexId":"70033032","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Manipulations of the vegetation and hydrology of wetlands for mosquito control are common worldwide, but these modifications may affect vital ecosystem processes. To control mosquitoes in mangrove swamps in eastern Florida, managers have used rotational impoundment management (RIM) as an alternative to the worldwide practice of mosquito ditching. Levees surround RIM swamps, and water is pumped into the impoundment during the summer, a season when natural swamps have low water levels. In the New World, these mosquito-managed swamps resemble the mixed basin type of mangrove swamp (based on PCA analysis). An assessment was made of RIM, natural (control), and breached-RIM (restored) swamps in eastern Florida to compare their structural complexities, soil development, and resistance to invasion. Regarding structural complexity, dominant species composition differed between these swamps; the red mangrove&nbsp;</span><i>Rhizophora mangle</i><span>&nbsp;occurred at a higher relative density in RIM and breached-RIM swamps, and the black mangrove&nbsp;</span><i>Avicennia germinans</i><span>&nbsp;had a higher relative density in natural swamps. Tree density and canopy cover were higher and tree height lower in RIM swamps than in natural and breached-RIM swamps. Soil organic matter in RIM swamps was twice that in natural or breached-RIM swamps. RIM swamps had a lower resistance to invasion by the Brazilian pepper tree&nbsp;</span><i>Schinus terebinthifolius</i><span>, which is likely attributable to the lower porewater salinity in RIM swamps. These characteristics may reflect differences in important ecosystem processes (primary production, trophic structure, nutrient cycling, decomposition). Comparative assessments of managed wetlands are vital for land managers, so that they can make informed decisions compatible with conservation objectives.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07683","issn":"01718","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., Devlin, D., Proffitt, E., McKee, K., and Cretini, K., 2008, Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 371, p. 117-129, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07683.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07683","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49be4b0c8380cd4bdfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devlin, D.","contributorId":22156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devlin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Proffitt, E.","contributorId":36758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Karen 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":69273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cretini, K.F. 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":55922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035303,"text":"70035303 - 2008 - Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T09:08:53","indexId":"70035303","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon ages of 24 samples from oceanic crust recovered in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole U1309D and from the surface of Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (30&deg;N) document a protracted history of accretion in the footwall to an oceanic detachment fault. Ages for 18 samples of evolved Fe-Ti oxide gabbro and felsic dikes collected 40&ndash;1415 m below seafloor in U1309D yield a weighted mean of 1.20 &plusmn; 0.03 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates = 7.1). However, the ages range from 1.08 &plusmn; 0.07 Ma and 1.28 &plusmn; 0.05 Ma indicating crustal construction occurred over a minimum of 100&ndash;200 ka. The zircon ages, along with petrologic observations, indicate at least 2 major periods of intrusive activity with age peaks separated by 70 ka. The oldest ages are observed below 600 mbsf, an observation inconsistent with models requiring constant depth melt intrusion beneath a detachment fault. The data are most consistent with a &ldquo;multiple sill&rdquo; model whereby sills intrude at random depths below the ridge axis over a length scale greater than 1.4 km. Zircon ages from broadly spaced samples collected along the southern ridge of Atlantis Massif yield a detachment fault slip rate of 28.7 &plusmn; 6.7 mm/a and imply significant asymmetric plate spreading (up to 100% on the North American plate) for at least 200 ka during core complex formation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002063","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Grimes, C.B., John, B., Cheadle, M.J., and Wooden, J., 2008, Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR): Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 8, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002063.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476662,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002063"},{"id":243071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f9be4b0c8380cd7f873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, Barbara E.","contributorId":61833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheadle, Michael J.","contributorId":68945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheadle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}