{"pageNumber":"914","pageRowStart":"22825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70032098,"text":"70032098 - 2008 - Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032098","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Extreme U and Pb isotope variations produced by disequilibrium in decay chains of 238U and 232Th are found in calcite, opal/chalcedony, and Mn-oxides occurring as secondary mineral coatings in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These very slowly growing minerals (mm my-1) contain excess 206Pb and 208Pb formed from excesses of intermediate daughter isotopes and cannot be used as reliable 206Pb/238U geochronometers. The presence of excess intermediate daughter isotopes does not appreciably affect 207Pb/235U ages of U-enriched opal/chalcedony, which are interpreted as mineral formation ages. Opal and calcite from outer (younger) portions of coatings have 230Th/U ages from 94.6 ?? 3.7 to 361.3 ?? 9.8 ka and initial 234U/238U activity ratios (AR) from 4.351 ?? 0.070 to 7.02 ?? 0.12, which indicate 234U enrichment from percolating water. Present-day 234U/238U AR is ???1 in opal/chalcedony from older portions of the coatings. The 207Pb/235U ages of opal/chalcedony samples range from 0.1329 ?? 0.0080 to 9.10 ?? 0.21 Ma, increase with microstratigraphic depth, and define slow long-term average growth rates of about 1.2-2.0 mm my-1, in good agreement with previous results. Measured 234U/238U AR in Mn-oxides, which pre-date the oldest calcite and opal/chalcedony, range from 0.939 ?? 0.006 to 2.091 ?? 0.006 and are >1 in most samples. The range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.71156-0.71280) in Mn-oxides overlaps that in the late calcite. These data indicate that Mn-oxides exchange U and Sr with percolating water and cannot be used as a reliable dating tool. In the U-poor calcite samples, measured 206Pb/207Pb ratios have a wide range, do not correlate with Ba concentration as would be expected if excess Ra was present, and reach a value of about 1400, the highest ever reported for natural Pb. Calcite intergrown with opal contains excesses of both 206Pb and 207Pb derived from Rn diffusion and from direct ??-recoil from U-rich opal. Calcite from coatings devoid of opal/chalcedony contains 206Pb and 208Pb excesses, but no appreciable 207Pb excesses. Observed Pb isotope anomalies in calcite are explained by Rn-produced excess Pb. The Rn emanation may strongly affect 206Pb-238U ages of slow-growing U-poor calcite, but should be negligible for dating fast-growing U-enriched speleothem calcite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., and Amelin, Y.V., 2008, Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 8, p. 2067-2089, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001.","startPage":"2067","endPage":"2089","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001"},{"id":242664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a634ee4b0c8380cd72409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelin, Y. V.","contributorId":89679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031749,"text":"70031749 - 2008 - Advection, dispersion, and filtration of fine particles within emergent vegetation of the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031749","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advection, dispersion, and filtration of fine particles within emergent vegetation of the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"The movement of particulate matter within wetland surface waters affects nutrient cycling, contaminant mobility, and the evolution of the wetland landscape. Despite the importance of particle transport in influencing wetland form and function, there are few data sets that illuminate, in a quantitative way, the transport behavior of particulate matter within surface waters containing emergent vegetation. We report observations from experiments on the transport of 1 ??m latex microspheres at a wetland field site located in Water Conservation Area 3A of the Florida Everglades. The experiments involved line source injections of particles inside two 4.8-m-long surface water flumes constructed within a transition zone between an Eleocharis slough and Cladium jamaicense ridge and within a Cladium jamaicense ridge. We compared the measurements of particle transport to calculations of two-dimensional advection-dispersion model that accounted for a linear increase in water velocities with elevation above the ground surface. The results of this analysis revealed that particle spreading by longitudinal and vertical dispersion was substantially greater in the ridge than within the transition zone and that particle capture by aquatic vegetation lowered surface water particle concentrations and, at least for the timescale of our experiments, could be represented as an irreversible, first-order kinetics process. We found generally good agreement between our field-based estimates of particle dispersion and water velocity and estimates determined from published theory, suggesting that the advective-dispersive transport of particulate matter within complex wetland environments can be approximated on the basis of measurable properties of the flow and aquatic vegetation. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006290","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Huang, Y., Saiers, J., Harvey, J., Noe, G., and Mylon, S., 2008, Advection, dispersion, and filtration of fine particles within emergent vegetation of the Florida Everglades: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006290.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212367,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006290"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e70ae4b0c8380cd477f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Y.H.","contributorId":84161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saiers, J.E.","contributorId":61234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiers","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mylon, S.","contributorId":22147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mylon","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031747,"text":"70031747 - 2008 - Hydrography and bottom boundary layer dynamics: Influence on inner shelf sediment mobility, Long Bay, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T11:06:22","indexId":"70031747","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrography and bottom boundary layer dynamics: Influence on inner shelf sediment mobility, Long Bay, North Carolina","docAbstract":"This study examined the hydrography and bottom boundary-layer dynamics of two typical storm events affecting coastal North Carolina (NC); a hurricane and the passages of two small consecutive extratropical storms during November 2005. Two upward-looking 1200-kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) were deployed on the inner shelf in northern Long Bay, NC at water depths of less than 15 m. Both instruments profiled the overlying water column in 0.35 in bins beginning at a height of 1.35 in above the bottom (mab). Simultaneous measurements of wind speed and direction, wave and current parameters, and acoustic backscatter were coupled with output from a bottom boundary layer (bbl) model to describe the hydrography and boundary layer conditions during each event. The bbl model also was used to quantify sediment transport in the boundary layer during each storm. Both study sites exhibited similar temporal variations in wave and current magnitude, however, wave heights during the November event were higher than waves associated with the hurricane. Near-bottom mean and subtidal currents, however, were of greater magnitude during the hurricane. Peak depth-integrated suspended sediment transport during the November event exceeded transport associated with the hurricane by 25-70%. Substantial spatial variations in sediment transport existed throughout both events. During both events, along-shelf sediment transport exceeded across-shelf transport and was related to the magnitude and direction of subtidal currents. Given the variations in sediment type across the bay, complex shoreline configuration, and local bathymetry, the sediment transport rates reported here are very site specific. However, the general hydrography associated with the two storms is representative of conditions across northern Long Bay. Since the beaches in the study area undergo frequent renourishment to counter the effects of beach erosion, the results of this study also are relevant to coastal management decision-making. Specifically, these issues include 1) identification of municipalities that should share the cost for renourishment given the likelihood for significant along-shelf sand movement and 2) appropriate timing of sand placement with respect to local climatology and sea-turtle nesting restrictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Davis, L., Leonard, L., and Snedden, G., 2008, Hydrography and bottom boundary layer dynamics: Influence on inner shelf sediment mobility, Long Bay, North Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 97-109.","startPage":"97","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3501e4b0c8380cd5fbcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, L.A.","contributorId":29639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonard, L.A.","contributorId":22582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snedden, G.A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":37535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032104,"text":"70032104 - 2008 - Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T08:13:18","indexId":"70032104","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study was conducted at three locations in a bottomland hardwood forest with a distinct elevation and hydrological gradient: ridge (high, dry), transition, and swamp (low, wet). At each location, concentrations of soil greenhouse gases (N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>), their fluxes to the atmosphere, and soil redox potential (Eh) were measured bimonthly, while the water table was monitored every day. Results show that soil Eh was significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001) correlated with water table: a negative correlation at the ridge and transition locations, but a positive correlation at the permanently flooded swamp location. Both soil gas profile analysis and surface gas flux measurements indicated that the ridge and transition locations could be a sink of atmospheric CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, especially in warm seasons, but generally functioned as a minor source of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in cool seasons. The swamp location was a major source of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and the emission rate was higher in the warm seasons (mean 28 and median 23 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) than in the cool seasons (both mean and median 13 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Average CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rate was 251, 380 and 52 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the ridge, transition and swamp location, respectively. At each location, higher CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>emission rates were also found in the warm seasons. The lowest CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rate was found at the swamp location, where soil C content was the highest, due to less microbial biomass, less CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;production in such an anaerobic environment, and greater difficulty of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;diffusion to the atmosphere. Cumulative global warming potential emission from these three greenhouse gases was in an order of swamp &gt; transition &gt; ridge location. The ratio CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>/CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;production in soil is a critical factor for evaluating the overall benefit of soil C sequestration, which can be greatly offset by CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;production and emission.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Yu, K., Faulkner, S., and Baldwin, M., 2008, Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration: Global Change Biology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 798-812, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"798","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05eae4b0c8380cd51012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, K.","contributorId":23756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, M.J. 0000-0002-7865-6590 baldwinm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-6590","contributorId":146154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"M.J.","email":"baldwinm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031737,"text":"70031737 - 2008 - Population structure and genetic diversity of black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei) in a highly fragmented watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70031737","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure and genetic diversity of black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei) in a highly fragmented watershed","docAbstract":"Dams have the potential to affect population size and connectivity, reduce genetic diversity, and increase genetic differences among isolated riverine fish populations. Previous research has reported adverse effects on the distribution and demographics of black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei), a threatened fish species in Canada. However, effects on genetic diversity and population structure are unknown. We used microsatellite DNA markers to assess the number of genetic populations in the Grand River (Ontario) and to test whether dams have resulted in a loss of genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation among populations. Three hundred and seventy-seven individuals from eight Grand River sites were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Measures of genetic diversity were moderately high and not significantly different among populations; strong evidence of recent population bottlenecks was not detected. Pairwise FST and exact tests identified weak (global FST = 0.011) but statistically significant population structure, although little population structuring was detected using either genetic distances or an individual-based clustering method. Neither geographic distance nor the number of intervening dams were correlated with pairwise differences among populations. Tests for regional equilibrium indicate that Grand River populations were either in equilibrium between gene flow and genetic drift or that gene flow is more influential than drift. While studies on other species have identified strong dam-related effects on genetic diversity and population structure, this study suggests that barrier permeability, river fragment length and the ecological characteristics of affected species can counterbalance dam-related effects. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-007-9367-2","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Reid, S., Wilson, C., Mandrak, N., and Carl, L., 2008, Population structure and genetic diversity of black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei) in a highly fragmented watershed: Conservation Genetics, v. 9, no. 3, p. 531-546, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9367-2.","startPage":"531","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212638,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9367-2"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d97e4b0c8380cd7a03b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, S.M.","contributorId":61550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C.C.","contributorId":102987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandrak, N.E.","contributorId":79301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandrak","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carl, L.M.","contributorId":22478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carl","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031726,"text":"70031726 - 2008 - Environmental tracers as indicators of karst conduits in groundwater in South Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031726","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental tracers as indicators of karst conduits in groundwater in South Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"Environmental tracers sampled from the carbonate Madison aquifer on the eastern flank of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA indicated the approximate locations of four major karst conduits. Contamination issues are a major concern because these conduits are characterized by direct connections to sinking streams, high groundwater velocities, and proximity to public water supplies. Objectives of the study were to estimate approximate conduit locations and assess possible anthropogenic influences associated with conduits. Anomalies of young groundwater based on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and electrical conductivity (EC) indicated fast moving, focused flow and thus the likely presence of conduits. ??18O was useful for determining sources of recharge for each conduit, and nitrate was a useful tracer for assessing flow paths for anthropogenic influences. Two of the four conduits terminate at or near a large spring complex. CFC apparent ages ranged from 15 years near conduits to >50 years in other areas. Nitrate-N concentrations >0.4 mg/L in groundwater were associated with each of the four conduits compared with concentrations ranging from <0.1 to 0.4 mg/L in other areas. These higher nitrate-N concentrations probably do not result from sinking streams but rather from other areas of infiltration. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0232-7","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Long, A., Sawyer, J., and Putnam, L., 2008, Environmental tracers as indicators of karst conduits in groundwater in South Dakota, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, no. 2, p. 263-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0232-7.","startPage":"263","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212486,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0232-7"},{"id":239977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09eae4b0c8380cd520f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, J.F.","contributorId":38363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031723,"text":"70031723 - 2008 - Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T13:07:55","indexId":"70031723","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The surface renewal method was used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) for a restored marsh on Twitchell Island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. ET estimates for the marsh, together with reference ET measurements from a nearby climate station, were used to determine crop coefficients over a 3‐year period during the growing season. The mean ET rate for the study period was 6 mm day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, which is high compared with other marshes with similar vegetation. High ET rates at the marsh may be due to the windy, semi‐arid Mediterranean climate of the region, and the permanently flooded nature of the marsh, which results in very low surface resistance of the vegetation. Crop coefficient (</span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span>) values for the marsh ranged from 0·73 to 1·18. The mean<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>value over the entire study period was 0·95. The daily<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values for any given month varied from year to year, and the standard deviation of daily<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values varied between months. Although several climate variables were undoubtedly responsible for this variation, our analysis revealed that wind direction and the temperature of standing water in the wetland were of particular importance in determining ET rates and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values.<span>&nbsp;</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6650","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Anderson, F.E., and Snyder, R.L., 2008, Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 6, p. 725-735, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6650.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"735","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6650"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d20e4b0c8380cd52e21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Richard L.","contributorId":167497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24726,"text":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":432862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033252,"text":"70033252 - 2008 - Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:12:46","indexId":"70033252","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Determining the processes governing aqueous biogeochemistry in a wetland hydrologically linked to an underlying contaminated aquifer is challenging due to the complex exchange between the systems and their distinct responses to changes in precipitation, recharge, and biological activities. To evaluate temporal and spatial processes in the wetland-aquifer system, water samples were collected using cm-scale multi-chambered passive diffusion samplers (peepers) to span the wetland-aquifer interface over a period of 3 yr. Samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, methane, and a suite of organic acids resulting in a large dataset of over 8000 points, which was evaluated using multivariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was chosen with the purpose of exploring the sources of variation in the dataset to expose related variables and provide insight into the biogeochemical processes that control the water chemistry of the system. Factor scores computed from PCA were mapped by date and depth. Patterns observed suggest that (i) fermentation is the process controlling the greatest variability in the dataset and it peaks in May; (ii) iron and sulfate reduction were the dominant terminal electron-accepting processes in the system and were associated with fermentation but had more complex seasonal variability than fermentation; (iii) methanogenesis was also important and associated with bacterial utilization of minerals as a source of electron acceptors (e.g., barite BaSO<sub>4</sub>); and (iv) seasonal hydrological patterns (wet and dry periods) control the availability of electron acceptors through the reoxidation of reduced iron-sulfur species enhancing iron and sulfate reduction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0169","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I., and Voytek, M., 2008, Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 30-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa2e4b0c8380cd4f2ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S. E.","contributorId":64034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033254,"text":"70033254 - 2008 - A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:17:43","indexId":"70033254","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California","docAbstract":"Stream temperature is an important component of salmonid habitat and is often above levels suitable for fish survival in the Lower Klamath River in northern California. The objective of this study was to provide boundary conditions for models that are assessing stream temperature on the main stem for the purpose of developing strategies to manage stream conditions using Total Maximum Daily Loads. For model input, hourly stream temperatures for 36 tributaries were estimated for 1 Jan. 2001 through 31 Oct. 2004. A basin-scale approach incorporating spatially distributed energy balance data was used to estimate the stream temperatures with measured air temperature and relative humidity data and simulated solar radiation, including topographic shading and corrections for cloudiness. Regression models were developed on the basis of available stream temperature data to predict temperatures for unmeasured periods of time and for unmeasured streams. The most significant factor in matching measured minimum and maximum stream temperatures was the seasonality of the estimate. Adding minimum and maximum air temperature to the regression model improved the estimate, and air temperature data over the region are available and easily distributed spatially. The addition of simulated solar radiation and vapor saturation deficit to the regression model significantly improved predictions of maximum stream temperature but was not required to predict minimum stream temperature. The average SE in estimated maximum daily stream temperature for the individual basins was 0.9 ?? 0.6??C at the 95% confidence interval. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0341","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., and Flint, A.L., 2008, A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0341.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0341"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e318e4b0c8380cd45e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032109,"text":"70032109 - 2008 - A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70032109","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations","docAbstract":"Information on vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) can often shed much light on how a contaminant will move in the subsurface. The direct-push injection logger has been developed to rapidly obtain such information in shallow unconsolidated settings. This small-diameter tool consists of a short screen located just behind a drive point. The tool is advanced into the subsurface while water is injected through the screen to keep it clear. Upon reaching a depth at which information about K is desired, advancement ceases and the injection rate and pressure are measured on the land surface. The rate and pressure values are used in a ratio that serves as a proxy for K. A vertical profile of this ratio can be transformed into a K profile through regressions with K estimates determined using other techniques. The viability of the approach was assessed at an extensively studied field site in eastern Germany. The assessment demonstrated that this tool can rapidly identify zones that may serve as conduits for or barriers to contaminant movement. ?? 2007 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Dietrich, P., Butler, J., and Faiss, K., 2008, A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 2, p. 323-328, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x.","startPage":"323","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476784,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215060,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x"},{"id":242829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52ce4b0c8380cd46bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietrich, P.","contributorId":80074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faiss, K.","contributorId":53617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faiss","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033664,"text":"70033664 - 2008 - Influence of fipronil compounds and rice-cultivation land-use intensity on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of southwestern Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033664","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of fipronil compounds and rice-cultivation land-use intensity on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of southwestern Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"Laboratory tests of fipronil and its degradation products have revealed acute lethal toxicity at very low concentrations (LC50) of <0.5 ??g/L to selected aquatic macroinvertebrates. In streams draining basins with intensive rice cultivation in southwestern Louisiana, USA, concentrations of fipronil compounds were an order of magnitude larger than the LC50. The abundance (?? = -0.64; p = 0.015) and taxa richness (r2 = 0.515, p < 0.005) of macroinvertebrate communities declined significantly with increases in concentrations of fipronil compounds and rice-cultivation land-use intensity. Macroinvertebrate community tolerance scores increased linearly (r2 = 0.442, p < 0.005) with increases in the percentage of rice cultivation in the basins, indicating increasingly degraded stream conditions. Similarly, macroinvertebrate community-tolerance scores increased rapidly as fipronil concentrations approached about 1 ??g/L. Pesticide toxicity index determinations indicated that aquatic macroinvertebrates respond to a gradient of fipronil compounds in water although stream size and habitat cannot be ruled out as contributing influences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.03.021","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Mize, S., Porter, S.D., and Demcheck, D., 2008, Influence of fipronil compounds and rice-cultivation land-use intensity on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of southwestern Louisiana, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 152, no. 2, p. 491-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.03.021.","startPage":"491","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214256,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.03.021"},{"id":241958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b33e4b0c8380cd622f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mize, S.V.","contributorId":93666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demcheck, D.K.","contributorId":87968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033659,"text":"70033659 - 2008 - Using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate isolates of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:28:39.317025","indexId":"70033659","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate isolates of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> serotype 1","title":"Using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate isolates of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1","docAbstract":"<p>Avian cholera, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pasteurella multocida</i>, kills thousands of North American wild waterfowl annually.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pasteurella multocida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>serotype 1 isolates cultured during a laboratory challenge study of Mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) and collected from wild birds and environmental samples during avian cholera outbreaks were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, a whole-genome DNA fingerprinting technique. Comparison of the AFLP profiles of 53 isolates from the laboratory challenge demonstrated that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. multocida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>underwent genetic changes during a 3-mo period. Analysis of 120<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. multocida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>serotype 1 isolates collected from wild birds and environmental samples revealed that isolates were distinguishable from one another based on regional and temporal genetic characteristics. Thus, AFLP analysis had the ability to distinguish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. multocida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isolates of the same serotype by detecting spatiotemporal genetic changes and provides a tool to advance the study of avian cholera epidemiology. Further application of AFLP technology to the examination of wild bird avian cholera outbreaks may facilitate more effective management of this disease by providing the potential to investigate correlations between virulence and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. multocida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>genotypes, to identify affiliations between bird species and bacterial genotypes, and to elucidate the role of specific bird species in disease transmission.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-44.2.209","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Blehert, D.S., Jefferson, K.L., Heisey, D.M., Samuel, M.D., Berlowski-Zier, B.M., and Shadduck, D.J., 2008, Using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate isolates of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 44, no. 2, p. 209-225, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.2.209.","productDescription":"17 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}\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc02ce4b08c986b329f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jefferson, K. L.","contributorId":63634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jefferson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, M. D.","contributorId":118368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M. 0000-0002-7922-8352 bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-8352","contributorId":4288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski-Zier","given":"Brenda","email":"bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shadduck, Daniel J.","contributorId":77499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shadduck","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033653,"text":"70033653 - 2008 - Effectiveness of household reverse-osmosis systems in a Western U.S. region with high arsenic in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033653","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of household reverse-osmosis systems in a Western U.S. region with high arsenic in groundwater","docAbstract":"It is well known to the public in Lahontan Valley in rural Nevada, USA, that local aquifers produce water with varied, but sometimes very high concentrations of arsenic (> 4??ppm). As a result, many residents of the area have installed household reverse-osmosis (RO) systems to produce drinking water. We examined performance of RO systems and factors associated with arsenic removal efficiency in 59 households in Lahontan Valley. The sampling results indicated that RO systems removed an average of 80.2% of arsenic from well water. In 18 of the 59 households, arsenic concentrations exceeded 10??ppb in treated water, with a maximum in treated water of 180??ppb. In 3 of the 59 households, RO treatment had little effect on specific conductance, indicating that the RO system was not working properly. Two main factors lead to arsenic levels in treated water exceeding drinking-water standards in the study area. First, arsenic concentrations were high enough in some Lahontan Valley wells that arsenic levels exceeded 10??ppb even though RO treatment removed more than 95% of the arsenic. Second, trivalent As+ 3 was the dominant arsenic species in approximately 15% of the wells, which significantly reduced treatment efficiency. Measurements of specific conductance indicated that efficiency in reducing arsenic levels did not always correlate with reductions in total dissolved solids. As a consequence, improvements in taste of the water or simple measurements of specific conductance made by technicians to test RO systems can mislead the public into assuming the water meets safety standards. Actual measurements of treated water are necessary to assure that household RO systems are reducing arsenic concentrations to safe levels, particularly in areas where groundwater has high arsenic concentrations or where As+ 3 is the dominant species. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.061","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Walker, M., Seiler, R.L., and Meinert, M., 2008, Effectiveness of household reverse-osmosis systems in a Western U.S. region with high arsenic in groundwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 389, no. 2-3, p. 245-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.061.","startPage":"245","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.061"},{"id":241796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"389","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a063ce4b0c8380cd5117d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, M.","contributorId":81317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meinert, M.","contributorId":97335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinert","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033652,"text":"70033652 - 2008 - Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of land-atmosphere interactions within the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:10:55","indexId":"70033652","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of land-atmosphere interactions within the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Over the past 350 years, the eastern half of the United States experienced extensive land cover changes. These began with land clearing in the 1600s, continued with widespread deforestation, wetland drainage, and intensive land use by 1920, and then evolved to the present-day landscape of forest regrowth, intensive agriculture, urban expansion, and landscape fragmentation. Such changes alter biophysical properties that are key determinants of land-atmosphere interactions (water, energy, and carbon exchanges). To understand the potential implications of these land use transformations, we developed and analyzed 20-km land cover and biophysical parameter data sets for the eastern United States at 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992 time slices. Our approach combined potential vegetation, county-level census data, soils data, resource statistics, a Landsat-derived land cover classification, and published historical information on land cover and land use. We reconstructed land use intensity maps for each time slice and characterized the land cover condition. We combined these land use data with a mutually consistent set of biophysical parameter classes, to characterize the historical diversity and distribution of land surface properties. Time series maps of land surface albedo, leaf area index, a deciduousness index, canopy height, surface roughness, and potential saturated soils in 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992 illustrate the profound effects of land use change on biophysical properties of the land surface. Although much of the eastern forest has returned, the average biophysical parameters for recent landscapes remain markedly different from those of earlier periods. Understanding the consequences of these historical changes will require land-atmosphere interactions modeling experiments.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2006JD008277","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Steyaert, L.T., and Knox, R., 2008, Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of land-atmosphere interactions within the eastern United States: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 113, no. 2, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008277.","productDescription":"D02101; 27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476704,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008277"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a24ae4b0e8fec6cdb555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knox, R.G.","contributorId":95690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033257,"text":"70033257 - 2008 - A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:12:33","indexId":"70033257","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">A method was developed for the analysis of over 60 pesticides and degradates in water by HLB solid-phase extraction and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined using two surface waters with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the lower DOC water, recoveries and detection limits were 80%–108% and 1–12&nbsp;ng/L, respectively. In the higher DOC water, the detection limits were slightly higher (1–15&nbsp;ng/L). Additionally, surface water samples from four sites were analyzed and 14 pesticides were detected with concentrations ranging from 4 to 1,200&nbsp;ng/L.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Smalling, K., and Kuivila, K., 2008, A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 139-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213190,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalling, K.L.","contributorId":66068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032116,"text":"70032116 - 2008 - Use of tolerance values to diagnose water-quality stressors to aquatic biota in New England streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032116","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of tolerance values to diagnose water-quality stressors to aquatic biota in New England streams","docAbstract":"Identification of stressors related to biological impairment is critical to biological assessments. We applied nationally derived tolerance indicator values for four water-quality variables to fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at 29 sites along an urban gradient in New England. Tolerance indicator values (TIVs), as biologically based predictors of water-quality variables, were determined for dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate (nitrate), total phosphorus, and water temperature for each site based on observed biological assemblages (TIVO), and for expected assemblages (TIVE). The quotient method, based on a ratio of the TIVs for observed and expected assemblages (tolerance units), was used to diagnose potential water-quality stressors. In addition, the ratio of measured water-quality values to water-quality criteria (water-quality units) was calculated for each water-quality variable to assess measured water-quality stressors. Results from a RIVPACS predictive model for benthic macroinvertebrates and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for fish were used to classify sites into categories of good or impaired ecological condition. Significant differences were detected between good and impaired sites for all biological tolerance units (fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages averaged) except for nitrate (P = 0.480), and for all water-quality units except for nitrate (P = 0.183). Diagnosis of water-quality stressors at selected sites was, in general, consistent with State-reported causes of impairment. Tolerance units for benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages were significantly correlated for water temperature (P = 0.001, r = 0.63), dissolved oxygen (P = 0.001, r = 0.61), and total phosphorus (P = 0.001, r = 0.61), but not for nitrate (P = 0.059, r = -0.35). Differences between the two assemblages in site-specific diagnosis of water-quality stressors may be the result of differences in nitrate tolerance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.01.002","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Meador, M.R., Carlisle, D., and Coles, J., 2008, Use of tolerance values to diagnose water-quality stressors to aquatic biota in New England streams: Ecological Indicators, v. 8, no. 5, p. 718-728, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.01.002.","startPage":"718","endPage":"728","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214656,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.01.002"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa4e4b08c986b329ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coles, J.F.","contributorId":80257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033651,"text":"70033651 - 2008 - Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70033651","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed","docAbstract":"The similarity of tiled-drained watersheds to karst drainage basins can be used to improve understanding of watershed-scale nutrient losses from subsurface tile drainage networks. In this study, short-term variations in discharge and chemistry were examined from a tile outlet collecting subsurface tile flow from a 963 ha agricultural watershed. Study objectives were to apply analytical techniques from karst springs to tile discharge to evaluate water sources and estimate the loads of agricultural pollutants discharged from the tile with conduit, intermediate and diffuse flow regimes. A two-member mixing model using nitrate, chloride and specific conductance was used to distinguish rainwater versus groundwater inputs. Results indicated that groundwater comprised 75% of the discharge for a three-day storm period and rainwater was primarily concentrated during the hydrograph peak. A contrasting pattern of solute concentrations and export loads was observed in tile flow. During base flow periods, tile flow consisted of diffuse flow from groundwater sources and contained elevated levels of nitrate, chloride and specific conductance. During storm events, suspended solids and pollutants adhered to soil surfaces (phosphorus, ammonium and organic nitrogen) were concentrated and discharged during the rapid, conduit flow portion of the hydrograph. During a three-day period, conduit flow occurred for 5.6% of the time but accounted for 16.5% of the total flow. Nitrate and chloride were delivered primarily with diffuse flow (more than 70%), whereas 80-94% of total suspended sediment, phosphorus and ammonium were exported with conduit and intermediate flow regimes. Understanding the water sources contributing to tile drainage and the manner by which pollutant discharge occurs from these systems (conduit, intermediate or diffuse flow) may be useful for designing, implementing and evaluating non-point source reduction strategies in tile-drained landscapes. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Helmers, M., 2008, Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed: Journal of Hydrology, v. 349, no. 3-4, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014"},{"id":242289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"349","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb386e4b08c986b325e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmers, M.","contributorId":94872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033648,"text":"70033648 - 2008 - Comparison of pesticide concentrations in streams at low flow in six metropolitan areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:32:57","indexId":"70033648","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of pesticide concentrations in streams at low flow in six metropolitan areas of the United States","docAbstract":"To examine the effect of urban development on pesticide concentrations in streams under low-flow conditions, water samples were collected at stream sites along an urban land use gradient in six environmentally heterogeneous metropolitan areas of the United States. In all six metropolitan areas, total insecticide concentrations generally increased significantly as urban land cover in the basin increased, regardless of whether the background land cover in the basins was agricultural, forested, or shrub land. In contrast, the response of total herbicide concentrations to urbanization varied with the environmental setting. In the three metropolitan areas with predominantly forested background land cover (Raleigh-Durham, NC, USA; Atlanta, GA, USA; Portland, OR, USA), total herbicide concentrations increased significantly with increasing urban land cover. In contrast, total herbicide concentrations were not significantly related to urban land cover in the three remaining metropolitan areas, where total herbicide concentrations appeared to be strongly influenced by agricultural as well as urban sources (Milwaukee-Green Bay, WI, USA; Dallas-Fort Worth, TX, USA), or by factors not measured in the present study, such as water management (Denver, CO, USA). Pesticide concentrations rarely exceeded benchmarks for protection of aquatic life, although these low-flow concentrations are likely to be lower than at other times, such as during peak pesticide-use periods, storm events, or irrigation discharge. Normalization of pesticide concentrations by the pesticide toxicity index - an index of relative potential toxicity - for fish and cladocerans indicated that the pesticides detected at the highest concentrations (herbicides in five of the six metropolitan areas) were not necessarily the pesticides with the greatest potential to adversely affect aquatic life (typically insecticides such as carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and fipronil). ?? 2008 SETAC.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/07-276R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., and Nowell, L.H., 2008, Comparison of pesticide concentrations in streams at low flow in six metropolitan areas of the United States: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 288-298, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-276R.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214491,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-276R.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f87fe4b0c8380cd4d13f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033638,"text":"70033638 - 2008 - Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A field study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033638","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A field study","docAbstract":"Prior studies of the phytoplankton dynamics in South San Francisco Bay, California, USA have hypothesized that bivalve filter-feeders are responsible for the limited phytoplankton blooms in the system. This study was designed to examine the effects of benthic grazing and light attenuation on this shallow, turbid, and nutrient replete system. We found that grazing by shallow water bivalves was important in determining phytoplankton bloom occurrence throughout the system and that above a shallow water bivalve grazing threshold, phytoplankton biomass did not exceed bloom levels. Wind speed, used as a proxy for light attenuation in the shallow water, was similarly important in determining bloom development in the shallow water. Environmental conditions and benthic grazing in the deep water channel had a less discernible effect on system-wide phytoplankton blooms although persistent water column stratification did increase bloom magnitude. The shallow water bivalves, believed to be preyed upon by birds and fish that migrate through the system in fall and winter, disappear each year prior to the spring phytoplankton bloom. Because growth of the phytoplankton depends so strongly on shallow water processes, any change in the shallow-water benthic filter-feeders or their predators has great potential to change the phytoplankton bloom dynamics in this system. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.006","issn":"09247","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S., and Lucas, L., 2008, Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A field study: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 74, no. 1-2, p. 153-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.006.","startPage":"153","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.006"},{"id":242059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e44e4b08c986b31882e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033195,"text":"70033195 - 2008 - Ichthyoplankton assemblages of coastal west-central Lake Erie and associated habitat characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033195","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ichthyoplankton assemblages of coastal west-central Lake Erie and associated habitat characteristics","docAbstract":"Early life stage survival often determines fish cohort strength and that survival is affected by habitat conditions. The structure and dynamics of ichthyoplankton assemblages can tell us much about biodiversity and fish population dynamics, but are poorly understood in nearshore areas of the Great Lakes, where most spawning and nursery habitats exist. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected with a neuston net in waters 2-13 m deep weekly or biweekly from mid-April through August, during 3 years (2000-2002) as part of a study of fish assemblages in west-central Lake Erie. A suite of abiotic variables was simultaneously measured to characterize habitat. Cluster and ordination analyses revealed several distinct ichthyoplankton assemblages that changed seasonally. A lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) dominated assemblage appeared first in April. In May, assemblages were dominated by several percid species. Summer assemblages were overwhelmingly dominated by emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), with large gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) components. This seasonal trend in species assemblages was also associated with increasing temperature and water clarity. Water depth and drift processes may also play a role in structuring these assemblages. The most common and widely distributed assemblages were not associated with substratum type, which we characterized as either hard or soft. The timing of hatch and larval growth separated the major groups in time and may have adaptive significance for the members of each major assemblage. The quality and locations (with reference to lake circulation) of spawning and nursery grounds may determine larval success and affect year class strength.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.755","issn":"03801","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., Hunter, R.D., Fabrizio, M., Savino, J., Todd, T.N., and Bur, M., 2008, Ichthyoplankton assemblages of coastal west-central Lake Erie and associated habitat characteristics: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 34, no. 4, p. 755-769, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.755.","startPage":"755","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.755"},{"id":240891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3803e4b0c8380cd6138a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":106065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, R. Douglas","contributorId":49183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fabrizio, M.C.","contributorId":53737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savino, J.F.","contributorId":69337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Todd, T. N.","contributorId":13931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bur, M.","contributorId":51989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033259,"text":"70033259 - 2008 - Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033259","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Although published studies indicate the contrary, there is concern among many sport anglers that migrating red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and other waterbirds pose a competitive threat to sport fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Erie. We quantified the diet of autumn-migrant mergansers and walleye during 1998-2000 in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie. We hypothesized that the diets of both predators would be similar in species composition, but because of different foraging ecologies their diets would differ markedly in size of prey consumed. In addition to predator samples, we used trawl data from the same general area as an index of prey availability. We found that mergansers fed almost exclusively on fish (nine species). Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Walleye fed exclusively on fish: gizzard shad, alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and emerald shiner were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Diet overlap between mergansers and walleye was 67% by weight and 66% by species frequency. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby found in walleye stomachs exceeded those captured in trawls by 47%, on average. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby were greater in walleye stomachs than in merganser stomachs. Mean total lengths of emerald shiner and round goby were less in merganser stomachs than in trawls. Our results suggest that although the diets of walleye and mergansers overlapped considerably, mergansers generally consumed smaller fish than walleye. Given the abundance and diversity of prey species available, and the transient nature of mergansers on Lake Erie during migration, we conclude that competition for food between these species is minimal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Bur, M., Stapanian, M., Bernhardt, G., and Turner, M., 2008, Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie: American Midland Naturalist, v. 159, no. 1, p. 147-161, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"147","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ee5e4b0c8380cd53693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bur, M.T.","contributorId":58215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, G.","contributorId":48837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, M.W.","contributorId":25424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032128,"text":"70032128 - 2008 - Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032128","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States","docAbstract":"Late Mississippian and earliest Pennsylvanian trilobite faunas of North America are dominated by the Paladin and Kaskia clades. Phylogenetic analysis of middle Carboniferous species of these clades demonstrates the close ancestral relationship between these groups. The Kaskia clade consists of eight species: K. chesterensis Weller, 1936, K. osagensis (Cisne, 1967), K. longispina (Strong, 1872), K. wilsoni (Walter, 1924), K. genevievensis (Walter, 1924), K. rosei (Cisne, 1967), K. gersnai n. sp., and K. rollinsi n. sp. Kaskia Weller, 1936 ranges from late Osagean to middle Chesterian (early Visean-early Serpukhovian) and is restricted to cyclothemic shelf and nearshore deposits. Species of Kaskia appear to have evolved in areas of shallow water and high environmental stress. The Paladin clade consists of 12 species including previously named species P. morrowensis (Mather, 1915), P. girtyianus Hahn and Hahn, 1970, P. rarus Whittington, 1954, P. helmsensis Whittington, 1954, and P. moorei (Branson, 1937). New species belonging to this clade are Paladin moorefieldensis n. sp., P. pleisiomorphus n. sp., P. imoensis n. sp., P. mangeri n. sp., and P. wapanukaensis n. sp. This group ranges from the early Chesterian to early Morrowan (late Viseanlate Bashkirian). Species of Paladin appear to be confined to outer shelf shelf-edge and off-shelf facies where presumably deeper water environments existed. This is manifested in their paleogeographic distribution, which is paleoenvironmentally controlled. Copyright ?? 2008, The Paleontological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/07-028.1","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D., 2008, Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 82, no. 3, p. 511-527, https://doi.org/10.1666/07-028.1.","startPage":"511","endPage":"527","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/07-028.1"},{"id":242572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a50e4b0c8380cd78e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, D. K.","contributorId":39010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032129,"text":"70032129 - 2008 - Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T11:19:10","indexId":"70032129","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States","docAbstract":"Increased salinity in spawning and nursery grounds in the Savannah River estuary was cited as the primary cause of a 97% decrease in adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a concomitant 96% decrease in striped bass egg production. Restoration efforts focused on environmental remediation and stock enhancement have resulted in restored salinity patterns and increased egg and adult abundances. However, future water needs or harbor development may preclude further recovery by reducing freshwater inflow or increasing salinity intrusion. To assess the effect of potential changes in the salinity regime, we developed models relating discharge, tidal phase, and salinity to striped bass egg and early larval survival and re-cast these in a quantitative Bayesian belief network. The model indicated that a small upstream shift (???1.67 km) in the salinity regime would have the least impact on striped bass early life history survival, whereas shifts >1.67 km would have progressively larger impacts, with a 8.33-km shift potentially reducing our estimated survival probability by >28%. Such an impact could have cumulative and long-term detrimental effects on the recovery of the Savannah River striped bass population. The available salinity data were collected during average and low flows, so our model represents some typical and some extreme conditions during a striped bass spawning season. Our model is a relatively simplistic, \"first-order\" attempt at evaluating potential effects of changes in the Savannah River estuarine salinity regime and points to areas of concern and potential future research. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Reinert, T., and Peterson, J., 2008, Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States: Environmental Management, v. 41, no. 5, p. 753-765, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x.","startPage":"753","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214853,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.2164306640625,\n              31.64519805333295\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2164306640625,\n              32.2801666335657\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66574096679688,\n              32.2801666335657\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66574096679688,\n              31.64519805333295\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2164306640625,\n              31.64519805333295\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c42e4b0c8380cd6fb4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinert, T.R.","contributorId":28043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033265,"text":"70033265 - 2008 - The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033265","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic","docAbstract":"The Bruun/Dean relation between water depth and distance from the shore with a constant profile shape factor is widely used to describe shoreface profiles in temperate environments. However, it has been shown that the sediment scale parameter (A) and the profile shape factor (m) are interrelated variables. An analysis of 63 Arctic erosional shoreface profiles shows that both coefficients are highly variable. Relative frequency of the average m value is only 16% by the class width 0.1. No other m value frequency exceeds 21%. Therefore, there is insufficient reason to use average m to characterize Arctic shoreface profile shape. The shape of each profile has a definite combination of A and m values. Coefficients A and m show a distinct inverse relationship, as in temperate climate. A dependence of m values on coastal sediment grain size is seen, and m decreases with increasing grain size. With constant m = 0.67, parameter A obtains a dimension unit m1/3. But A equals the water depth in meters 1 m from the water edge. This fact and the variability of parameter m testify that the Bruun/Dean equation is essentially an empirical formula. There is no need to give any measurement unit to parameter A. But the International System of Units (SI) has to be used in applying the Bruun/Dean equation for shoreface profiles. A comparison of the shape of Arctic shoreface profiles with those of temperate environments shows surprising similarity. Therefore, the conclusions reached in this Arctic paper seem to apply also to temperate environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/05-0572.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Are, F., and Reimnitz, E., 2008, The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 2 SUPPL. B, p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.2112/05-0572.1.","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/05-0572.1"},{"id":240925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2 SUPPL. B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba65be4b08c986b32109d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Are, F.","contributorId":46772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Are","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033271,"text":"70033271 - 2008 - Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:29:38","indexId":"70033271","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2247,"text":"Journal of Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases","docAbstract":"Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can induce endocrinopathies. The basis of altered endocrine function in prion diseases is not well understood, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship between energy homeostasis and prion infection in hamsters inoculated with either the 139H strain of scrapie agent, which induces preclinical weight gain, or the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), which induces clinical weight loss. Temporal changes in body weight, feed, and water intake were measured as well as both non-fasted and fasted concentrations of serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, ??-ketones, and leptin. In 139H scrapie-infected hamsters, polydipsia, hyperphagia, non-fasted hyperinsulinemia with hyperglycemia, and fasted hyperleptinemia were found at preclinical stages and are consistent with an anabolic syndrome that has similarities to type II diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome X. In HY TME-infected hamsters, hypodipsia, hypersecretion of glucagon (in both non-fasted and fasted states), increased fasted ??-ketones, fasted hypoglycemia, and suppressed non-fasted leptin concentrations were found while feed intake was normal. These findings suggest a severe catabolic syndrome in HY TME infection mediated by chronic increases in glucagon secretion. In both models, alterations of pancreatic endocrine function were not associated with PrPSc deposition in the pancreas. The results indicate that prominent endocrinopathy underlies alterations in body weight, pancreatic endocrine function, and intake of food. The prion-induced alterations of energy homeostasis in 139H scrapie- or HY TME-infected hamsters could occur within areas of the hypothalamus that control food satiety and/or within autonomic centers that provide neural outflow to the pancreas. ?? 2008 Society for Endocrinology.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Endocrinology","doi":"10.1677/JOE-07-0516","issn":"00220795","usgsCitation":"Bailey, J.D., Berardinelli, J., Rocke, T., and Bessen, R.A., 2008, Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases: Journal of Endocrinology, v. 197, no. 2, p. 251-263, https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0516.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476639,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0516","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0516"}],"volume":"197","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f05e4b0c8380cd7f52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, J. D.","contributorId":66882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berardinelli, J.G.","contributorId":89727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berardinelli","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bessen, R. A.","contributorId":91611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bessen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}