{"pageNumber":"915","pageRowStart":"22850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40798,"records":[{"id":70032944,"text":"70032944 - 2008 - The need for integration of drought monitoring tools for proactive food security management in sub-Saharan Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:05:06","indexId":"70032944","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2829,"text":"Natural Resources Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The need for integration of drought monitoring tools for proactive food security management in sub-Saharan Africa","docAbstract":"Reducing the impact of drought and famine remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa despite ongoing drought relief assistance in recent decades. This is because drought and famine are primarily addressed through a crisis management approach when a disaster occurs, rather than stressing preparedness and risk management. Moreover, drought planning and food security efforts have been hampered by a lack of integrated drought monitoring tools, inadequate early warning systems (EWS), and insufficient information flow within and between levels of government in many sub-Saharan countries. The integration of existing drought monitoring tools for sub-Saharan Africa is essential for improving food security systems to reduce the impacts of drought and famine on society in this region. A proactive approach emphasizing integration requires the collective use of multiple tools, which can be used to detect trends in food availability and provide early indicators at local, national, and regional scales on the likely occurrence of food crises. In addition, improving the ability to monitor and disseminate critical drought-related information using available modern technologies (e.g., satellites, computers, and modern communication techniques) may help trigger timely and appropriate preventive responses and, ultimately, contribute to food security and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. ?? 2008 United Nations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00211.x","issn":"01650","usgsCitation":"Tadesse, T., Haile, M., Senay, G., Wardlow, B., and Knutson, C., 2008, The need for integration of drought monitoring tools for proactive food security management in sub-Saharan Africa: Natural Resources Forum, v. 32, no. 4, p. 265-279, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00211.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213546,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00211.x"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae0de4b08c986b323edb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadesse, T.","contributorId":57661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tadesse","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haile, M.","contributorId":98550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haile","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senay, G. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":78929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wardlow, B.D.","contributorId":51547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knutson, C.L.","contributorId":101464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032949,"text":"70032949 - 2008 - Characterization of calcium isotopes in natural and synthetic barite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70032949","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of calcium isotopes in natural and synthetic barite","docAbstract":"The mineral barite (BaSO4) accommodates calcium in its crystal lattice, providing an archive of Ca-isotopes in the highly stable sulfate mineral. Holocene marine (pelagic) barite samples from the major ocean basins are isotopically indistinguishable from each other (??44/40Ca = -2.01 ?? 0.15???) but are different from hydrothermal and cold seep barite samples (??44/40Ca = -4.13 to -2.72???). Laboratory precipitated (synthetic) barite samples are more depleted in the heavy Ca-isotopes than pelagic marine barite and span a range of Ca-isotope compositions, ??44/40Ca = -3.42 to -2.40???. Temperature, saturation state, a Ba2 + / a SO42 -, and aCa2+/aBa2+ each influence the fractionation of Ca-isotopes in synthetic barite; however, the fractionation in marine barite samples is not strongly related to any measured environmental parameter. First-principles lattice dynamical modeling predicts that at equilibrium Ca-substituted barite will have much lower 44Ca/40Ca than calcite, by -9??? at 0 ??C and -8??? at 25 ??C. Based on this model, none of the measured barite samples appear to be in isotopic equilibrium with their parent solutions, although as predicted they do record lower ??44/40Ca values than seawater and calcite. Kinetic fractionation processes therefore most likely control the extent of isotopic fractionation exhibited in barite. Potential fractionation mechanisms include factors influencing Ca2+ substitution for Ba2+ in barite (e.g. ionic strength and trace element concentration of the solution, competing complexation reactions, precipitation or growth rate, temperature, pressure, and saturation state) as well as nucleation and crystal growth rates. These factors should be considered when investigating controls on isotopic fractionation of Ca2+ and other elements in inorganic and biogenic minerals. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.08.010","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Griffith, E., Schauble, E., Bullen, T., and Paytan, A., 2008, Characterization of calcium isotopes in natural and synthetic barite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 23, p. 5641-5658, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.08.010.","startPage":"5641","endPage":"5658","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213115,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.08.010"},{"id":240707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c3e4b0c8380cd4bed5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffith, E.M.","contributorId":88958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schauble, E.A.","contributorId":74205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schauble","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032961,"text":"70032961 - 2008 - Methane hydrate formation in turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia, IODP Expedition 311","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70032961","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane hydrate formation in turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia, IODP Expedition 311","docAbstract":"Expedition 311 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) to northern Cascadia recovered gas-hydrate bearing sediments along a SW-NE transect from the first ridge of the accretionary margin to the eastward limit of gas-hydrate stability. In this study we contrast the gas gas-hydrate distribution from two sites drilled ~ 8??km apart in different tectonic settings. At Site U1325, drilled on a depositional basin with nearly horizontal sedimentary sequences, the gas-hydrate distribution shows a trend of increasing saturation toward the base of gas-hydrate stability, consistent with several model simulations in the literature. Site U1326 was drilled on an uplifted ridge characterized by faulting, which has likely experienced some mass wasting events. Here the gas hydrate does not show a clear depth-distribution trend, the highest gas-hydrate saturation occurs well within the gas-hydrate stability zone at the shallow depth of ~ 49??mbsf. Sediments at both sites are characterized by abundant coarse-grained (sand) layers up to 23??cm in thickness, and are interspaced within fine-grained (clay and silty clay) detrital sediments. The gas-hydrate distribution is punctuated by localized depth intervals of high gas-hydrate saturation, which preferentially occur in the coarse-grained horizons and occupy up to 60% of the pore space at Site U1325 and > 80% at Site U1326. Detailed analyses of contiguous samples of different lithologies show that when enough methane is present, about 90% of the variance in gas-hydrate saturation can be explained by the sand (> 63????m) content of the sediments. The variability in gas-hydrate occupancy of sandy horizons at Site U1326 reflects an insufficient methane supply to the sediment section between 190 and 245??mbsf. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.061","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Torres, M., Trehu, A., Cespedes, N., Kastner, M., Wortmann, U., Kim, J., Long, P., Malinverno, A., Pohlman, J., Riedel, M., and Collett, T., 2008, Methane hydrate formation in turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia, IODP Expedition 311: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 271, no. 1-4, p. 170-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.061.","startPage":"170","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213296,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.061"},{"id":240908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5529e4b0c8380cd6d14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cespedes, N.","contributorId":53171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cespedes","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kastner, M.","contributorId":21276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wortmann, U.G.","contributorId":25001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortmann","given":"U.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kim, J.-H.","contributorId":26395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Long, P.","contributorId":8628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malinverno, A.","contributorId":70919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malinverno","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pohlman, J. W. 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":38362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Collett, T. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":62780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70032969,"text":"70032969 - 2008 - Model predictions of realgar precipitation by reaction of As(III) with synthetic mackinawite under anoxic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T10:57:25","indexId":"70032969","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model predictions of realgar precipitation by reaction of As(III) with synthetic mackinawite under anoxic conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study investigates the removal of As(III) from solution using mackinawite, a nanoparticulate reduced iron sulfide. Mackinawite suspensions (0.1−40 g/L) effectively lower initial concentrations of 1.3×10</span><sup>−5</sup><span>&nbsp;M As(III) from pH 5−10, with maximum removal occurring under acidic conditions. Based on E</span><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;measurements, it was found that the redox state of the system depended on the mackinawite solids concentration and pH. Higher initial mackinawite concentrations and alkaline pH resulted in a more reducing redox condition. Given this, the pH edge data were modeled thermodynamically using pe (−log[e</span><sup>−</sup><span>]) as a fitting parameter and linear pe−pH relationships within the range of measured E</span><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;values as a function of pH and mackinawite concentration. The model predicts removal of As(III) from solution by precipitation of realgar with the formation of secondary oxidation products, greigite or a mixed-valence iron oxide phase, depending on pH. This study demonstrates that mackinawite is an effective sequestration agent for As(III) and highlights the importance of incorporating redox into models describing the As−Fe−S−H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es801669g","issn":"00139","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T., Han, Y., and Hayes, K., 2008, Model predictions of realgar precipitation by reaction of As(III) with synthetic mackinawite under anoxic conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 24, p. 9338-9343, https://doi.org/10.1021/es801669g.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9338","endPage":"9343","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bb1e4b0c8380cd6f739","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallegos, T.J. 0000-0003-3350-6473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":11834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Han, Y.-S.","contributorId":64898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, K.F.","contributorId":103089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032994,"text":"70032994 - 2008 - Great Basin paleontological database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70032994","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great Basin paleontological database","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has constructed a paleontological database for the Great Basin physiographic province that can be served over the World Wide Web for data entry, queries, displays, and retrievals. It is similar to the web-database solution that we constructed for Alaskan paleontological data (www.alaskafossil.org). The first phase of this effort was to compile a paleontological bibliography for Nevada and portions of adjacent states in the Great Basin that has recently been completed. In addition, we are also compiling paleontological reports (Known as E&R reports) of the U.S. Geological Survey, which are another extensive source of l,egacy data for this region. Initial population of the database benefited from a recently published conodont data set and is otherwise focused on Devonian and Mississippian localities because strata of this age host important sedimentary exhalative (sedex) Au, Zn, and barite resources and enormons Carlin-type An deposits. In addition, these strata are the most important petroleum source rocks in the region, and record the transition from extension to contraction associated with the Antler orogeny, the Alamo meteorite impact, and biotic crises associated with global oceanic anoxic events. The finished product will provide an invaluable tool for future geologic mapping, paleontological research, and mineral resource investigations in the Great Basin, making paleontological data acquired over nearly the past 150 yr readily available over the World Wide Web. A description of the structure of the database and the web interface developed for this effort are provided herein. This database is being used ws a model for a National Paleontological Database (which we am currently developing for the U.S. Geological Survey) as well as for other paleontological databases now being developed in other parts of the globe. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00162.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, N., Blodgett, R.B., and Hofstra, A., 2008, Great Basin paleontological database: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 3, p. 520-535, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00162.1.","startPage":"520","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487771,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00162.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00162.1"},{"id":240880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a52e4b0c8380cd5b0a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, N.","contributorId":26520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033002,"text":"70033002 - 2008 - 4D volcano gravimetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T11:13:45","indexId":"70033002","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"4D volcano gravimetry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time-dependent gravimetric measurements can detect subsurface processes long before magma flow leads to earthquakes or other eruption precursors. The ability of gravity measurements to detect subsurface mass flow is greatly enhanced if gravity measurements are analyzed and modeled with ground-deformation data. Obtaining the maximum information from microgravity studies requires careful evaluation of the layout of network benchmarks, the gravity environmental signal, and the coupling between gravity changes and crustal deformation. When changes in the system under study are fast (hours to weeks), as in hydrothermal systems and restless volcanoes, continuous gravity observations at selected sites can help to capture many details of the dynamics of the intrusive sources. Despite the instrumental effects, mainly caused by atmospheric temperature, results from monitoring at Mt. Etna volcano show that continuous measurements are a powerful tool for monitoring and studying volcanoes. Several analytical and numerical mathematical models can be used to fit gravity and deformation data. Analytical models offer a closed-form description of the volcanic source. In principle, this allows one to readily infer the relative importance of the source parameters. In active volcanic sites such as Long Valley caldera (California, U.S.A.) and Campi Flegrei (Italy), careful use of analytical models and high-quality data sets has produced good results. However, the simplifications that make analytical models tractable might result in misleading volcanological interpretations, particularly when the real crust surrounding the source is far from the homogeneous/isotropic assumption. Using numerical models allows consideration of more realistic descriptions of the sources and of the crust where they are located (e.g., vertical and lateral mechanical discontinuities, complex source geometries, and topography). Applications at Teide volcano (Tenerife) and Campi Flegrei demonstrate the importance of this more realistic description in gravity calculations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2977792","issn":"00168","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., Gottsmann, J., Carbone, D., and Fernandez, J., 2008, 4D volcano gravimetry: Geophysics, v. 73, no. 6, p. WA3-WA18, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"WA3","endPage":"WA18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476650,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/24116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e26ae4b0c8380cd45b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottsmann, J.","contributorId":42043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottsmann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbone, D.","contributorId":92060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, J.","contributorId":46229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033032,"text":"70033032 - 2008 - Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T09:20:26","indexId":"70033032","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Manipulations of the vegetation and hydrology of wetlands for mosquito control are common worldwide, but these modifications may affect vital ecosystem processes. To control mosquitoes in mangrove swamps in eastern Florida, managers have used rotational impoundment management (RIM) as an alternative to the worldwide practice of mosquito ditching. Levees surround RIM swamps, and water is pumped into the impoundment during the summer, a season when natural swamps have low water levels. In the New World, these mosquito-managed swamps resemble the mixed basin type of mangrove swamp (based on PCA analysis). An assessment was made of RIM, natural (control), and breached-RIM (restored) swamps in eastern Florida to compare their structural complexities, soil development, and resistance to invasion. Regarding structural complexity, dominant species composition differed between these swamps; the red mangrove&nbsp;</span><i>Rhizophora mangle</i><span>&nbsp;occurred at a higher relative density in RIM and breached-RIM swamps, and the black mangrove&nbsp;</span><i>Avicennia germinans</i><span>&nbsp;had a higher relative density in natural swamps. Tree density and canopy cover were higher and tree height lower in RIM swamps than in natural and breached-RIM swamps. Soil organic matter in RIM swamps was twice that in natural or breached-RIM swamps. RIM swamps had a lower resistance to invasion by the Brazilian pepper tree&nbsp;</span><i>Schinus terebinthifolius</i><span>, which is likely attributable to the lower porewater salinity in RIM swamps. These characteristics may reflect differences in important ecosystem processes (primary production, trophic structure, nutrient cycling, decomposition). Comparative assessments of managed wetlands are vital for land managers, so that they can make informed decisions compatible with conservation objectives.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07683","issn":"01718","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., Devlin, D., Proffitt, E., McKee, K., and Cretini, K., 2008, Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 371, p. 117-129, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07683.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07683","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49be4b0c8380cd4bdfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devlin, D.","contributorId":22156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devlin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Proffitt, E.","contributorId":36758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Karen 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":69273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cretini, K.F. 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":55922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033068,"text":"70033068 - 2008 - Soil magnetic susceptibility: A quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033068","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil magnetic susceptibility: A quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration","docAbstract":"Flooded, saturated, or poorly drained soils are commonly anaerobic, leading to microbially induced magnetite/maghemite dissolution and decreased soil magnetic susceptibility (MS). Thus, MS is considerably higher in well-drained soils (MS typically 40-80 ?? 10-5 standard international [SI]) compared to poorly drained soils (MS typically 10-25 ?? 10-5 SI) in Illinois, other soil-forming factors being equal. Following calibration to standard soil probings, MS values can be used to rapidly and precisely delineate hydric from nonhydric soils in areas with relatively uniform parent material. Furthermore, soil MS has a moderate to strong association with individual tree species' distribution across soil moisture regimes, correlating inversely with independently reported rankings of a tree species' flood tolerance. Soil MS mapping can thus provide a simple, rapid, and quantitative means for precisely guiding reforestation with respect to plant species' adaptations to soil drainage classes. For instance, in native woodlands of east-central Illinois, Quercus alba , Prunus serotina, and Liriodendron tulipifera predominantly occur in moderately well-drained soils (MS 40-60 ?? 10-5 SI), whereas Acer saccharinum, Carya laciniosa, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica predominantly occur in poorly drained soils (MS <20 ?? 10-5 SI). Using a similar method, an MS contour map was used to guide restoration of mesic, wet mesic, and wet prairie species to pre-settlement distributions at Meadowbrook Park (Urbana, IL, U.S.A.). Through use of soil MS maps calibrated to soil drainage class and native vegetation occurrence, restoration efforts can be conducted more successfully and species distributions more accurately reconstructed at the microecosystem level. ?? 2008 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00479.x","issn":"10612","usgsCitation":"Grimley, D., Wang, J., Liebert, D., and Dawson, J., 2008, Soil magnetic susceptibility: A quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 657-667, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00479.x.","startPage":"657","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213457,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00479.x"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9207e4b08c986b319c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimley, D.A.","contributorId":18530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, J.-S.","contributorId":67297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liebert, D.A.","contributorId":11010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebert","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, J.O.","contributorId":77367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033071,"text":"70033071 - 2008 - Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033071","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars","docAbstract":"Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near-infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate is closely associated with both phyllosilicate-bearing and olivine-rich rock units and probably formed during the Noachian or early Hesperian era from the alteration of olivine by either hydrothermal fluids or near-surface water. The presence of carbonate as well as accompanying clays suggests that waters were neutral to alkaline at the time of its formation and that acidic weathering, proposed to be characteristic of Hesperian Mars, did not destroy these carbonates and thus did not dominate all aqueous environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1164759","issn":"00368","usgsCitation":"Ehlmann, B., Mustard, J., Murchie, S., Poulet, F., Bishop, J., Brown, A., Calvin, W.M., Clark, R.N., Des Marais, D., Milliken, R., Roach, L., Roush, T.L., Swayze, G., and Wray, J., 2008, Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars: Science, v. 322, no. 5909, p. 1828-1832, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164759.","startPage":"1828","endPage":"1832","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476679,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121016-112524059","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213490,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164759"},{"id":241117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"5909","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f2fe4b0c8380cd759a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mustard, J.F.","contributorId":91605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulet, F.","contributorId":61551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, A.J.","contributorId":54803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Des Marais, D.J.","contributorId":84075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Des Marais","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Milliken, R.E.","contributorId":98022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roach, L.H.","contributorId":80906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70033097,"text":"70033097 - 2008 - Change-in-ratio density estimator for feral pigs is less biased than closed mark-recapture estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033097","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change-in-ratio density estimator for feral pigs is less biased than closed mark-recapture estimates","docAbstract":"Closed-population capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods can produce biased density estimates for species with low or heterogeneous detection probabilities. In an attempt to address such biases, we developed a density-estimation method based on the change in ratio (CIR) of survival between two populations where survival, calculated using an open-population CMR model, is known to differ. We used our method to estimate density for a feral pig (Sus scrofa) population on Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. To assess its validity, we compared it to an estimate of the minimum density of pigs known to be alive and two estimates based on closed-population CMR models. Comparison of the density estimates revealed that the CIR estimator produced a density estimate with low precision that was reasonable with respect to minimum known density. By contrast, density point estimates using the closed-population CMR models were less than the minimum known density, consistent with biases created by low and heterogeneous capture probabilities for species like feral pigs that may occur in low density or are difficult to capture. Our CIR density estimator may be useful for tracking broad-scale, long-term changes in species, such as large cats, for which closed CMR models are unlikely to work. ?? CSIRO 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WR08076","issn":"10353","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L., Grand, J., Mitchell, M., Jolley, D., Sparklin, B., and Ditchkoff, S., 2008, Change-in-ratio density estimator for feral pigs is less biased than closed mark-recapture estimates: Wildlife Research, v. 35, no. 7, p. 695-699, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR08076.","startPage":"695","endPage":"699","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR08076"},{"id":240979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f403e4b0c8380cd4bab6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, L.B.","contributorId":36759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolley, D.B.","contributorId":60862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolley","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparklin, B.D.","contributorId":30047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparklin","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ditchkoff, S.S.","contributorId":100580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ditchkoff","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033098,"text":"70033098 - 2008 - Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:55:05","indexId":"70033098","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","docAbstract":"Conventional solute transport models do not adequately account for the effects of phreatophytic plant systems on contaminant concentrations in shallow groundwater systems. A numerical model was developed and tested to simulate threedimensional reactive solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium. Advective-dispersive transport is coupled to biodegradation, sorption, and plantbased attenuation processes including plant uptake and sorption by plant roots. The latter effects are a function of the physical-chemical properties of the individual solutes and plant species. Models for plant uptake were tested and evaluated using the experimental data collected at a field site comprised of hybrid poplar trees. A non-linear equilibrium isotherm model best represented site conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Water Pollution, Water Pollution 2008","conferenceDate":"June 9-11,2008","conferenceLocation":"Alicante, Spain","language":"English","doi":"10.2495/WP080361","issn":"17433","isbn":"9781845641153","usgsCitation":"Widdowson, M., El-Sayed, A., and Landmeyer, J., 2008, Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes, <i>in</i> WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, v. 111, Alicante, Spain, June 9-11,2008, p. 371-379, https://doi.org/10.2495/WP080361.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476696,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wp080361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2495/WP080361"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f1e4b0c8380cd73a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"El-Sayed, A.","contributorId":93709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Sayed","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033100,"text":"70033100 - 2008 - Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:36:03","indexId":"70033100","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Past applications of one-dimensional advection, dispersion, and transient storage zone models have almost exclusively relied on a central differencing, Eulerian numerical approximation to the nonconservative form of the fundamental equation. However, there are scenarios where this approach generates unacceptable error. A new numerical scheme for this type of modeling is presented here that is based on tracking Lagrangian control volumes across a fixed (Eulerian) grid. Numerical tests are used to provide a direct comparison of the new scheme versus nonconservative Eulerian numerical methods, in terms of both accuracy and mass conservation. Key characteristics of systems for which the Lagrangian scheme performs better than the Eulerian scheme include: nonuniform flow fields, steep gradient plume fronts, and pulse and steady point source loadings in advection-dominated systems. A new analytical derivation is presented that provides insight into the loss of mass conservation in the nonconservative Eulerian scheme. This derivation shows that loss of mass conservation in the vicinity of spatial flow changes is directly proportional to the lateral inflow rate and the change in stream concentration due to the inflow. While the nonconservative Eulerian scheme has clearly worked well for past published applications, it is important for users to be aware of the scheme’s limitations.</p></div><div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:12(996)","issn":"07339","usgsCitation":"Cox, T., and Runkel, R., 2008, Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 134, no. 12, p. 996-1005, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:12(996).","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"996","endPage":"1005","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:12"}],"volume":"134","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bcbe4b0c8380cd5289d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, T.J.","contributorId":98121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033109,"text":"70033109 - 2008 - A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T11:33:02","indexId":"70033109","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests","docAbstract":"Methods for evaluating the impact of fires within tropical forests are needed as fires become more frequent and human populations and demands on forests increase. Short- and long-term fire effects on soils are determined by the prefire, fire, and postfire environments. We placed these components within a fire-disturbance continuum to guide our literature synthesis and develop an integrated soil burn severity index. The soil burn severity index provides a set of indicators that reflect the range of conditions present after a fire. The index consists of seven levels, an unburned level and six other levels that describe a range of postfire soil conditions. We view this index as a tool for understanding the effects of fires on the forest floor, with the realization that as new information is gained, the index may be modified as warranted. ?? Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2008.","largerWorkTitle":"Ambio","language":"English","issn":"00447","usgsCitation":"Jain, T., Gould, W., Graham, R., Pilliod, D., Lentile, L., and Gonzalez, G., 2008, A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests, <i>in</i> Ambio, v. 37, no. 7-8, p. 563-568.","startPage":"563","endPage":"568","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e59be4b0c8380cd46e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jain, T.B.","contributorId":38368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jain","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, W.A.","contributorId":42433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, R.T.","contributorId":88159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pilliod, D. S.","contributorId":45259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilliod","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lentile, L.B.","contributorId":18582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentile","given":"L.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzalez, G.","contributorId":47174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033118,"text":"70033118 - 2008 - Paleocurrent and fabric analyses of the imbricated fluvial gravel deposits in Huangshui Valley, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033118","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleocurrent and fabric analyses of the imbricated fluvial gravel deposits in Huangshui Valley, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China","docAbstract":"Gravel deposits on fluvial terraces contain a wealth of information about the paleofluvial system. In this study, flow direction and provenance were determined by systematic counts of more than 2000 clasts of imbricated gravel deposits in the Xining Region, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. These gravel deposits range in age from the modern Huangshui riverbed to Miocene-aged deposits overlain by eolian sediments. Our major objectives were not only to collect first-hand field data on the fluvial gravel sediments of the Xining Region, but also to the reconstruct the evolution of the fluvial system. These data may offer valuable information about uplift of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the late Cenozoic era. Reconstructed flow directions of the higher and lower gravel deposits imply that the river underwent a flow reversal of approximately 130-180??. In addition, the lithological compositions in the higher gravel deposits differ significantly from the lower terraces, suggesting that the source areas changed at the same time. Eolian stratigraphy overlying the gravel deposits and paleomagnetic age determination indicate that this change occurred sometime between 1.55??Ma and 1.2??Ma. We suggest that tectonic activity could explain the dramatic changes in flow direction and lithological composition during this time period. Therefore, this study provides a new scenario of fluvial response to tectonic uplift: a reversal of flow direction. In addition, field observation and statistical analyses reveal a strong relationship between rock type, size and roundness of clasts. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.005","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Miao, X., Lu, H., Li, Z., and Cao, G., 2008, Paleocurrent and fabric analyses of the imbricated fluvial gravel deposits in Huangshui Valley, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China: Geomorphology, v. 99, no. 1-4, p. 433-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.005.","startPage":"433","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213124,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.005"},{"id":240717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73d0e4b0c8380cd7726b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miao, X.","contributorId":60753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, H.","contributorId":49936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cao, G.","contributorId":22970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033119,"text":"70033119 - 2008 - Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033119","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter","docAbstract":"In this work the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is applied to investigate the flow and transport processes at the macro-dispersion experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, MS. The EnKF is a sequential data assimilation approach that adjusts the unknown model parameter values based on the observed data with time. The classic advection-dispersion (AD) and the dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) models are employed to analyze the tritium plume during the second MADE tracer experiment. The hydraulic conductivity (K), longitudinal dispersivity in the AD model, and mass transfer rate coefficient and mobile porosity ratio in the DDMT model, are estimated in this investigation. Because of its sequential feature, the EnKF allows for the temporal scaling of transport parameters during the tritium concentration analysis. Inverse simulation results indicate that for the AD model to reproduce the extensive spatial spreading of the tritium observed in the field, the K in the downgradient area needs to be increased significantly. The estimated K in the AD model becomes an order of magnitude higher than the in situ flowmeter measurements over a large portion of media. On the other hand, the DDMT model gives an estimation of K that is much more comparable with the flowmeter values. In addition, the simulated concentrations by the DDMT model show a better agreement with the observed values. The root mean square (RMS) between the observed and simulated tritium plumes is 0.77 for the AD model and 0.45 for the DDMT model at 328 days. Unlike the AD model, which gives inconsistent K estimates at different times, the DDMT model is able to invert the K values that consistently reproduce the observed tritium concentrations through all times. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Chen, Y., and Zhang, D., 2008, Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter: Advances in Water Resources, v. 31, no. 7, p. 975-986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006.","startPage":"975","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006"},{"id":240718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e89e4b0c8380cd63e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033134,"text":"70033134 - 2008 - Earthquake recurrence on the south Hayward fault is most consistent with a time dependent, renewal process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033134","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake recurrence on the south Hayward fault is most consistent with a time dependent, renewal process","docAbstract":"Elastic rebound and stress renewal are important components of earthquake forecasting because if large earthquakes can be shown to be periodic, then rupture probability is time dependent. While renewal models are used in formal forecasts, it has not been possible to exclude the alternate view that repeated large earthquakes can happen in rapid succession without requiring time for stress regeneration. Here a consistency test between time dependent and time independent recurrence distributions is made using a Monte Carlo method to replicate the paleoseismic series on the south Hayward fault. Time dependent distributions with recurrence interval of 210 years and coefficient of variation of 0.6 reproduce the event series on the south Hayward 5 times more often than any exponential distribution: a highly significant difference as determined using a two-tailed Z-test for relative proportions. Therefore large Hayward fault earthquakes are quasi-periodic and are most consistent with a stress renewal process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL035887","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2008, Earthquake recurrence on the south Hayward fault is most consistent with a time dependent, renewal process: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035887.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035887"},{"id":240952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0500e4b0c8380cd50bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033139,"text":"70033139 - 2008 - Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033139","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study","docAbstract":"In recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of nanomaterials may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of nanomaterials exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due to poor description of the nanomaterial or incomplete characterization, including failure to recognise impurities, surface modifications or other important physicochemical aspects of the nanomaterial. Here we make a case for the importance of good quality, well-characterized nanomaterials for future toxicological studies, combined with reliable synthesis protocols, and we present our efforts to generate such materials. The model system for which we present results is TiO2 nanoparticles, currently used in a variety of commercial products. ?? 2008 The Mineralogical Society.","largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","language":"English","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"Valsami-Jones, E., Berhanu, D., Dybowska, A., Misra, S., Boccaccini, A., Tetley, T., Luoma, S., and Plant, J., 2008, Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study, <i>in</i> Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 515-519, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515.","startPage":"515","endPage":"519","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515"},{"id":241014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6182e4b0c8380cd719dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dybowska, A.","contributorId":47171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Misra, S.","contributorId":107940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boccaccini, A.R.","contributorId":59637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boccaccini","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tetley, T.D.","contributorId":52796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetley","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plant, J.A.","contributorId":84137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033140,"text":"70033140 - 2008 - Quasi-periodic bedding in the sedimentary rock record of mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T11:55:14","indexId":"70033140","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quasi-periodic bedding in the sedimentary rock record of mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Widespread sedimentary rocks on Mars preserve evidence of surface conditions different from the modern cold and dry environment, although it is unknown how long conditions favorable to deposition persisted. We used 1-meter stereo topographic maps to demonstrate the presence of rhythmic bedding at several outcrops in the Arabia Terra region. Repeating beds are ∼10 meters thick, and one site contains hundreds of meters of strata bundled into larger units at a ∼10:1 thickness ratio. This repetition likely points to cyclicity in environmental conditions, possibly as a result of astronomical forcing. If deposition were forced by orbital variation, the rocks may have been deposited over tens of millions of years.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1161870","issn":"00368","usgsCitation":"Lewis, K.W., Aharonson, O., Grotzinger, J., Kirk, R.L., McEwen, A.S., and Suer, T., 2008, Quasi-periodic bedding in the sedimentary rock record of mars: Science, v. 322, no. 5907, p. 1532-1535, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1161870.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1532","endPage":"1535","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LEWsci08","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"322","issue":"5907","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a927ae4b0c8380cd8089a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Kevin W.","contributorId":203787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aharonson, Oded","contributorId":59932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aharonson","given":"Oded","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grotzinger, John P.","contributorId":22247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Suer, Terry-Ann","contributorId":211090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suer","given":"Terry-Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033165,"text":"70033165 - 2008 - Integrating remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model for estimating forest ecosystem carbon dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T13:59:53","indexId":"70033165","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model for estimating forest ecosystem carbon dynamics","docAbstract":"Land cover change is one of the key driving forces for ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics. We present an approach for using sequential remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model to estimate contemporary and future ecosystem carbon trends. We applied the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modelling System (GEMS) for the Laurentian Plains and Hills ecoregion in the northeastern United States for the period of 1975-2025. The land cover changes, especially forest stand-replacing events, were detected on 30 randomly located 10-km by 10-km sample blocks, and were assimilated by GEMS for biogeochemical simulations. In GEMS, each unique combination of major controlling variables (including land cover change history) forms a geo-referenced simulation unit. For a forest simulation unit, a Monte Carlo process is used to determine forest type, forest age, forest biomass, and soil C, based on the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data and the U.S. General Soil Map (STATSGO) data. Ensemble simulations are performed for each simulation unit to incorporate input data uncertainty. Results show that on average forests of the Laurentian Plains and Hills ecoregion have been sequestrating 4.2 Tg C (1 teragram = 1012 gram) per year, including 1.9 Tg C removed from the ecosystem as the consequences of land cover change. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.019","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Liu, S., Loveland, T., and Tieszen, L., 2008, Integrating remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model for estimating forest ecosystem carbon dynamics: Ecological Modelling, v. 219, no. 3-4, p. 361-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.019"}],"volume":"219","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c80e4b0c8380cd62db7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033172,"text":"70033172 - 2008 - Erosion properties of cohesive sediments in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033172","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion properties of cohesive sediments in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Cohesive sediment deposits characterized by a high fraction of mud (silt plus clay) significantly affect the morphology and ecosystem of rivers. Potentially cohesive sediment samples were collected from deposits in the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons. The erosion velocities of these samples were measured in a laboratory flume under varying boundary shear stresses. The non-dimensional boundary shear stress at which erosion commenced showed a systematic deviation from that of non-cohesive sediments at mud fractions greater than 0.2. An empirical relation for the boundary shear stress threshold of erosion as a function of mud fraction was proposed. The mass erosion rate was modelled using the Ariathurai-Partheniades equation. The erosion rate parameter of this equation was found to be a strong function of mud fraction. Under similar boundary shear stress and sediment supply conditions in the Colorado River, cohesive lateral eddy deposits formed of mud fractions in excess of 0.2 will erode less rapidly than non-cohesive deposits. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1122","issn":"15351","usgsCitation":"Akahori, R., Schmeeckle, M., Topping, D., and Melis, T., 2008, Erosion properties of cohesive sediments in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: River Research and Applications, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1160-1174, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1122.","startPage":"1160","endPage":"1174","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1122"},{"id":241051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a3ee4b0c8380cd52277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Akahori, R.","contributorId":9073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akahori","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmeeckle, M.W.","contributorId":7461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033173,"text":"70033173 - 2008 - DNA vaccine protects ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) against North American spring viremia of carp virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033173","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3673,"text":"Vaccine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DNA vaccine protects ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) against North American spring viremia of carp virus","docAbstract":"The emergence of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in the United States constitutes a potentially serious alien pathogen threat to susceptible fish stocks in North America. A DNA vaccine with an SVCV glycoprotein (G) gene from a North American isolate was constructed. In order to test the vaccine a challenge model utilizing a specific pathogen-free domestic koi stock and a cold water stress treatment was also developed. We have conducted four trial studies demonstrating that the pSGnc DNA vaccine provided protection in vaccinated fish against challenge at low, moderate, and high virus doses of the homologous virus. The protection was significant (p < 0.05) as compared to fish receiving a mock vaccine construct containing a luciferase reporter gene and to non-vaccinated controls in fish ranging in age from 3 to 14 months. In all trials, the SVCV-G DNA immunized fish were challenged 28-days post-vaccination (546 degree-days) and experienced low mortalities varying from 10 to 50% with relative percent survivals ranging from 50 to 88%. The non-vaccinated controls and mock construct vaccinated fish encountered high cumulative percent mortalities ranging from 70 to 100%. This is the first report of a SVCV DNA vaccine being tested successfully in koi. These experiments prove that the SVCV DNA (pSGnc) vaccine can elicit specific reproducible protection and validates its potential use as a prophylactic vaccine in koi and other vulnerable North American fish stocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vaccine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.071","issn":"02644","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E., and Kurath, G., 2008, DNA vaccine protects ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) against North American spring viremia of carp virus: Vaccine, v. 26, no. 50, p. 6415-6421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.071.","startPage":"6415","endPage":"6421","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476672,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1259421","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213427,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.071"},{"id":241052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd4fe4b0c8380cd4e76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, E.J.","contributorId":7463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033174,"text":"70033174 - 2008 - Using sequential self-calibration method to identify conductivity distribution: Conditioning on tracer test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033174","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using sequential self-calibration method to identify conductivity distribution: Conditioning on tracer test data","docAbstract":"An iterative inverse method, the sequential self-calibration method, is developed for mapping spatial distribution of a hydraulic conductivity field by conditioning on nonreactive tracer breakthrough curves. A streamline-based, semi-analytical simulator is adopted to simulate solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer. The simulation is used as the forward modeling step. In this study, the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be a deterministic or random variable. Within the framework of the streamline-based simulator, the efficient semi-analytical method is used to calculate sensitivity coefficients of the solute concentration with respect to the hydraulic conductivity variation. The calculated sensitivities account for spatial correlations between the solute concentration and parameters. The performance of the inverse method is assessed by two synthetic tracer tests conducted in an aquifer with a distinct spatial pattern of heterogeneity. The study results indicate that the developed iterative inverse method is able to identify and reproduce the large-scale heterogeneity pattern of the aquifer given appropriate observation wells in these synthetic cases. ?? International Association for Mathematical Geology 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11004-008-9160-x","issn":"18748","usgsCitation":"Hu, B., and He, C., 2008, Using sequential self-calibration method to identify conductivity distribution: Conditioning on tracer test data: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 40, no. 8, p. 845-859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-008-9160-x.","startPage":"845","endPage":"859","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-008-9160-x"},{"id":241053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc09de4b08c986b32a21a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, B.X.","contributorId":17838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"B.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"He, C.","contributorId":76951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033176,"text":"70033176 - 2008 - An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033176","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","docAbstract":"In the arid Mojave Desert, the phenological response of vegetation is largely dependent upon the timing and amount of rainfall, and maps of annual plant cover at any one point in time can vary widely. Our study developed relative annual plant growth models as proxies for annual plant cover using metrics that captured phenological variability in Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) satellite images. We used landscape phenologies revealed in MODIS data together with ecological knowledge of annual plant seasonality to develop a suite of metrics to describe annual growth on a yearly basis. Each of these metrics was applied to temporally-composited MODIS-EVI images to develop a relative model of annual growth. Each model was evaluated by testing how well it predicted field estimates of annual cover collected during 2003 and 2005 at the Mojave National Preserve. The best performing metric was the spring difference metric, which compared the average of three spring MODIS-EVI composites of a given year to that of 2002, a year of record drought. The spring difference metric showed correlations with annual plant cover of R2 = 0.61 for 2005 and R 2 = 0.47 for 2003. Although the correlation is moderate, we consider it supportive given the characteristics of the field data, which were collected for a different study in a localized area and are not ideal for calibration to MODIS pixels. A proxy for annual growth potential was developed from the spring difference metric of 2005 for use as an environmental data layer in desert tortoise habitat modeling. The application of the spring difference metric to other imagery years presents potential for other applications such as fuels, invasive species, and dust-emission monitoring in the Mojave Desert.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sensors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3390/s8127792","issn":"14248","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., and Thomas, K., 2008, An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data: Sensors, v. 8, no. 12, p. 7792-7808, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8127792.","startPage":"7792","endPage":"7808","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476678,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8127792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s8127792"},{"id":241089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9ffe4b0c8380cd4859b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, C.S.A.","contributorId":89712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, K.A.","contributorId":100934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033177,"text":"70033177 - 2008 - Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033177","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California","docAbstract":"Serpentine soils derived from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and their metamorphic derivatives (serpentinites) are chemically prohibitive for vegetative growth. Evaluating how serpentine vegetation is able to persist under these chemical conditions is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous factors (climate, relief, time, water availability, etc.) controlling and affecting plant growth. Here, the uptake, incorporation, and distribution of a wide variety of elements into the biomass of serpentine vegetation has been investigated relative to vegetation growing on an adjacent chert-derived soil. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, total N, soil extractable elements, total soil elemental compositions and plant digestions in conjunction with spider diagrams are utilized to determine the chemical relationships of these soil and plant systems. Plant available Mg and Ca in serpentine soils exceed values assessed in chert soils. Magnesium is nearly 3 times more abundant than Ca in the serpentine soils; however, the serpentine soils are not Ca deficient with Ca concentrations as high as 2235 mg kg-1. Calcium to Mg ratios (Ca:Mg) in both serpentine and chert vegetation are greater than one in both below and above ground tissues. Soil and plant chemistry analyses support that Ca is not a limiting factor for plant growth and that serpentine vegetation is actively moderating Mg uptake as well as tolerating elevated concentrations of bioavailable Mg. Additionally, results demonstrate that serpentine vegetation suppresses the uptake of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and Co into its biomass. The suppressed uptake of these metals mainly occurs in the plants' roots as evident by the comparatively lower metal concentrations present in above ground tissues (twigs, leaves and shoots). This research supports earlier studies that have suggested that ion uptake discrimination and ion suppression in the roots are major mechanisms for serpentine vegetation to tolerate the chemistry of serpentine soils. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.014","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Oze, C., Skinner, C., Schroth, A., and Coleman, R.G., 2008, Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 12, p. 3391-3403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.014.","startPage":"3391","endPage":"3403","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.014"},{"id":241124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ddde4b0c8380cd5c0c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oze, C.","contributorId":45524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oze","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, C.","contributorId":60448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroth, A.W.","contributorId":79707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, R. G.","contributorId":75170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033179,"text":"70033179 - 2008 - Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:29:12","indexId":"70033179","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea","docAbstract":"Sediment dispersal in the Adriatic Sea was evaluated using coupled three-dimensional circulation and sediment transport models, representing conditions from autumn 2002 through spring 2003. The calculations accounted for fluvial sources, resuspension by waves and currents, and suspended transport. Sediment fluxes peaked during southwestward Bora wind conditions that produced energetic waves and strengthened the Western Adriatic Coastal Current. Transport along the western Adriatic continental shelf was nearly always to the south, except during brief periods when northward Sirocco winds reduced the coastal current. Much of the modeled fluvial sediment deposition was near river mouths, such as the Po subaqueous delta. Nearly all Po sediment remained in the northern Adriatic. Material from rivers that drain the Apennine Mountains traveled farther before deposition than Po sediment, because it was modeled with a lower settling velocity. Fluvial sediment delivered to areas with high average bed shear stress was more highly dispersed than material delivered to more quiescent areas. Modeled depositional patterns were similar to observed patterns that have developed over longer timescales. Specifically, modeled Po sediment accumulation was thickest near the river mouth with a very thin deposit extending to the northeast, consistent with patterns of modern sediment texture in the northern Adriatic. Sediment resuspended from the bed and delivered by Apennine Rivers was preferentially deposited on the northern side of the Gargano Peninsula, in the location of thick Holocene accumulation. Deposition here was highest during Bora winds when convergences in current velocities and off-shelf flux enhanced delivery of material to the midshelf. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006JC003868","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Harris, C.K., Sherwood, C.R., Signell, R.P., Bever, A., and Warner, J., 2008, Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 113, no. 11, C11S03; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003868.","productDescription":"C11S03; 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003868","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Adriatic Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              18.47900390625,\n              39.85915479295669\n            ],\n            [\n              19.40185546875,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              19.44580078125,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              19.62158203125,\n              41.82045509614034\n            ],\n            [\n              18.17138671875,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              16.89697265625,\n              43.1811470593997\n            ],\n            [\n              15.1171875,\n              43.78695837311561\n            ],\n            [\n              14.52392578125,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              13.7548828125,\n              45.058001435398296\n            ],\n            [\n              13.5791015625,\n              45.47554027158593\n            ],\n            [\n              13.2275390625,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              12.32666015625,\n              45.537136680398596\n            ],\n            [\n              12.0849609375,\n              45.259422036351694\n            ],\n            [\n              12.568359375,\n              44.94924926661151\n            ],\n            [\n              12.28271484375,\n              44.574817404670306\n            ],\n            [\n              12.37060546875,\n              44.15068115978094\n            ],\n            [\n              13.5791015625,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ],\n            [\n              14.150390625,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              15.18310546875,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              16.2158203125,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              16.2158203125,\n              41.72213058512578\n            ],\n            [\n              15.908203125,\n              41.49212083968776\n            ],\n            [\n              17.55615234375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              18.30322265625,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              18.47900390625,\n              39.85915479295669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8984e4b08c986b316e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, C. 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P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bever, A.J.","contributorId":48766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bever","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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