{"pageNumber":"915","pageRowStart":"22850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70033271,"text":"70033271 - 2008 - Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:29:38","indexId":"70033271","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2247,"text":"Journal of Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases","docAbstract":"Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can induce endocrinopathies. The basis of altered endocrine function in prion diseases is not well understood, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship between energy homeostasis and prion infection in hamsters inoculated with either the 139H strain of scrapie agent, which induces preclinical weight gain, or the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), which induces clinical weight loss. Temporal changes in body weight, feed, and water intake were measured as well as both non-fasted and fasted concentrations of serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, ??-ketones, and leptin. In 139H scrapie-infected hamsters, polydipsia, hyperphagia, non-fasted hyperinsulinemia with hyperglycemia, and fasted hyperleptinemia were found at preclinical stages and are consistent with an anabolic syndrome that has similarities to type II diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome X. In HY TME-infected hamsters, hypodipsia, hypersecretion of glucagon (in both non-fasted and fasted states), increased fasted ??-ketones, fasted hypoglycemia, and suppressed non-fasted leptin concentrations were found while feed intake was normal. These findings suggest a severe catabolic syndrome in HY TME infection mediated by chronic increases in glucagon secretion. In both models, alterations of pancreatic endocrine function were not associated with PrPSc deposition in the pancreas. The results indicate that prominent endocrinopathy underlies alterations in body weight, pancreatic endocrine function, and intake of food. The prion-induced alterations of energy homeostasis in 139H scrapie- or HY TME-infected hamsters could occur within areas of the hypothalamus that control food satiety and/or within autonomic centers that provide neural outflow to the pancreas. ?? 2008 Society for Endocrinology.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Endocrinology","doi":"10.1677/JOE-07-0516","issn":"00220795","usgsCitation":"Bailey, J.D., Berardinelli, J., Rocke, T., and Bessen, R.A., 2008, Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases: Journal of Endocrinology, v. 197, no. 2, p. 251-263, https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0516.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476639,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0516","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0516"}],"volume":"197","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f05e4b0c8380cd7f52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, J. D.","contributorId":66882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berardinelli, J.G.","contributorId":89727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berardinelli","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bessen, R. A.","contributorId":91611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bessen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033272,"text":"70033272 - 2008 - Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033272","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in streams is important, yet few studies focus on DOC dynamics in Midwestern streams during storms. In this study, stream DOC dynamics during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses, the change in character of stream DOC during storms, and the usability of DOC as a hydrologic tracer in artificially drained landscapes of the Midwest are investigated. Major cation/DOC concentrations, and DOC specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and fluorescence index (FI) were monitored at 2-4 h intervals during three spring storms. Although DOC is less aromatic in the mixed land use watershed than in the agricultural watershed, land use has little impact on stream DOC concentration during storms. For both watersheds, DOC concentration follows discharge, and SUVA and FI values indicate an increase in stream DOC aromaticity and lignin content during storms. The comparison of DOC/major cation flushing dynamics indicates that DOC is mainly exported via overland flow/macropore flow. In both watersheds, the increase in DOC concentration in the streams during storms corresponds to a shift in the source of DOC from DOC originating from mineral soil layers of the soil profile at baseflow, to DOC originating from surficial soil layers richer in aromatic substances and lignin during storms. Results also suggest that DOC, SUVA and FI could be used as hydrologic tracers in artificially drained landscapes of the Midwest. These results underscore the importance of sampling streams for DOC during high flow periods in order to understand the fate of DOC in streams. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Vidon, P., Wagner, L., and Soyeux, E., 2008, Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses: Biogeochemistry, v. 88, no. 3, p. 257-270, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6.","startPage":"257","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6"},{"id":241023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42fe4b0c8380cd4bbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidon, P.","contributorId":47589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, L.E.","contributorId":91698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soyeux, E.","contributorId":51099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soyeux","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033274,"text":"70033274 - 2008 - Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033274","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic","docAbstract":"Previous studies indicate that the locations of the endangered loggerhead Caretta caretta and critically endangered leatherback Dermochelys coriacea sea turtles are influenced by water temperatures, and that incidental catch rates in the pelagic longline fishery vary by region. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model to examine the effects of environmental variables, including water temperature, on the number of sea turtles captured in the US pelagic longline fishery in the western North Atlantic. The modeling structure is highly flexible, utilizes a Bayesian model selection technique, and is fully implemented in the software program WinBUGS. The number of sea turtles captured is modeled as a zero-inflated Poisson distribution and the model incorporates fixed effects to examine region-specific differences in the parameter estimates. Results indicate that water temperature, region, bottom depth, and target species are all significant predictors of the number of loggerhead sea turtles captured. For leatherback sea turtles, the model with only target species had the most posterior model weight, though a re-parameterization of the model indicates that temperature influences the zero-inflation parameter. The relationship between the number of sea turtles captured and the variables of interest all varied by region. This suggests that management decisions aimed at reducing sea turtle bycatch may be more effective if they are spatially explicit. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/esr00105","issn":"18635","usgsCitation":"Gardner, B., Sullivan, P., Epperly, S., and Morreale, S., 2008, Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic: Endangered Species Research, v. 5, no. 2-3, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00105.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476808,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00105"},{"id":241059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a309de4b0c8380cd5d7c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, B.","contributorId":26793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epperly, S.","contributorId":85408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epperly","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morreale, S.J.","contributorId":101463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morreale","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033283,"text":"70033283 - 2008 - Role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation and settling of suspended particles in the Mississippi River Delta plain, Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:44:01","indexId":"70033283","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation and settling of suspended particles in the Mississippi River Delta plain, Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>River-dominated delta areas are primary sites of active biogeochemical cycling, with productivity enhanced by terrestrial inputs of nutrients. Particle aggregation in these areas primarily controls the deposition of suspended particles, yet factors that control particle aggregation and resulting sedimentation in these environments are poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation of suspended particles in the Mississippi Delta. Three representative sites along the salinity gradient were selected and sediments were collected from the sediment-water interface. Based on quantitative mineralogical analyses 88–89 wt.% of all minerals in the sediments are clays, mainly smectite and illite. Consumption of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and the formation of H<sub>2</sub>S and pyrite during microbial Fe(III) reduction of the non-sterile sediments by <i>Shewanella putrefaciens</i> CN32 in artificial pore water (APW) media suggest simultaneous sulfate and Fe(III) reduction activity. The pH<sub>PZNPC</sub> of the sediments was ≤3.5 and their zeta potentials at the sediment-water interface pH (6.9–7.3) varied from −35 to −45 mV, suggesting that both edges and faces of clay particles have negative surface charge. Therefore, high concentrations of cations in pore water are expected to be a predominant factor in particle aggregation consistent with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Experiments on aggregation of different types of sediments in the same APW composition revealed that the sediment with low zeta potential had a high rate of aggregation. Similarly, addition of external Fe(II) (<i>i.e.</i> not derived from sediments) was normally found to enhance particle aggregation and deposition in all sediments, probably resulting from a decrease in surface potential of particles due to specific Fe(II) sorption. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) images showed predominant face-to-face clay aggregation in native sediments and composite mixtures of biopolymer, bacteria, and clay minerals in the bioreduced sediments. However, a clear need remains for additional information on the conditions, if any, that favor the development of anoxia in deep- and bottom-water bodies supporting Fe(III) reduction and resulting in particle aggregation and sedimentation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560403","usgsCitation":"Jaisi, D.P., Ji, S., Dong, H., Blake, R.E., Eberl, D.D., and Kim, J., 2008, Role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation and settling of suspended particles in the Mississippi River Delta plain, Louisiana, USA: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 56, no. 4, p. 416-428, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560403.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"428","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae5ce4b0c8380cd8709f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaisi, Deb P.","contributorId":82913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaisi","given":"Deb","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, Shanshan","contributorId":85481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Shanshan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, Hailiang","contributorId":50802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Hailiang","affiliations":[{"id":36002,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, Ruth E.","contributorId":81316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kim, Jinwook","contributorId":53416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Jinwook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033293,"text":"70033293 - 2008 - Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033293","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge","docAbstract":"In order to estimate acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios (ACRs) relevant to a coldwater stream community, we exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 96-h acute and 60+ day early-life stage (ELS) exposures. We also tested the acute and sublethal responses of a mayfly (Baetis tricaudatus) and a midge (Chironomus dilutus, formerly C. tentans) with Pb. We examine the statistical interpretation of test endpoints and the acute-to-chronic ratio concept. Increasing the number of control replicates by 2 to 3x decreased the minimum detectable differences by almost half. Pb ACR estimates mostly increased with increasing acute resistance of the organisms (rainbow trout ACRs <??? mayfly < Chironomus). The choice of test endpoint and statistical analysis influenced ACR estimates by up to a factor of four. When calculated using the geometric means of the no- and lowest-observed effect concentrations, ACRs with rainbow trout and Cd were 0.6 and 0.95; Zn about 1.0; and for Pb 3.3 and 11. The comparable Pb ACRs for the mayfly and Chironomus were 5.2 and 51 respectively. Our rainbow trout ACRs with Pb were about 5-20x lower than earlier reports with salmonids. We suggest discounting previous ACR results that used larger and older fish in their acute tests. ?? 2007 GovernmentEmployee: U.S. Geological Survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-007-9524-8","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C., Hennessy, D., and Dillon, F., 2008, Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 188, no. 1-4, p. 41-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9524-8.","startPage":"41","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9524-8"},{"id":240795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ce4b0c8380cd4f565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hennessy, D.P.","contributorId":31988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hennessy","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dillon, F.S.","contributorId":68538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033301,"text":"70033301 - 2008 - Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033301","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system","docAbstract":"Cassini VIMS has obtained spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data on numerous satellites of Saturn. A very close fly-by of Dione provided key information for solving the riddle of the origin of the dark material in the Saturn system. The Dione VIMS data show a pattern of bombardment of fine, sub-0.5-??m diameter particles impacting the satellite from the trailing side direction. Multiple lines of evidence point to an external origin for the dark material on Dione, including the global spatial pattern of dark material, local patterns including crater and cliff walls shielding implantation on slopes facing away from the trailing side, exposing clean ice, and slopes facing the trailing direction which show higher abundances of dark material. Multiple spectral features of the dark material match those seen on Phoebe, Iapetus, Hyperion, Epimetheus and the F-ring, implying the material has a common composition throughout the Saturn system. However, the exact composition of the dark material remains a mystery, except that bound water and, tentatively, ammonia are detected, and there is evidence both for and against cyanide compounds. Exact identification of composition requires additional laboratory work. A blue scattering peak with a strong UV-visible absorption is observed in spectra of all satellites which contain dark material, and the cause is Rayleigh scattering, again pointing to a common origin. The Rayleigh scattering effect is confirmed with laboratory experiments using ice and 0.2-??m diameter carbon grains when the carbon abundance is less than about 2% by weight. Rayleigh scattering in solids is also confirmed in naturally occurring terrestrial rocks, and in previously published reflectance studies. The spatial pattern, Rayleigh scattering effect, and spectral properties argue that the dark material is only a thin coating on Dione's surface, and by extension is only a thin coating on Phoebe, Hyperion, and Iapetus, although the dark material abundance appears higher on Iapetus, and may be locally thick. As previously concluded for Phoebe, the dark material appears to be external to the Saturn system and may be cometary in origin. We also report a possible detection of material around Dione which may indicate Dione is active and contributes material to the E-ring, but this observation must be confirmed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Curchin, J.M., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Brown, R.H., Hoefen, T., Stephan, K., Moore, J.N., Buratti, B.J., Baines, K.H., Nicholson, P.D., and Nelson, R., 2008, Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system: Icarus, v. 193, no. 2, p. 372-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035.","startPage":"372","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213288,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035"},{"id":240898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f938e4b0c8380cd4d4e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curchin, J. M.","contributorId":37145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curchin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70033304,"text":"70033304 - 2008 - Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033304","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario","docAbstract":"Redhorse, Moxostoma spp., are considered to be negatively affected by dams although this assertion is untested for Canadian populations. One hundred and fifty-one sites in the Grand River watershed were sampled to identify factors influencing the distribution of redhorse species. Individual species of redhorse were captured from 3 to 32% of sites. The most widespread species were golden redhorse, M. erythrurum (30%) and greater redhorse, M. valenciennesi (32%), while river redhorse, M. carinatum, was only found along the lower Grand River. Redhorse were absent from the highly fragmented Speed River sub-watershed and upper reaches of the Conestogo River and the Grand River. Redhorse species richness was positively correlated to river fragment size and upstream drainage area. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to evaluate the influence of river fragment length, connectivity and habitat on species distribution. Principal component analysis reduced habitat data to three axes representing: channel structure, substrate, and pool, riffle and run habitats (PC1); gradient and drainage area (PC2); and cover (PC3). GAMs indicate that PC2 was important for predicting black redhorse and greater redhorse site occupancy and PC1 was important for golden redhorse. River fragment length was important for predicting site occupancy for shorthead redhorse, but not other species. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9179-0","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Reid, S., Mandrak, N., Carl, L., and Wilson, C., 2008, Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 81, no. 1, p. 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9179-0.","startPage":"111","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9179-0"},{"id":240961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b1ee4b0c8380cd6224b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, S.M.","contributorId":61550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandrak, N.E.","contributorId":79301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandrak","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carl, L.M.","contributorId":22478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carl","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, C.C.","contributorId":102987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033306,"text":"70033306 - 2008 - Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T17:30:22","indexId":"70033306","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow?","docAbstract":"<p>Bright gully sediments attributed to liquid water flow have been deposited on Mars within the past several years. To test the liquid water flow hypothesis, we constructed a high-resolution (1 m/pixel) photogrammetric digital elevation model of a crater in the Centauri Montes region, where a bright gully deposit formed between 2001 and 2005. We conducted one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D numerical flow modeling to test whether the deposit morphology is most consistent with liquid water or dry granular How. Liquid water flow models that incorporate freezing can match the runout distance of the flow for certain freezing rates but fail to reconstruct the distributary lobe morphology of the distal end of the deposit. Dry granular flow models can match both the observed runout distance and the distal morphology. Wet debris flows with high sediment concentrations are also consistent with the observed morphology because their rheologies are often similar to that of dry granular flows. As such, the presence of liquid water in this flow event cannot be ruled out, but the available evidence is consistent with dry landsliding.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24346A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Pelletier, J.D., Kolb, K.J., McEwen, A.S., and Kirk, R.L., 2008, Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow?: Geology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 211-214, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24346A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Centauri Montes; Mars","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95eae4b0c8380cd81cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pelletier, Jon D.","contributorId":22657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelletier","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolb, Kelly J.","contributorId":210546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolb","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033308,"text":"70033308 - 2008 - Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:48:40","indexId":"70033308","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2263,"text":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>Concentrations of Ra in liquid and solid wastes generated from 15 softeners treating domestic well waters from New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers (where combined Ra (<sup>226</sup>Ra plus<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup>Ra) concentrations commonly exceed 0.185&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>) were determined. Softeners, when maintained, reduced combined Ra about 10-fold (&lt;0.024&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>). Combined Ra exceeded 0.185&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at 1 non-maintained system. Combined Ra was enriched in regeneration brine waste (maximum, 81.2&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>), but concentrations in septic-tank effluents receiving brine waste were less than in the untreated ground waters. The maximum combined Ra concentration in aquifer sands (40.7&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>dry weight) was less than that in sludge from the septic tanks (range, 84–363&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup>), indicating Ra accumulation in sludge from effluent. The combined Ra concentration in sludge from the homeowners' septic systems falls within the range reported for sludge samples from publicly owned treatment works within the region.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009","issn":"0265931X","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Jacobsen, E., Kraemer, T.F., and Parsa, B., 2008, Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 99, no. 6, p. 947-964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"964","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Coastal Plain","volume":"99","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f985e4b0c8380cd4d659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobsen, E.","contributorId":101462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsa, B.","contributorId":15840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsa","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033310,"text":"70033310 - 2008 - Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033310","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes","docAbstract":"Sulfate (S and O) isotopes used in conjunction with sulfate concentration provide a tracer for ground water contributions to base flow. They are particularly useful in areas where rock sources of contrasting S isotope character are juxtaposed, where water chemistry or H and O isotopes fail to distinguish water sources, and in arid areas where rain water contributions to base flow are minimal. Sonoita Creek basin in southern Arizona, where evaporite and igneous sources of sulfur are commonly juxtaposed, serves as an example. Base flow in Sonoita Creek is a mixture of three ground water sources: A, basin ground water with sulfate resembling that from Permian evaporite; B, ground water from the Patagonia Mountains; and C, ground water associated with Temporal Gulch. B and C contain sulfate like that of acid rock drainage in the region but differ in sulfate content. Source A contributes 50% to 70%, with the remainder equally divided between B and C during the base flow seasons. The proportion of B generally increases downstream. The proportion of A is greatest under drought conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00437.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gu, A., Gray, F., Eastoe, C., Norman, L., Duarte, O., and Long, A., 2008, Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 3, p. 502-509, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00437.x.","startPage":"502","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00437.x"},{"id":241061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb690e4b08c986b326d3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, A.","contributorId":13043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, F.","contributorId":87270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastoe, C.J.","contributorId":107051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastoe","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norman, L.M.","contributorId":20455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duarte, O.","contributorId":62030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, A.","contributorId":25307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033313,"text":"70033313 - 2008 - Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:42:43.145442","indexId":"70033313","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis","docAbstract":"The spring condition hypothesis (SCH) states that the current decline of the North American scaup population (Lesser [Aythya affinis] and Greater Scaup [A. marila] combined) is due to a decline in quality or availability of scaup foods on wintering, spring migration, or breeding areas that has caused a reduction in female body condition and subsequent reproductive success. Our previous research indicated that forage quality in diets of Lesser Scaup (hereafter scaup) at two sites in Northwestern Minnesota was lower in springs 2000-2001 than that reported for springs 1986-1988, consistent with the SCH. Accordingly, we further tested the SCH at a landscape scale, by comparing amounts of amphipods in diets (index of forage quality) of scaup (N = 263) collected in springs 2003-2005 from seven eco-physiographic regions in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota in relation to data from Northwestern Minnesota during springs 2000-2001. We found that aggregate percentages of Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca (amphipods) in scaup diets during springs 2000-2001 in Northwest Minnesota were similar to those in the Iowa Prairie Pothole, Minnesota Morainal, Minnesota Glaciated Plains, Red River Valley, and Northwestern Minnesota in springs 2003-2005; however, scaup consumed relatively higher aggregate percentages of Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca in North Dakota Missouri Coteau and North Dakota Glaciated Plains. Females in Iowa were over three times less likely to have consumed food than those in North Dakota, despite previous research indicating similar foraging rates among these regions. Mean mass of scaup diet samples throughout the upper-Midwest were 77 mg (49%) and 87 mg (52%) lower than those of historical studies in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively. We conclude that there has been a decrease in forage quality for scaup in Iowa and Minnesota and a decrease in the amount of forage consumed throughout the upper-Midwest, consistent with the SCH.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[97:DOLSDS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., and Afton, A., 2008, Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis: Waterbirds, v. 31, no. 1, p. 97-106, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[97:DOLSDS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.1630859375,\n              46.7248003746672\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.119873046875,\n              46.7248003746672\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.119873046875,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.1630859375,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.1630859375,\n              46.7248003746672\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e3e4b0c8380cd4f994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033319,"text":"70033319 - 2008 - Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033319","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling","docAbstract":"Plot-scale experimentation can provide valuable insight into the effects of manure management practices on phosphorus (P) runoff, but whole-farm evaluation is needed for complete assessment of potential trade offs. Artificially-applied rainfall experimentation on small field plots and event-based and long-term simulation modeling were used to compare P loss in runoff related to two dairy manure application methods (surface application with and without incorporation by tillage) on contrasting Pennsylvania soils previously under no-till management. Results of single-event rainfall experiments indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses in runoff from manured plots decreased by up to 90% with manure incorporation while total P losses did not change significantly. Longer-term whole farm simulation modeling indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses would decrease by 8% with manure incorporation while total P losses would increase by 77% due to greater erosion from fields previously under no-till. Differences in the two methods of inference point to the need for caution in extrapolating research findings. Single-event rainfall experiments conducted shortly after manure application simulate incidental transfers of dissolved P in manure to runoff, resulting in greater losses of dissolved reactive P. However, the transfer of dissolved P in applied manure diminishes with time. Over the annual time frame simulated by whole farm modeling, erosion processes become more important to runoff P losses. Results of this study highlight the need to consider the potential for increased erosion and total P losses caused by soil disturbance during incorporation. This study emphasizes the ability of modeling to estimate management practice effectiveness at the larger scales when experimental data is not available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00224","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A., Veith, T., Kleinman, P., Rotz, C., and Saporito, L., 2008, Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 63, no. 4, p. 204-211.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddae4b0c8380cd49a5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, A.M.","contributorId":31585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veith, T.L.","contributorId":40432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veith","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleinman, P.J.A.","contributorId":29224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinman","given":"P.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rotz, C.A.","contributorId":9074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotz","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saporito, L.S.","contributorId":22158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporito","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033322,"text":"70033322 - 2008 - Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T07:37:07","indexId":"70033322","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection","docAbstract":"<p><span>A tracer experiment, using a nonreactive tracer, was conducted as part of an investigation of the potential for chemical and pathogen migration to public supply wells that draw groundwater from the highly transmissive karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The tracer was injected into the formation over approximately 1 h, and its recovery was monitored at a pumping well approximately 100 m from the injection well. The first detection of the tracer occurred after approximately 5 h, and the peak concentration occurred at about 8 h after the injection. The tracer was still detected in the production well more than 6 days after injection, and only 42% of the tracer mass was recovered. It is hypothesized that a combination of chemical diffusion and slow advection resulted in significant retention of the tracer in the formation, despite the high transmissivity of the karst limestone. The tail of the breakthrough curve exhibited a straight‐line behavior with a slope of −2 on a log‐log plot of concentration versus time. The −2 slope is hypothesized to be a function of slow advection, where the velocities of flow paths are hypothesized to range over several orders of magnitude. The flow paths having the slowest velocities result in a response similar to chemical diffusion. Chemical diffusion, due to chemical gradients, is still ongoing during the declining limb of the breakthrough curve, but this process is dwarfed by the magnitude of the mass flux by slow advection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006059","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Renken, R.A., Harvey, R.W., Zygnerski, M.R., and Metge, D.W., 2008, Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 8, W08430; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006059.","productDescription":"W08430; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7595e4b0c8380cd77c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":440328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zygnerski, Michael R.","contributorId":25469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033339,"text":"70033339 - 2008 - Isotope geochemistry of mercury in source rocks, mineral deposits and spring deposits of the California Coast Ranges, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033339","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope geochemistry of mercury in source rocks, mineral deposits and spring deposits of the California Coast Ranges, USA","docAbstract":"We present here the first study of the isotopic composition of mercury in rocks, ore deposits, and active spring deposits from the California Coast Ranges, a part of Earth's crust with unusually extensive evidence of mercury mobility and enrichment. The Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence, which form the bedrock in the California Coast Ranges, are intruded and overlain by Tertiary volcanic rocks including the Clear Lake Volcanic Sequence. These rocks contain two types of mercury deposits, hot-spring deposits that form at shallow depths (< 300??m) and silica-carbonate deposits that extend to depths of 1000??m. Active springs and geothermal areas continue to precipitate Hg and Au and are modern analogues to the fossil hydrothermal systems preserved in the ore deposits. The Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence contain clastic sedimentary rocks with higher concentrations of mercury than volcanic rocks of the Clear Lake Volcanic Field. Mean mercury isotopic compositions (??202Hg) for all three rock units are similar, although the range of values in Franciscan Complex rocks is greater than in either Great Valley or Clear Lake rocks. Hot spring and silica-carbonate mercury deposits have similar average mercury isotopic compositions that are indistinguishable from averages for the three rock units, although ??202Hg values for the mercury deposits have a greater variance than the country rocks. Precipitates from spring and geothermal waters in the area have similarly large variance and a mean ??202Hg value that is significantly lower than the ore deposits and rocks. These observations indicate that there is little or no isotopic fractionation (< ?? 0.5???) during release of mercury from its source rocks into hydrothermal solutions. Isotopic fractionation does appear to take place during transport and concentration of mercury in deposits, however, especially in their uppermost parts. Boiling of hydrothermal fluids, separation of a mercury-bearing CO2 vapor or reduction and volatilization of Hg(0) in the near-surface environment are likely the most important processes causing the observed Hg isotope fractionation. This should result in the release of mercury with low ??202Hg values into the atmosphere from the top of these hydrothermal systems. Estimates of mass balance suggest that residual Hg reservoirs are not measurably enriched in heavy Hg isotopes as a result of this process because only a small amount of Hg (< 4%) leaves actively ore-forming systems. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.02.029","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Smith, C., Kesler, S., Blum, J., and Rytuba, J.J., 2008, Isotope geochemistry of mercury in source rocks, mineral deposits and spring deposits of the California Coast Ranges, USA: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 269, no. 3-4, p. 398-406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.02.029.","startPage":"398","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213348,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.02.029"},{"id":240964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f88e4b0c8380cd645de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, C.N.","contributorId":56044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kesler, S.E.","contributorId":42717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesler","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blum, J.D.","contributorId":30829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033340,"text":"70033340 - 2008 - Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsills siliquoidea)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033340","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsills siliquoidea)","docAbstract":"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH on the toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels. Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity tests were conducted with 10-d-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) at five pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 9.0 in flow-through diluter systems at 20??C. Acute 48-h tests with amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and 96-h tests with oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were conducted concurrently under the same test conditions to determine the sensitivity of mussels relative to these two commonly tested benthic invertebrate species. During the exposure, pH levels were maintained within 0.1 of a pH unit and ammonia concentrations were relatively constant through time (coefficient of variation for ammonia concentrations ranged from 2 to 30% with a median value of 7.9%). The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of total ammonia nitrogen (N) for mussels were at least two to six times lower than the EC50s for amphipods and oligochaetes, and the EC50s for mussels decreased with increasing pH and ranged from 88 mg N/L at pH 6.6 to 0.96 mg N/L at pH 9.0. The EC50s for mussels were at or below the final acute values used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acute water quality criterion (WQC). However, the quantitative relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity to juvenile mussels was similar to the average relationship for other taxa reported in the WQC. These results indicate that including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC would lower the acute criterion but not change the WQC mathematical representation of the relative effect of pH on ammonia toxicity. ?? 2008 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-193.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Erickson, R., Ingersoll, C., Ivey, C., Brunson, E., Augspurger, T., and Barnhart, M., 2008, Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsills siliquoidea): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1141-1146, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-193.1.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1146","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-193.1"},{"id":240933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b62e4b0c8380cd624aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, R.J.","contributorId":8032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivey, C.D.","contributorId":33876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brunson, E.L.","contributorId":29924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id19\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id20\"><p id=\"simple-para0115\">Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50&nbsp;μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27&nbsp;μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5&nbsp;μg/L at pH&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;7.5 regardless of geology. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ<sup>53</sup>Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were observed as dissolved O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site. Although δ<sup>53</sup>Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD composition of water from wells.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Ball, J., Bullen, T., and Sutley, S.J., 2008, Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1325-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e7e4b0c8380cd4c4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033342,"text":"70033342 - 2008 - Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T15:30:17.246145","indexId":"70033342","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Occurrence and fate of 45 pesticides and 40 pesticide degradates were investigated in four contrasting agricultural settings&mdash;in Maryland, Nebraska, California, and Washington. Primary crops included corn at all sites, soybeans in Maryland, orchards in California and Washington, and vineyards in Washington. Pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples from all four areas were predominantly from two classes of herbicides&mdash;triazines and chloroacetanilides; insecticides and fungicides were not present in the shallow ground water. In most samples, pesticide degradates greatly exceeded the concentrations of parent pesticide. In samples from Nebraska, the parent pesticide atrazine [6-chloro-</span><i>N</i><span>-ethyl-</span><i>N</i><span>&prime;-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] was about the same concentration as the degradate, but in samples from Maryland and California atrazine concentrations were substantially smaller than its degradate. Simazine [6-chloro-</span><i>N,N&prime;</i><span>-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], the second most detected triazine, was detected in ground water from Maryland, California, and Washington. Metolachlor [2-chloro-</span><i>N</i><span>-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-</span><i>N</i><span>-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] rarely was detected without its degradates, and when they were detected in the same sample metolachlor always had smaller concentrations. The Root-Zone Water-Quality Model was used to examine the occurrence and fate of metolachlor at the Maryland site. Simulations accurately predicted which metolachlor degradate would be predominant in the unsaturated zone. In analyses of relations among redox indicators and pesticide variance, apparent age, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and excess nitrogen gas (from denitrification) were important indicators of the presence and concentration of pesticides in these ground water systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0166","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., Johnson, H., Sandstrom, M.W., Capel, P., and Barbash, J., 2008, Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1116-1132, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0166.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1116","endPage":"1132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Maryland, Nebraska, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.8880615234375,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0421142578125,\n              38.25974980039479\n        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V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, H.M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":75339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033347,"text":"70033347 - 2008 - Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033347","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","docAbstract":"Reservoirs have traditionally been regarded as spatially independent entities rather than as longitudinal segments of a river system that are connected upstream and downstream to the river and other reservoirs. This view has frustrated advancement in reservoir science by impeding adequate organization of available information and by hindering interchanges with allied disciplines that often consider impounded rivers at the basin scale. We analyzed reservoir morphology, water quality, and fish assemblage data collected in 24 reservoirs of the Tennessee River; we wanted to describe longitudinal changes occurring at the scale of the entire reservoir series (i.e., cascade) and to test the hypothesis that fish communities and environmental factors display predictable gradients like those recognized for unimpounded rivers. We used a data set collected over a 7-year period; over 3 million fish representing 94 species were included in the data set. Characteristics such as reservoir mean depth, relative size of the limnetic zone, water retention time, oxygen stratification, thermal stratification, substrate size, and water level fluctuations increased in upstream reservoirs. Conversely, reservoir area, extent of riverine and littoral zones, access to floodplains and associated wetlands, habitat diversity, and nutrient and sediment inputs increased in downstream reservoirs. Upstream reservoirs included few, largely lacustrine, ubiquitous fish taxa that were characteristic of the lentic upper reaches of the basin. Fish species richness increased in a downstream direction from 12 to 67 species/ reservoir as riverine species became more common. Considering impoundments at a basin scale by viewing them as sections in a river or links in a chain may generate insight that is not always available when the impoundments are viewed as isolated entities. Basin-scale variables are rarely controllable but constrain the expression of processes at smaller scales and can facilitate the organization of reservoir management efforts. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-262.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., Habrat, M., and Miyazono, S., 2008, Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1851-1865, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1865","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1"},{"id":240968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c2e4b0c8380cd68877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Habrat, M.D.","contributorId":50361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habrat","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miyazono, S.","contributorId":79310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyazono","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033349,"text":"70033349 - 2008 - Remote sensing and GIS approach for water-well site selection, southwest Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033349","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing and GIS approach for water-well site selection, southwest Iran","docAbstract":"The Pabdeh-Lali Anticline of northern Khuzestan province is located in southwestern Iran and occupies 790 km2. This structure is situated in the Zagros folded belt. As a result of well-developed karst systems in the anticlinal axis, the water supply potential is high and is drained by many peripheral springs. However, there is a scarcity of water for agriculture and population centers on the anticlinal flanks, which imposes a severe problem in terms of area development. This study combines remotely sensed (RS) data and a geographical information system (GIS) into a RSGIS technique to delineate new areas for groundwater development and specific sites for drilling productive water wells. Toward these goals, RS data were used to develop GIS layers for lithology, structural geology, topographic slope, elevation, and drainage density. Field measurements were made to create spring-location and groundwater-quality GIS layers. Subsequently, expert choice and relational methods were used in a GIS environment to conjunctively analyze all layers to delineate preferable regions and 43 individual sites in which to drill water wells. Results indicate that the most preferred areas are, in preferential order, within recent alluvial deposits, the Bakhtiyari Conglomerates, and the Aghajari Sandstone. The Asmari Limestone and other units have much lower potential for groundwater supplies. Potential usefulness of the RSGIS method was indicated when six out of nine producing wells recently drilled by the Khozestan Water and Power Authority (which had no knowledge of this study) were located in areas preferentially selected by this technique.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.14.4.315","issn":"10787","usgsCitation":"Rangzan, K., Charchi, A., Abshirini, E., and Dinger, J., 2008, Remote sensing and GIS approach for water-well site selection, southwest Iran: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 14, no. 4, p. 315-326, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.14.4.315.","startPage":"315","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.14.4.315"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6f1e4b0c8380cd85129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rangzan, K.","contributorId":39589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangzan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charchi, A.","contributorId":82928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charchi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abshirini, E.","contributorId":22972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abshirini","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinger, J.","contributorId":69788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033351,"text":"70033351 - 2008 - Assessing habitat use by breeding Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) on the Upper Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T18:07:03.075397","indexId":"70033351","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Assessing habitat use by breeding Great Blue Herons (<i>Ardea herodias</i>) on the Upper Mississippi River, USA","title":"Assessing habitat use by breeding Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) on the Upper Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Approximately 7,610 to 3,175 pairs of Great Blue Herons (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Ardea herodias</span><span>) nested along 420 river km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) from 1993 to 2003. Numbers declined precipitously in the mid-1990s stabilizing somewhat in the early 2000s. The average number of nests in colonies was 349 (SD = 283). Annual colony turn over rate for the eleven year period was 0.15 and ranged from 0.06 to 0.29 each year. The number of years that a colony was active was positively correlated with the average number of nests present while the colony was active. Of the eight colonies active in 1993 that averaged more than 349 nests, four were abandoned by 2003. Only one colony grew to greater than 349 nests during the study period.&nbsp;</span><a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"https://bioone.org/journals/Waterbirds/volume-31/issue-2/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2/Assessing-Habitat-Use-by-Breeding-Great-Blue-Herons-Ardea-herodias/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2.short#i1524-4695-31-2-252-Custer1\" data-mce-href=\"https://bioone.org/journals/Waterbirds/volume-31/issue-2/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2/Assessing-Habitat-Use-by-Breeding-Great-Blue-Herons-Ardea-herodias/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2.short#i1524-4695-31-2-252-Custer1\">Custer<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(2004)</a><span>&nbsp;suggested that herons on the UMR may be limited by forage resources or foraging habitat and social factors, as evidenced by the even spacing of colonies that reflects the maximum feeding range of herons on the river. To rule out nesting and foraging habitat limitation, landscape habitat features of terrestrial and aquatic areas were examined for colony areas and areas without colonies. Available fish monitoring data were used to examine potential interactions between herons and forage resources. Colony areas did not differ from areas without colonies in any habitat feature. Indices of potential heron forage fish increased from 1993 to 2002, although low indices of fish abundance in 1993 were likely influenced by flood conditions that year. Although fish availability to herons is related to flows and water levels, available data suggested that herons did not negatively impact their potential forage base. Numbers of herons were not correlated with indices of fish abundance from the preceding year on a pool-wide scale. Indices of fish abundance were higher within 5 km of colonies than farther than 5 km from colonies, and indices of fish abundance increased from June through August both near and far from colonies. Numbers of herons and locations and sizes of colonies varied annually, whereas landscape features typically vary little if at all from year to year. Indices of fish abundance also varied greatly by sample location and year. Disturbance, particularly by humans in this highly used river, should be examined in relation to limiting foraging opportunities and influencing behavior (colony and individual) and productivity in colonies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E., Ickes, B., and Olsen, D., 2008, Assessing habitat use by breeding Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) on the Upper Mississippi River, USA: Waterbirds, v. 31, no. 2, p. 252-267, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.37353515625,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1865234375,\n              40.1452892956766\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.02197265625,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93408203124999,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.98876953125,\n              43.11702412135048\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.98876953125,\n              44.10336537791152\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83447265624999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39453125,\n              45.920587344733654\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              45.5679096098613\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.31787109374999,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63671875,\n              44.43377984606822\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7578125,\n              43.91372326852401\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.51611328125,\n              43.628123412124616\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              43.052833917627936\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.94482421875,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68115234375,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41748046874999,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23046875,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.29638671875,\n              41.062786068733026\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              40.36328834091583\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              39.57182223734374\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7470703125,\n              38.90813299596705\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37353515625,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd7e4b0c8380cd49a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ickes, B.","contributorId":87371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, D.A.","contributorId":10377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033353,"text":"70033353 - 2008 - Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:06:18","indexId":"70033353","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">A microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on borehole water and a granite rock core from Henderson Mine, a &gt;1,000-meter-deep molybdenum mine near Empire, CO. Chemical analysis of borehole water at two separate depths (1,044 m and 1,004 m below the mine entrance) suggests that a sharp chemical gradient exists, likely from the mixing of two distinct subsurface fluids, one metal rich and one relatively dilute; this has created unique niches for microorganisms. The microbial community analyzed from filtered, oxic borehole water indicated an abundance of sequences from iron-oxidizing bacteria (<i>Gallionella</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp.) and was compared to the community from the same borehole after 2 weeks of being plugged with an expandable packer. Statistical analyses with UniFrac revealed a significant shift in community structure following the addition of the packer. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis suggested that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Nitrosomonadales</i><span>&nbsp;</span>dominated the oxic borehole, while PLFAs indicative of anaerobic bacteria were most abundant in the samples from the plugged borehole. Microbial sequences were represented primarily by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Firmicutes</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Proteobacteria</i>, and a lineage of sequences which did not group with any identified bacterial division; phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a novel candidate division. This “Henderson candidate division” dominated the clone libraries from the dilute anoxic fluids. Sequences obtained from the granitic rock core (1,740 m below the surface) were represented by the divisions<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(primarily the family<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ralstoniaceae</i>) and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Firmicutes</i>. Sequences grouping within<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ralstoniaceae</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were also found in the clone libraries from metal-rich fluids yet were absent in more dilute fluids. Lineage-specific comparisons, combined with phylogenetic statistical analyses, show that geochemical variance has an important effect on microbial community structure in deep, subsurface systems.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01133-07","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Sahl, J., Schmidt, R., Swanner, E., Mandernack, K., Templeton, A., Kieft, T.L., Smith, R.L., Sanford, W., Callaghan, R., Mitton, J., and Spear, J., 2008, Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476694,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213377,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d7fe4b08c986b31d8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahl, J.W.","contributorId":9072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sahl","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, R.","contributorId":38777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanner, E.D.","contributorId":94506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanner","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Templeton, A.S.","contributorId":72210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templeton","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kieft, Thomas L.","contributorId":48765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieft","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7026,"text":"New Mexico Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Callaghan, R.L.","contributorId":99382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callaghan","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mitton, J.B.","contributorId":57603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spear, J.R.","contributorId":86979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70033355,"text":"70033355 - 2008 - Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033355","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We examined changes in water chemistry and copper (Cu) toxicity in three paired renewal and flow-through acute bioassays with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Test exposure methodology influenced both exposure water chemistry and measured Cu toxicity. Ammonia and organic carbon concentrations were higher and the fraction of dissolved Cu lower in renewal tests than in paired flow-through tests. Cu toxicity was also lower in renewal tests; 96 h dissolved Cu LC50 values were 7-60% higher than LC50s from matching flow-through tests. LC50 values in both types of tests were related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in exposure tanks. Increases in organic carbon concentrations in renewal tests were associated with reduced Cu toxicity, likely as a result of the lower bioavailability of Cu-organic carbon complexes. The biotic ligand model of acute Cu toxicity tended to underpredict toxicity in the presence of DOC. Model fits between predicted and observed toxicity were improved by assuming that only 50% of the measured DOC was reactive, and that this reactive fraction was present as fulvic acid. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Welsh, P., Lipton, J., Mebane, C., and Marr, J., 2008, Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 69, no. 2, p. 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003"},{"id":241029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b37e4b0c8380cd62319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, P.G.","contributorId":86980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipton, J.","contributorId":15841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marr, J.C.A.","contributorId":94108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marr","given":"J.C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033358,"text":"70033358 - 2008 - Diurnal variations in, and influences on, concentrations of particulate and dissolved arsenic and metals in the mildly alkaline Wallkill River, New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033358","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal variations in, and influences on, concentrations of particulate and dissolved arsenic and metals in the mildly alkaline Wallkill River, New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"Diurnal variations in particulate and dissolved As and metal concentrations were observed in mildly alkaline water from a wetlands site on the Wallkill River in northwestern New Jersey. The site, underlain by glacial sediments over dolomite bedrock, is 10 km downstream from a mined area of the Franklin Marble, host to Zn ores, also As and Mn minerals. In mid-September 2005, maxima and minima in dissolved-oxygen-concentration and pH, typically caused by photosynthesis and respiration, occurred at 2000 and 0800 hours. Concentrations of dissolved As (1.52-1.95 ??g/L) peaked at dusk (2000 hours), whereas dissolved Mn and Zn concentrations (76.5-96.9 and 8.55-12.8 ??g/L, respectively) were lowest at dusk and peaked at 1000 hours. These opposing cycles probably reflect sorption and desorption of As (an anion), and Mn and Zn (cations) as pH varied throughout the 24-h period. Doubly-peaked cycles of B, Cl, SO4, and nutrients also were observed; these may result from upstream discharges of septic-system effluent. Both recoverable amd particulate Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations peaked between 0200 and 0600 hours. The particulate metals cycle, with perturbations at 0400 hours, may be influenced by biological activity. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0708-8","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J.L., Wilson, T., Szabo, Z., Bonin, J., Fischer, J., and Smith, N., 2008, Diurnal variations in, and influences on, concentrations of particulate and dissolved arsenic and metals in the mildly alkaline Wallkill River, New Jersey, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1183-1199, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0708-8.","startPage":"1183","endPage":"1199","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0708-8"},{"id":241064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0345e4b0c8380cd503cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, J. L.","contributorId":13994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, T.P. 0000-0003-1914-6344","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":99795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonin, J.L. 0000-0002-5813-3549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-3549","contributorId":55642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fischer, J.M. 0000-0003-2996-9272","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":74419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, N.P.","contributorId":20225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"N.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033364,"text":"70033364 - 2008 - Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:56:23","indexId":"70033364","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","docAbstract":"<p>Zinc and Cu play important roles in the biogeochemistry of natural systems, and it is likely that these interactions result in mass-dependent fractionations of their stable isotopes. In this study, we examine the relative abundances of dissolved Zn and Cu isotopes in a variety of stream waters draining six historical mining districts located in the United States and Europe. Our goals were to (1) determine whether streams from different geologic settings have unique or similar Zn and Cu isotopic signatures and (2) to determine whether Zn and Cu isotopic signatures change in response to changes in dissolved metal concentrations over well-defined diel (24-h) cycles.</p><p>Average δ<sup>66</sup>Zn and δ<sup>65</sup>Cu values for streams varied from +0.02‰ to +0.46‰ and −0.7‰ to +1.4‰, respectively, demonstrating that Zn and Cu isotopes are heterogeneous among the measured streams. Zinc or Cu isotopic changes were not detected within the resolution of our measurements over diel cycles for most streams. However, diel changes in Zn isotopes were recorded in one stream where the fluctuations of dissolved Zn were the largest. We calculate an apparent separation factor of ∼0.3‰ (<sup>66/64</sup>Zn) between the dissolved and solid Zn reservoirs in this stream with the solid taking up the lighter Zn isotope. The preference of the lighter isotope in the solid reservoir may reflect metabolic uptake of Zn by microorganisms. Additional field investigations must evaluate the contributions of soils, rocks, minerals, and anthropogenic components to Cu and Zn isotopic fluxes in natural waters. Moreover, rigorous experimental work is necessary to quantify fractionation factors for the biogeochemical reactions that are likely to impact Cu and Zn isotopes in hydrologic systems. This initial investigation of Cu and Zn isotopes in stream waters suggests that these isotopes may be powerful tools for probing biogeochemical processes in surface waters on a variety of temporal and spatial scales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Borrok, D.M., Nimick, D., Wanty, R.B., and Ridley, W.I., 2008, Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 2, p. 329-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbfe4b0c8380cd647ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrok, David M.","contributorId":26056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David","contributorId":19643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, William I. 0000-0001-6787-558X iridley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":1160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"William","email":"iridley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033370,"text":"70033370 - 2008 - A characterization of non-biotic environmental features of prairies hosting the Dakota Skipper (Hesperia dacotae, Hesperiidae) across its remaining U.S. range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:30:54","indexId":"70033370","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2557,"text":"Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A characterization of non-biotic environmental features of prairies hosting the Dakota Skipper (Hesperia dacotae, Hesperiidae) across its remaining U.S. range","docAbstract":"Within the United States, the Dakota Skipper now occurs only in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. In these states it has been associated with margins of glacial lakes and calcareous mesic prairies that host warm-season native grasses. Preliminary geographic information system (GIS) analysis in North Dakota has indicated a close congruency between historic distribution of the Dakota Skipper and that of specific near-shore glacial lake features and related soil associations. This study analyzed humidity-related non-biotic microhabitat characteristics within three remaining occupied Dakota Skipper sites in each state during the larval growth period in 2000. Measured parameters included topographic relief, soil compaction, soil pH, moisture, and temperature at various depths, soil bulk density, soil texture, and temperature and humidity within the larval nest zone. Results of these efforts reveal two distinctive habitat substrates, one of relatively low surface relief with dense but relatively less compact soils, and another of relatively high relief with less dense but more compact soils. In the low-relief habitat, grazing appears to compact soils unfavorably in otherwise similar prairies in the more xeric western portion of the range, potentially by affecting ground-water buffering of larval nest zone humidity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00240966","usgsCitation":"Royer, R., McKenney, R., and Newton, W., 2008, A characterization of non-biotic environmental features of prairies hosting the Dakota Skipper (Hesperia dacotae, Hesperiidae) across its remaining U.S. range: Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, v. 62, no. 1, p. 1-17.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e33fe4b0c8380cd45ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royer, R.A.","contributorId":99500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenney, R.A.","contributorId":57885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenney","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, W.E.","contributorId":13567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}