The need for a water-tube tiltmeter and the details of its operation were covered by Eaton [1] in 1959. Since that time more modern instrumentation has allowed modification and further development beyond the basic single-tube fluid tiltmeter with a mechanical surface sensor. A number of instruments are discussed in connection with thermal errors in a paper by Bevan and Bilham [2] including one due to Huggett, et al. [3]. This particular instrument, the two-fluid tiltmeter, is the subject of this project. A laboratory single leg prototype developed by Terra Technology Corporation [4] was modified and expanded for use in a field test site in central California.
The two major differences in this fluid tiltmeter are the use of two parallel tubes filled with fluids of different thermal properties experiencing the same thermal environment and the design of the level sensors in the reservoirs. The latter being piezoelectric acoustic drivers (sonar type transducers) submerged in the liquid which detect the change in the surface height in the reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81885","usgsCitation":"Merchant, H.C., 1981, Vertical displacement measurements in Central California with a long-baseline two-fluid tiltmeter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-885, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81885.","productDescription":"66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0885/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":495528,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0885/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60220b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merchant, Howard C.","contributorId":50160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10122,"text":"ofr81739 - 1981 - Sources of data, procedures, and bibliography for coal resource investigation of western Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr81739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-739","title":"Sources of data, procedures, and bibliography for coal resource investigation of western Maryland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81739","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., and Jacobsen, E.F., 1981, Sources of data, procedures, and bibliography for coal resource investigation of western Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-739, iii, 37 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81739.","productDescription":"iii, 37 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0739/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37971,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0739/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Paul C.","contributorId":79894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobsen, Edwin F.","contributorId":16020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11814,"text":"ofr81666 - 1981 - Network-day tape software users guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr81666","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-666","title":"Network-day tape software users guide","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81666","usgsCitation":"Zirbes, M., and Buland, R., 1981, Network-day tape software users guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-666, 215 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81666.","productDescription":"215 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0666/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39713,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0666/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zirbes, Madeleine","contributorId":42221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"Madeleine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buland, Ray","contributorId":9637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buland","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9955,"text":"ofr81377 - 1981 - Calculation of strong ground motion and local field-far field relationships for the April 25, 1965, Puget Sound, Washington, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr81377","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-377","title":"Calculation of strong ground motion and local field-far field relationships for the April 25, 1965, Puget Sound, Washington, earthquake","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81377","usgsCitation":"Langston, C.A., 1981, Calculation of strong ground motion and local field-far field relationships for the April 25, 1965, Puget Sound, Washington, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-377, 84 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81377.","productDescription":"84 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0377/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0377/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langston, Charles A.","contributorId":52581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langston","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10539,"text":"ofr81524 - 1981 - A model of uranium mineralization in the Dripping Spring Quartzite, Gila County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:20","indexId":"ofr81524","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-524","title":"A model of uranium mineralization in the Dripping Spring Quartzite, Gila County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81524","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C.J., 1981, A model of uranium mineralization in the Dripping Spring Quartzite, Gila County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-524, iii, 53 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81524.","productDescription":"iii, 53 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0524/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0524/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, Connie J.","contributorId":82675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10134,"text":"ofr81633 - 1981 - Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland, August 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T17:32:26.739761","indexId":"ofr81633","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-633","title":"Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland, August 1980","docAbstract":"This map is based on measurements made in a network of 77 observation wells. Highest levels of the potentiometric surface, 61 to 64 feet above sea level, were near the outcrop or subcrop of the aquifer in topographically high areas of Anne Arundel and northern Prince Georges Counties. The potentiometric surface slopes toward centers of pumpage near Annapolis, in northern Charles County, and southern Prince Georges County. Two separate , distinct, and extensive cones of depression have developed in the surface around the well fields of Waldorf, in northern Charles County, and the Chalk Point power plant, in southern Prince Georges County. The cone of depression in the Annapolis area has coalesced with a more shallow cone that includes the Broadneck Peninsula. The network of wells was developed and is operated and maintained as part of the cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and agencies of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81633","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey and the Maryland Energy Administration","usgsCitation":"Mack, F., Wheeler, J.C., and Curtin, S.E., 1981, Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in southern Maryland, August 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-633, 1 Plate: 8.11 x 10.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81633.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 8.11 x 10.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0633/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0633/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"southern 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b11e4b07f02db6a23d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, Frederick K.","contributorId":95858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Frederick K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, Judith C.","contributorId":13620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10012,"text":"ofr81485 - 1981 - Evapotranspiration from rapidly growing young saltcedar in the Gila River Valley of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr81485","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-485","title":"Evapotranspiration from rapidly growing young saltcedar in the Gila River Valley of Arizona","docAbstract":"Estimates of evapotranspiration by young saltcedar, based on energy budget measurements, were made for an unfilled portion of the San Carlos Reservoir in east-central Arizona. Foty-eight days of record were obtained before the site was inundated. The young saltcedar, which had grown from seed earlier in the season , had an average daily evapotranspiration of 5.8 millimeters of water during the period August 17, 1971, to October 3, 1971. Daily values ranged from 9.2 millimeters to a low of 0.23 millimeters which occurred during a stormy day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81485","usgsCitation":"Leppanen, O., 1981, Evapotranspiration from rapidly growing young saltcedar in the Gila River Valley of Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-485, v, 31 p.:ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81485.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.:ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0485/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37826,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leppanen, O.E.","contributorId":11225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leppanen","given":"O.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10571,"text":"ofr81780 - 1981 - Geology and genesis of the Anderson mine, a carbonaceous lacustrine uranium deposit, western Arizona: A summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T20:23:14.004011","indexId":"ofr81780","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-780","title":"Geology and genesis of the Anderson mine, a carbonaceous lacustrine uranium deposit, western Arizona: A summary report","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81780","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., 1981, Geology and genesis of the Anderson mine, a carbonaceous lacustrine uranium deposit, western Arizona: A summary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-780, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81780.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404844,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75537.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38403,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0780/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0780/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Anderson mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.75,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -113.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -113.75,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6862ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20996,"text":"ofr811349 - 1981 - Stratigraphy and structure of volcanic rocks in drill hole USW-G1, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr811349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1349","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of volcanic rocks in drill hole USW-G1, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811349","usgsCitation":"Spengler, R., Byers, F., and Warner, J., 1981, Stratigraphy and structure of volcanic rocks in drill hole USW-G1, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1349, 51 p., 4 over-size sheets, ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811349.","productDescription":"51 p., 4 over-size sheets, ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1349/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50570,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1349/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50571,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1349/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50572,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1349/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50573,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1349/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50574,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byers, F.M. Jr.","contributorId":78338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F.M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, J.B.","contributorId":87561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10013,"text":"ofr81430 - 1981 - Continuity and tectonic implications of the San Simeon-Hosgri fault zone, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T21:47:17.929351","indexId":"ofr81430","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-430","title":"Continuity and tectonic implications of the San Simeon-Hosgri fault zone, central California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81430","usgsCitation":"Leslie, R.B., 1981, Continuity and tectonic implications of the San Simeon-Hosgri fault zone, central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-430, v, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81430.","productDescription":"v, 64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":37827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0430/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0430/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407495,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12035.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Simeon-Hosgri fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 35.35\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 35.35\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 35.35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, Rob B.","contributorId":57856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10125,"text":"ofr81220 - 1981 - Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10125,"text":"ofr81220 - 1981 - Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska","indexId":"ofr81220","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":45714,"text":"pp1273E - 1983 - Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","indexId":"pp1273E","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":45714,"text":"pp1273E - 1983 - Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","indexId":"pp1273E","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:28:15.441093","indexId":"ofr81220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-220","title":"Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska","docAbstract":"The need for large quantities of energy has created interest in the Fort Union coal region of the Northern Great Plains. Extensive development of this coal, which may include onsite steam-power generation, gasification, liquefaction, and slurry-pipeline transport of the coal from this region, would place a heavy demand on the region's limited streamflow. Paleozoic rocks that underlie the Fort Union coal region and aquifers in these rocks, including the Red River Formation and the Madison Limestone, might supply, at least on a temporary basis, a significant part of the water required for coal development. The area of study covers approximately 200,000 square miles, and includes eastern Montana, western North Dakota and South Dakota, northeastern Wyoming, and northwestern Nebraska. This report, one of a series in the Madison Limestone study, uses hydrologic and geologic data to outline potentially favorable areas for well construction - that is, areas in which there is a good probability that large-yield wells (more than 500 gallons per minute) can be completed in the Red River Formation and in the Madison Limestone. Potentially favorable areas in terms of aquifer characteristics, for both the Red River Formation and the Madison Limestone, are given a numerical evaluation from 1 to 3 based on the number of the following criteria that are met: (1) the presence of more than 100 feet of relatively porous rock, (2) the presence of more than 100 feet of dolomite, and (3) the presence of known geologic structures which could affect yield. Areas rated 3 are those in which all three criteria are satisfied; areas rated 2 are those in which two criteria are satisfied; and areas rated 1 are those in which only one criterion is satisfied. The criteria selected for this analysis were chosen because they can be recognized and mapped over the entire study area. Local features such as minor structures, solution zones, and rock facies of small extent were not included in this regional evaluation. In addition, water quality was considered in a general way in defining the favorable areas, by excluding areas in which the electrical resistivity of formation water, as calculated from geophysical well logs, was less than 1 ohm-meter. The numerical scales of the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone are summed to show potentially favorable areas for the combined aquifers. Certain additional factors which may be important to a prospective water user were not included in the numerical ranking - these include depths to the two aquifers, calcite saturation, water temperature, total dissolved solids, and piezometric head in relation to land surface. For a complete evaluation, potential users should consider these factors plus local structures, facies, and solution zones in conjunction with the numerical rankings reflecting aquifer characteristics. To facilitate consideration of piezometric head, maps are included in this report showing areas in which the piezometric head falls in certain ranges with respect to land surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81220","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., Cushing, E.M., and Brown, D.L., 1981, Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-220, Report: vi, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 17.86 x 21.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81220.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 17.86 x 21.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0220/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 40.111688665595956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushing, E. M.","contributorId":94273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, David L.","contributorId":55425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11222,"text":"ofr811279 - 1981 - Permit requirements for energy and other natural resource for the State of South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr811279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1279","title":"Permit requirements for energy and other natural resource for the State of South Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811279","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., 1981, Permit requirements for energy and other natural resource for the State of South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1279, 66 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811279.","productDescription":"66 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1279/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39012,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1279/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.K.","contributorId":39383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10437,"text":"ofr811026 - 1981 - Descriptions of measured sections, Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation and Star Point Sandstone in the Ferron Canyon, Ferron, The Cap, Flagstaff Peak and Mahogany Point quadrangles, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:40","indexId":"ofr811026","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1026","title":"Descriptions of measured sections, Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation and Star Point Sandstone in the Ferron Canyon, Ferron, The Cap, Flagstaff Peak and Mahogany Point quadrangles, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811026","usgsCitation":"Muldoon, W.J., Flores, R.M., and Sanchez, J., 1981, Descriptions of measured sections, Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation and Star Point Sandstone in the Ferron Canyon, Ferron, The Cap, Flagstaff Peak and Mahogany Point quadrangles, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1026, i, 199 p. :maps ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811026.","productDescription":"i, 199 p. :maps ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":20242,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1026/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20243,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1026/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20244,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1026/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20245,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1026/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20246,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1026/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muldoon, William James","contributorId":88363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muldoon","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":161397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanchez, J. 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Hood earthquake swarm: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-48, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8148.","productDescription":"21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rite, Alan","contributorId":78746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rite","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10202,"text":"ofr811144 - 1981 - Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of southeastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:20","indexId":"ofr811144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1144","title":"Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of southeastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811144","usgsCitation":"Masters, C.D., and Peterson, J.A., 1981, Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of southeastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1144, 8 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811144.","productDescription":"8 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masters, Charles D.","contributorId":38969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, James A.","contributorId":106872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10234,"text":"ofr81649 - 1981 - Predicted effects on ground water of construction of Divide Cut section, Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, northeastern Mississippi, using a digital model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr81649","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-649","title":"Predicted effects on ground water of construction of Divide Cut section, Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, northeastern Mississippi, using a digital model","docAbstract":"The Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, connecting the Tennessee River in northeastern Mississippi with the Gulf of Mexico, is currently (1980) under construction. The Divide Section, the northernmost 39 miles of the Waterway, will consist, from north to south, of (1) a dredged channel, (2) the Divide Cut, and (3) an artifical lake impounded by the Bay Springs Dam. In all three , water will be at Tennessee River level. A three-dimensional digital model covering 3,273 square miles was constructed to simulate ground-water flow in the Gordo and Eutaw Formations and the Coffee Sand in the vicinity of the Divide Section. The model was calibrated to preconstruction water levels, then used to simulate the effects of stresses imposed by the construction of the Divide Section. The model indicates that the system stabilizes after major changes in conditions within a few months. The Divide Cut acts as a drain, lowering water levels as much as 55 feet. Drawdowns of 5 feet occur as much as 8 miles from the Cut. The 80-foot-high Bay Springs Dam raises ground-water levels by 5 feet as far as 6 miles from its impoundment. Drawdown is not likely to affect public water supplies significantly, but probably will adversely affect a relatively small number of private wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81649","usgsCitation":"McBride, M.S., 1981, Predicted effects on ground water of construction of Divide Cut section, Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, northeastern Mississippi, using a digital model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-649, iv, 54 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81649.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0649/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38102,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0649/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, Mark S.","contributorId":96694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10474,"text":"ofr81258 - 1981 - Off-road vehicular destabilization of hillslopes: The major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10474,"text":"ofr81258 - 1981 - Off-road vehicular destabilization of hillslopes: The major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979","indexId":"ofr81258","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Off-road vehicular destabilization of hillslopes: The major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047930,"text":"70047930 - 1983 - Off-road vehicular destabilization of hill slopes: the major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979","indexId":"70047930","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Off-road vehicular destabilization of hill slopes: the major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047930,"text":"70047930 - 1983 - Off-road vehicular destabilization of hill slopes: the major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979","indexId":"70047930","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Off-road vehicular destabilization of hill slopes: the major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T21:18:08.530261","indexId":"ofr81258","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-258","title":"Off-road vehicular destabilization of hillslopes: The major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81258","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J., 1981, Off-road vehicular destabilization of hillslopes: The major contributing factor to destructive debris flows in Ogden, Utah, 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-258, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81258.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":20115,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0258/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393128,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75424.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Ogden","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.94570541381836,\n 41.20991356134334\n ],\n [\n -111.9070816040039,\n 41.20991356134334\n ],\n [\n -111.9070816040039,\n 41.28864214834015\n ],\n [\n -111.94570541381836,\n 41.28864214834015\n ],\n [\n -111.94570541381836,\n 41.20991356134334\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, J. 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Area 25, located in west-central Illinois, includes the Spoon River and small tributaries to the Illinois River. Pennsylvanian age rocks underlie most of the study area. Illinois, with the largest reserves of bituminous coal, is second only to Montana in total coal reserves. Loess soils cover most of the study area. Agriculture is the dominant land use. Surface water provides 97% of all the water used. Precipitation averages 34 to 35 inches. Water-quality data has been collected at over 31 sites. Analysis for specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, iron, manganese, sulfate and many trace elements and other water-quality constituents have been completed. These data are available from computer storage through the National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE). (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81636","usgsCitation":"Zuehls, E., Ryan, G., Peart, D., and Fitzgerald, K.K., 1981, Hydrology of area 25, Eastern Region, Interior Coal Province, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-636, v, 66 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81636.","productDescription":"v, 66 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0636/report.pdf","size":"19580","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0636/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuehls, E.E.","contributorId":19942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuehls","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, G.L.","contributorId":68727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peart, D.B.","contributorId":45304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":8619,"text":"ofr81542 - 1981 - The U.S. Geological Survey Coal Hydrology Program and the potential of hydrologic models for impact assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr81542","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-542","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Coal Hydrology Program and the potential of hydrologic models for impact assessments","docAbstract":"A requirement of Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, is the understanding of the hydrology in actual and proposed surface-mined areas. Surface-water data for small specific-sites and for larger areas such as adjacent and general areas are needed also to satisfy the hydrologic requirements of the Act. The Act specifies that surface-water modeling techniques may be used to generate the data and information. The purpose of this report is to describe how this can be achieved for smaller watersheds. This report also characterizes 12 ' state-of-the-art ' strip-mining assessment models that are to be tested with data from two data-intensive studies involving small watersheds in Tennessee and Indiana. Watershed models are best applied to small watersheds with specific-site data. Extending the use of modeling techniques to larger watersheds remains relatively untested, and to date the upper limits for application have not been established. The U.S. Geological Survey is currently collecting regional hydrologic data in the major coal provinces of the United States and this data will be used to help satisfy the ' general-area ' data requirements of the Act. This program is reviewed and described in this report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81542","usgsCitation":"Doyle, W., 1981, The U.S. Geological Survey Coal Hydrology Program and the potential of hydrologic models for impact assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-542, v, 61 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81542.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0542/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36209,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0542/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, W. Harry","contributorId":32900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"W. 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1981 - Telluric profiling studies in the Penrose area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:59","indexId":"ofr81461","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-461","title":"Telluric profiling studies in the Penrose area, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81461","usgsCitation":"Christopherson, K.R., Nervick, K.H., and Heran, W.D., 1981, Telluric profiling studies in the Penrose area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-461, 10 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81461.","productDescription":"10 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0461/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35886,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0461/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopherson, Karen R.","contributorId":91092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopherson","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nervick, Kevin H.","contributorId":44533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nervick","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heran, William D. wheran@usgs.gov","contributorId":2246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heran","given":"William","email":"wheran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":157466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":8295,"text":"ofr811137 - 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