Groundwater models often serve as management tools to evaluate competing water uses including ecosystems, irrigated agriculture, industry, municipal supply, and others. Depletion potential mapping—showing the model-calculated potential impacts that wells have on stream baseflow—can form the basis for multiple potential management approaches in an oversubscribed basin. Specific management approaches can include scenarios proposed by stakeholders, systematic changes in well pumping based on depletion potential, and formal constrained optimization, which can be used to quantify the tradeoff between water use and stream baseflow. Variables such as the maximum amount of reduction allowed in each well and various groupings of wells using, for example, K-means clustering considering spatial proximity and depletion potential are considered. These approaches provide a potential starting point and guidance for resource managers and stakeholders to make decisions about groundwater management in a basin, spreading responsibility in different ways. We illustrate these approaches in the Little Plover River basin in central Wisconsin, United States—home to a rich agricultural tradition, with farmland and urban areas both in close proximity to a groundwater-dependent trout stream. Groundwater withdrawals have reduced baseflow supplying the Little Plover River below a legally established minimum. The techniques in this work were developed in response to engaged stakeholders with various interests and goals for the basin. They sought to develop a collaborative management plan at a watershed scale that restores the flow rate in the river in a manner that incorporates principles of shared governance and results in effective and minimally disruptive changes in groundwater extraction practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12536","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Bradbury, K.R., Kniffin, M., and Barlow, P.M., 2018, Depletion mapping and constrained optimization to support managing groundwater extraction: Groundwater, v. 56, no. 1, p. 18-31, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12536.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-084972","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a7e4b0764e6c5e883e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":177065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, Kenneth R.","contributorId":192713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradbury","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33612,"text":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, University of Wisconsin Extension, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kniffin, Maribeth","contributorId":190743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kniffin","given":"Maribeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188018,"text":"70188018 - 2018 - Evidence of sound production by spawning lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in lakes Huron and Champlain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T12:39:29","indexId":"70188018","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of sound production by spawning lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in lakes Huron and Champlain","title":"Evidence of sound production by spawning lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in lakes Huron and Champlain","docAbstract":"Two sounds associated with spawning lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in lakes Huron and Champlain were characterized by comparing sound recordings to behavioral data collected using acoustic telemetry and video. These sounds were named growls and snaps, and were heard on lake trout spawning reefs, but not on a non-spawning reef, and were more common at night than during the day. Growls also occurred more often during the spawning period than the pre-spawning period, while the trend for snaps was reversed. In a laboratory flume, sounds occurred when male lake trout were displaying spawning behaviors; growls when males were quivering and parallel swimming, and snaps when males moved their jaw. Combining our results with the observation of possible sound production by spawning splake (Salvelinus fontinalis × Salvelinus namaycush hybrid), provides rare evidence for spawning-related sound production by a salmonid, or any other fish in the superorder Protacanthopterygii. Further characterization of these sounds could be useful for lake trout assessment, restoration, and control.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2016-0511","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.S., Higgs, D., Binder, T., Marsden, J., Buchinger, T.J., Brege, L., Bruning, T., Farha, S., and Krueger, C., 2018, Evidence of sound production by spawning lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in lakes Huron and Champlain: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 75, no. 3, p. 429-438, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0511.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"438","ipdsId":"IP-085673","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/79579","text":"External Repository"},{"id":341809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Drummond Island Lake Trout Refuge, Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.692,\n 45.941\n ],\n [\n -83.619,\n 45.941\n ],\n [\n -83.619,\n 45.899\n ],\n [\n -83.692,\n 45.899\n ],\n [\n -83.692,\n 45.941\n \n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59293e8ee4b016f7a94076d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgs, Dennis","contributorId":192314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgs","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Binder, Thomas R.","contributorId":23056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsden, J. 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The work presented here extends the global crater distribution analysis to smaller craters (5–20 km diameters, n = 22,746). Smaller craters form at a higher rate than larger craters and thus add granularity to age estimates of larger units and can reveal smaller and younger areas of resurfacing. An areal density difference map generated by comparing the new dataset with that of Head et al., (2010) shows local deficiencies of 5–20 km diameter craters, which we interpret to be caused by a combination of resurfacing by the Orientale basin, infilling of intercrater plains within the nearside highlands, and partial mare flooding of the Australe region. Chains of 5–30 km diameter secondaries northwest of Orientale and possible 8–22 km diameter basin secondaries within the farside highlands are also distinguishable. Analysis of the new database indicates that craters 57–160 km in diameter across much of the lunar highlands are at or exceed relative crater densities of R = 0.3 or 10% geometric saturation, but nonetheless appear to fit the lunar production function. Combined with the observation that small craters on old surfaces can reach saturation equilibrium at 1% geometric saturation (Xiao and Werner, 2015), this suggests that saturation equilibrium is a size-dependent process, where large craters persist because of their resistance to destruction, degradation, and resurfacing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2017.05.006","usgsCitation":"Povilaitis, R.Z., Robinson, M.S., van der Bogert, C., Hiesinger, H., Meyer, H.M., and Ostrach, L.R., 2018, Crater density differences: Exploring regional resurfacing, secondary crater populations, and crater saturation equilibrium on the moon: Planetary and Space Science, v. 162, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2017.05.006.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-083999","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a3428e4b062508e36af4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Povilaitis, R. Z.","contributorId":193079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Povilaitis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M. S.","contributorId":193080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van der Bogert, C. H.","contributorId":193081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Bogert","given":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiesinger, Harald","contributorId":172686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiesinger","given":"Harald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27080,"text":"Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, H. M.","contributorId":193082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ostrach, Lillian R. 0000-0002-3107-7321 lostrach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-7321","contributorId":193078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrach","given":"Lillian","email":"lostrach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187603,"text":"gip176 - 2018 - Groundwater and streamflow information program Kansas Cooperative Water Science since 1895","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-26T11:42:14.849368","indexId":"gip176","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-10T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"176","displayTitle":"Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program Kansas Cooperative Water Science since 1895","title":"Groundwater and streamflow information program Kansas Cooperative Water Science since 1895","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State, local, and other Federal agencies, operates a network of streamgages throughout the State of Kansas. Data provided by this network are used to forecast floods, operate reservoirs, develop water policy, administer regulation of water, and perform interpretive analyses of streamflow. This data collection and analysis effort has been sustained since 1895 through cooperative matching fund programs that allow the USGS to work with cooperative agencies to solve groundwater and surface water challenges that affect citizens locally and throughout the Nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip176","usgsCitation":"Painter, C.C., Kramer, A.R., Kelly, B.P., and Davis, C.A., 2017, Groundwater and streamflow information program Kansas Cooperative Water Science since 1895 (ver. 2.0, May 2021): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 176, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip176.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Version History","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086353","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0176/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.60 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"GIP 176 Version History"},{"id":385792,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0176/gip176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.45 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U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
In many lotic systems, drastic declines in freshwater bivalve populations, including fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), have created concerns about biodiversity and future ecosystem services. We examined the local occurrence of the historically common fingernail clam, Sphaerium striatinum, in a central New York stream. We sampled the density of sphaeriids and measured the associated habitat variables (substrate, depth, water flow) to test within-stream multivariate benthic microhabitat association. Size distribution, density, and diel feeding periodicity were measured as focal aspects of fingernail clam biology and ecology. S. striatinum tended to be found in microhabitats that had harder substrates and faster flow. The Labrador Creek fingernail clam local population had positive indicators (size distribution, density). There was significant diel periodicity in feeding behavior. The clams fed most actively during the 0400–0800 h periods. This kind of behavioral periodicity can indicate a significant ecological interaction between predators and bivalve prey. Increased understanding of the behavioral ecology of small native freshwater bivalves in an unimpacted headwater stream is a fundamental building block for development of overall ecological conservation goals for freshwater bivalves and their lotic habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-017-3177-4","usgsCitation":"Dittman, D.E., Johnson, J.H., and Nack, C.C., 2018, Microhabitat and biology of Sphaerium striatinum in a central New York stream: Hydrobiologia, v. 810, no. 1, p. 367-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3177-4.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"374","ipdsId":"IP-077198","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3177-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","volume":"810","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d536e4b0e541a03d4519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dittman, Dawn E. 0000-0002-0711-3732 ddittman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-3732","contributorId":2762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"Dawn","email":"ddittman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nack, Christopher C.","contributorId":66137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nack","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187553,"text":"gip175 - 2018 - Science programs in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T21:29:09.674835","indexId":"gip175","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"175","displayTitle":"Science Programs in Kansas","title":"Science programs in Kansas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a non-regulatory Earth science agency within the Department of the Interior that provides impartial scientific information to describe and understand the health of our ecosystems and environment; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect our quality of life. The USGS cooperates with Federal, State, tribal, and local agencies in Kansas to deliver long-term data in real-time and interpretive reports describing what those data mean to the public and resource management agencies. USGS science programs in Kansas provide real-time groundwater monitoring at more than 19 locations; streamflow monitoring at more than 216 locations; water-quality and trends in the Little Arkansas and Kansas Rivers; inflows and outflows of sediment to/from reservoirs and in streams; harmful algal bloom research in the Kansas River, Milford Lake, and Cheney Reservoir; water-quantity and water-quality effects of artificial groundwater recharge for the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project near Wichita, Kansas; compilation of Kansas municipal and irrigation water-use data statewide; the occurrence, effects, and movement of environmental pesticides, antibiotics, algal toxins, and taste-and-odor compounds; and funding to the Kansas Water Resources Research Institute to further research and education through Kansas universities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip175","usgsCitation":"Kramer, A.R., and Kelly, B.P., 2017, Science programs in Kansas (ver. 1.4, December 2022): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 175, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip175.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086393","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410196,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0175/gip175.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 175"},{"id":368341,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0175/coverthb5.jpg"},{"id":368329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0175/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"2.79 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U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center (NMIC) is the U.S. Government agency tasked with the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information on the production, consumption, import, export, and other measures of the flows of non-fuel mineral commodities of importance to the U.S. economy and national security. The NMIC and its agency predecessors have maintained a database of this information, collected and published annually, dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Time series analysis of annual information from the NMIC provides the opportunity to identify trends in the supply chains of the minerals and metals which are increasingly in demand for advanced technologies. The identification of trends in data for net import reliance, country concentration of production, global demand, price volatility, and other measures, when combined with world governance indicators, can be used to focus attention on individual mineral commodities where supply chain restrictions may develop. Specific examples for U.S. net import reliance, global tantalum primary mining, and mineral criticality screening are presented to illustrate the utility of time series analysis of trends in mineral commodity supply and demand, the types of data required, and the limitations of currently available information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-017-9340-9","usgsCitation":"Fortier, S.M., Thomas, C.L., McCullough, E.A., and Tolcin, A., 2018, Global trends in mineral commodities for advanced technologies: Natural Resources Research, v. 27, p. 191-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-017-9340-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"200","ipdsId":"IP-086414","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fortier, Steven M. 0000-0001-8123-5749","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-5749","contributorId":202406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortier","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Christine Lyn 0000-0002-1391-6072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-6072","contributorId":258823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCullough, Erin A. 0000-0002-9072-7021 emccullough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9072-7021","contributorId":196629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Erin","email":"emccullough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":816553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tolcin, Amy 0000-0001-9447-2444 atolcin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-2444","contributorId":213768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolcin","given":"Amy","email":"atolcin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187110,"text":"70187110 - 2018 - Fungal endophytes from seeds of invasive, non-native Phragmites australis and their potential role in germination and seedling growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T15:42:32","indexId":"70187110","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fungal endophytes from seeds of invasive, non-native Phragmites australis and their potential role in germination and seedling growth","docAbstract":"Background and aims
We characterized fungal endophytes of seeds of invasive, non-native Phragmites from three sites in the Great Lakes region to determine if fungal symbiosis could contribute to invasiveness through their effects on seed germination and seedling growth.
Methods
Field-collected seeds were surface sterilized and plated on agar to culture endophytes for ITS sequencing. Prevalence of specific endophytes from germinated and non-germinated seeds, and from seedlings, was compared.
Results
One-third of 740 seeds yielded endophyte isolates. Fifteen taxa were identified with Alternaria sp. representing 54% of all isolates followed by Phoma sp. (21%) and Penicillium corylophilum (12%). Overall germination of seeds producing an isolate (36%) was significantly higher than seeds not producing an isolate (20%). Penicillium in particular was strongly associated with increased germination of seeds from one site. Sixty-three isolates and 11 taxa were also obtained from 30 seedlings where Phoma, Penicillium and Alternaria respectively were most prevalent. There was a significant effect of isolating an endophyte from the seed on seedling growth.
Conclusions
These results suggest that many endophyte taxa are transmitted in seeds and can increase seed germination and seedling growth of invasive Phragmites. The role of fungal endophytes in host establishment, growth and invasiveness in nature requires further research.
Fidelity to spawning habitats can maximise reproductive success of fish by synchronising movements to sites of previous recruitment. To determine the role of reproductive fidelity in structuring walleye Sander vitreus populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, we used acoustic telemetry combined with Cormack–Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models to estimate spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival for the Tittabawassee River in Lake Huron and Maumee River in Lake Erie. Walleye in spawning condition were tagged from the Tittabawassee River in Lake Huron and Maumee River in Lake Erie in 2011–2012. Site fidelity and apparent annual survival were estimated from return of individuals to the stream where tagged. Site fidelity estimates were higher in the Tittabawassee River (95%) than the Maumee River (70%) and were not related to sex or fish length at tagging. Apparent annual survival of walleye tagged in the Tittabawassee did not differ among spawning seasons but was higher for female than male walleye and decreased linearly as fish length increased. Apparent annual survival of walleye tagged in the Maumee River did not differ among spawning seasons but was higher for female walleye than male walleye and increased linearly as fish length increased. Greater fidelity of walleye tagged in the Tittabawassee River than walleye tagged in the Maumee River may be related to the close proximity to the Maumee River of other spawning aggregations and multiple spawning sites in Lake Erie. As spawning site fidelity increases, management actions to conserve population structure require an increasing focus on individual stocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12350","usgsCitation":"Hayden, T.A., Binder, T., Holbrook, C., Vandergoot, C., Fielder, D.G., Cooke, S., Dettmers, J.M., and Krueger, C., 2018, Spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival of walleye (Sander vitreus) differ between a Lake Huron and Lake Erie tributary: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 27, no. 1, p. 339-349, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12350.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"349","ipdsId":"IP-083488","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.5,\n 43.4\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 43.4\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 44.2\n ],\n [\n -84.5,\n 44.2\n ],\n [\n -84.5,\n 43.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.7,\n 41.55\n ],\n [\n -83.3,\n 41.55\n ],\n [\n -83.3,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -83.7,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -83.7,\n 41.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0e9be4b006455f2d61b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayden, Todd A. 0000-0002-0451-0425 thayden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-0425","contributorId":5987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayden","given":"Todd","email":"thayden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binder, Thomas 0000-0001-9266-9120 tbinder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-9120","contributorId":4958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas","email":"tbinder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher 0000-0003-4128-3329 cvandergoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-3329","contributorId":178356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"cvandergoot@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fielder, David G.","contributorId":127528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fielder","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettmers, John M.","contributorId":191256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettmers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":67821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70186978,"text":"70186978 - 2018 - Rapid evolution meets invasive species control: The potential for pesticide resistance in sea lamprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T14:40:09","indexId":"70186978","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid evolution meets invasive species control: The potential for pesticide resistance in sea lamprey","docAbstract":"Rapid evolution of pest, pathogen and wildlife populations can have undesirable effects; for example, when insects evolve resistance to pesticides or fishes evolve smaller body size in response to harvest. A destructive invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) has been controlled with the pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) since the 1950s. We evaluated the likelihood of sea lamprey evolving resistance to TFM by (1) reviewing sea lamprey life history and control; (2) identifying physiological and behavioural resistance strategies; (3) estimating the strength of selection from TFM; (4) assessing the timeline for evolution; and (5) analyzing historical toxicity data for evidence of resistance. The number of sea lamprey generations exposed to TFM was within the range observed for fish populations where rapid evolution has occurred. Mortality from TFM was estimated as 82-90%, suggesting significant selective pressure. However, 57 years of toxicity data revealed no increase in lethal concentrations of TFM. Vigilance and the development of alternative controls are required to prevent this aquatic invasive species from evolving strategies to evade control.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0015","usgsCitation":"Dunlop, E.S., McLaughlin, R.L., Adams, J.V., Jones, M., Birceanu, O., Christie, M.R., Criger, L.A., Hinderer, J., Hollingworth, R.M., Johnson, N., Lantz, S.R., Li, W., Miller, J.R., Morrison, B.J., Mota-Sanchez, D., Muir, A.M., Sepulveda, M.S., Steeves, T.B., Walter, L., Westman, E., Wirgin, I., and Wilkie, M.P., 2018, Rapid evolution meets invasive species control: The potential for pesticide resistance in sea lamprey: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 75, no. 1, p. 152-168, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0015.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-071542","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0015","text":"Publisher Index 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Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birceanu, 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M.","contributorId":191038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollingworth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lantz, Stephen R.","contributorId":191039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantz","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":126748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miller, James R.","contributorId":191040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Morrison, Bruce J.","contributorId":150824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Mota-Sanchez, 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Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Walter, Lisa","contributorId":191043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Westman, Erin","contributorId":191044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westman","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wirgin, Isaac","contributorId":138929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wirgin","given":"Isaac","affiliations":[{"id":12583,"text":"New York University School of Medicine Tuxedo, New York, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Wilkie, Michael P.","contributorId":191045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkie","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70216316,"text":"70216316 - 2018 - Interoperability in planetary research for geospatial data analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T15:52:00.197038","indexId":"70216316","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-13T09:43:43","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interoperability in planetary research for geospatial data analysis","docAbstract":"For more than a decade there has been a push in the planetary science community to support interoperable methods for accessing and working with geospatial data. Common geospatial data products for planetary research include image mosaics, digital elevation or terrain models, geologic maps, geographic location databases (e.g., craters, volcanoes) or any data that can be tied to the surface of a planetary body (including moons, comets or asteroids). Several U.S. and international cartographic research institutions have converged on mapping standards that embrace standardized geospatial image formats, geologic mapping conventions, U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) cartographic and metadata standards, and notably on-line mapping services as defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The latter includes defined standards such as the OGC Web Mapping Services (simple image maps), Web Map Tile Services (cached image tiles), Web Feature Services (feature streaming), Web Coverage Services (rich scientific data streaming), and Catalog Services for the Web (data searching and discoverability). While these standards were developed for application to Earth-based data, they can be just as valuable for planetary domain. Another initiative, called VESPA (Virtual European Solar and Planetary Access), will marry several of the above geoscience standards and astronomy-based standards as defined by International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). This work outlines the current state of interoperability initiatives in use or in the process of being researched within the planetary geospatial community.
Belize contains important habitat for Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) and provides refuge for the highest known population density of this subspecies. As these animals face impending threats, knowledge of their dietary habits can be used to interpret resource utilization. The contents of 13 mouth, 6 digestive tract (stomach, duodenum and colon), and 124 fecal samples were microscopically examined using a modified point technique detection protocol to identify key plant species consumed by manatees at two important aggregation sites in Belize: Southern Lagoon and the Drowned Cayes. Overall, 15 different items were identified in samples from manatees in Belize. Five species of seagrasses (Halodule wrightii, Thalassia testudinum, Ruppia maritima, Syringodium filiforme, and Halophila sp.) made up the highest percentage of items. The red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), was also identified as an important food item. Algae (Ulva sp., Chara sp., Lyngbya sp.) and invertebrates (sponges and diatoms) were also consumed. Variation in the percentage of seagrasses, other vascular plants, and algae consumption was analyzed as a 4-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with main effects and interactions for locality, sex, size classification, and season. While sex and season did not influence diet composition, differences for locality and size classification were observed. These results suggest that analysis of diet composition of Antillean manatees may help to determine critical habitat and use of associated food resources which, in turn can be used to aid conservation efforts in Belize.
","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","doi":"10.1017/S0025315417000182","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.C., Beck, C.A., Bonde, R.K., Powell, J.A., and Gomez, N.A., 2018, Diet of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Belize, Central America: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v. 98, no. 7, p. 1831-1840, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000182.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1831","endPage":"1840","ipdsId":"IP-078899","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belize","volume":"98","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a540e4b09da6799d639b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Aarin Conrad","contributorId":139671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Aarin","email":"","middleInitial":"Conrad","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Cathy A. 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":2919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, James A.","contributorId":190683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomez, Nicole Auil","contributorId":40465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"Auil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70186327,"text":"70186327 - 2018 - Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T14:34:38","indexId":"70186327","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5362,"text":"Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia","docAbstract":"Groundwater/surface-water exchanges in streams are inexorably linked to adjacent aquifer dynamics. As surface-water temperatures continue to increase with climate warming, refugia created by groundwater connectivity is expected to enable cold water fish species to survive. The shallow alluvial aquifers that source groundwater seepage to headwater streams, however, may also be sensitive to seasonal and long-term air temperature dynamics. Depth to bedrock can directly influence shallow aquifer flow and thermal sensitivity, but is typically ill-defined along the stream corridor in steep mountain catchments. We employ rapid, cost-effective passive seismic measurements to evaluate the variable thickness of the shallow colluvial and alluvial aquifer sediments along a headwater stream supporting cold water-dependent brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Shenandoah National Park, VA, USA. Using a mean depth to bedrock of 2.6 m, numerical models predicted strong sensitivity of shallow aquifer temperature to the downward propagation of surface heat. The annual temperature dynamics (annual signal amplitude attenuation and phase shift) of potential seepage sourced from the shallow modeled aquifer were compared to several years of paired observed stream and air temperature records. Annual stream water temperature patterns were found to lag local air temperature by ∼8–19 d along the stream corridor, indicating that thermal exchange between the stream and shallow groundwater is spatially variable. Locations with greater annual signal phase lag were also associated with locally increased amplitude attenuation, further suggestion of year-round buffering of channel water temperature by groundwater seepage. Numerical models of shallow groundwater temperature that incorporate regional expected climate warming trends indicate that the summer cooling capacity of this groundwater seepage will be reduced over time, and lower-elevation stream sections may no longer serve as larger-scale climate refugia for cold water fish species, even with strong groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Lane, J.W., Snyder, C.D., White, E.A., Johnson, Z., Nelms, D.L., and Hitt, N.P., 2018, Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia: Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, v. 68, p. 142-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"156","ipdsId":"IP-081517","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IJMGIB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Passive seismic data collected along headwater stream corridors in Shenandoah National Park in 2016 - 2020"},{"id":438091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JW8C04","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seismic data for study of shallow mountain bedrock limits seepage-based headwater climate refugia, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia"},{"id":438090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TD9VFS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Temperature data for study of shallow mountain bedrock limits seepage-based headwater climate refugia, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia"},{"id":339122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b0e4b09da679997770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Craig D. 0000-0002-3448-597X csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":688333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Zachary 0000-0002-0149-5223 zjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-5223","contributorId":190399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Zachary","email":"zjohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70219130,"text":"70219130 - 2018 - Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones: Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T13:22:16.408161","indexId":"70219130","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-25T08:17:22","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones: Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology","docAbstract":"Pore-evolution models from immature organic-matter (OM) -rich Barnett (0.42%Ro) and Woodford (0.49%Ro) mudstones were compared with models previously developed from low-maturity OM-lean Boquillas (Eagle Ford-equivalent) mudstones to investigate whether (1) different mineralogy (siliceous vs. calcareous) exerts different catalytic and sorption effects and influences OM-pore origin and evolution; and (2) different types of macerals show different OM pore evolution history. Laboratory gold-tube pyrolysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thin-section petrography, organic petrography, and geochemical characterization were used to investigate the role of bulk mineralogy, maceral type, and thermal maturation on OM-pore evolution. Results suggest that mineralogy has little impact on OM-pore development and evolution. Macerals, identified using both SEM (platy OM, particulate OM, organic–mineral admixtures, Tasmanites) and organic petrology (vitrinite, inertinite, amorphous organic matter [AOM]/bituminite, telalginite [Leiosphaeridia, Tasmanites]), do affect the origin and evolution of OM pores owing to differences in chemical compositions, generation kinetics, and activation-energy distributions between Tasmanites, matrix bituminite, and other types of macerals. Leiosphaeridia and Tasmanites in Woodford mudstone samples exhibit a delay in onset and a shorter period of petroleum generation and pore development compared to the matrix bituminite in the Barnett and Woodford mudstone samples. Pre-oil solid bitumen was observed to have migrated into initial primary mineral pore networks at the bitumen generation stage in both Barnett and Woodford samples. At higher levels of thermal maturation, the volume of primary mineral pores decreases and the pore volume composed of modified mineral pores and OM pores becomes greater. Pore evolution and pore-type heterogeneity in these mudstones is a function of the initial mineral pore network, types of kerogen and macerals, and generation kinetics of individual macerals upon thermal maturation.
Piston core TN062-O550, collected about 33 km offshore of Eureka, California, contains a high-resolution record of the climate and oceanography of coastal northernmost California during the past ∼7.34 kyr. Chronology established by nine AMS ages on a combination of planktic foraminifers, bivalve shell fragments, and wood yields a mean sedimentation rate of 103 cm kyr−1. Marine proxies (diatoms and silicoflagellates) and pollen transported by the nearby Eel River reveal a stepwise development of both modern offshore surface water oceanography and coastal arboreal ecosystems. Beginning at ∼5.4 cal ka the relative abundance of coastal redwood pollen, a proxy for coastal fog, displays a two fold increase suggesting enhanced coastal upwelling. A decline in the relative contribution of subtropical diatoms at ∼5.0 cal ka implies cooling of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). At ∼3.6 cal ka an increase in the relative abundance of alder and oak at the expense of coastal redwood likely signals intensified riverine transport of pollen from inland environments. Cooler offshore SSTs and increased precipitation characterize the interval between ∼3.6 and 2.8 cal ka. A rapid, stepwise change in coastal climatology and oceanography occurs between ∼2.8 and 2.6 cal ka that suggests an enhanced expression of modern Pacific Decadal Oscillation-like (PDO) cycles. A three-fold increase in the relative abundance of the subtropical diatom Fragilariopsis doliolus at 2.8 cal ka appears to mark an abrupt warming of winter SSTs. Soon afterwards at 2.6 cal ka, a two fold increase in the relative abundance of coastal redwood pollen is suggestive of an abrupt intensification of spring upwelling. After ∼2.8 cal ka a sequence of cool-warm, PDO-like cycles occurs wherein cool cycles are characterized by relative abundance increases in coastal redwood pollen and decreased contributions of subtropical diatoms, whereas opposite proxy trends distinguish warm cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.039","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Bukry, D., Heusser, L.E., Addison, J.A., and Alexander, C.R., 2018, High-resolution climate of the past ∼7300 years of coastal northernmost California: Results from diatoms, silicoflagellates, and pollen: Quaternary International, v. 469, no. B, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.039.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","ipdsId":"IP-072222","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"469","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d3ce4b01dfadfff1529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heusser, Linda E.","contributorId":178365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heusser","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28041,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alexander, Clark R. Jr.","contributorId":178366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Clark","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":28042,"text":"Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, GA 31411","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179784,"text":"70179784 - 2018 - Disease protection and allelopathic interactions of seed-transmitted endophytic pseudomonads of invasive reed grass (Phragmites australis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T15:44:52","indexId":"70179784","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disease protection and allelopathic interactions of seed-transmitted endophytic pseudomonads of invasive reed grass (Phragmites australis)","docAbstract":"Background and aims
Non-native Phragmites australis (haplotype M) is an invasive grass that decreases biodiversity and produces dense stands. We hypothesized that seeds of Phragmites carry microbes that improve seedling growth, defend against pathogens and maximize capacity of seedlings to compete with other plants.
Methods
We isolated bacteria from seeds of Phragmites, then evaluated representatives for their capacities to become intracellular in root cells, and their effects on: 1.) germination rates and seedling growth, 2.) susceptibility to damping-off disease, and 3.) mortality and growth of competitor plant seedlings (dandelion (Taraxacum officionale F. H. Wigg) and curly dock (Rumex crispus L.)).
Results
Ten strains (of 23 total) were identified and characterized; seven were identified as Pseudomonas spp. Strains Sandy LB4 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and West 9 (Pseudomonas sp.) entered root meristems and became intracellular. These bacteria improved seed germination in Phragmites and increased seedling root branching in Poa annua. They increased plant growth and protected plants from damping off disease. Sandy LB4 increased mortality and reduced growth rates in seedlings of dandelion and curly dock.
Conclusions
Phragmites plants associate with endophytes to increase growth and disease resistance, and release bacteria into the soil to create an environment that is favorable to their seedlings and less favorable to competitor plants.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., and Purcell, M.K., 2018, Herring Disease Program – Herring Disease Program II, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-094651","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361354,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/Store/AnnualReports/2017-17120111E-Annual.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760 phershberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":150816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195495,"text":"70195495 - 2018 - Direct and indirect controls on organic matter decomposition in four coastal wetland communities along a landscape salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T10:21:02","indexId":"70195495","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct and indirect controls on organic matter decomposition in four coastal wetland communities along a landscape salinity gradient","docAbstract":"Many species living in deeper lentic ecosystems exhibit daily movements that cycle through the water column, generally referred to as diel vertical migration (DVM). In this study, we applied bioenergetics modelling to evaluate growth as a hypothesis to explain DVM by bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a thermally stratified reservoir (Ross Lake, WA, USA) during the peak of thermal stratification in July and August. Bioenergetics model parameters were derived from observed vertical distributions of temperature, prey and bull trout. Field sampling confirmed that bull trout prey almost exclusively on recently introduced redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus). Model predictions revealed that deeper (>25 m) DVMs commonly exhibited by bull trout during peak thermal stratification cannot be explained by maximising growth. Survival, another common explanation for DVM, may have influenced bull trout depth use, but observations suggest there may be additional drivers of DVM. We propose these deeper summertime excursions may be partly explained by an alternative hypothesis: the importance of colder water for gametogenesis. In Ross Lake, reliance of bull trout on warm water prey (redside shiner) for consumption and growth poses a potential trade-off with the need for colder water for gametogenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12321","usgsCitation":"Eckmann, M., Dunham, J.B., Connor, E.J., and Welch, C.A., 2018, Bioenergetic evaluation of diel vertical migration by bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a thermally stratified reservoir: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 27, no. 1, p. 30-43, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12321.","startPage":"30","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-062351","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Ross Lake, North Cascades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.03363037109374,\n 48.82268881260476\n ],\n 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Contributions by experts summarize key concepts, orient the reader to the major issues, and support further research on such issues by individuals and multidisciplinary teams. The Wetland Book 1 is organized in three parts - Wetland structure and function; Wetland management; and Wetland methods - each of which is divided into a number of thematic sections. Each section starts with one or more overview chapters, supported by chapters providing further information and case studies on different aspects of the theme.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Wetland Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-9659-3_356","isbn":"978-94-007-6172-8","usgsCitation":"Davidson, N.C., Middleton, B.A., McInnes, R.J., Everard, M., Irvine, K., Van Dam, A., and Finlayson, C., 2018, Introduction to the Wetland Book 1: Wetland structure and function, management, and nethods, chap. of The Wetland Book, p. 3-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9659-3_356.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-079069","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb7e4b0d1f9f065a896","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Finlayson, C. 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However, the thermal response of a stream to warming climate conditions could be affected by the flow regime of each stream, mitigating the effects on smallmouth bass populations. We developed bioenergetics models to compare change in smallmouth bass growth rate potential (GRP) from present to future projected monthly stream temperatures across two flow regimes: runoff and groundwater-dominated. Seasonal differences in GRP between stream types were then compared. The models were developed for fourteen streams within the Ozark–Ouachita Interior Highlands in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missouri, USA, which contain smallmouth bass. In our simulations, smallmouth bass mean GRP during summer months decreased by 0.005 g g−1 day−1 in runoff streams and 0.002 g g−1 day−1 in groundwater streams by the end of century. Mean GRP during winter, fall and early spring increased under future climate conditions within both stream types (e.g., 0.00019 g g−1 day−1 in runoff and 0.0014 g g−1 day−1 in groundwater streams in spring months). We found significant differences in change in GRP between runoff and groundwater streams in three seasons in end-of-century simulations (spring, summer and fall). Potential differences in stream temperature across flow regimes could be an important habitat component to consider when investigating effects of climate change as fishes from various flow regimes that are relatively close geographically could be affected differently by warming climate conditions.
The economy of the Khorezm Province in Uzbekistan relies on the large-scale agricultural production of cotton. To sustain their staple crop, water from the Amu Darya is diverted for irrigation through canal systems constructed during the early to mid-twentieth century when this region was part of the Soviet Union. These diversions severely reduce river flow to the Aral Sea. The Province has >400 small shallow (<3 m deep) lakes that may have originated because of this intensive irrigation. Sediment cores were collected from 12 lakes to elucidate their origin because this knowledge is critical to understanding water use in Khorezm. Core chronological data indicate that the majority of the lakes investigated are less than 150 years old, which supports a recent origin of the lakes. The thickness of lacustrine sediments in the cores analyzed ranged from 20 to 60 cm in all but two of the lakes, indicating a relatively slow sedimentation rate and a relatively short-term history for the lakes. Hydrologic changes in the lakes are evident from loss on ignition and pollen analyses of a subset of the lake cores. The data indicate that the lakes have transitioned from a dry, saline, arid landscape during pre-lake conditions (low organic carbon content) and low pollen concentrations (in the basal sediments) to the current freshwater lakes (high organic content), with abundant freshwater pollen taxa over the last 50–70 years. Sediments at the base of the cores contain pollen taxa dominated by Chenopodiaceae and Tamarix, indicating that the vegetation growing nearby was tolerant to arid saline conditions. The near surface sediments of the cores are dominated by Typha/Sparganium, which indicate freshwater conditions. Increases in pollen of weeds and crop plants indicate an intensification of agricultural activities since the 1950s in the watersheds of the lakes analyzed. Pesticide profiles of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its degradates and γ-HCH (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), which were used during the Soviet era, show peak concentrations in the top 10 cm of some of the cores, where estimated ages of the sediments (1950–1990) are associated with peak pesticide use during the Soviet era. These data indicate that the lakes are relatively young (mostly <150 years old) and that without irrigation and canal inputs from the Amu Darya, the lakes would not exist as freshwater lakes.
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