{"pageNumber":"918","pageRowStart":"22925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70032093,"text":"70032093 - 2008 - Variations in pesticide leaching related to land use, pesticide properties, and unsaturated zone thickness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:42:15.544253","indexId":"70032093","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in pesticide leaching related to land use, pesticide properties, and unsaturated zone thickness","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pesticide leaching through variably thick soils beneath agricultural fields in Morgan Creek, Maryland was simulated for water years 1995 to 2004 using LEACHM (Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model). Fifteen individual models were constructed to simulate five depths and three crop rotations with associated pesticide applications. Unsaturated zone thickness averaged 4.7 m but reached a maximum of 18.7 m. Average annual recharge to ground water decreased from 15.9 to 11.1 cm as the unsaturated zone increased in thickness from 1 to 10 m. These point estimates of recharge are at the lower end of previously published values, which used methods that integrate over larger areas capturing focused recharge in the numerous detention ponds in the watershed. The total amount of applied and leached masses for five parent pesticide compounds and seven metabolites were estimated for the 32-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;Morgan Creek watershed by associating each hectare to the closest one-dimensional model analog of model depth and crop rotation scenario as determined from land-use surveys. LEACHM parameters were set such that branched, serial, first-order decay of pesticides and metabolites was realistically simulated. Leaching is predicted to be greatest for shallow soils and for persistent compounds with low sorptivity. Based on simulation results, percent parent compounds leached within the watershed can be described by a regression model of the form e</span><sup>&minus;depth</sup><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;ln t</span><sup>&frac12;</sup><span>&minus;b ln K</span><sub>OC</sub><span>) where&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>1/2</sup><span>&nbsp;is the degradation half-life in aerobic soils,&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>OC</sub><span>&nbsp;is the organic carbon normalized sorption coefficient, and&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;are fitted coefficients (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.86,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;value = 7 &times; 10</span><sup>&minus;9</sup><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0245","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Wieczorek, M., Nolan, B.T., Hancock, T., Sandstrom, M.W., Barbash, J., Bayless, E., Healy, R.W., and Linard, J., 2008, Variations in pesticide leaching related to land use, pesticide properties, and unsaturated zone thickness: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1145-1157, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0245.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1157","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0245"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc183e4b08c986b32a5f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, M.E.","contributorId":79260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hancock, T.C.","contributorId":74206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bayless, E.R.","contributorId":67639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Linard, J.","contributorId":107120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032127,"text":"70032127 - 2008 - Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:57:34","indexId":"70032127","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of streambed water flux are needed for the interpretation of streambed chemistry and reactions. Continuous temperature and head monitoring in stream reaches within four agricultural watersheds (Leary Weber Ditch, IN; Maple Creek, NE; DR2 Drain, WA; and Merced River, CA) allowed heat to be used as a tracer to study the temporal and spatial variability of fluxes through the streambed. Synoptic methods (seepage meter and differential discharge measurements) were compared with estimates obtained by using heat as a tracer. Water flux was estimated by modeling one-dimensional vertical flow of water and heat using the model VS2DH. Flux was influenced by physical heterogeneity of the stream channel and temporal variability in stream and ground-water levels. During most of the study period (April–December 2004), flux was upward through the streambeds. At the IN, NE, and CA sites, high-stage events resulted in rapid reversal of flow direction inducing short-term surface-water flow into the streambed. During late summer at the IN site, regional ground-water levels dropped, leading to surface-water loss to ground water that resulted in drying of the ditch. Synoptic measurements of flux generally supported the model flux estimates. Water flow through the streambed was roughly an order of magnitude larger in the humid basins (IN and NE) than in the arid basins (WA and CA). Downward flux, in response to sudden high streamflows, and seasonal variability in flux was most pronounced in the humid basins and in high conductivity zones in the streambed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0448","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., Zamora, C., McCarthy, K.A., Vogel, J.R., and Wilson, J., 2008, Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1010-1023, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1010","endPage":"1023","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc05be4b08c986b32a09d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zamora, C.M.","contributorId":34343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032995,"text":"70032995 - 2008 - Prevalence of Influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds in Alaska: Patterns of variation in detection at a crossroads of intercontinental flyways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T21:31:31.427369","indexId":"70032995","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3697,"text":"Virology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of Influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds in Alaska: Patterns of variation in detection at a crossroads of intercontinental flyways","docAbstract":"<p>Background. The global spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has stimulated interest in a better understanding of the mechanisms of H5N1 dispersal, including the potential role of migratory birds as carriers. Although wild birds have been found dead during H5N1 outbreaks, evidence suggests that others have survived natural infections, and recent studies have shown several species of ducks capable of surviving experimental inoculations of H5N1 and shedding virus. To investigate the possibility of migratory birds as a means of H5N1 dispersal into North America, we monitored for the virus in a surveillance program based on the risk that wild birds may carry the virus from Asia. Results. Of 16,797 birds sampled in Alaska between May 2006 and March 2007, low pathogenic avian influenza viruses were detected in 1.7% by rRT-PCR but no highly pathogenic viruses were found. Our data suggest that prevalence varied among sampling locations, species (highest in waterfowl, lowest in passerines), ages (juveniles higher than adults), sexes (males higher than females), date (highest in autumn), and analytical technique (rRT-PCR prevalence = 1.7%; virus isolation prevalence = 1.5%). Conclusion. The prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds depends on biological, temporal, and geographical factors, as well as testing methods. Future studies should control for, or sample across, these sources of variation to allow direct comparison of prevalence rates. ?? 2008 Ip et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1743-422X-5-71","issn":"1743422X","usgsCitation":"Ip, S., Flint, P.L., Franson, J., Dusek, R., Derksen, D.V., Gill, R., Ely, C.R., Pearce, J.M., Lanctot, R., Matsuoka, S.M., Irons, D., Fischer, J., Oates, R., Petersen, M.R., Fondell, T., Rocque, D., Pedersen, J., and Rothe, T., 2008, Prevalence of Influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds in Alaska: Patterns of variation in detection at a crossroads of intercontinental flyways: Virology Journal, v. 5, no. 71, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-5-71.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology 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,{"id":70031857,"text":"70031857 - 2008 - The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T15:30:56","indexId":"70031857","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The relative abundance of three species of low-oxygen tolerant benthic foraminifers, the PEB index, in foraminiferal assemblages from sediment cores is used to trace the history of low-oxygen bottom-water conditions on the Louisiana shelf. Analyses of a network of box cores indicate that the modern zone of chronic seasonal hypoxia off the Mississippi Delta began to develop around 1920 and was well established by 1960. The pattern of development over the last century is consistent with the interpretation that the formation of modern chronic hypoxia is related to anthropogenic activities resulting in increased transport of nutrients to the Louisiana shelf.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The PEB index in two gravity- and box core pairs (MRD05-4 and 05-6) indicates that low-oxygen bottom-water events have occurred periodically on the Louisiana Shelf for at least the last 1000 14C years. The pre-1900 low-oxygen bottom-water events are likely caused by intervals of increased Mississippi River discharge and widespread wetland export. The PEB record in gravity cores indicates that the pre-1900 low-oxygen bottom-water events were not as well developed or as geographically extensive as the modern hypoxia zone. We conclude that the development of low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf is a natural process that has been negatively modified by human activities in the last 100 years.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.10.005","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L., Poore, R., and Swarzenski, P., 2008, The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 66, no. 3-4, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.10.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214836,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.10.005"},{"id":242588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,28.0 ], [ -94.0,30.0 ], [ -89.5,30.0 ], [ -89.5,28.0 ], [ -94.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad81e4b08c986b323c60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030676,"text":"70030676 - 2008 - An assessment of the effects of cell size on AGNPS modeling of watershed runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030676","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of the effects of cell size on AGNPS modeling of watershed runoff","docAbstract":"This study investigates the changes in simulated watershed runoff from the Agricultural NonPoint Source (AGNPS) pollution model as a function of model input cell size resolution for eight different cell sizes (30 m, 60 m, 120 m, 210 m, 240 m, 480 m, 960 m, and 1920 m) for the Little River Watershed (Georgia, USA). Overland cell runoff (area-weighted cell runoff), total runoff volume, clustering statistics, and hot spot patterns were examined for the different cell sizes and trends identified. Total runoff volumes decreased with increasing cell size. Using data sets of 210-m cell size or smaller in conjunction with a representative watershed boundary allows one to model the runoff volumes within 0.2 percent accuracy. The runoff clustering statistics decrease with increasing cell size; a cell size of 960 m or smaller is necessary to indicate significant high-runoff clustering. Runoff hot spot areas have a decreasing trend with increasing cell size; a cell size of 240 m or smaller is required to detect important hot spots. Conclusions regarding cell size effects on runoff estimation cannot be applied to local watershed areas due to the inconsistent changes of runoff volume with cell size; but, optimal cells sizes for clustering and hot spot analyses are applicable to local watershed areas due to the consistent trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/152304008786140542","issn":"15230","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., Usery, E., Finn, M., and Bosch, D., 2008, An assessment of the effects of cell size on AGNPS modeling of watershed runoff: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 35, no. 4, p. 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304008786140542.","startPage":"265","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304008786140542"},{"id":239427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea18e4b0c8380cd4861f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.-S.","contributorId":51714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bosch, D.D.","contributorId":10223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031917,"text":"70031917 - 2008 - Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:37:14","indexId":"70031917","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the Western United States","docAbstract":"Observations have shown that the hydrological cycle of the western United States changed significantly over the last half of the 20th century. We present a regional, multivariable climate change detection and attribution study, using a high-resolution hydrologic model forced by global climate models, focusing on the changes that have already affected this primarily arid region with a large and growing population. The results show that up to 60% of the climate-related trends of river flow, winter air temperature, and snow pack between 1950 and 1999 are human-induced. These results are robust to perturbation of study variates and methods. They portend, in conjunction with previous work, a coming crisis in water supply for the western United States.","language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1152538","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Barnett, T., Pierce, D., Hidalgo, H., Bonfils, C., Santer, B., Das, T., Bala, G., Wood, A., Nozawa, T., Mirin, A., Cayan, D., and Dettinger, M.D., 2008, Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the Western United States: Science, v. 319, no. 5866, p. 1080-1083, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152538.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1080","endPage":"1083","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476788,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/319/5866/1080.long","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1152538"}],"volume":"319","issue":"5866","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3286e4b0c8380cd5e894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Santer, B.D.","contributorId":95702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santer","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bala, G.","contributorId":86983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bala","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nozawa, T.","contributorId":83345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nozawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mirin, A.A.","contributorId":96550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirin","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70032126,"text":"70032126 - 2008 - Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T13:59:13","indexId":"70032126","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p>We studied the bioavailability and toxicity of copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and lead in sediments from Lake Roosevelt (LR), a reservoir on the Columbia River in Washington, USA that receives inputs of metals from an upstream smelter facility. We characterized chronic sediment toxicity, metal bioaccumulation, and metal concentrations in sediment and pore water from eight study sites: one site upstream in the Columbia River, six sites in the reservoir, and a reference site in an uncontaminated tributary. Total recoverable metal concentrations in LR sediments generally decreased from upstream to downstream in the study area, but sediments from two sites in the reservoir had metal concentrations much lower than adjacent reservoir sites and similar to the reference site, apparently due to erosion of uncontaminated bank soils. Concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide in LR sediments were too low to provide strong controls on metal bioavailability, and selective sediment extractions indicated that metals in most LR sediments were primarily associated with iron and manganese oxides. Oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) accumulated greatest concentrations of copper from the river sediment, and greatest concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from reservoir sediments. Chronic toxic effects on amphipods (Hyalella azteca; reduced survival) and midge larvae (Chironomus dilutus; reduced growth) in whole-sediment exposures were generally consistent with predictions of metal toxicity based on empirical and equilibrium partitioning-based sediment quality guidelines. Elevated metal concentrations in pore waters of some LR sediments suggested that metals released from iron and manganese oxides under anoxic conditions contributed to metal bioaccumulation and toxicity. Results of both chemical and biological assays indicate that metals in sediments from both riverine and reservoir habitats of Lake Roosevelt are available to benthic invertebrates. These findings will be used as part of an ongoing ecological risk assessment to determine remedial actions for contaminated sediments in Lake Roosevelt. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Ivey, C., Ingersoll, C., and Moran, P., 2008, Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 557-570, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"570","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f161e4b0c8380cd4ac1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivey, C.D.","contributorId":33876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moran, P.W.","contributorId":9401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70179821,"text":"70179821 - 2008 - Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:27:20","indexId":"70179821","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changes in stream chemistry were studied for 4 years following large wildfires that burned in Glacier National Park during the summer of 2003. Burned and unburned drainages were monitored from December 2003 through August 2007 for streamflow, major constituents, nutrients, and suspended sediment following the fires. Stream-water nitrate concentrations showed the greatest response to fire, increasing up to tenfold above those in the unburned drainage just prior to the first post-fire snowmelt season. Concentrations in winter base flow remained elevated during the entire study period, whereas concentrations during the growing season returned to background levels after two snowmelt seasons. Annual export of total nitrogen from the burned drainage ranged from 1·53 to 3·23 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> compared with 1·01 to 1·39 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> from the unburned drainage and exceeded atmospheric inputs for the first two post-fire water years. Fire appeared to have minimal long-term effects on other nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and major constituents with the exception of sulfate and chloride, which showed increased concentrations for 2 years following the fire. There was little evidence that fire affected suspended-sediment concentrations in the burned drainage. Sediment yields in subalpine streams may be less affected by fire than in lower elevation streams because of the slow release rate of water during spring snowmelt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7121","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Clow, D.W., 2008, Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 26, p. 5013-5023, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7121.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5013","endPage":"5023","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d72e4b01dfadfff155d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86138,"text":"ofr20081251 - 2008 - Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20081251","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1251","title":"Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","docAbstract":"The Yakima River Decision Support System (YRDSS) was designed to quantify and display the consequences of different water management scenarios for a variety of state variables in the upper Yakima River Basin, located in central Washington. The impetus for the YRDSS was the Yakima River Basin Water Storage Feasibility Study, which investigated alternatives for providing additional water in the basin for threatened and endangered fish, irrigated agriculture, and municipal water supply. The additional water supplies would be provided by combinations of water exchanges, pumping stations, and off-channel storage facilities, each of which could affect the operations of the Bureau of Reclamation's (BOR) five headwaters reservoirs in the basin. The driver for the YRDSS is RiverWare, a systems-operations model used by BOR to calculate reservoir storage, irrigation deliveries, and streamflow at downstream locations resulting from changes in water supply and reservoir operations. The YRDSS uses output from RiverWare to calculate and summarize changes at 5 important flood plain reaches in the basin to 14 state variables: (1) habitat availability for selected life stages of four salmonid species, (2) spawning-incubation habitat persistence, (3) potential redd scour, (4) maximum water temperatures, (5) outmigration for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from headwaters reservoirs, (6) outmigration of salmon smolts from Cle Elum Reservoir, (7) frequency of beneficial overbank flooding, (8) frequency of damaging flood events, (9) total deliverable water supply, (10) total water supply deliverable to junior water rights holders, (11) end-of-year reservoir carryover, (12) potential fine sediment transport rates, (13) frequency of events capable of armor layer disruption, and (14) geomorphic work performed during each water year. Output of the YRDSS consists of a series of conditionally formatted scoring tables, wherein the changes to a state variable resulting from an operational scenario are compiled and summarized. Increases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds to turn green in the scoring matrix, whereas decreases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds turning red. This convention was designed to provide decision makers with a quick visual assessment of the overall results of an operating scenario. An evaluation matrix and a variety of weighting strategies to reflect the relative importance of different state variables are also presented as options for further distillation of YRDSS results during the decision-making process.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081251","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., Waddle, T.J., Talbert, C., Hatten, J.R., and Batt, T.R., 2008, Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1251, xviii, 289 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081251.","productDescription":"xviii, 289 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,46 ], [ -121.75,47.5 ], [ -119,47.5 ], [ -119,46 ], [ -121.75,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batt, Thomas R. tbatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batt","given":"Thomas","email":"tbatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86128,"text":"ofr20081245 - 2008 - Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20081245","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1245","title":"Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report","docAbstract":"Trammel netting is generally the accepted method of monitoring razorback sucker in reservoirs, but this method is ineffective for monitoring this fish in rivers. Trammel nets set in the current become fouled with debris, and nets set in backwaters capture high numbers of nontarget species. Nontargeted fish composed 97 percent of fish captured in previous studies (1999-2005). In 2005, discovery of a large spawning aggregation of razorback sucker in midchannel near Needles, Calif., prompted the development of more effective methods to monitor this and possibly other riverine fish populations. \r\nThis study examined the effectiveness of four methods of monitoring razorback sucker in a riverine environment. Hoop netting, electrofishing, boat surveys, and aerial photography were evaluated in terms of data accuracy, costs, stress on targeted fish, and effect on nontargeted fish as compared with trammel netting. \r\nTrammel netting in the riverine portion of the Colorado River downstream of Davis Dam, Arizona-Nevada yielded an average of 43 razorback suckers a year (1999 to 2005). Capture rates averaged 0.5 razorback suckers per staff day effort, at a cost exceeding $1,100 per fish. Population estimates calculated for 2003-2005 were 3,570 (95 percent confidence limits [CL] = 1,306i??i??i??-8,925), 1,768 (CL = 878-3,867) and 1,652 (CL = 706-5,164); wide confidence ranges reflect the small sample size. By-catch associated with trammel netting included common carp, game fish and, occasionally, shorebirds, waterfowl, and muskrats. \r\nHoop nets were prone to downstream drift owing to design and anchoring problems aggravated by hydropower ramping. Tests were dropped after the 2006 field season and replaced with electrofishing. \r\nElectrofishing at night during low flow and when spawning razorback suckers moved to the shoreline proved extremely effective. In 2006 and 2007, 263 and 299 (respectively) razorback suckers were taken. Capture rates averaged 8.3 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost of $62 per fish. The adult population was estimated at 1,196 (925-1,546) fish. Compared with trammel netting, confidence limits narrowed substantially, from +or- 500 percent to +or- 30 percent, reflecting more precise estimates. By-catch was limited to two common carp. No recreational game fish, waterfowl, or mammals were captured or handled during use of electrofishing. \r\nAerial photography (2006 and 2007) suggested an annual average of 580 fish detected on imagery. Identification of species was not possible; carp commonly have been mistaken for razorback sucker. Field verification determined that the proportion of razorback suckers to other fish was 3:1. On that basis, we estimated 435 razorback suckers were photographed, which equals 8.4 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost of $78 per fish. The data did not lend itself to population estimates. \r\nFish were more easily identified from boats, where their lateral rather than their dorsal aspect is visible. On average, 888 razorback suckers were positively identified each year. Observation rates averaged 29.6 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost less than $18 per fish observed. Sucker densities averaged 20.5 and 9.6 fish/hectare which equated to an average spawning population at Needles, Calif., of 2,520 in 2006 and 1152 in 2007. The lower 2007 estimate reflected a refinement in sampling approach which removed a sampling bias. \r\nElectrofishing and boat surveys were more cost effective than other methods tested, and they provided more accurate information without the by-catch associated with trammel netting. However, they provided different types of data. Handling fish may be necessary for research purposes but unnecessary for general trend analysis. Electrofishing was extremely effective but can harm fish if not used with caution. Unnecessary electrofishing increases the likelihood of spinal damage and possible damage to eggs and potential young, and it may alter spawning behavior or duration. B","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, TSC, Denver, Colorado under the Multi-Species Conservation Program Work Task G-3 Adaptive Management Research Project and Conservation Measure RASU-6, Lower Colorado Regional Office, Boulder City, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., Wydoski, R., Best, E., Hiebert, S., Lantow, J., Santee, M., Goettlicher, B., and Millosovich, J., 2008, Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1245, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081245.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wydoski, Richard","contributorId":14843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wydoski","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Best, Eric","contributorId":39071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiebert, Steve","contributorId":52216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiebert","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lantow, Jeff","contributorId":18066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantow","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santee, Mark","contributorId":30693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santee","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goettlicher, Bill","contributorId":60723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goettlicher","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Millosovich, Joe","contributorId":20425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millosovich","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033293,"text":"70033293 - 2008 - Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033293","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge","docAbstract":"In order to estimate acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios (ACRs) relevant to a coldwater stream community, we exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 96-h acute and 60+ day early-life stage (ELS) exposures. We also tested the acute and sublethal responses of a mayfly (Baetis tricaudatus) and a midge (Chironomus dilutus, formerly C. tentans) with Pb. We examine the statistical interpretation of test endpoints and the acute-to-chronic ratio concept. Increasing the number of control replicates by 2 to 3x decreased the minimum detectable differences by almost half. Pb ACR estimates mostly increased with increasing acute resistance of the organisms (rainbow trout ACRs <??? mayfly < Chironomus). The choice of test endpoint and statistical analysis influenced ACR estimates by up to a factor of four. When calculated using the geometric means of the no- and lowest-observed effect concentrations, ACRs with rainbow trout and Cd were 0.6 and 0.95; Zn about 1.0; and for Pb 3.3 and 11. The comparable Pb ACRs for the mayfly and Chironomus were 5.2 and 51 respectively. Our rainbow trout ACRs with Pb were about 5-20x lower than earlier reports with salmonids. We suggest discounting previous ACR results that used larger and older fish in their acute tests. ?? 2007 GovernmentEmployee: U.S. Geological Survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-007-9524-8","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C., Hennessy, D., and Dillon, F., 2008, Developing acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios for lead, cadmium, and zinc using rainbow trout, a mayfly, and a midge: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 188, no. 1-4, p. 41-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9524-8.","startPage":"41","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9524-8"},{"id":240795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ce4b0c8380cd4f565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hennessy, D.P.","contributorId":31988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hennessy","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dillon, F.S.","contributorId":68538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033225,"text":"70033225 - 2008 - Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033225","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region","docAbstract":"Conservation prioritization usually focuses on conservation of rare species or biodiversity, rather than ecological processes. This is partially due to a lack of informative indicators of ecosystem function. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) trap and retain soil and water resources in arid ecosystems and function as major carbon and nitrogen fixers; thus, they may be informative indicators of ecosystem function. We created spatial models of multiple indicators of the diversity and function of BSCs (species richness, evenness, functional diversity, functional redundancy, number of rare species, number of habitat specialists, nitrogen and carbon fixation indices, soil stabilization, and surface roughening) for the 800,000-ha Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Utah, U.S.A.). We then combined the indicators into a single BSC function map and a single BSC biodiversity map (2 alternative types of conservation value) with an unweighted averaging procedure and a weighted procedure derived from validations performance. We also modeled potential degradation with data from a rangeland assessment survey. To determine which areas on the landscape were the highest conservation priorities, we overlaid the function- and diversity-based conservation-value layers on the potential degradation layer. Different methods for ascribing conservation-value and conservation-priority layers all yielded strikingly similar results (r = 0.89-0.99), which suggests that in this case biodiversity and function can be conserved simultaneously. We believe BSCs can be used as indicators of ecosystem function in concert with other indicators (such as plant-community properties) and that such information can be used to prioritize conservation effort in drylands. ?? 2008 Society for Conservation Biology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x","issn":"08888","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., Belnap, J., Sisk, T., and Johnson, N., 2008, Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region: Conservation Biology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1533-1543, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1543","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x"},{"id":240822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c72e4b0c8380cd7e6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sisk, T.D.","contributorId":54023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisk","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, N.C.","contributorId":29567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033377,"text":"70033377 - 2008 - Geologic framework of the 2005 Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T09:47:47","indexId":"70033377","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of the 2005 Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The Keathley Canyon sites drilled in 2005 by the Chevron Joint Industry Project are located along the southeastern edge of an intraslope minibasin (Casey basin) in the northern Gulf of Mexico at 1335 m water depth. Around the drill sites, a grid of 2D high-resolution multichannel seismic data designed to image depths down to at least 1000 m sub-bottom reveals 7 unconformities and disconformities that, with the seafloor, bound 7 identifiable seismic stratigraphic units. A major disconformity in the middle of the units stands out for its angular baselapping geometry. From these data, three episodes of sedimentary deposition and deformation are inferred. The oldest episode consists of fine-grained muds deposited during a period of relative stability in the basin (units e, f, and g). Both the BSR and inferred gas hydrate occur within these older units. The gas hydrate occurs in near-vertical fractures. A second episode (units c and d) involved large vertical displacements associated with infilling and ponding of sediment. This second interval corresponds to deposition of intercalated fine and coarse-grained material that was recovered in the drill hole that penetrated the thin edges of the regionally much thicker units. The final episode of deposition (units a and b) occurred during more subdued vertical motions. Hemipelagic drape (unit a) characterizes the modern seafloor. The present-day Casey basin is mostly filled. Its sill is part of a subsiding graben structure that is only 10-20 m shallower than the deepest point in the basin, indicating that gravity-driven transport would mostly bypass the basin. Contemporary faulting along the basin margins has selectively reactivated an older group of faults. The intercalated sand and mud deposits of units c and d are tentatively correlated with Late Pleistocene deposition derived from the western shelf-edge delta/depocenter of the Mississippi River, which was probably most active from 320 ka to 70 ka [Winker, C.D., Booth, J., 2000. Sedimentary dynamics of the salt-dominated continental slope, Gulf of Mexico: integration of observations from the seafloor, near-surface, and deep subsurface. In: Proceedings of the GCSSEPM Foundation 20th Annual Research Conference, Deep-water Reservoirs of the World, pp. 1059-1086]. The presence of sand within the gas hydrate stability zone (in units c and d) is not sufficient to concentrate gas hydrate even though dispersed gas hydrate occurs deeper in the fractured mud/clay-rich sections of units e and f.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.012","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Hart, P., Collett, T.S., Edwards, K., Twichell, D., and Snyder, F., 2008, Geologic framework of the 2005 Keathley Canyon gas hydrate research well, northern Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 906-918, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"918","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2617","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              18.646245142670608\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              18.646245142670608\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              18.646245142670608\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a196de4b0c8380cd559ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, K.M.","contributorId":43178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snyder, F.","contributorId":84160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033294,"text":"70033294 - 2008 - Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:12:16","indexId":"70033294","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack","docAbstract":"Recharge into granitic bedrock under a melting snowpack is being investigated as part of a study designed to understand hydrologic processes involving snow at Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Snowpack measurements, accompanied by water content and matric potential measurements of the soil under the snowpack, allowed for estimates of infiltration into the soil during snowmelt and percolation into the bedrock. During portions of the snowmelt period, infiltration rates into the soil exceeded the permeability of the bedrock and caused ponding to be sustained at the soil-bedrock interface. During a 5-d period with little measured snowmelt, drainage of the ponded water into the underlying fractured granitic bedrock was estimated to be 1.6 cm d?1, which is used as an estimate of bedrock permeability. The numerical simulator TOUGH2 was used to reproduce the field data and evaluate the potential for vertical flow into the fractured bedrock or lateral flow at the bedrock-soil interface. During most of the snowmelt season, the snowmelt rates were near or below the bedrock permeability. The field data and model results support the notion that snowmelt on the shallow soil overlying low permeability bedrock becomes direct infiltration unless the snowmelt rate greatly exceeds the bedrock permeability. Late in the season, melt rates are double that of the bedrock permeability (although only for a few days) and may tend to move laterally at the soil-bedrock interface downgradient and contribute directly to streamflow. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2006.0135","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., and Dettinger, M.D., 2008, Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack, <i>in</i> Vadose Zone Journal, v. 7, no. 1, p. 350-357, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0135.","startPage":"350","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0135"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2be4b0c8380cd6fab8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032852,"text":"70032852 - 2008 - Joint variability of global runoff and global sea surface temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032852","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint variability of global runoff and global sea surface temperatures","docAbstract":"Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905-2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing runoff is most notable in western Africa. The second principal component explains 9% of the total variance and reflects variability of the El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its associated influence on global annual runoff patterns. The third component explains 5% of the total variance and indicates a response of global annual runoff to variability in North Aflantic SSTs. The association between runoff and North Atlantic SSTs may explain an apparent steplike change in runoff that occurred around 1970 for a number of continental regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2008JHM943.1","issn":"15257","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D., 2008, Joint variability of global runoff and global sea surface temperatures: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 816-824, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM943.1.","startPage":"816","endPage":"824","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476693,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm943.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM943.1"},{"id":241270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4007e4b0c8380cd649f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033745,"text":"70033745 - 2008 - Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033745","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops","docAbstract":"We present a simulation model for risk assessment of the impact of insecticide inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE) applied in irrigated agricultural fields on non-target wildlife. The model, which we developed as a compartment model based on difference equations (??t = 1 h), consists of six submodels describing the dynamics of (1) insecticide application, (2) insecticide movement into floodable soil, (3) irrigation and rain, (4) insecticide dissolution in water, (5) foraging and insecticide intake from water, and (6) ChE inhibition and recovery. To demonstrate application of the model, we simulated historical and \"worst-case\" scenarios of the impact of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) inhabiting natural brushland adjacent to cotton and sugarcane fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA. Only when a rain event occurred just after insecticide application did predicted levels of ChE inhibition surpass the diagnostic level of 20% exposure. The present model should aid in assessing the effect of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on ChE activity of different species that drink contaminated water from irrigated agricultural fields, and in identifying specific situations in which the juxtaposition of environmental conditions and management schemes could result in a high risk to non-target wildlife. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Pisani, J., Grant, W., and Mora, M., 2008, Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops: Ecological Modelling, v. 210, no. 1-2, p. 179-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017.","startPage":"179","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017"},{"id":242165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd8e4b08c986b319190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pisani, J.M.","contributorId":35555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisani","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, W.E.","contributorId":78903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032761,"text":"70032761 - 2008 - Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032761","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"To understand the fate and movement of Escherichia coli in beach water, numerous modeling studies have been undertaken including mechanistic predictions of currents and plumes and empirical modeling based on hydrometeorological variables. Most approaches are limited in scope by nearshore currents or physical obstacles and data limitations; few examine the issue from a larger spatial scale. Given the similarities between variables typically included in these models, we attempted to take a broader view of E. coli fluctuations by simultaneously examining twelve beaches along 35 km of Indiana's Lake Michigan coastline that includes five point-source outfalls. The beaches had similar E. coli fluctuations, and a best-fit empirical model included two variables: wave height and an interactive term comprised of wind direction and creek turbidity. Individual beach R2 was 0.32-0.50. Data training-set results were comparable to validation results (R2 = 0.48). Amount of variation explained by the model was similar to previous reports for individual beaches. By extending the modeling approach to include more coastline distance, broader-scale spatial and temporal changes in bacteria concentrations and the influencing factors can be characterized. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es703038c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M., and Whitman, R., 2008, Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 12, p. 4454-4460, https://doi.org/10.1021/es703038c.","startPage":"4454","endPage":"4460","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es703038c"},{"id":241463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f788e4b0c8380cd4cb89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033500,"text":"70033500 - 2008 - Modeling potential habitats for alien species <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i> in continental USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-12T13:37:13","indexId":"70033500","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":630,"text":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling potential habitats for alien species <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i> in continental USA","docAbstract":"The effective measure to minimize the damage of invasive species is to block the potential invasive species to enter into suitable areas. 1864 occurrence points with GPS coordinates and 34 environmental variables from Daymet datasets were gathered, and 4 modeling methods, i.e., Logistic Regression (LR), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction (GARP), and maximum entropy method (Maxent), were introduced to generate potential geographic distributions for invasive species <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i> in Continental USA. Then 3 statistical criteria of the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC), Pearson correlation (COR) and Kappa value were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models, followed by analyses on major contribution variables. Results showed that in terms of the 3 statistical criteria, the prediction results of the 4 ecological niche models were either excellent or outstanding, in which Maxent outperformed the others in 3 aspects of predicting current distribution habitats, selecting major contribution factors, and quantifying the influence of environmental variables on habitats. Distance to water, elevation, frequency of precipitation and solar radiation were 4 environmental forcing factors. The method suggested in the paper can have some reference meaning for modeling habitats of alien species in China and provide a direction to prevent <i>Mytilopsis sallei</i> on the Chinese coast line.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3","issn":"10000","usgsCitation":"Mingyang, L., Yunwei, J., Kumar, S., and Stohlgren, T.J., 2008, Modeling potential habitats for alien species <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i> in continental USA: Acta Ecologica Sinica, v. 28, no. 9, p. 4253-4258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4253","endPage":"4258","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c1ee4b0c8380cd6fa4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mingyang, Li","contributorId":105133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mingyang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yunwei, Ju","contributorId":37161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yunwei","given":"Ju","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Sunil","contributorId":84992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Sunil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033511,"text":"70033511 - 2008 - Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T14:54:19.407749","indexId":"70033511","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata, a nonindigenous aquatic snail from Eurasia, was introduced into Lake Michigan in 1871 and has spread to the mid-Atlantic states, the Great Lakes region, Montana, and most recently, the Mississippi River. The faucet snail serves as intermediate host for several trematodes that have caused large-scale mortality among water birds, primarily in the Great Lakes region and Montana. It is important to limit the spread of the faucet snail; small fisheries equipment can serve as a method of snail distribution. Treatments with chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water baths were tested to determine their effectiveness as a disinfectant for small fisheries equipment. Two treatments eliminated all test snails: (1) a 24-h exposure to Hydrothol 191 at a concentration of at least 20 mg/L and (2) a treatment with 50°C heated water for 1 min or longer. Faucet snails were highly resistant to ethanol, NaCl, formalin, Lysol, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, Baquacil, Virkon, household bleach, and pH extremes (as low as 1 and as high as 13).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/M07-211.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, A., and Cole, R.A., 2008, Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1597-1600, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1597","endPage":"1600","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008092","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1"},{"id":242151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Onalaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.37432098388672,\n              43.93845058564532\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.33861541748047,\n              43.883789471638515\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.31183624267578,\n              43.86423779837696\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.30359649658203,\n              43.85606874432798\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.29707336425781,\n              43.8543357707896\n            ],\n         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rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032759,"text":"70032759 - 2008 - Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","docAbstract":"We calculated Chesapeake Bay (CB) sediment and carbon fluxes before and after major anthropogenic land clearance using robust monitoring, modeling and sedimentary data. Four distinct fluxes in the estuarine system were considered including (1) the flux of eroded material from the watershed to streams, (2) the flux of suspended sediment at river fall lines, (3) the burial flux in tributary sediments, and (4) the burial flux in main CB sediments. The sedimentary maximum in Ambrosia (ragweed) pollen marked peak land clearance (~1900 a.d.). Rivers feeding CB had a total organic carbon (TOC)/total suspended solids of 0.24??0.12, and we used this observation to calculate TOC fluxes from sediment fluxes. Sediment and carbon fluxes increased by 138-269% across all four regions after land clearance. Our results demonstrate that sediment delivery to CB is subject to significant lags and that excess post-land clearance sediment loads have not reached the ocean. Post-land clearance increases in erosional flux from watersheds, and burial in estuaries are important processes that must be considered to calculate accurate global sediment and carbon budgets. ?? 2008 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Saenger, C., Cronin, T.M., Willard, D., Halka, J., and Kerhin, R., 2008, Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 31, no. 3, p. 492-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5.","startPage":"492","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5"},{"id":241461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39fde4b0c8380cd61af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saenger, C.","contributorId":19363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saenger","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halka, J.","contributorId":40021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kerhin, R.","contributorId":25317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerhin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033424,"text":"70033424 - 2008 - Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:13:30","indexId":"70033424","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions","docAbstract":"<p><span>By using both high-resolution orthoimagery and medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery with other geospatial information, several land surface parameters including impervious surfaces and land surface temperatures for three geographically distinct urban areas in the United States – Seattle, Washington, Tampa Bay, Florida, and Las Vegas, Nevada, are obtained. Percent impervious surface is used to quantitatively define the spatial extent and development density of urban land use. Land surface temperatures were retrieved by using a single band algorithm that processes both thermal infrared satellite data and total atmospheric water vapor content. Land surface temperatures were analyzed for different land use and land cover categories in the three regions. The heterogeneity of urban land surface and associated spatial extents were shown to influence surface thermal conditions because of the removal of vegetative cover, the introduction of non-transpiring surfaces, and the reduction in evaporation over urban impervious surfaces. Fifty years of in situ climate data were integrated to assess regional climatic conditions. The spatial structure of surface heating influenced by landscape characteristics has a profound influence on regional climate conditions, especially through urban heat island effects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., 2008, Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions: Advances in Space Research, v. 41, no. 11, p. 1861-1869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1861","endPage":"1869","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86e6e4b08c986b3161bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033420,"text":"70033420 - 2008 - Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033420","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The oxidation of sulfide-rich rocks, mostly leftover debris from Cu mining in the early 20th century, is contributing to metal contamination of local coastal environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Analyses of sulfide, water, sediment, precipitate and biological samples from the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites show that acidic surface waters generated from sulfide weathering are pathways for redistribution of environmentally important elements into and beyond the intertidal zone at each site. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits composed of pyrrhotite and (or) pyrite + chalcopyrite + sphalerite with subordinate galena, arsenopyrite, and cobaltite represent potent sources of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg. The resistance to oxidation among the major sulfides increases in the order pyrrhotite ??? sphalerite < chalcopyrite ??? pyrite; thus, pyrrhotite-rich rocks are typically more oxidized than those dominated by pyrite. The pervasive alteration of pyrrhotite begins with rim replacement by marcasite followed by replacement of the core by sulfur, Fe sulfate, and Fe-Al sulfate. The oxidation of chalcopyrite and pyrite involves an encroachment by colloform Fe oxyhydroxides at grain margins and along crosscutting cracks that gradually consumes the entire grain. The complete oxidation of sulfide-rich samples results in a porous aggregate of goethite, lepidocrocite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxide enclosing hydrothermal and sedimentary silicates. An inverse correlation between pH and metal concentrations is evident in water data from all three sites. Among all waters sampled, pore waters from Ellamar beach gravels have the lowest pH (???3) and highest concentrations of base metals (to ???25,000 ??g/L), which result from oxidation of abundant sulfide-rich debris in the sediment. High levels of dissolved Hg (to 4100 ng/L) in the pore waters probably result from oxidation of sphalerite-rich rocks. The low-pH and high concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, and SO4 are conducive to precipitation of interstitial jarosite in the intertidal gravels. Although pore waters from the intertidal zone at the Threeman mine site have circumneutral pH values, small amounts of dissolved Fe2+ in the pore waters are oxidized during mixing with seawater, resulting in precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxide flocs along the beach-seawater interface. At the Beatson site, surface waters funneled through the underground mine workings and discharged across the waste dumps have near-neutral pH (6.7-7.3) and a relatively small base-metal load; however, these streams probably play a role in the physical transport of metalliferous particulates into intertidal and offshore areas during storm events. Somewhat more acidic fluids, to pH 5.3, occur in stagnant seeps and small streams emerging from the Beatson waste dumps. Amorphous Fe precipitates in stagnant waters at Beatson have high Cu (5.2 wt%) and Zn (2.3 wt%) concentrations that probably reflect adsorption onto the extremely high surface area of colloidal particles. Conversely, crystalline precipitates composed of ferrihydrite and schwertmannite that formed in the active flow of small streams have lower metal contents, which are attributed to their smaller surface area and, therefore, fewer reactive sorption sites. Seeps containing precipitates with high metal contents may contribute contaminants to the marine environment during storm-induced periods of high runoff. Preliminary chemical data for mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman indicate that bioaccumulation of base metals is occurring in the marine environment at all three sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Koski, R., Munk, L., Foster, A., Shanks, W.C., and Stillings, L., 2008, Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 227-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007.","startPage":"227","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007"},{"id":240799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc7e4b08c986b31da98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033749,"text":"70033749 - 2008 - The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033749","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Temperature and pressure surveys, fluid samples, and petrologic analyses of rock samples from deep drill holes at the Karaha - Telaga Bodas geothermal field on the volcanic ridge extending northward from Galunggung Volcano, West Java, have provided a unique opportunity to characterize the evolution of an active volcano-hosted geothermal system. Wells up to 3 km in depth have encountered temperatures as high as 353??C and a weakly altered granodiorite that intruded to within 2 to 3 km of the surface. The intrusion is shallowest beneath the southern end of the field where an acid lake overlies a nearly vertical low resistivity structure (<10 ohm-m) defined by magnetotelluric measurements. This structure is interpreted to represent a vapor-dominated chimney that provides a pathway to the surface for magmatic gases. Four distinct hydrothermal mineral assemblages document the evolution of the geothermal system and the transition from liquid- to vapor-dominated conditions. The earliest assemblage represents the initial liquid-dominated system generated during emplacement of the granodiorite between 5910 ?? 76 and 4200 ?? 150 y BP. Tourmaline, biotite, actinolite, epidote and clay minerals were deposited contemporaneously at progressively greater distances from the intrusive contact (assemblage 1). At 4200 ?? 150 y BP, flank collapse and the formation of the volcano's crater, Kawah Galunggung, resulted in catastrophic decompression and boiling of the hydrothermal fluids. This event initiated development of the modern vapor-dominated regime. Chalcedony and then quartz were deposited as the early low salinity liquids boiled (assemblage 2). Both vapor- and liquid-rich fluid inclusions were trapped in the quartz crystals. Liquid-rich fluid inclusions from the southern part of the field record salinities ranging from 0 to 26 weight percent NaCl- CaCl2 equivalent and locally contain fluorite daughter crystals. We suggest, based on temperature-salinity relationships and evidence of boiling, that these fluids were progressively concentrated as steam was lost from the system. However, mixing with fluids derived from the underlying intrusion or generated during the formation of acid SO4 water on the vapor-dominated chimney margins could have contributed to the observed salinities. As pressures declined, CO2- and SO4-rich steam-heated water drained downward, depositing anhydrite and calcite (assemblage 3) in the fractures, limiting further recharge. Fluid inclusions with salinities up to 31 weight percent NaCl equivalent were trapped in these minerals as the descending water vaporized. The final assemblage is represented by precipitates of NaCl, KCl and FeClx deposited on rock surfaces in portions of the vapor-dominated zone that boiled dry. Vapor-dominated conditions extend over a distance of at least 10 km and to depths below sea level. Deep wells drilled into the underlying liquid-dominated reservoir in the northern and central part of the volcanic ridge produce low salinity fluids representing recent recharge of meteoric and steam-heated water. The evolution of volcanic-hosted vapor-dominated geothermal systems can be described by a five stage model. Stage 1 involves the formation of an over-pressured liquid-dominated geothermal system soon after magmatic intrusion. In Stages 2 and 3, pressures progressively decrease, and a curtain of steam-heated water surrounding a magmatic vapor-dominated chimney at 350??C and 14 ?? 2 MPa develops. The relatively low pressure near the base of the chimney causes liquid inflow adjacent to the intrusion and the development of a secondary marginal vapor-dominated zone. In Stage 4, the magmatic vapor discharge from the intrusion becomes small, vapor pressure declines, and the secondary vapor-dominated zone expands above the intrusion. In Stage 5, the vapor-dominated zone floods because heat from the intrusion is insufficient to boil all liquid inflow. A more common, liquid-dominated volcanic-hosted system the","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2475/10.2008.01","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., Allis, R., Nemcok, M., Powell, T., Bruton, C., Wannamaker, P., Raharjo, I., and Norman, D., 2008, The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia: American Journal of Science, v. 308, no. 1, p. 1-48, https://doi.org/10.2475/10.2008.01.","startPage":"1","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487751,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/10.2008.01","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2475/10.2008.01"},{"id":242199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"308","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babe9e4b08c986b32316a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.N.","contributorId":22795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allis, R.G.","contributorId":86150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allis","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nemcok, M.","contributorId":104248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemcok","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, T.S.","contributorId":9880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bruton, C.J.","contributorId":34736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruton","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wannamaker, P.E.","contributorId":18989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wannamaker","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raharjo, I.B.","contributorId":66499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raharjo","given":"I.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norman, D.I.","contributorId":11839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032849,"text":"70032849 - 2008 - Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: Mass-balance weathering fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70032849","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: Mass-balance weathering fluxes","docAbstract":"Geochemical research on natural weathering has often been directed towards explanations of the chemical composition of surface water and ground water resulting from subsurface water-rock interactions. These interactions are often defined as the incongruent dissolution of primary silicates, such as feldspar, producing secondary weathering products, such as clay minerals and oxyhydroxides, and solute fluxes (Meunier and Velde, 1979). The chemical composition of the clay-mineral product is often ignored. However, in earlier investigations, the saprolitic weathering profile at the South Fork Brokenback Run (SFBR) watershed, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, was characterized extensively in terms of its mineralogical and chemical composition (Piccoli, 1987; Pochatila et al., 2006; Jones et al., 2007) and its basic hydrology. O'Brien et al. (1997) attempted to determine the contribution of primary mineral weathering to observed stream chemistry at SFBR. Mass-balance model results, however, could provide only a rough estimate of the weathering reactions because idealized mineral compositions were utilized in the calculations. Making use of detailed information on the mineral occurrence in the regolith, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of compositional variation on mineral-solute mass-balance modelling and to generate plausible quantitative weathering reactions that support both the chemical evolution of the surface water and ground water in the catchment, as well as the mineralogical evolution of the weathering profile. ?? 2008 The Mineralogical Society.","largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","language":"English","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.65","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., and Herman, J., 2008, Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: Mass-balance weathering fluxes, <i>in</i> Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 65-69, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.65.","startPage":"65","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.65"},{"id":241744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1646e4b0c8380cd55103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, J.S.","contributorId":73345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035375,"text":"70035375 - 2008 - Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035375","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California","docAbstract":"The late Neogene section in the Salton Trough, California, and along the lower Colorado River in Arizona is composed of marine units bracketed by nonmarine units. Microfossils from the marine deposits indicate that a marine incursion inundated the Salton Trough during the late Miocene. Water depths increased rapidly in the Miocene and eventually flooded the region now occupied by the Colorado River as far north as Parker, Arizona. Marine conditions were restricted in the Pliocene as the Colorado River filled the Salton Trough with sediments and the Gulf of California assumed its present configuration. Microfossils from the early part of this incursion include a diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers (Amphistegina gibbosa, Uvigerina peregrina, Cassidulina delicata, and Bolivina interjuncta), planktic foraminifers (Globigerinoides obliquus, G. extremus, and Globigerina nepenthes), and calcareous nannoplankton (Discoaster brouweri, Discoaster aff. Discoaster surculus, Sphenolithus abies, and S. neoabies), whereas microfossils in the final phase contain a less diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers that are diagnostic of marginal shallow-marine conditions (Ammonia, Elphidium, Bolivina, Cibicides, and Quinqueloculina). Evidence of an earlier middle Miocene marine incursion comes from reworked microfossils found near Split Mountain Gorge in the Fish Creek Gypsum (Sphenolithus moriformis) and near San Gorgonio Pass (Cyclicargolithus floridanus and Sphenolithus heteromorphus and planktic foraminifers). The middle Miocene incursion may also be represented by the older marine sedimentary rocks encountered in the subsurface near Yuma, Arizona, where rare middle Miocene planktic foraminifers are found. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(16)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., 2008, Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 355-373, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(16).","startPage":"355","endPage":"373","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(16)"},{"id":243140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44fae4b0c8380cd66f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, K.","contributorId":106260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}