{"pageNumber":"919","pageRowStart":"22950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40803,"records":[{"id":70033767,"text":"70033767 - 2008 - Food web dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033767","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2699,"text":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food web dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland","docAbstract":"A spatially explicit model is developed to simulate the small fish community and its underlying food web, in the freshwater marshes of the Everglades. The community is simplified to a few small fish species feeding on periphyton and invertebrates. Other compartments are detritus, crayfish, and a piscivorous fish species. This unit food web model is applied to each of the 10,000 spatial cells on a 100 x 100 pixel landscape. Seasonal variation in water level is assumed and rules are assigned for fish movement in response to rising and falling water levels, which can cause many spatial cells to alternate between flooded and dry conditions. It is shown that temporal variations of water level on a spatially heterogeneous landscape can maintain at least three competing fish species. In addition, these environmental factors can strongly affect the temporal variation of the food web caused by top-down control from the piscivorous fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3934/mbe.2008.5.877","issn":"15471","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Trexler, J., and Donalson, D., 2008, Food web dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, v. 5, no. 4, p. 877-887, https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2008.5.877.","startPage":"877","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476646,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2008.5.877","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2008.5.877"},{"id":241934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12e6e4b0c8380cd54435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donalson, D.D.","contributorId":69793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donalson","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033773,"text":"70033773 - 2008 - A trade-off between model resolution and variance with selected Rayleigh-wave data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033773","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A trade-off between model resolution and variance with selected Rayleigh-wave data","docAbstract":"Inversion of multimode surface-wave data is of increasing interest in the near-surface geophysics community. For a given near-surface geophysical problem, it is essential to understand how well the data, calculated according to a layered-earth model, might match the observed data. A data-resolution matrix is a function of the data kernel (determined by a geophysical model and a priori information applied to the problem), not the data. A data-resolution matrix of high-frequency (??? 2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave phase velocities, therefore, offers a quantitative tool for designing field surveys and predicting the match between calculated and observed data. First, we employed a data-resolution matrix to select data that would be well predicted and to explain advantages of incorporating higher modes in inversion. The resulting discussion using the data-resolution matrix provides insight into the process of inverting Rayleigh-wave phase velocities with higher mode data to estimate S-wave velocity structure. Discussion also suggested that each near-surface geophysical target can only be resolved using Rayleigh-wave phase velocities within specific frequency ranges, and higher mode data are normally more accurately predicted than fundamental mode data because of restrictions on the data kernel for the inversion system. Second, we obtained an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of an inverted model by the singular value decomposition of a trade-off function of model resolution and variance. In the end of the paper, we used a real-world example to demonstrate that selected data with the data-resolution matrix can provide better inversion results and to explain with the data-resolution matrix why incorporating higher mode data in inversion can provide better results. We also calculated model-resolution matrices of these examples to show the potential of increasing model resolution with selected surface-wave data. With the optimal damping vector, we can improve and assess an inverted model obtained by a damped least-square method.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3059153","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., and Xu, Y., 2008, A trade-off between model resolution and variance with selected Rayleigh-wave data, <i>in</i> SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1293-1297, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3059153.","startPage":"1293","endPage":"1297","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3059153"},{"id":242034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e602e4b0c8380cd470ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030704,"text":"70030704 - 2008 - Families of miocene monterey crude oil, seep, and tarball samples, coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030704","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Families of miocene monterey crude oil, seep, and tarball samples, coastal California","docAbstract":"Biomarker and stable carbon isotope ratios were used to infer the age, lithology, organic matter input, and depositional environment of the source rocks for 388 samples of produced crude oil, seep oil, and tarballs to better assess their origins and distributions in coastal California. These samples were used to construct a chemometric (multivariate statistical) decision tree to classify 288 additional samples. The results identify three tribes of 13C-rich oil samples inferred to originate from thermally mature equivalents of the clayey-siliceous, carbonaceous marl and lower calcareous-siliceous members of the Monterey Formation at Naples Beach near Santa Barbara. An attempt to correlate these families to rock extracts from these members in the nearby COST (continental offshore stratigraphic test) (OCS-Cal 78-164) well failed, at least in part because the rocks are thermally immature. Geochemical similarities among the oil tribes and their widespread distribution support the prograding margin model or the banktop-slope-basin model instead of the ridge-and-basin model for the deposition of the Monterey Formation. Tribe 1 contains four oil families having geochemical traits of clay-rich marine shale source rock deposited under suboxic conditions with substantial higher plant input. Tribe 2 contains four oil families with traits intermediate between tribes 1 and 3, except for abundant 28,30-bisnorhopane, indicating suboxic to anoxic marine marl source rock with hemipelagic input. Tribe 3 contains five oil families with traits of distal marine carbonate source rock deposited under anoxic conditions with pelagic but little or no higher plant input. Tribes 1 and 2 occur mainly south of Point Conception in paleogeographic settings where deep burial of the Monterey source rock favored petroleum generation from all three members or their equivalents. In this area, oil from the clayey-siliceous and carbonaceous marl members (tribes 1 and 2) may overwhelm that from the lower calcareous-siliceous member (tribe 3) because the latter is thinner and less oil-prone than the overlying members. Tribe 3 occurs mainly north of Point Conception where shallow burial caused preferential generation from the underlying lower calcareous-siliceous member or another unit with similar characteristics. In a test of the decision tree, 10 tarball samples collected from beaches in Monterey and San Mateo counties in early 2007 were found to originate from natural seeps representing different organofacies of Monterey Formation source rock instead from one anthropogenic pollution event. The seeps apparently became more active because of increased storm activity. Copyright ?? 2008. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/04180807113","issn":"01491","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Hostettler, F., Lorenson, T., and Rosenbauer, R., 2008, Families of miocene monterey crude oil, seep, and tarball samples, coastal California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 92, no. 9, p. 1131-1152, https://doi.org/10.1306/04180807113.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1152","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/04180807113"}],"volume":"92","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ef5e4b0c8380cd536c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030548,"text":"70030548 - 2008 - High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030548","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"A 3.5-m gravity core (DJ6-93SF-6) from San Francisco Bay reveals a complex paleoclimatic history of the region over the last 3870 cal YBP. A polynomial equation based on 11 AMS 14C ages provides an excellent age model for the core, and environmental proxies for water temperature and salinity are derived from various foraminiferal abundances, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, and Mg/Ca ratios. Two foraminiferal associations were identified by Q-mode cluster analysis: a colder-water Elphidium excavatum association and the warmer-water Ammonia beccarii-Elphidium gunteri association. The E. excavatum association dominates the core for all but about 600 years out of the last four millennia. At 3870 cal YBP, water temperatures were warm (13.9??C) and freshwater inflow was reduced compared with today. From 3590 to 2860 cal YBP, temperatures dropped 0.5??C and the climate remained dry. This was followed by a period of pronounced lower ??13C values, indicating that conditions became considerably wetter from 2860 to 2170 cal YBP. During this interval, the temperature oscillated frequently, peaking at 13.9??C at 2710 cal YBP, then dropping shortly thereafter to 12.8??C at 2420 cal YBP. Freshwater inflow gradually decreased between 2170 and 1950 cal YBP with a minimal rise in temperature, then changed quickly to colder and wetter conditions at 1900 cal YBP. Drier conditions then prevailed until 1480 cal YBP with water temperatures fluctuating between 13.1??C and 13.8??C, followed by wetter climate from 1480 to 1320 cal YBP. A significant faunal shift from the E. excavatum association to the A. beccarii-E. gunteri association occurred from 1250 to 650 cal YBP, possibly due to regional warming, decreased oxygen availability, and/or a change in the phyto-plankton community. Associated with this change in faunal composition were warm and dry conditions, representative of the Medieval Warm Period (Medieval Climatic Anomaly). A climatic shift coincident with the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA I and LIA II) is evident from 650 to 280 cal YBP, with the return of the E. excavatum association and an extreme drop in ??18O values, all indicating increased precipitation and fresh water inflow. This was followed by generally drier conditions to the present, except for a brief wet period around 100 cal YBP, and fairly consistent water temperatures in the middle 13??C, except for a drop to 12.8??C at 200 cal YBP. Two significant faunal changes occur near the top of the core. First, there is the reappearance of the A. beccarii-E. gunteri association, suggesting that, once again, regional warming has taken place, oxygen availability has declined, and/or environmental conditions changed such that diatoms have become a scarce food source. Second, there is the first appearance of the invasive Japanese foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio, a species that commonly lives in highly polluted areas and is an indicator of eutrophication in its native estuaries. At the same time, freshwater inflow decreased, which may be explained by global warming during the last 100 years, or more likely due to modern water diversion for agriculture in the central valley of California. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Climate, San Francisco Bay, Holocene, foraminifers, isotopes, trace metals, Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.2112/08A-0003.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2008, High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California, <i>in</i> Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1092-1109, https://doi.org/10.2112/08A-0003.1.","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1109","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/08A-0003.1"},{"id":239107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3100e4b0c8380cd5db52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, M. 0000-0002-3057-2945","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":49125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032917,"text":"70032917 - 2008 - Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70032917","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora","docAbstract":"The majority of planetary aurorae are produced by electrical currents flowing between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere which accelerate energetic charged particles that hit the upper atmosphere. At Saturn, these processes collisionally excite hydrogen, causing ultraviolet emission, and ionize the hydrogen, leading to H3+ infrared emission. Although the morphology of these aurorae is affected by changes in the solar wind, the source of the currents which produce them is a matter of debate. Recent models predict only weak emission away from the main auroral oval. Here we report images that show emission both poleward and equatorward of the main oval (separated by a region of low emission). The extensive polar emission is highly variable with time, and disappears when the main oval has a spiral morphology; this suggests that although the polar emission may be associated with minor increases in the dynamic pressure from the solar wind, it is not directly linked to strong magnetospheric compressions. This aurora appears to be unique to Saturn and cannot be explained using our current understanding of Saturn's magnetosphere. The equatorward arc of emission exists only on the nightside of the planet, and arises from internal magnetospheric processes that are currently unknown. ??2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature07440","issn":"00280","usgsCitation":"Stallard, T., Miller, S., Lystrup, M., Achilleos, N., Bunce, E., Arridge, C., Dougherty, M., Cowley, S., Badman, S., Talboys, D., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Sotin, C., Nicholson, P.D., and Drossart, P., 2008, Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora: Nature, v. 456, no. 7219, p. 214-217, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07440.","startPage":"214","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500618,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2381/25466","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07440"},{"id":240739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"456","issue":"7219","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f911e4b0c8380cd4d3f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallard, T.","contributorId":89357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, S.","contributorId":60351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lystrup, M.","contributorId":31987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lystrup","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Achilleos, N.","contributorId":49609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Achilleos","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunce, E.J.","contributorId":64459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunce","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arridge, C.S.","contributorId":87762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arridge","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dougherty, M.K.","contributorId":102279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dougherty","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cowley, S.W.H.","contributorId":30452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowley","given":"S.W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Badman, S.V.","contributorId":80492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Talboys, D.L.","contributorId":96093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talboys","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70030616,"text":"70030616 - 2008 - Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030616","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data","docAbstract":"We report Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations of coseismic displacements and postseismic transients from the great Sumatra-Andaman Islands (thrust event; Mw ???9.2) earthquake in December 2004. Instead of using global spherical harmonic solutions of monthly gravity fields, we estimated the gravity changes directly using intersatellite range-rate data with regionally concentrated spherical Slepian basis functions every 15-day interval. We found significant step-like (coseismic) and exponential-like (postseismic) behavior in the time series of estimated coefficients (from May 2003 to April 2007) for the spherical Slepian function's. After deriving coseismic slip estimates from seismic and geodetic data that spanned different time intervals, we estimated and evaluated postseismic relaxation mechanisms with alternate asthenosphere viscosity models. The large spatial coverage and uniform accuracy of our GRACE solution enabled us to clearly delineate a postseismic transient signal in the first 2 years of postearthquake GRACE data. Our preferred interpretation of the long-wavelength components of the postseismic avity change is biviscous viscoelastic flow. We estimated a transient viscosity of 5 ??17 Pa s and a steady state viscosity of 5 ?? 1018 - 1019 Pa s. Additional years of the GRACE observations should provide improved steady state viscosity estimates. In contrast to our interpretation of coseismic gravity change, the prominent postearthquake positive gravity change around the Nicobar Islands is accounted for by seafloor uplift with less postseismic perturbation in intrinsic density in the region surrounding the earthquake. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005705","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Han, S., Sauber, J., Luthcke, S., Ji, C., and Pollitz., F.F., 2008, Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005705.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476758,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005705"},{"id":239567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3928e4b0c8380cd6180e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, S.-C.","contributorId":11000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauber, J.","contributorId":31540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luthcke, S.B.","contributorId":33125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollitz., F. F.","contributorId":70188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz.","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032914,"text":"70032914 - 2008 - Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032914","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Twelve cores from the protected reef-flat of Molokai revealed that carbonate sediment accumulation, ranging from 3 mm year-1 to less than 1 mm year-1, ended on average 2,500 years ago. Modern sediment is present as a mobile surface veneer but is not trapped within the reef framework. This finding is consistent with the arrest of deposition at the end of the mid-Holocene highstand, known locally as the \"Kapapa Stand of the Sea,\" ???2 m above the present datum ca. 3,500 years ago in the main Hawaiian Islands. Subsequent erosion, non-deposition, and/or a lack of rigid binding were probable factors leading to the lack of reef-flat accumulation during the late Holocene sea-level fall. Given anticipated climate changes, increased sedimentation of reef-flat environments is to be expected as a consequence of higher sea level. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0410-7","issn":"07224","usgsCitation":"Engels, M., Fletcher, C.H., Field, M., Conger, C., and Bochicchio, C., 2008, Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 4, p. 991-996, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0410-7.","startPage":"991","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0410-7"},{"id":241213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe7be4b0c8380cd4ed55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engels, M.S.","contributorId":22159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engels","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, C. H.","contributorId":106671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.","contributorId":54003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conger, C.L.","contributorId":19784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bochicchio, C.","contributorId":33540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bochicchio","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191297,"text":"70191297 - 2008 - Axial high topography and partial melt in the crust and mantle beneath the western Galápagos Spreading Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-03T15:53:44","indexId":"70191297","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Axial high topography and partial melt in the crust and mantle beneath the western Galápagos Spreading Center","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hot spot-influenced western Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) has an axial topographic high that reaches heights of ∼700 m relative to seafloor depth ∼25 km from the axis. We investigate the cause of the unusual size of the axial high using a model that determines the flexural response to loads resulting from the thermal and magmatic structure of the lithosphere. The thermal structure simulated is appropriate for large amounts of cooling by hydrothermal circulation, which tends to minimize the amount of partial melt needed to explain the axial topography. Nonetheless, results reveal that the large axial high near 92°W requires that either the crust below the magma lens contains &gt;35% partial melt or that 20% melt is present in the lower crust and at least 3% in the mantle within a narrow column (&lt;∼10 km wide) extending to depths of 45–65 km. Because melt fractions &gt;35% in the crust are considered unreasonable, it is likely that much of the axial high region of the GSC is underlain by a narrow region of partially molten mantle of widths approaching those imaged seismically beneath the East Pacific Rise. A narrow zone of mantle upwelling and melting, driven largely by melt buoyancy, is a plausible explanation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002100","usgsCitation":"Blacic, T.M., Ito, G., Shah, A.K., Canales, J.P., and Lin, J., 2008, Axial high topography and partial melt in the crust and mantle beneath the western Galápagos Spreading Center: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 12, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002100.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-004410","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002100","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.2,\n              2.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2,\n              2.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2,\n              1.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2,\n              1.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2,\n              2.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d4a1abe4b05fe04cc4e10d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blacic, Tanya M.","contributorId":196897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blacic","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ito, Garrett","contributorId":67396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"Garrett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canales, Juan Pablo","contributorId":196896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canales","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Pablo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lin, Jian","contributorId":16930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70198270,"text":"70198270 - 2008 - Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:34:04.168925","indexId":"70198270","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli","docAbstract":"<p><span>Modeling of very long period seismic data recorded during explosive activity at Stromboli in 1997 provides an image of the uppermost 1 km of its volcanic plumbing system. Two distinct dike-like conduit structures are identified, each representative of explosive eruptions from two different vents located near the northern and southern perimeters of the summit crater. Inferred volumetric changes in the dikes are viewed as the result of a piston-like action of the magma associated with the disruption of a gas slug transiting through discontinuities in the dike apertures. Accompanying these volumetric source components are single vertical forces resulting from an exchange of linear momentum between the source and the Earth. In the dike system underlying the northern vent, a primary disruption site is inferred at an elevation near 440 m where a bifurcation in the conduit occurs. At a depth of 80 m below sea level (bsl), a sharp corner in the conduit marks another location where the elastic response of the solid to the action of the upper source induces pressure and momentum changes in the magma. In the conduit underlying the southern vent, the junction of two inclined dikes with a subvertical dike at 520 m of elevation is a primary site of gas slug disruption, and another conduit corner 280 m bsl represents a coupling location between the elastic response of the solid and fluid motion.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Stromboli volcano: An integrated study of the 2002-2003 eruption","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/182GM08","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P.B., and Martini, M., 2008, Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli, chap. <i>of</i> The Stromboli volcano: An integrated study of the 2002-2003 eruption, v. 182, p. 81-92, https://doi.org/10.1029/182GM08.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              15.213661193847658,\n              38.81189098781871\n            ],\n            [\n              15.190315246582033,\n              38.79771102715645\n            ],\n            [\n              15.184478759765627,\n              38.790753788294424\n            ],\n            [\n              15.191688537597654,\n              38.7800490179011\n            ],\n            [\n              15.201988220214846,\n              38.77656962147866\n            ],\n            [\n              15.215721130371096,\n             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Sonia","contributorId":168721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvari","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inguaggiato, Salvatore","contributorId":138807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inguaggiato","given":"Salvatore","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12533,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Palermo- Via Ugo La Malfa, 153,  90146 Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puglisi, Giuseppe","contributorId":192763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puglisi","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ripepe, Maurizio","contributorId":169435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ripepe","given":"Maurizio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosi, Mauro","contributorId":206499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosi","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, Marcello","contributorId":206498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martini","given":"Marcello","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030449,"text":"70030449 - 2008 - Influence of gravel mining and other factors on detection probabilities of Coastal Plain fishes in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030449","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of gravel mining and other factors on detection probabilities of Coastal Plain fishes in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama","docAbstract":"We used an information-theoretic approach to examine the variation in detection probabilities for 87 Piedmont and Coastal Plain fishes in relation to instream gravel mining in four Alabama streams of the Mobile River drainage. Biotic and abiotic variables were also included in candidate models. Detection probabilities were heterogeneous across species and varied with habitat type, stream, season, and water quality. Instream gravel mining influenced the variation in detection probabilities for 38% of the species collected, probably because it led to habitat loss and increased sedimentation. Higher detection probabilities were apparent at unmined sites than at mined sites for 78% of the species for which gravel mining was shown to influence detection probabilities, indicating potential negative impacts to these species. Physical and chemical attributes also explained the variation in detection probabilities for many species. These results indicate that anthropogenic impacts can affect detection probabilities for fishes, and such variation should be considered when developing monitoring programs or routine sampling protocols. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-153.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Hayer, C., and Irwin, E., 2008, Influence of gravel mining and other factors on detection probabilities of Coastal Plain fishes in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1606-1620, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-153.1.","startPage":"1606","endPage":"1620","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211836,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-153.1"},{"id":239206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3be4b0c8380cd62349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayer, C.-A.","contributorId":89343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayer","given":"C.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, E.R.","contributorId":90269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030448,"text":"70030448 - 2008 - Regional groundwater flow in mountainous terrain: Three‐dimensional simulations of topographic and hydrogeologic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:08:17","indexId":"70030448","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional groundwater flow in mountainous terrain: Three‐dimensional simulations of topographic and hydrogeologic controls","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content n/a main\"><p>This study uses numerical simulations to define the salient controls on regional groundwater flow in 3‐D mountainous terrain by systematically varying topographic and hydrogeologic variables. Topography for idealized multiple‐basin mountainous terrain is derived from geomatic data and literature values. Water table elevation, controlled by the ratio of recharge to hydraulic conductivity, largely controls the distribution of recharged water into local, regional, and perpendicular flow systems, perpendicular flow being perpendicular to the regional topographic gradient. Both the relative (%) and absolute (m<sup>3</sup>/d) values of regional flow and perpendicular flow are examined. The relationship between regional flow and water table elevation is highly nonlinear. With lower water table elevations, relative and absolute regional flow dramatically increase and decrease, respectively, as the water table is lowered further. However, for higher water table elevations above the top of the headwater stream, changes in water table elevation have little effect on regional flow. Local flow predominates in high water table configurations, with regional and perpendicular flow &lt;15% and &lt;10%, respectively, of total recharge in the models tested. Both the relative and the maximum absolute regional flow are directly controlled by the degree of incision of the mountain drainage network; the elevation of mountain ridges is considerably less important. The percentage of the headwater stream with perennial streamflow is a potentially powerful indicator of regional flow in all water table configurations and may be a good indicator of the susceptibility of mountain groundwater systems to increased aridity.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006848","usgsCitation":"Gleeson, T., and Manning, A.H., 2008, Regional groundwater flow in mountainous terrain: Three‐dimensional simulations of topographic and hydrogeologic controls: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 10, Article W10403; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006848.","productDescription":"Article W10403; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr006848","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a523e4b0e8fec6cdbd3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":81041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035226,"text":"70035226 - 2008 - Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035226","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona","docAbstract":"Late Miocene and early Pliocene sediments exposed along the lower Colorado River near Laughlin, Nevada, contain evidence that establishment of this reach of the river after 5.6 Ma involved flooding from lake spillover through a bedrock divide between Cottonwood Valley to the north and Mohave Valley to the south. Lacustrine marls interfingered with and conformably overlying a sequence of post-5.6 Ma finegrained valley-fill deposits record an early phase of intermittent lacustrine inundation restricted to Cottonwood Valley. Limestone, mud, sand, and minor gravel of the Bouse Formation were subsequently deposited above an unconformity. At the north end of Mohave Valley, a coarse-grained, lithologically distinct fluvial conglomerate separates subaerial, locally derived fan deposits from subaqueous deposits of the Bouse Formation. We interpret this key unit as evidence for overtopping and catastrophic breaching of the paleodivide immediately before deep lacustrine inundation of both valleys. Exposures in both valleys reveal a substantial erosional unconformity that records drainage of the lake and predates the arrival of sediment of the through-going Colorado River. Subsequent river aggradation culminated in the Pliocene between 4.1 and 3.3 Ma. The stratigraphic associations and timing of this drainage transition are consistent with geochemical evidence linking lacustrine conditions to the early Colorado River, the timings of drainage integration and canyon incision on the Colorado Plateau, the arrival of Colorado River sand at its terminus in the Salton Trough, and a downstream-directed mode of river integration common in areas of crustal extension. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(15)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"House, P., Pearthree, P., and Perkins, M.E., 2008, Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 335-353, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(15).","startPage":"335","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(15)"},{"id":242866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98f6e4b08c986b31c1a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, P.K.","contributorId":25755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearthree, P. A.","contributorId":77236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearthree","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194292,"text":"70194292 - 2008 - Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:25:54","indexId":"70194292","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>High spatial and spectral resolution reflectance data acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument reveal the presence of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O- and SiOH-bearing phases on the Martian surface. The spectra are most consistent with opaline silica and glass altered to various degrees, confirming predictions based on geochemical experiments and models that amorphous silica should be a common weathering product of the basaltic Martian crust. These materials are associated with hydrated Fe sulfates, including H</span><sub>3</sub><span>O-bearing jarosite, and are found in finely stratified deposits exposed on the floor of and on the plains surrounding the Valles Marineris canyon system. Stratigraphic relationships place the formation age of these deposits in the late Hesperian or possibly the Amazonian, implying that aqueous alteration continued to be an important and regionally extensive process on Mars during that time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24967A.1","usgsCitation":"Milliken, R.E., Swayze, G.A., Arvidson, R.E., Bishop, J., Clark, R.N., Ehlmann, B.L., Green, R., Grotzinger, J., Morris, R., Murchie, S.L., Mustard, J.F., and Weitz, C., 2008, Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars: Geology, v. 36, no. 11, p. 847-850, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24967A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"850","ipdsId":"IP-005006","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8ee4b06e28e9c257df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milliken, Ralph E.","contributorId":113334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, Janice L","contributorId":156315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Janice L","affiliations":[{"id":20310,"text":"SETI Institute, 89 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA, USA 94043","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ehlmann, Bethany L. 0000-0002-2745-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3240","contributorId":147154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":56271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grotzinger, John P.","contributorId":22247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":173327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27209,"text":"NASA Johnson Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L. 0000-0002-1616-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1616-8751","contributorId":189161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mustard, John F.","contributorId":189152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mustard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Weitz, C.","contributorId":107409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70035303,"text":"70035303 - 2008 - Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T09:08:53","indexId":"70035303","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon ages of 24 samples from oceanic crust recovered in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole U1309D and from the surface of Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (30&deg;N) document a protracted history of accretion in the footwall to an oceanic detachment fault. Ages for 18 samples of evolved Fe-Ti oxide gabbro and felsic dikes collected 40&ndash;1415 m below seafloor in U1309D yield a weighted mean of 1.20 &plusmn; 0.03 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates = 7.1). However, the ages range from 1.08 &plusmn; 0.07 Ma and 1.28 &plusmn; 0.05 Ma indicating crustal construction occurred over a minimum of 100&ndash;200 ka. The zircon ages, along with petrologic observations, indicate at least 2 major periods of intrusive activity with age peaks separated by 70 ka. The oldest ages are observed below 600 mbsf, an observation inconsistent with models requiring constant depth melt intrusion beneath a detachment fault. The data are most consistent with a &ldquo;multiple sill&rdquo; model whereby sills intrude at random depths below the ridge axis over a length scale greater than 1.4 km. Zircon ages from broadly spaced samples collected along the southern ridge of Atlantis Massif yield a detachment fault slip rate of 28.7 &plusmn; 6.7 mm/a and imply significant asymmetric plate spreading (up to 100% on the North American plate) for at least 200 ka during core complex formation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002063","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Grimes, C.B., John, B., Cheadle, M.J., and Wooden, J., 2008, Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR): Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 8, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002063.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476662,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002063"},{"id":243071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f9be4b0c8380cd7f873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, Barbara E.","contributorId":61833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheadle, Michael J.","contributorId":68945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheadle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009726,"text":"70009726 - 2008 - InSAR observations of deformation associated with new episodes of volcanism at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T11:42:53","indexId":"70009726","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"InSAR observations of deformation associated with new episodes of volcanism at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 2007","docAbstract":"<p>In June 2007, the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of <span>Kīlauea</span> Volcano was interrupted when magma intruded the east rift zone (ERZ), resulting in a small extrusion of lava near Makaopuhi Crater. Deformation associated with the activity was exceptionally well-documented by ASAR interferometry, which indicates deflation of the summit and uplift and extension of the ERZ. Models of co-intrusion interferograms suggest that the dike was emplaced in two distinct segments. The modeled volume of the dike greatly exceeds that of the deflation source, raising the possibility that magma from the downrift <span>Pu'u 'Ō'ō</span> vent (dominant extrusion site at <span>Kīlauea</span> since 1983) contributed to the eruption near Makaopuhi, or that the magma that fed the eruption from the summit was compressible. A month following the Makaopuhi eruption, an eruptive fissure opened on the east flank of <span>Pu'u 'Ō'ō</span>. Interferograms, processed within 48 hours of the event, were critical in demonstrating that the magma source feeding the eruption was shallow. The eruption probably resulted from overpressure in <span>Pu'u 'Ō'ō</span>'s magmatic system.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fringe 2007 Workshop ","conferenceDate":"November 26-30, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Frascati","language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., 2008, InSAR observations of deformation associated with new episodes of volcanism at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 2007, <i>in</i> European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, Frascati, November 26-30, 2007, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39d0e4b0c8380cd61a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034485,"text":"70034485 - 2008 - Holocene vertical displacement on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034485","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene vertical displacement on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","docAbstract":"Compiled per-event vertical-displacement observations from 17 paleoseismic sites along the six central segments of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) highlight possible biases and trends in displacement along the fault. The displacement data are consistent with a model of characteristic-type slip, but anomalous and variable displacements indicate that significant natural variability in displacement occurs. When combined into a composite distribution of displacement, 79% of the data fit within a displacement envelope that shows displacement decreasing in a half-ellipse shape from 1.4-3.5 m near the segment centers to 0.6-2.5 m near the ends. Additionally, displacements normalized by the distance from the segment centers to ends decrease from means of 2.0-3.0 m near the segment centers to 1.3-1.9 m near the ends, consistent with characteristic-type slip termination. Although several paleoseismic sites exhibit repeated, similar displacements, the data are sparse and both low-valued (0.5-0.8 m) and high-valued (4.2-4.7 m) outliers suggest complex strain release, possibly resulting from segment interaction and/or noncharacteristic events. Although a global, normal-fault-type surface-rupture-length (SRL) average-displacement regression underpredicts observed WFZ displacements, the largest displacements per segment correspond well with a SRL maximum-displacement regression. This correlation, as well as moderate variability in SRL- and displacement-based moment magnitude, suggests that the anomalous displacements represent the intrinsic variability in characteristic displacement per segment. Thus, minor variations to the characteristic slip model to account for exceptional upper- and lower-bound displacements, e.g., a hybrid characteristic-variable slip model, may be appropriate for the WFZ. Additional paleoseismic data are necessary to address data gaps and biases, to facilitate more robust tests of earthquake-slip models, and to reduce uncertainty in SRL, displacement, and magnitude.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080119","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"DuRoss, C., 2008, Holocene vertical displacement on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 6, p. 2918-2933, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080119.","startPage":"2918","endPage":"2933","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080119"},{"id":243749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31fce4b0c8380cd5e40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuRoss, C. B.","contributorId":86003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"C. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009744,"text":"70009744 - 2008 - A simulation/optimization model for groundwater resources management in the Afram Plains area, Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70009744","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation/optimization model for groundwater resources management in the Afram Plains area, Ghana","docAbstract":"A groundwater flow simulation model was developed using available hydrogeo logical data to A groundwater flow simulation model was developed using available hydrogeological data to describe groundwater flow in the Afram Plains area. A nonlinear optimization model was then developed and solved for the management of groundwater resources to meet irrigation and household needs. The objective was to maximize groundwater extraction for irrigation activities from the shallow aquifers of the southern Voltaian Sedimentary Basin that underly the area This would improve food security, raise the standard of living and ultimately alleviate poverty in the Afram Plains. The calibrated flow model is in tandem with the general hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the area and fits the observed data with about a 98% degree of confidence. Groundwater resources may not be the limiting factor in the development of irrigated agriculture. Groundwater has tremendous potential to meet current and future irrigation needs. It was determined from this study that profit from maize irrigation in the Afram Plains area could rise from US$301, 000 in 2007 to over US$3.5 million by the end of the last management period (2013) as irrigation practice is improved, and the economic strength to increase the acreage for irrigation improves. Even with these margins of profit, the drawdown constraint was not reached in any of the management periods. It is expected that rechargefrom the irrigation water would reclaim the lost hydraulic head. The single significant constraint was the amount of land area that could be developed for irrigation in the area. The profit obtained per unit cubic meter of water used also improved over the same management period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10583912","usgsCitation":"Yidana, S., 2008, A simulation/optimization model for groundwater resources management in the Afram Plains area, Ghana: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 16, p. 1-14.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e598e4b0c8380cd46e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030513,"text":"70030513 - 2008 - Soil sail content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:50:41.322664","indexId":"70030513","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil sail content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil salinization is one of the most common land degradation processes and is a severe environmental hazard. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the potential of predicting salt content in soils with hyperspectral data acquired with EO-1 Hyperion. Both partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and conventional multiple linear regression (MLR), such as stepwise regression (SWR), were tested as the prediction model. PLSR is commonly used to overcome the problem caused by high-dimensional and correlated predictors. Chemical analysis of 95 samples collected from the top layer of soils in the Yellow River delta area shows that salt content was high on average, and the dominant chemicals in the saline soil were NaCl and MgCl</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Multivariate models were established between soil contents and hyperspectral data. Our results indicate that the PLSR technique with laboratory spectral data has a strong prediction capacity. Spectral bands at 1487–1527, 1971–1991, 2032–2092, and 2163–2355 nm possessed large absolute values of regression coefficients, with the largest coefficient at 2203 nm. We obtained a root mean squared error (RMSE) for calibration (with 61 samples) of RMSE</span><sub>C</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.753 (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.893) and a root mean squared error for validation (with 30 samples) of RMSE</span><sub>V</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.574. The prediction model was applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis to a Hyperion reflectance image to yield a quantitative surface distribution map of soil salt content. The result was validated successfully from 38 sampling points. We obtained an RMSE estimate of 1.037 (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.784) for the soil salt content map derived by the PLSR model. The salinity map derived from the SWR model shows that the predicted value is higher than the true value. These results demonstrate that the PLSR method is a more suitable technique than stepwise regression for quantitative estimation of soil salt content in a large area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Weng, Y., Gong, P., and Zhu, Z., 2008, Soil sail content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 3, p. 259-270.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.5589/m08-017"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9218e4b08c986b319ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weng, Yongling","contributorId":64767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Yongling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gong, Peng","contributorId":102393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gong","given":"Peng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030515,"text":"70030515 - 2008 - Mantle structure beneath the western edge of the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T14:03:49","indexId":"70030515","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle structure beneath the western edge of the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"<p>Teleseismic traveltime data are inverted for mantle Vp and Vs variations beneath a 1400 km long line of broadband seismometers extending from eastern New Mexico to western Utah. The model spans 600 km beneath the moho with resolution of ~50 km. Inversions show a sharp, large-magnitude velocity contrast across the Colorado Plateau-Great Basin transition extending ~200 km below the crust. Also imaged is a fast anomaly 300 to 600 km beneath the NW portion of the array. Very slow velocities beneath the Great Basin imply partial melting and/or anomalously wet mantle. We propose that the sharp contrast in mantle velocities across the western edge of the Plateau corresponds to differential lithospheric modification, during and following Farallon subduction, across a boundary defining the western extent of unmodified Proterozoic mantle lithosphere. The deep fast anomaly corresponds to thickened Farallon plate or detached continental lithosphere at transition zone depths. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GL033391","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Sine, C., Wilson, D., Gao, W., Grand, S., Aster, R., Ni, J., and Baldridge, W., 2008, Mantle structure beneath the western edge of the Colorado Plateau: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033391.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211785,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033391"}],"volume":"35","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cd8e4b0c8380cd69f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sine, C.R.","contributorId":34720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sine","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, D.","contributorId":30353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gao, W.","contributorId":42031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, S.P.","contributorId":22965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aster, R.","contributorId":84153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aster","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ni, J.","contributorId":105120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ni","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baldridge, W.S.","contributorId":63956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030546,"text":"70030546 - 2008 - Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030546","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions","docAbstract":"We construct a viscoelastic cycle model of plate boundary deformation that includes the effect of time-dependent interseismic strain accumulation, coseismic strain release, and viscoelastic relaxation of the substrate beneath the seismogenic crust. For a given fault system, time-averaged stress changes at any point (not on a fault) are constrained to zero; that is, kinematic consistency is enforced for the fault system. The dates of last rupture, mean recurrence times, and the slip distributions of the (assumed) repeating ruptures are key inputs into the viscoelastic cycle model. This simple formulation allows construction of stress evolution at all points in the plate boundary zone for purposes of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Stress evolution is combined with a Coulomb failure stress threshold at representative points on the fault segments to estimate the times of their respective future ruptures. In our PSHA we consider uncertainties in a four-dimensional parameter space: the rupture peridocities, slip distributions, time of last earthquake (for prehistoric ruptures) and Coulomb failure stress thresholds. We apply this methodology to the San Francisco Bay region using a recently determined fault chronology of area faults. Assuming single-segment rupture scenarios, we find that fature rupture probabilities of area faults in the coming decades are the highest for the southern Hayward, Rodgers Creek, and northern Calaveras faults. This conclusion is qualitatively similar to that of Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, but the probabilities derived here are significantly higher. Given that fault rupture probabilities are highly model-dependent, no single model should be used to assess to time-dependent rupture probabilities. We suggest that several models, including the present one, be used in a comprehensive PSHA methodology, as was done by Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005227","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Schwartz, D.P., 2008, Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005227.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476717,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005227","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005227"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c9de4b0c8380cd7e7b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70177123,"text":"70177123 - 2008 - Modeling the effects of fire severity and spatial complexity on Small Mammals in Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T13:07:07","indexId":"70177123","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of fire severity and spatial complexity on Small Mammals in Yosemite National Park, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated the impact of fire severity and related spatial and vegetative parameters on small mammal populations in 2 yr- to 15 yr-old burns in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We also developed habitat models that would predict small mammal responses to fires of differing severity. We hypothesized that fire severity would influence the abundances of small mammals through changes in vegetation composition, structure, and spatial habitat complexity. Deer mouse (</span><i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i><span>) abundance responded negatively to fire severity, and brush mouse (</span><i>P. boylii</i><span>) abundance increased with increasing oak tree (</span><i>Quercus spp</i><span>.) cover. Chipmunk (</span><i>Neotamias spp</i><span>.) abundance was best predicted through a combination of a negative response to oak tree cover and a positive response to spatial habitat complexity. California ground squirrel (</span><i>Spermophilus beecheyi</i><span>) abundance increased with increasing spatial habitat complexity. Our results suggest that fire severity, with subsequent changes in vegetation structure and habitat spatial complexity, can influence small mammal abundance patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0402083","usgsCitation":"Roberts, S.L., Van Wagtendonk, J.W., Miles, A.K., Kelt, D.A., and Lutz, J.A., 2008, Modeling the effects of fire severity and spatial complexity on Small Mammals in Yosemite National Park, California: Fire Ecology, v. 4, no. 2, p. 83-104, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0402083.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0402083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088689e4b0f497e78e24e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Susan L.","contributorId":85312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelt, Douglas A.","contributorId":97232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelt","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutz, James A.","contributorId":139178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182242,"text":"70182242 - 2008 - Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T09:39:21","indexId":"70182242","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5301,"text":"Public Administration Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]","docAbstract":"<p>When Linda Pilkey- Jarvis and Orrin Pilkey state in their article, \"Useless Arithmetic,\" that \"mathematical models are simplified, generalized representations of a process or system,\" they probably do not mean to imply that these models are simple. Rather, the models are simpler than nature and that is the heart of the problem with predictive models. We have had a long professional association with the developers and users of one of these simplifications of nature in the form of a mathematical model known as Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM), which is part of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). The IFIM is a suite of techniques, including PHABSIM, that allows the analyst to incorporate hydrology , hydraulics, habitat, water quality, stream temperature, and other variables into a tradeoff analysis that decision makers can use to design a flow regime to meet management objectives (Stalnaker et al. 1995). Although we are not the developers of the IFIM, we have worked with those who did design it, and we have tried to understand how the IFIM and PHABSIM are actually used in decision making (King, Burkardt, and Clark 2006; Lamb 1989).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Public Administration","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., and Burkardt, N., 2008, Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]: Public Administration Review, v. 68, no. 3, p. 55-60.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13de4b01ccd54f9ee22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030450,"text":"70030450 - 2008 - Den-site characteristics of black bears in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030450","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Den-site characteristics of black bears in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"We compared historic (1985-1992) and contemporary (2003-2006) black bear (Ursus americanus) den locations in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, USA, for habitat and physiographic attributes of den sites and used maximum entropy modeling to determine which factors were most influential in predicting den-site locations. We observed variability in the relationship between den locations and distance to trails and elevation over rime. Locations of historic den sites were most associated with slope, elevation, and covertype, whereas contemporary sites were associated with slope, distance to roads, aspect, and canopy height. Although relationships to covariates differed between historic and contemporary periods, preferred den-site characteristics consistently included steep slopes and factors associated with greater snow depth. Distribution of den locations shifted toward areas closer to human developments, indicating little negative influence of this factor on den-site selection by black bears in RMNP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2007-393","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, R., and Bender, L.C., 2008, Den-site characteristics of black bears in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 8, p. 1717-1724, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-393.","startPage":"1717","endPage":"1724","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-393"},{"id":239236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe93e4b0c8380cd4edda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, R.A.","contributorId":100206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, Louis C.","contributorId":72509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010387,"text":"70010387 - 2008 - Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2917,"text":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","docAbstract":"Biotechnology has been used extensively in the development of vaccines for aquaculture. Modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and microarray analysis have facilitated antigen discovery, construction of novel candidate vaccines, and assessments of vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and host response. This review focuses on DNA vaccines for finfish to illustrate biotechnology applications in this field. Although DNA vaccines for fish rhabdoviruses continue to show the highest efficacy, DNA vaccines for several other viral and bacterial fish pathogens have now been proven to provide significant protection against pathogen challenge. Studies of the fish rhabdovirus DNA vaccines have elucidated factors that affect DNA vaccine efficacy as well as the nature of the fish innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines. As tools for managing aquatic animal disease emergencies, DNA vaccines have advantages in speed, flexibility, and safety, and one fish DNA vaccine has been licensed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02531933","usgsCitation":"Kurath, G., 2008, Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals: OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, v. 27, no. 1, p. 175-196.","startPage":"175","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a0e4b0c8380cd4ad45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032051,"text":"70032051 - 2008 - The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T12:53:31","indexId":"70032051","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The analyses of sulfate content,&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>34</sup>S and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O of dissolved sulfate, and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O of water were carried out in a 14&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;crystalline massif located in the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland) to 1) assess the amount of the sulfate delivered to the surface and groundwater systems by modern atmospheric precipitation, 2) determine the effect of altitude on these parameters, and 3) investigate their seasonal variations. In April and November of 2002, August 2003, and March and September of 2005, samples of water were collected from springs and streams of the massif. During these seasons, sulfate contents and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) values varied from 5.80 to 18.00&nbsp;mg/l and from 3.96 to 8.23&permil;, respectively, showing distinctively higher values of<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) in wet seasons. The&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>34</sup>S(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) values had a relatively narrow range from 4.09 to 5.28&permil; and were similar to those reported for organic matter in soil and the canopy throughfall in the Sudety Mountains.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Sulfate content,&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>34</sup>S(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>),&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>), and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O(H<sub>2</sub>O) values revealed a remarkable dependence on the altitude. The calculated altitude effects for five season averages of these parameters were &minus;&nbsp;1.00&nbsp;mg/l/100&nbsp;m, &minus;&nbsp;0.18&permil;/100&nbsp;m, &minus;&nbsp;0.27&permil;/100&nbsp;m, and &minus;&nbsp;0.17&permil;/100&nbsp;m, respectively. This dependence on the altitude resulted mainly from the mixing of sulfates of different origins such as anthropogenic sulfate, sulfate produced in the soil within the weathered zone of the massif, and that one from the tree canopy. The oxygen isotope mass balance indicates that, in the study area, about one third of the sulfate delivered to the surface and groundwater by modern precipitation comes from anthropogenic pollution. Further interaction of meteoric water within the weathered rocks causes a continuous decrease of &delta;<sup>18</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>) values resulting from biological transformation of the sulfate due to plant vegetation and decomposition of organic matter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Szynkiewicz, A., Modelska, M., Jedrysek, M.O., and Mastalerz, M., 2008, The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland: Chemical Geology, v. 249, no. 1-2, p. 36-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006"}],"country":"Poland","otherGeospatial":"Sudety Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              16.5234375,\n              50.04302974380058\n            ],\n            [\n              16.5234375,\n              50.44351305245805\n            ],\n            [\n              16.864013671875,\n              50.44351305245805\n            ],\n            [\n              16.864013671875,\n              50.04302974380058\n            ],\n            [\n              16.5234375,\n              50.04302974380058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"249","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab13e4b08c986b322bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szynkiewicz, Anna","contributorId":39599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szynkiewicz","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modelska, Magdalena","contributorId":64045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modelska","given":"Magdalena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jedrysek, Mariusz Orion","contributorId":94513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jedrysek","given":"Mariusz","email":"","middleInitial":"Orion","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":105788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":17608,"text":"Indiana Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}