The Michigan Army National Guard’s Fort Custer Training Center (FCTC) in Battle Creek, Mich., has the responsibility to protect wetland resources on the training grounds while providing training opportunities, and for future development planning at the facility. The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data have been the primary wetland-boundary resource, but a check on scale and accuracy of the wetland boundary information for the Fort Custer Training Center was needed. In cooperation with the FCTC, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used an early spring IKONOS pan-sharpened satellite image to delineate the wetlands and create a more accurate wetland map for the FCTC. The USGS tested automated approaches (supervised and unsupervised classifications) to identify the wetland areas from the IKONOS satellite image, but the automated approaches alone did not yield accurate results. To ensure accurate wetland boundaries, the final wetland map was manually digitized on the basis of the automated supervised and unsupervised classifications, in combination with NWI data, field verifications, and visual interpretation of the IKONOS satellite image. The final wetland areas digitized from the IKONOS satellite imagery were similar to those in NWI; however, the wetland boundaries differed in some areas, a few wetlands mapped on the NWI were determined not to be wetlands from the IKONOS image and field verification, and additional previously unmapped wetlands not recognized by the NWI were identified from the IKONOS image.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065051","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Army National Guard’s Fort Custer Training Center, Battle Creek, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., Morgan, T., and Aichele, S., 2006, Wetland delineation with IKONOS high-resolution satellite imagery, Fort Custer Training Center, Battle Creek, Michigan, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5051, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065051.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065051.JPG"},{"id":7005,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Battle Creek","otherGeospatial":"Fort Custer Training Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.38110733032227,\n 42.28188103446502\n ],\n [\n -85.35106658935547,\n 42.28251604436822\n ],\n [\n -85.34059524536133,\n 42.281500025451145\n ],\n [\n -85.31896591186523,\n 42.27654669861049\n ],\n [\n -85.29338836669922,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -85.28549194335938,\n 42.28365904606614\n ],\n [\n -85.27999877929686,\n 42.2884848246275\n ],\n [\n -85.27948379516602,\n 42.294960946434664\n ],\n [\n -85.28034210205077,\n 42.30295994228175\n ],\n [\n -85.29424667358398,\n 42.30283298203012\n ],\n [\n -85.29407501220703,\n 42.31679707488094\n ],\n [\n -85.28429031372069,\n 42.31679707488094\n ],\n [\n -85.28514862060547,\n 42.326316271104325\n ],\n [\n -85.29253005981445,\n 42.32733156703218\n ],\n [\n -85.30128479003906,\n 42.3280930282246\n ],\n [\n -85.30506134033203,\n 42.330377356498\n ],\n [\n -85.3091812133789,\n 42.33266160181509\n ],\n [\n -85.3091812133789,\n 42.33545334454514\n ],\n [\n -85.32840728759766,\n 42.33380369336488\n ],\n [\n -85.32909393310547,\n 42.328473755364335\n ],\n [\n -85.33132553100586,\n 42.32504712815144\n ],\n [\n -85.33149719238281,\n 42.32073185059923\n ],\n [\n -85.33527374267578,\n 42.31755866357688\n ],\n [\n -85.33201217651367,\n 42.314131441861775\n ],\n [\n -85.33149719238281,\n 42.30753034083487\n ],\n [\n -85.34111022949219,\n 42.30867288862955\n ],\n [\n -85.34299850463867,\n 42.30854593989868\n ],\n [\n -85.34969329833984,\n 42.30295994228175\n ],\n [\n -85.35449981689453,\n 42.30283298203012\n ],\n [\n -85.37664413452148,\n 42.297754362032734\n ],\n [\n -85.38076400756836,\n 42.298135272741206\n ],\n [\n -85.38110733032227,\n 42.28188103446502\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, T.R.","contributorId":104152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":75303,"text":"ds177 - 2006 - Digital database of recently active traces of the Hayward Fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T11:10:23.824822","indexId":"ds177","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"177","title":"Digital database of recently active traces of the Hayward Fault, California","docAbstract":"The purpose of this map is to show the location of and evidence for recent movement on active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, California. The mapped traces represent the integration of the following three different types of data: (1) geomorphic expression, (2) creep (aseismic fault slip),and (3) trench exposures. This publication is a major revision of an earlier map (Lienkaemper, 1992), which both brings up to date the evidence for faulting and makes it available formatted both as a digital database for use within a geographic information system (GIS) and for broader public access interactively using widely available viewing software. The pamphlet describes in detail the types of scientific observations used to make the map, gives references pertaining to the fault and the evidence of faulting, and provides guidance for use of and limitations of the map. [Last revised Nov. 2008, a minor update for 2007 LiDAR and recent trench investigations; see version history below.]","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds177","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., 2006, Digital Database of Recently Active Traces of the Hayward Fault, California (ver. 1.1, November 2008): U.S Geological Survey Data Series 177, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds177.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; Map; 24.00 x 36.00 inches; GIS Data Files; KMZ File","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373592,"rank":7,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_data.zip","text":"Base Maps","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":373591,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_dataNobase.zip","text":"ArcGIS Files","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":373590,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_posterpagesize.pdf","text":"Annotated Map (Page Size)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373589,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_recurrence.pdf","text":"Historical Timeline","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_poster.pdf","text":"Annotated Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373587,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421861,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75555.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":373595,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/versionhistory.txt","text":"Version History","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":373594,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_km.zip","text":"KM 0-70 Maps","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":373593,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/ds177_index.zip","text":"Index Maps","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 37.965854128749434\n ],\n [\n -121.88232421875,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.65710449218749,\n 37.60117623656667\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 38.026458711461245\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 37.965854128749434\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised November 14, 2008","contact":"","publishedDate":"2006-03-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31362,"text":"ofr00444 - 2000 - Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database","indexId":"ofr00444","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","indexId":"ofr20061037","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T17:05:14","indexId":"ofr20061037","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1037","title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","docAbstract":"This report presents a map and database of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility for the urban core of the San Francisco Bay region. It supercedes the equivalent area of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-444 (Knudsen and others, 2000), which covers the larger 9-county San Francisco Bay region. The report consists of (1) a spatial database, (2) two small-scale colored maps (Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility), (3) a text describing the Quaternary map and liquefaction interpretation (part 3), and (4) a text introducing the report and describing the database (part 1). All parts of the report are digital; part 1 describes the database and digital files and how to obtain them by downloading across the internet. The nine counties surrounding San Francisco Bay straddle the San Andreas fault system, which exposes the region to serious earthquake hazard (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 1999). Much of the land adjacent to the Bay and the major rivers and streams is underlain by unconsolidated deposits that are particularly vulnerable to earthquake shaking and liquefaction of water-saturated granular sediment. This new map provides a consistent detailed treatment of the central part of the 9-county region in which much of the mapping of Open-File Report 00-444 was either at smaller (less detailed) scale or represented only preliminary revision of earlier work. Like Open-File Report 00-444, the current mapping uses geomorphic expression, pedogenic soils, inferred depositional environments, and geologic age to define and distinguish the map units. Further scrutiny of the factors controlling liquefaction susceptibility has led to some changes relative to Open-File Report 00-444: particularly the reclassification of San Francisco Bay mud (Qhbm) to have only MODERATE susceptibility and the rating of artificial fills according to the Quaternary map units inferred to underlie them (other than dams - adf). The two colored maps provide a regional summary of the new mapping at a scale of 1:200,000, a scale that is sufficient to show the general distribution and relationships of the map units but not to distinguish the more detailed elements that are present in the database. The report is the product of cooperative work by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, William Lettis and & Associates, Inc. (WLA), and the California Geological Survey. An earlier version was submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey by WLA as a final report for a NEHRP grant (Witter and others, 2005). The mapping has been carried out by WLA geologists under contract to the NEHRP Earthquake Program (Grant 99-HQ-GR-0095) and by the California Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., Knudsen, K.L., Sowers, J.M., Wentworth, C.M., Koehler, R., Randolph, C.E., Brooks, S.K., and Gans, K.D., 2006, Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California (Version 1.1 Revised May 2006, Supersedes Area of OFR 00-444): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1037, Report: 12 p.; Maps; Data files; GIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061037.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; Maps; Data files; GIS files","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110620,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75358.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"75358"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,37.1175 ], [ -123,38.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,37.1175 ], [ -123,37.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1 Revised May 2006, Supersedes Area of OFR 00-444","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knudsen, Keith L. 0000-0003-2826-5812 kknudsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5812","contributorId":3758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Keith","email":"kknudsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sowers, Janet M.","contributorId":51318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koehler, Richard D.","contributorId":76993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Randolph, Carolyn E.","contributorId":33581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Suzanna K.","contributorId":77183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Suzanna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gans, Kathleen D. 0000-0002-7545-9655 kgans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7545-9655","contributorId":5403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gans","given":"Kathleen","email":"kgans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":75263,"text":"ofr20061036 - 2006 - Quantitative x-ray diffraction mineralogy of Los Angeles basin core samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"ofr20061036","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1036","title":"Quantitative x-ray diffraction mineralogy of Los Angeles basin core samples","docAbstract":"This report contains X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of mineralogy for 81 sediment samples from cores taken from three drill holes in the Los Angeles Basin in 2000-2001. We analyzed 26 samples from Pier F core, 29 from Pier C core, and 26 from the Webster core. These three sites provide an offshore-onshore record across the Southern California coastal zone. This report is designed to be a data repository; these data will be used in further studies, including geochemical modeling as part of the CABRILLO project. Summary tables quantify the major mineral groups, whereas detailed mineralogy is presented in three appendices. The rationale, methodology, and techniques are described in the following paper.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061036","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., McIntyre, B.R., Edwards, B.D., and Lakota, O.I., 2006, Quantitative x-ray diffraction mineralogy of Los Angeles basin core samples (Version 1.0, revised and reprinted): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1036, iii, 27 p.: ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061036.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.: ill.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7001,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0, revised and reprinted","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, Brandie R.","contributorId":98812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Brandie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lakota, Orion I.","contributorId":33396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakota","given":"Orion","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":75283,"text":"ofr20061042 - 2006 - Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"ofr20061042","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1042","title":"Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report contains 10 interpretive cross sections and an integrated text describing the geology of parts of the Colorado, White River, and Death Valley regional ground-water flow systems, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. The primary purpose of the report is to provide geologic framework data for input into a numerical ground-water model. Therefore, the stratigraphic and structural summaries are written in a hydrogeologic context.\r\n\r\nThe oldest rocks (basement) are Early Proterozoic metamorphic and intrusive crystalline rocks that are considered confining units because of their low permeability. Late Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian clastic units overlie the crystalline rocks and are also considered confining units within the regional flow systems. Above the clastic units are Middle Cambrian to Lower Permian carbonate rocks that are the primary aquifers in the flow systems. The Middle Cambrian to Lower Permian carbonate rocks are overlain by a sequence of mainly clastic rocks of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic age that are mostly considered confining units, but they may be permeable where faulted.\r\n\r\nTertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks are exposed in the northern and southern parts of the study area. In the Clover and Delamar Mountains, these rocks are highly deformed by north- and northwest-striking normal and strike-slip faults that are probably important conduits in transmitting ground water from the basins in the northern Colorado and White River flow systems to basins in the southern part of the flow systems.\r\n\r\nThe youngest rocks in the region are Tertiary to Quaternary basin-fill deposits. These rocks consist of middle to late Tertiary sediments consisting of limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, tuff, and gypsum, and younger Quaternary surficial units consisting of alluvium, colluvium, playa deposits, and eolian deposits. Basin-fill deposits are both aquifers and aquitards.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061042","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2006, Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1042, iii, 15 p.: ill.; maps; data files, GIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061042.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.: ill.; maps; data files, GIS files","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a26c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":75063,"text":"wdrKS051 - 2006 - Water resources data Kansas, water year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"wdrKS051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-05-1","title":"Water resources data Kansas, water year 2005","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS051","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J.E., and Schneider, D., 2006, Water resources data Kansas, water year 2005 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-05-1, 635 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS051.","productDescription":"635 p.","numberOfPages":"635","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-ks-05-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7fec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, James E. jputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":2021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"James","email":"jputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, D.R.","contributorId":67579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":75073,"text":"sir20065033 - 2006 - Hydraulic and geomorphic monitoring of experimental bridge scour mitigation at selected bridges in Utah, 2003-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T10:19:08","indexId":"sir20065033","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5033","title":"Hydraulic and geomorphic monitoring of experimental bridge scour mitigation at selected bridges in Utah, 2003-05","docAbstract":"Unique bridge scour mitigation designs using concrete A-Jacks were developed by the Utah Department of Transportation and installed at the Colorado River Bridge at State Road 191 and the Green River Bridge at State Road 19. The U.S. Geological Survey monitored stream reaches at these sites by collecting streambed-topography and water-velocity data from 2003 through 2005. These data were acquired annually from a moving boat with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and a differential global positioning system. Raw unordered data were processed and readied for interpolation into organized datasets with DopplerMacros, a set of computer programs. Processed streambed topography data were geostatistically interpolated by using Ordinary Kriging, and inverse distance weighting interpolation was used in the development of the two-dimensional velocity datasets. These organized datasets of topography and velocity were developed for each survey of the two bridge sites. A comparison of the riverbed topography data for each survey was done. An increase in bed elevation related to the installation of the A-Jacks scour countermeasures is evident at the Colorado River Bridge at State Road 191. The three topographic datasets acquired after the installation at the Green River Bridge at State Road 19 show few changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/sir20065033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Kenney, T.A., and McKinney, T., 2006, Hydraulic and geomorphic monitoring of experimental bridge scour mitigation at selected bridges in Utah, 2003-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5033, Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendixes A-D in separate files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065033.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendixes A-D in separate files","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7620,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenney, Terry A. 0000-0003-4477-7295 tkenney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7295","contributorId":447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"Terry","email":"tkenney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinney, Tim S.","contributorId":66792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Tim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176312,"text":"70176312 - 2006 - Confirmation and calibration of computer modeling of tsunamis produced by Augustine volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T17:44:59","indexId":"70176312","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3351,"text":"Science of Tsunami Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Confirmation and calibration of computer modeling of tsunamis produced by Augustine volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Many mining-impacted streams in western Montana with pH near or above neutrality display large (up to 500%) diel cycles in dissolved Zn concentrations. The streams in question typically contain boulders coated with a thin biofilm, as well as black mineral crusts composed of hydrous Mn–Zn oxides. Laboratory mesocosm experiments simulating diel behavior in High Ore Creek (one of the Montana streams with particularly high Zn concentrations) show that the Zn cycles are not caused by 24-h changes in streamflow or hyporheic exchange, but rather to reversible in-stream processes that are driven by the solar cycle and its attendant influence on pH and water temperature (T). Laboratory experiments using natural Mn–Zn precipitates from the creek show that the mobilities of Zn and Mn increase nearly an order of magnitude for each unit decrease in pH, and decrease 2.4-fold for an increase in T from 5 to 20 °C. The response of dissolved metal concentration to small changes in either pH or T was rapid and reversible, and dissolved Zn concentrations were roughly an order of magnitude higher than Mn. These observations are best explained by sorption of Zn2+ and Mn2+ onto the secondary Mn–Zn oxide surfaces. From the T-dependence of residual metal concentrations in solution, approximate adsorption enthalpies of +50 kJ/mol (Zn) and +46 kJ/mol (Mn) were obtained, which are within the range of enthalpy values reported in the literature for sorption of divalent metal cations onto hydrous metal oxides. Using the derived pH- and T-dependencies from the experiments, good agreement is shown between predicted and observed diel Zn cycles for several historical data sets collected from High Ore Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.11.004","usgsCitation":"Shope, C.L., Xie, Y., and Gammons, C.H., 2006, The influence of hydrous Mn–Zn oxides on diel cycling of Zn in an alkaline stream draining abandoned mine lands: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 3, p. 476-491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.11.004.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"476","endPage":"491","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fee4b014cc3a3ba530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shope, Christopher L. cshope@usgs.gov","contributorId":5016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"Christopher","email":"cshope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xie, Ying","contributorId":187619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xie","given":"Ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gammons, Christopher H.","contributorId":7822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammons","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":74853,"text":"ofr20061020 - 2006 - Sensitivity of Earthquake Loss Estimates to Source Modeling Assumptions and Uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"ofr20061020","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1020","title":"Sensitivity of Earthquake Loss Estimates to Source Modeling Assumptions and Uncertainty","docAbstract":"Introduction: This report explores how uncertainty in an earthquake source model may affect estimates of earthquake economic loss. Specifically, it focuses on the earthquake source model for the San Francisco Bay region (SFBR) created by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities. The loss calculations are made using HAZUS-MH, a publicly available computer program developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for calculating future losses from earthquakes, floods and hurricanes within the United States. The database built into HAZUS-MH includes a detailed building inventory, population data, data on transportation corridors, bridges, utility lifelines, etc. Earthquake hazard in the loss calculations is based upon expected (median value) ground motion maps called ShakeMaps calculated for the scenario earthquake sources defined in WGCEP. \r\n\r\nThe study considers the effect of relaxing certain assumptions in the WG02 model, and explores the effect of hypothetical reductions in epistemic uncertainty in parts of the model. For example, it addresses questions such as what would happen to the calculated loss distribution if the uncertainty in slip rate in the WG02 model were reduced (say, by obtaining additional geologic data)? What would happen if the geometry or amount of aseismic slip (creep) on the region's faults were better known? And what would be the effect on the calculated loss distribution if the time-dependent earthquake probability were better constrained, either by eliminating certain probability models or by better constraining the inherent randomness in earthquake recurrence? \r\n\r\nThe study does not consider the effect of reducing uncertainty in the hazard introduced through models of attenuation and local site characteristics, although these may have a comparable or greater effect than does source-related uncertainty. Nor does it consider sources of uncertainty in the building inventory, building fragility curves, and other assumptions adopted in the loss calculations. This is a sensitivity study aimed at future regional earthquake source modelers, so that they may be informed of the effects on loss introduced by modeling assumptions and epistemic uncertainty in the WG02 earthquake source model. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061020","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P.A., Shostak, N., and Terwilliger, S., 2006, Sensitivity of Earthquake Loss Estimates to Source Modeling Assumptions and Uncertainty (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1020, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061020.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6802,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f79b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, Paul A.","contributorId":35760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shostak, Nan","contributorId":93145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shostak","given":"Nan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terwilliger, Sharon","contributorId":82407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terwilliger","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":74803,"text":"ofr20061015 - 2006 - Vitrinite Reflectance Data for the Wind River Basin, Central Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"ofr20061015","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1015","title":"Vitrinite Reflectance Data for the Wind River Basin, Central Wyoming","docAbstract":"Introduction: The Wind River Basin is a large Laramide (Late Cretaceous through Eocene) structural and sedimentary basin that encompasses about 7,400 mi2 in central Wyoming. The basin boundaries are defined by fault-bounded Laramide uplifts that surround it, including the Owl Creek and Bighorn Mountains to the north, Wind River Range to the west, Granite Mountains to the south, and Casper Arch to the east. The purpose of this report is to present new vitrinite reflectance data to be used in support of the U.S Geological Survey assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Wind River Basin. One hundred and nineteen samples were collected from Jurassic through Tertiary rocks, mostly coal-bearing strata, in an effort to better understand and characterize the thermal maturation and burial history of potential source rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061015","usgsCitation":"Finn, T.M., Roberts, L.N., and Pawlewicz, M.J., 2006, Vitrinite Reflectance Data for the Wind River Basin, Central Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1015, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061015.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7605,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Thomas M. 0000-0001-6396-9351 finn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Thomas","email":"finn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Laura N.R.","contributorId":79530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"N.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":74543,"text":"sir20065041 - 2006 - Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20065041","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5041","title":"Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system","docAbstract":"Recharge is a vital component of the ground-water budget and methods for estimating it range from extremely complex to relatively simple. The most commonly used techniques, however, are limited by the scale of application. One method that can be used to estimate ground-water recharge includes process-based models that compute distributed water budgets on a watershed scale. These models should be evaluated to determine which model parameters are the dominant controls in determining ground-water recharge. \r\n\r\nSeven existing watershed models from different humid regions of the United States were chosen to analyze the sensitivity of simulated recharge to model parameters. Parameter sensitivities were determined using a nonlinear regression computer program to generate a suite of diagnostic statistics. The statistics identify model parameters that have the greatest effect on simulated ground-water recharge and that compare and contrast the hydrologic system responses to those parameters.\r\n\r\nSimulated recharge in the Lost River and Big Creek watersheds in Washington State was sensitive to small changes in air temperature. The Hamden watershed model in west-central Minnesota was developed to investigate the relations that wetlands and other landscape features have with runoff processes. Excess soil moisture in the Hamden watershed simulation was preferentially routed to wetlands, instead of to the ground-water system, resulting in little sensitivity of any parameters to recharge. Simulated recharge in the North Fork Pheasant Branch watershed, Wisconsin, demonstrated the greatest sensitivity to parameters related to evapotranspiration. Three watersheds were simulated as part of the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX). Parameter sensitivities for the MOPEX watersheds, Amite River, Louisiana and Mississippi, English River, Iowa, and South Branch Potomac River, West Virginia, were similar and most sensitive to small changes in air temperature and a user-defined flow routing parameter. \r\n\r\nAlthough the primary objective of this study was to identify, by geographic region, the importance of the parameter value to the simulation of ground-water recharge, the secondary objectives proved valuable for future modeling efforts. The value of a rigorous sensitivity analysis can (1) make the calibration process more efficient, (2) guide additional data collection, (3) identify model limitations, and (4) explain simulated results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065041","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., 2006, Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5041, vi, 21 p.: ill.; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065041.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.: ill.; maps","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68016b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":74153,"text":"ofr20061032 - 2006 - Estimating landslide losses - preliminary results of a seven-State pilot project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"ofr20061032","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1032","title":"Estimating landslide losses - preliminary results of a seven-State pilot project","docAbstract":"Introduction: In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program provided funding for seven State geological surveys to report on the status of landslide investigation strategies in each of their States, and to suggest improved ways to approach the tracking of landslides, their effects, losses associated with the landslides, and hazard mitigation strategies. Each State was to provide a draft report suggesting innovative ways to track landslides, and to participate in subsequent workshops. A workshop was convened in June 2003 in Lincoln, Neb., to discuss the results and future strategies on how best to incorporate the seven pilot projects into one methodology that all of the 50 States could adopt. The seven individual reports produced by the State surveys are published here to put forth a forum for discussion of the varying methods of tracking landslides. The goal is to eventually adopt a single, universally applied methodology to track landslides that will provide a consistent framework for collecting data on landslide damage and economic impact. Participating States include: California (James Davis, Jack McMillan); Kentucky (Jim Cobb, John Kiefer, John Rockaway); Nebraska (Mark Kuzila, Duane Eversoll); Ohio (Thomas Berg, Jon Rockaway), Oregon (John Beaulieu, Yumei Wang, Renee Summers, Jon Hofmeister); Pennsylvania (Jay Parrish, Helen Delano); Utah (Richard Allis, Francis Ashland). The USGS personnel involved in the planning and meeting facilitation are Paula Gori, Peter Lyttle, and John Pallister.\r\nThe general USGS strategy to address landslide loss reduction was developed with input from State geological surveys, the engineering-geology consulting community, and academic investigators. The strategy was reviewed by the National Research Council, 2004), is summarized in USGS Circular 1244 (Spiker and Gori, 2003) and is endorsed by the AASG.\r\nThis pilot study, conducted by seven State geological surveys, examines the feasibility of collecting accurate and reliable information on economic losses associated with landslides. Each State survey examined the availability, distribution, and inherent uncertainties of economic loss data in their study areas. Their results provide the basis for identifying the most fruitful methods of collecting landslide loss data nationally, using methods that are consistent and provide common goals. These results can enhance and establish the future directions of scientific investigation priorities by convincingly documenting landslide risks and consequences that are universal throughout the 50 States.\r\nThis report is organized as follows: A general summary of the pilot project history, goals, and preliminary conclusions from the Lincoln, Neb. workshop are presented first. Internet links are then provided for each State report, which appear on the internet in PDF format and which have been placed at the end of this open-file report. A reference section follows the reports, and, lastly, an Appendix of categories of landslide loss and sources of loss information is included for the reader's information. Please note: The Oregon Geological Survey has also submitted a preliminary report on indirect loss estimation methodology, which is also linked with the others. Each State report is unique and presented in the form in which it was submitted, having been independently peer reviewed by each respective State survey. As such, no universal 'style' or format has been adopted as there have been no decisions on which inventory methods will be recommended to the 50 states, as of this writing. The reports are presented here as information for decision makers, and for the record; although several reports provide recommendations on inventory methods that could be adopted nationwide, currently no decisions have been made on adopting a uniform methodology for the States.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061032","usgsCitation":"Highland, L.M., 2006, Estimating landslide losses - preliminary results of a seven-State pilot project (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1032, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061032.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc90e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Highland, Lynn M. highland@usgs.gov","contributorId":1292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highland","given":"Lynn","email":"highland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73903,"text":"ds172 - 2006 - Two-dimensional direct-current resistivity survey to supplement borehole data in ground-water models of the former Blaine Naval Ammunition Depot, Hastings, Nebraska, September 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T18:21:31","indexId":"ds172","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"172","title":"Two-dimensional direct-current resistivity survey to supplement borehole data in ground-water models of the former Blaine Naval Ammunition Depot, Hastings, Nebraska, September 2003","docAbstract":"The former Blaine Naval Ammunition Depot located immediately southeast of Hastings, Nebraska, was an ammunition facility during World War II and the Korean Conflict. Waste-management practices during operation and decommissioning of the former Depot resulted in soil and ground-water contamination. Ground-water models have been used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide information on the fate and transport of contaminants on the former Depot site. During September 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District, conducted a pilot study to collect two-dimensional direct-current resistivity data on the site along six profiles near existing monitoring wells. The inversion results of field data from five of the six two-dimensional direct-current resistivity profiles display distinct electrical stratigraphy consistent with three resistivity units (low resistivity, high resistivity, and low resistivity). These three resistivity units correlate with rock-stratigraphic or hydrogeologic units described prior to this study. To interpret the resistivity profiles, additional data extending through the lower confining unit into the underlying Niobrara Formation could be used with the existing data to construct forward models for data analysis and interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds172","usgsCitation":"Kress, W.H., Ball, L.B., Teeple, A., and Turco, M.J., 2006, Two-dimensional direct-current resistivity survey to supplement borehole data in ground-water models of the former Blaine Naval Ammunition Depot, Hastings, Nebraska, September 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 172, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds172.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds172.PNG"},{"id":7512,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Adams County, Clay County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.1,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -98.1,\n 40.4\n ],\n [\n -98.36,\n 40.52\n ],\n [\n -98.36,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -98.1,\n 40.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62393c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turco, Michael J. mjturco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"Michael","email":"mjturco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":73413,"text":"sir20065005 - 2006 - Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20065005","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5005","title":"Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples were collected from sites in four irrigation return-flow drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project from July 2002 through October 2004. Ten samples were collected throughout the irrigation season (generally April through October) and two samples were collected during the non-irrigation season. Samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and a suite of 107 pesticides and pesticide metabolites (pesticide transformation products) and to document the occurrence, distribution, and pesticides transport and pesticide metabolites.\r\n\r\nThe four drainage basins vary in size from 19 to 710 square miles. Percentage of agricultural cropland ranges from about 35 percent in Crab Creek drainage basin to a maximum of 75 percent in Lind Coulee drainage basin. More than 95 percent of cropland in Red Rock Coulee, Crab Creek, and Sand Hollow drainage basins is irrigated, whereas only 30 percent of cropland in Lind Coulee is irrigated. \r\n\r\nForty-two pesticides and five metabolites were detected in samples from the four irrigation return-flow drainage basins. The most compounds detected were in samples from Sand Hollow with 37, followed by Lind Coulee with 33, Red Rock Coulee with 30, and Crab Creek with 28. Herbicides were the most frequently detected pesticides, followed by insecticides, metabolites, and fungicides. Atrazine, bentazon, diuron, and 2,4-D were the most frequently detected herbicides and chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl were the most frequently detected insecticides. \r\n\r\nA statistical comparison of pesticide concentrations in surface-water samples collected in the mid-1990s at Crab Creek and Sand Hollow with those collected in this study showed a statistically significant increase in concentrations for diuron and a statistically significant decrease for ethoprophos and atrazine in Crab Creek. Statistically significant increases were in concentrations of bromacil, diuron, and pendimethalin at Sand Hollow and statistically significant decreases were in concentrations of 2,6-diethylanaline, alachlor, atrazine, DCPA, and EPTC. A seasonal Kendall trend test on data from Lind Coulee indicated no statistically significant trends for any pesticide for 1994 through 2004. \r\n\r\nA comparison of pesticide concentrations detected in this study with those detected in previous U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment studies of the Central Columbia Plateau, Yakima River basin, and national agricultural studies indicated that concentrations in this study generally were in the middle to lower end of the concentration spectrum for the most frequently detected herbicides and insecticides, but that the overall rate of detection was near the high end.\r\n\r\nThirty-one of the 42 herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides detected in surface-water samples were applied to the major agricultural crops in the drainage basins, and 11 of the detected pesticides are sold for residential application. Eight of the pesticides detected in surface-water samples were not reported as having any agricultural or residential use. The overall pattern of pesticide use depends on which crops are grown in each drainage basin. Drainage basins with predominantly more orchards have higher amounts of insecticides applied, whereas basins with larger percentages of field crops tend to have more herbicides applied. Pesticide usage was most similar in Crab Creek and Sand Hollow, where the largest total amounts applied were the insecticides azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, and chlorpyrifos and the herbicide EPTC. In Red Rock Coulee basin, DCPA was the most heavily applied herbicide, followed by the fungicide chlorothalonil, the herbicide EPTC, and the insecticides chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl. In Lind Coulee, which has a large percentage of dryland agricultural area, the herbicides 2,4-D and EPTC were applied in the largest amount, followed by the fungicide chlorothalonil. The","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065005","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.J., Frans, L.M., and Huffman, R.L., 2006, Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5005, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065005.","productDescription":"64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7499,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73443,"text":"ds169 - 2006 - Chemical and isotopic database of water and gas from hydrothermal systems with an emphasis for the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:22:29","indexId":"ds169","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"169","title":"Chemical and isotopic database of water and gas from hydrothermal systems with an emphasis for the western United States","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotope data accumulated by two USGS Projects (led by I. Barnes and R. Mariner) over a time period of about 40 years can now be found using a basic web search or through an image search (left). The data are primarily chemical and isotopic analyses of waters (thermal, mineral, or fresh) and associated gas (free and/or dissolved) collected from hot springs, mineral springs, cold springs, geothermal wells, fumaroles, and gas seeps. Additional information is available about the collection methods and analysis procedures.
The chemical and isotope data are stored in a MySQL database and accessed using PHP from a basic search form below. Data can also be accessed using an Open Source GIS called WorldKit by clicking on the image to the left. Additional information is available about WorldKit including the files used to set up the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds169","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Venezky, D., and Hurwitz, S., 2006, Chemical and isotopic database of water and gas from hydrothermal systems with an emphasis for the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 169, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds169.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7502,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Venezky, D.Y.","contributorId":64331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venezky","given":"D.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73423,"text":"ds156 - 2006 - Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"ds156","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"156","title":"Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds156","usgsCitation":"White, J.S., and Mathes, M.V., 2006, Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 156, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds156.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-1501-1074 jswhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1074","contributorId":3905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jswhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, Melvin V.","contributorId":77571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201095,"text":"70201095 - 2006 - Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:52:37","indexId":"70201095","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-01T11:18:23","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater","docAbstract":"The Microscopic Imager (MI) on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has returned images of Mars with higher resolution than any previous camera system, allowing detailed petrographic and sedimentological studies of the rocks and soils at the Gusev landing site. Designed to simulate a geologist's hand lens, the MI is mounted on Spirit's instrument arm and can resolve objects 0.1 mm in size or larger. This paper provides an overview of MI operations, data calibration, processing, and analysis of MI data returned during the first 450 sols (Mars days) of the Spirit landed mission. The primary goal of this paper is to facilitate further analyses of MI data by summarizing the methods used to acquire and process the data, the radiometric and geometric accuracy of MI data products, and the availability of archival products. In addition, scientific results of the MI investigation are summarized. MI observations show that poorly sorted soils are common in Gusev crater, although aeolian bedforms have well‐sorted coarse sand grains on their surfaces. Abraded surfaces of plains rocks show igneous textures, light‐toned veins or fracture‐filling minerals, and discrete coatings. The rocks in the Columbia Hills have a wide variety of granular textures, consistent with volcaniclastic or impact origins. Case hardening and submillimeter veins observed in the rocks as well as soil crusts and cemented clods imply episodic subsurface aqueous fluid movement, which has altered multiple geologic units in the Columbia Hills. The MI also monitored Spirit's solar panels and the magnets on the rover's deck.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C. ","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002574","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., Squyres, S.W., Anderson, R., Archinal, B.A., Arvidson, R.E., Barrett, J.M., Becker, K.J., Bell, J., Budney, C., Cabrol, N.A., Chapman, M.G., Cook, D., Ehlmann, B.L., Farmer, J., Franklin, B., Gaddis, L.R., Galuszka, D.M., Garcia, P.A., Hare, T.M., Howington-Kraus, E., Johnson, J.R., Johnson, S., Kinch, K., Kirk, R.L., Lee, E., Leff, C., Lemmon, M.T., B., M.M., Maki, J.N., Mullins, K.F., Redding, B.L., Richter, L., Rosiek, M.R., Sims, M.H., Soderblom, L.A., Spanovich, N., Springer, R., Sucharski, R.M., Sucharski, T.L., Sullivan, R., Torson, J.M., and Yen, A.S., 2006, Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002574.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bffb75fe4b0815414ca8e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squyres, Steve W.","contributorId":90212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Robert","contributorId":72037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barrett, Janet M. jbarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":5054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Janet","email":"jbarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Becker, Kris J. 0000-0003-1971-5957 kbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5957","contributorId":2910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kris","email":"kbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bell, James F.","contributorId":174126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"James F.","affiliations":[{"id":27362,"text":"ASU SESE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Budney, Charles","contributorId":210515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budney","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 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0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T15:45:48.276539","indexId":"70209798","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-01T10:34:37","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"99205-070","title":"Geochemical and isotopic evaluation of groundwater movement in corrective action Unit 97: Yucca Flat/Climax Mine, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, rev. no.: 0","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a comprehensive geochemical evaluation of the groundwater flow system in the Yucca Flat/Climax Mine Corrective Action Unit (CAU). The main objectives of this study are to identify probable pathways for groundwater flow within the study area and to develop constraints on groundwater transit times between selected data collection sites. This work provides an independent means of testing and verifying predictive flow models being developed for this CAU using finite element methods. The Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU constitutes the largest of six underground test areas on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) specified for remedial action in the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order''. A total of 747 underground nuclear detonations were conducted in this CAU. Approximately 23 percent of these detonations were conducted below or near the water table, resulting in groundwater contamination in the vicinity and possibly downgradient of these underground test locations. Therefore, a rigorous evaluation of the groundwater flow system in this CAU is necessary to assess potential long-term risks to the public water supply at downgradient locations.
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By their very nature, however, the magmatic reservoirs and conduits that underlie these active volcanic systems are elusive; mostly they are observable only through circumstantial evidence, using indirect, and often ambiguous, surficial measurements. Of course, we can infer much about these systems from geologic investigation of materials brought to the surface by eruptions and of the exposed roots of ancient volcanoes. But how can we study the magmatic processes that are occurring beneath Earth’s active volcanoes? What are the geometry, scale, physical, and chemical characteristics of magma reservoirs? Can we infer the dynamics of magma transport? Can we use this information to better forecast the future behavior of volcanoes? These questions comprise some of the most fundamental, recurring themes of modern research in volcanology. The field of volcano geodesy is uniquely situated to provide critical observational constraints on these problems. For the past decade, armed with a new array of technological innovations, equipped with powerful computers, and prepared with new analytical tools, volcano geodesists have been poised to make significant advances in our fundamental understanding of the behavior of active volcanic systems.
The purpose of this volume is to highlight some of these recent advances, particularly in the collection and interpretation of geodetic data from actively deforming volcanoes. The 18 papers that follow report on new geodetic data that offer valuable insights into eruptive activity and magma transport; they present new models and modeling strategies that have the potential to greatly increase understanding of magmatic, hydrothermal, and volcano-tectonic processes; and they describe innovative techniques for collecting geodetic measurements from remote, poorly accessible, or hazardous volcanoes. To provide a proper context for these studies, we offer a short review of the evolution of volcano geodesy, as well as a case study that highlights recent advances in the field by comparing the geodetic response to recent eruptive episodes at Mount St. Helens. Finally, we point out a few areas that continue to challenge the volcano geodesy community, some of which are addressed by the papers that follow and which undoubtedly will be the focus of future research for years to come.
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The extraction of ground water has led to two major problems that can directly affect the mission of EAFB: declining water levels (more than 120 ft since the 1920s) and land subsidence, a gradual downward movement of the land surface (more than 4 ft since the late 1920s). As water levels decline, this valuable resource becomes depleted, thus requiring mitigating measures. Land subsidence has caused cracked (fissured) runways and accelerated erosion on Rogers lakebed.\r\nIn 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, began investigations of the effects of declining water levels and land subsidence at EAFB and possible mitigation measures, such as the injection of imported surface water into the ground-water system. The cooperative investigations included data collection and analyses, numerical simulations of ground-water flow and land subsidence, and development of a preliminary simulation-optimization model. 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The NWQL and OWQRL report ‘trace’ and ‘ultratrace’ determinations of analytes that provide significant benefit for describing the presence and fate of low-level contaminants. For mass spectral methods, an analyte is qualitatively identified by its retention time on the chromatographic column as well as the presence of two or more confirming ions with area ratios that match that of the reference standard compounds. Because of a recognized increased risk of false positives, these qualitative identification criteria are used in conjunction with abundant quality-control samples (detailed below) to confirm detection prior to making an estimate of the concentration. These qualitative identification criteria must be met before a compound is considered present (or detected) in a sample (Oblinger Childress et al., 1999). When a compound has been qualitatively identified in an environmental sample (whether above or below its reporting level [RL]), it is assessed in context with associated field and laboratory blanks, field and laboratory replicates, and other data, such as appropriate laboratory reagent spikes. An environmental concentration is calculated only after determining that field and laboratory procedures did not contaminate the samples. The concentrations are then calculated from 5- to 8-point calibration curves using internal standard quantitation. Our lowest calibration standard is intentionally much lower than the RL, typically 10 times lower. The most abundant molecular or fragment ion is used for quantitation, and, for the two LC/MS methods, at least one, and where possible two, qualifier ions are used for confirmation. For the GC/MS method, with its greater degree of fragmentation, one quantitation and two qualifier ions are used. When any of the abovementioned qualitative identification criteria are not met, the analyte is considered not present and is reported as “less than” the RL.
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