Disturbances such as fire or flood, in addition to changing the local magnitude of ecological, hydrological, or biogeochemical processes, can also change their functional connectivity—how those processes interact in space. Complex networks offer promise for quantifying functional connectivity in watersheds. The approach resolves connections between nodes in space based on statistical similarities in perturbation signals (derived from solute time series) and is sensitive to a wider range of timescales than traditional mass-balance modeling. We use this approach to test hypotheses about how fire and flood impact ecological and biogeochemical dynamics in a wetland (Everglades, FL, USA) that was reconnected to its floodplain. Reintroduction of flow pulses after decades of separation by levees fundamentally reconfigured functional connectivity networks. The most pronounced expansion was that of the calcium network, which reflects periphyton dynamics and may represent an indirect influence of elevated nutrients, despite the comparatively smaller observed expansion of phosphorus networks. With respect to several solutes, periphyton acted as a “biotic filter,” shifting perturbations in water-quality signals to different timescales through slow but persistent transformations of the biotic community. The complex-networks approach also revealed portions of the landscape that operate in fundamentally different regimes with respect to dissolved oxygen, separated by a threshold in flow velocity of 1.2 cm/s, and suggested that complete removal of canals may be needed to restore connectivity with respect to biogeochemical processes. Fire reconfigured functional connectivity networks in a manner that reflected localized burn severity, but had a larger effect on the magnitude of solute concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2017WR020375","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., Newman, S., Saunders, C., and Harvey, J., 2017, Complex networks of functional connectivity in a wetland reconnected to its floodplain: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 7, p. 6089-6108, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020375.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6089","endPage":"6108","ipdsId":"IP-086967","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017wr020375","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","volume":"53","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e8b9e4b09af898c8cba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G.","contributorId":191391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Susan","contributorId":15308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saunders, Colin","contributorId":73913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"Colin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194501,"text":"70194501 - 2017 - Heat as a groundwater tracer in shallow and deep heterogeneous media: Analytical solution, spreadsheet tool, and field applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:54:42","indexId":"70194501","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat as a groundwater tracer in shallow and deep heterogeneous media: Analytical solution, spreadsheet tool, and field applications","docAbstract":"Groundwater flow advects heat, and thus, the deviation of subsurface temperatures from an expected conduction‐dominated regime can be analysed to estimate vertical water fluxes. A number of analytical approaches have been proposed for using heat as a groundwater tracer, and these have typically assumed a homogeneous medium. However, heterogeneous thermal properties are ubiquitous in subsurface environments, both at the scale of geologic strata and at finer scales in streambeds. Herein, we apply the analytical solution of Shan and Bodvarsson (2004), developed for estimating vertical water fluxes in layered systems, in 2 new environments distinct from previous vadose zone applications. The utility of the solution for studying groundwater‐surface water exchange is demonstrated using temperature data collected from an upwelling streambed with sediment layers, and a simple sensitivity analysis using these data indicates the solution is relatively robust. Also, a deeper temperature profile recorded in a borehole in South Australia is analysed to estimate deeper water fluxes. The analytical solution is able to match observed thermal gradients, including the change in slope at sediment interfaces. Results indicate that not accounting for layering can yield errors in the magnitude and even direction of the inferred Darcy fluxes. A simple automated spreadsheet tool (Flux‐LM) is presented to allow users to input temperature and layer data and solve the inverse problem to estimate groundwater flux rates from shallow (e.g., <1 m) or deep (e.g., up to 100 m) profiles. The solution is not transient, and thus, it should be cautiously applied where diel signals propagate or in deeper zones where multi‐decadal surface signals have disturbed subsurface thermal regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.11216","usgsCitation":"Kurylyk, B.L., Irvine, D.J., Carey, S.K., Briggs, M.A., Werkema, D.D., and Bonham, M., 2017, Heat as a groundwater tracer in shallow and deep heterogeneous media: Analytical solution, spreadsheet tool, and field applications: Hydrological Processes, v. 31, no. 14, p. 2648-2661, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11216.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2648","endPage":"2661","ipdsId":"IP-083382","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6260938","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NZ85VG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Streambed temperature data for the manuscript: Heat as a hydrologic tracer in shallow and deep heterogeneous media: analytical solution, spreadsheet tool, and field applications"},{"id":352969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee845e4b0da30c1bfc417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurylyk, Barret L.","contributorId":176296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"Barret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Dylan J.","contributorId":190404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irvine","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carey, Sean K.","contributorId":201022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":40488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonham, Mariah","contributorId":199839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonham","given":"Mariah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192901,"text":"70192901 - 2017 - Population characteristics and the influence of discharge on Bluehead Sucker and Flannelmouth Sucker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:28:36","indexId":"70192901","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population characteristics and the influence of discharge on Bluehead Sucker and Flannelmouth Sucker","docAbstract":"Rivers are among some of the most complex and important ecosystems in the world. Unfortunately, many fishes endemic to rivers have suffered declines in abundance and distribution suggesting that alterations to lotic environments have negatively influenced native fish populations. Of the 35 fishes native to the Colorado River basin (CRB), seven are considered either endangered, threatened, or species of special concern. As such, the conservation of fishes native to the CRB is a primary interest for natural resource management agencies. One of the major factors limiting the conservation and management of fishes endemic to the CRB is the lack of basic information on their ecology and population characteristics. We sought to describe the population dynamics and demographics of three populations of Bluehead Suckers (Catostomus discobolus) and Flannelmouth Suckers (C. latipinnis) in Utah. Additionally, we evaluated the potential influence of altered flow regimes on the recruitment and growth of Bluehead Suckers and Flannelmouth Suckers. Mortality of Bluehead Suckers and Flannelmouth Suckers from the Green, Strawberry, and White rivers was comparable to other populations. Growth of Bluehead Suckers and Flannelmouth Suckers was higher in the Green, Strawberry, and White rivers when compared to other populations in the CRB. Similarly, recruitment indices suggested that Bluehead Suckers and Flannelmouth Suckers in the Green, Strawberry, and White rivers had more stable recruitment than other populations in the CRB. Models relating growth and recruitment to hydrological indices provided little explanatory power. Notwithstanding, our results indicate that Bluehead Suckers and Flannelmouth Suckers in the Green, Strawberry, and White rivers represent fairly stable populations and provide baseline information that will be valuable for the effective management and conservation of the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-16-554","usgsCitation":"Klein, Z.B., Breen, M.J., and Quist, M.C., 2017, Population characteristics and the influence of discharge on Bluehead Sucker and Flannelmouth Sucker: Copeia, v. 105, no. 2, p. 375-388, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-16-554.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"388","ipdsId":"IP-081127","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Green River, Strawberry River, White River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.04705810546874,\n 39.38950933076637\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 39.38950933076637\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 40.992337919312305\n ],\n [\n -111.04705810546874,\n 40.992337919312305\n ],\n [\n -111.04705810546874,\n 39.38950933076637\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e8b8e4b09af898c8cba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Zachary B.","contributorId":171709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, Matthew J.","contributorId":200099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839 mquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":171392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189057,"text":"70189057 - 2017 - Response of deep groundwater to land use change in desert basins of the Trans-Pecos region, Texas, USA: Effects on infiltration, recharge, and nitrogen fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T15:48:32.30352","indexId":"70189057","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of deep groundwater to land use change in desert basins of the Trans-Pecos region, Texas, USA: Effects on infiltration, recharge, and nitrogen fluxes","docAbstract":"Quantifying the effects of anthropogenic processes on groundwater in arid regions can be complicated by thick unsaturated zones with long transit times. Human activities can alter water and nutrient fluxes, but their impact on groundwater is not always clear. This study of basins in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas links anthropogenic land use and vegetation change with alterations to unsaturated zone fluxes and regional increases in basin groundwater NO3−concentrations. Median increases in groundwater NO3− (by 0.7–0.9 mg-N/l over periods ranging from 10 to 50+ years) occurred despite low precipitation (220–360 mm/year), high potential evapotranspiration (~1570 mm/year), and thick unsaturated zones (10–150+ m). Recent model simulations indicate net infiltration and groundwater recharge can occur beneath Trans-Pecos basin floors, and may have increased due to irrigation and vegetation change. These processes were investigated further with chemical and isotopic data from groundwater and unsaturated zone cores. Some unsaturated zone solute profiles indicate flushing of natural salt accumulations has occurred. Results are consistent with human-influenced flushing of naturally accumulated unsaturated zone nitrogen as an important source of NO3− to the groundwater. Regional mass balance calculations indicate the mass of natural unsaturated zone NO3− (122–910 kg-N/ha) was sufficient to cause the observed groundwater NO3− increases, especially if augmented locally with the addition of fertilizer N. Groundwater NO3− trends can be explained by small volumes of high NO3− modern recharge mixed with larger volumes of older groundwater in wells. This study illustrates the importance of combining long-term monitoring and targeted process studies to improve understanding of human impacts on recharge and nutrient cycling in arid regions, which are vulnerable to the effects of climate change and increasing human reliance on dryland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.11178","usgsCitation":"Robertson, W.M., Bohlke, J., and Sharp, J.M., 2017, Response of deep groundwater to land use change in desert basins of the Trans-Pecos region, Texas, USA: Effects on infiltration, recharge, and nitrogen fluxes: Hydrological Processes, v. 31, no. 13, p. 2349-2364, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11178.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2349","endPage":"2364","ipdsId":"IP-079579","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357279,"rank":2,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70189057/70189057.pdf","text":"USGS open-access version of article","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trans-Pecos region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.5,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -104.05,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -104.05,\n 31.4\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 31.4\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 30.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59576334e4b0d1f9f051b504","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Wendy Marie","contributorId":193940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, John M.","contributorId":149229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189008,"text":"70189008 - 2017 - On the probability distribution of daily streamflow in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:40:55","indexId":"70189008","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the probability distribution of daily streamflow in the United States","docAbstract":"Daily streamflows are often represented by flow duration curves (FDCs), which illustrate the frequency with which flows are equaled or exceeded. FDCs have had broad applications across both operational and research hydrology for decades; however, modeling FDCs has proven elusive. Daily streamflow is a complex time series with flow values ranging over many orders of magnitude. The identification of a probability distribution that can approximate daily streamflow would improve understanding of the behavior of daily flows and the ability to estimate FDCs at ungaged river locations. Comparisons of modeled and empirical FDCs at nearly 400 unregulated, perennial streams illustrate that the four-parameter kappa distribution provides a very good representation of daily streamflow across the majority of physiographic regions in the conterminous United States (US). Further, for some regions of the US, the three-parameter generalized Pareto and lognormal distributions also provide a good approximation to FDCs. Similar results are found for the period of record FDCs, representing the long-term hydrologic regime at a site, and median annual FDCs, representing the behavior of flows in a typical year.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-21-3093-2017","usgsCitation":"Blum, A., Archfield, S.A., and Vogel, R.M., 2017, On the probability distribution of daily streamflow in the United States: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 21, no. 6, p. 3093-3103, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3093-2017.","productDescription":"11 p. 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\"}}]}\n","volume":"21","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611b0e4b0d1f9f0506742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, Annalise G.","contributorId":193846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blum","given":"Annalise G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188652,"text":"fs20173051 - 2017 - The U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff Science Campus—Providing expertise on planetary science, ecology, water resources, geologic processes, and human interactions with the Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T15:06:23","indexId":"fs20173051","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-3051","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff Science Campus—Providing expertise on planetary science, ecology, water resources, geologic processes, and human interactions with the Earth","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s Flagstaff Science Campus is focused on interdisciplinary study of the Earth and solar system, and has the scientific expertise to detect early environmental changes and provide strategies to minimize possible adverse effects on humanity. The Flagstaff Science Campus (FSC) is located in Flagstaff, Arizona, which is situated in the northern part of the State, home to a wide variety of landscapes and natural resources, including (1) young volcanoes in the San Francisco Volcanic Field, (2) the seven ecological life zones of the San Francisco Peaks, (3) the extensive geologic record of the Colorado Plateau and Grand Canyon, (4) the Colorado River and its perennial, ephemeral, and intermittent tributaries, and (5) a multitude of canyons, mountains, arroyos, and plains. More than 200 scientists, technicians, and support staff provide research, monitoring, and technical advancements in planetary geology and mapping, biology and ecology, Earth-based geology, hydrology, and changing climate and landscapes. Scientists at the FSC work in collaboration with multiple State, Federal, Tribal, municipal, and academic partners to address regional, national, and global environmental issues, and provide scientific outreach to the general public.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173051","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., Vaughan, R.G., McDougall, K., Wojtowicz, T., and Thenkenbail, P., 2017, The U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff Science Campus—Providing expertise on planetary science, ecology, water resources, geologic processes, and human interactions with the Earth: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3051, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173051.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086978","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3051/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3051/fs20173051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3051"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Flagstaff","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.73027038574219,\n 35.139282901732635\n ],\n [\n -111.53594970703125,\n 35.139282901732635\n ],\n [\n -111.53594970703125,\n 35.27084997704059\n ],\n [\n -111.73027038574219,\n 35.27084997704059\n ],\n [\n -111.73027038574219,\n 35.139282901732635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
Flagstaff Science Campus
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Tel: (928) 556-7000
A model to compute reservoir sedimentation rates at daily timescales is presented. The model uses streamflow and sediment load data from nearby stream gauges to obtain an initial estimate of sediment yield for the reservoir’s watershed; it is then calibrated to the total deposition calculated from repeat bathymetric surveys. Long-term changes to reservoir trapping efficiency are also taken into account. The model was applied to the Fena Valley Reservoir, a water supply reservoir on the island of Guam. This reservoir became operational in 1951 and was recently surveyed in 2014. The model results show that the highest rate of deposition occurred during two typhoons (Typhoon Alice in 1953 and Typhoon Tingting in 2004); each storm decreased reservoir capacity by approximately 2–3% in only a few days. The presented model can be used to evaluate the impact of an extreme event, or it can be coupled with a watershed runoff model to evaluate potential impacts to storage capacity as a result of climate change or other hydrologic modifications.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001344","usgsCitation":"Marineau, M.D., and Wright, S., 2017, Daily reservoir sedimentation model: Case study from the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 143, no. 9, Article 05017003; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001344.","productDescription":"Article 05017003; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-082309","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b1bae4b0d1f9f05b37a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marineau, Mathieu D. 0000-0002-6568-0743 mmarineau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-0743","contributorId":4954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marineau","given":"Mathieu","email":"mmarineau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187492,"text":"sir20175034 - 2017 - Optimal hydrograph separation using a recursive digital filter constrained by chemical mass balance, with application to selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-26T10:38:00","indexId":"sir20175034","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-26T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5034","title":"Optimal hydrograph separation using a recursive digital filter constrained by chemical mass balance, with application to selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds","docAbstract":"Quantitative estimates of base flow are necessary to address questions concerning the vulnerability and response of the Nation’s water supply to natural and human-induced change in environmental conditions. An objective of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Project is to determine how hydrologic systems are affected by watershed characteristics, including land use, land cover, water use, climate, and natural characteristics (geology, soil type, and topography). An important component of any hydrologic system is base flow, generally described as the part of streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to stream channels by delayed (usually subsurface) pathways, and more specifically as the volumetric discharge of water, estimated at a measurement site or gage at the watershed scale, which represents groundwater that discharges directly or indirectly to stream reaches and is then routed to the measurement point.
Hydrograph separation using a recursive digital filter was applied to 225 sites in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The recursive digital filter was chosen for the following reasons: it is based in part on the assumption that groundwater acts as a linear reservoir, and so has a physical basis; it has only two adjustable parameters (alpha, obtained directly from recession analysis, and beta, the maximum value of the base-flow index that can be modeled by the filter), which can be determined objectively and with the same physical basis of groundwater reservoir linearity, or that can be optimized by applying a chemical-mass-balance constraint. Base-flow estimates from the recursive digital filter were compared with those from five other hydrograph-separation methods with respect to two metrics: the long-term average fraction of streamflow that is base flow, or base-flow index, and the fraction of days where streamflow is entirely base flow. There was generally good correlation between the methods, with some biased slightly high and some biased slightly low compared to the recursive digital filter. There were notable differences between the days at base flow estimated by the different methods, with the recursive digital filter having a smaller range of values. This was attributed to how the different methods determine cessation of quickflow (the part of streamflow which is not base flow).
For 109 Chesapeake Bay watershed sites with available specific conductance data, the parameters of the filter were optimized using a chemical-mass-balance constraint and two different models for the time-dependence of base-flow specific conductance. Sixty-seven models were deemed acceptable and the results compared well with non-optimized results. There are a number of limitations to the optimal hydrograph-separation approach resulting from the assumptions implicit in the conceptual model, the mathematical model, and the approach taken to impose chemical mass balance (including tracer choice). These limitations may be evidenced by poor model results; conversely, poor model fit may provide an indication that two-component separation does not adequately describe the hydrologic system’s runoff response.
The results of this study may be used to address a number of questions regarding the role of groundwater in understanding past changes in stream-water quality and forecasting possible future changes, such as the timing and magnitude of land-use and management practice effects on stream and groundwater quality. Ongoing and future modeling efforts may benefit from the estimates of base flow as calibration targets or as a means to filter chemical data to model base-flow loads and trends. Ultimately, base-flow estimation might provide the basis for future work aimed at improving the ability to quantify groundwater discharge, not only at the scale of a gaged watershed, but at the scale of individual reaches as well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175034","isbn":"978-1-4113-4135-7","collaboration":"National Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Raffensperger, J.P., Baker, A.C., Blomquist, J.D., and Hopple, J.A., 2017, Optimal hydrograph separation using a recursive digital filter constrained by chemical mass balance, with application to selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5034, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175034.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 51 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-080740","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5034/sir20175034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5034"},{"id":342817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342819,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F757194G","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrograph-separation results for 225 streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed derived by using PART, HYSEP (Fixed, Local minimum, Slide), BFI, and a Recursive Digital Filter with streamflow data ranging from 1913 through 2016"}],"contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
Study region
Arkansas River, east of the Rocky Mountains.
Study focus
Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the western United States generally pose challenges to water quality, often through mobilization of salts and trace metals by irrigation. However, in the Arkansas River Basin of Colorado, patchy exposure of multiple Cretaceous formations has made it difficult to identify which formations are most problematic. This paper examines water quality in surface-water inflows along a 26-km reach of the Arkansas River relative to the presence or absence of the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation within the watershed.
New hydrological insights for the region
Principal component analysis (PCA) shows Niobrara-influenced inflows have distinctive geochemistry, particularly with respect to Na, Mg, SO42−, and Se. Uranium concentrations are also greater in Niobrara-influenced inflows. During the irrigation season, median dissolved solids, Se, and U concentrations in Niobrara-influenced inflows were 83%, 646%, and 55%, respectively, greater than medians where Niobrara Formation surface exposures were absent. During the non-irrigation season, which better reflects geologic influence, the differences were more striking. Median dissolved solids, Se, and U concentrations in Niobrara-influenced inflows were 288%, 863%, and 155%, respectively, greater than median concentrations where the Niobrara Formation was absent. Identification of the Niobrara Formation as a disproportionate source for dissolved solids, Se, and U will allow for more targeted studies and management, particularly where exposures underlie irrigated agriculture.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275-3718
Organic contaminants with designed molecular bioactivity, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, originate from human and agricultural sources, occur frequently in surface waters, and threaten the structure and function of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Congaree National Park in South Carolina (USA) is a vulnerable park unit due to its location downstream of multiple urban and agricultural contaminant sources and its hydrologic setting, being composed almost entirely of floodplain and aquatic environments. Seventy-two water and sediment samples were collected from 16 sites in Congaree National Park during 2013 to 2015, and analyzed for 199 and 81 targeted organic contaminants, respectively. More than half of these water and sediment analytes were not detected or potentially had natural sources. Pharmaceutical contaminants were detected (49 total) frequently in water throughout Congaree National Park, with higher detection frequencies and concentrations at Congaree and Wateree River sites, downstream from major urban areas. Forty-seven organic wastewater indicator chemicals were detected in water, and 36 were detected in sediment, of which approximately half are distinctly anthropogenic. Endogenous sterols and hormones, which may originate from humans or wildlife, were detected in water and sediment samples throughout Congaree National Park, but synthetic hormones were detected only once, suggesting a comparatively low risk of adverse impacts. Assessment of the biodegradation potentials of 8 14C-radiolabeled model contaminants indicated poor potentials for some contaminants, particularly under anaerobic sediments conditions.
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liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":190787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":189681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riley, Jeffrey W. 0000-0001-5525-3134 jriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-3134","contributorId":3605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. 0000-0002-8472-8765 kromanok@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-8765","contributorId":189680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70190131,"text":"70190131 - 2017 - Challenges in recovering resources from acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T14:15:25.772446","indexId":"70190131","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Challenges in recovering resources from acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"Metal recovery from mine waters and effluents is not a new approach but one that has occurred largely opportunistically over the last four millennia. Due to the need for low-cost resources and increasingly stringent environmental conditions, mine waters are being considered in a fresh light with a designed, deliberate approach to resource recovery often as part of a larger water treatment evaluation. Mine water chemistry is highly dependent on many factors including geology, ore deposit composition and mineralogy, mining methods, climate, site hydrology, and others. Mine waters are typically Ca-Mg-SO4±Al±Fe with a broad range in pH and metal content. The main issue in recovering components of these waters having potential economic value, such as base metals or rare earth elements, is the separation of these from more reactive metals such as Fe and Al. Broad categories of methods for separating and extracting substances from acidic mine drainage are chemical and biological. Chemical methods include solution, physicochemical, and electrochemical technologies. Advances in membrane techniques such as reverse osmosis have been substantial and the technique is both physical and chemical. Biological methods may be further divided into microbiological and macrobiological, but only the former is considered here as a recovery method, as the latter is typically used as a passive form of water treatment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine water and circular economy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IMWA 2017","conferenceDate":"June 25-30, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Lappeenranta, Finland","language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., Bowell, R.J., Campbell, K.M., and Alpers, C.N., 2017, Challenges in recovering resources from acid mine drainage, in Mine water and circular economy, Lappeenranta, Finland, June 25-30, 2017, p. 1138-1146.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1138","endPage":"1146","ipdsId":"IP-086476","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"http://www.imwa.de/imwaconferencesandcongresses/proceedings/300-proceedings-2017.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":344788,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b76ee5e4b08b1644ddfad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowell, Robert J.","contributorId":150175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17927,"text":"SRK Consulting Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188627,"text":"70188627 - 2017 - Biological soil crusts: Diminutive communities of potential global importance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T13:09:30","indexId":"70188627","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological soil crusts: Diminutive communities of potential global importance","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are widespread, diverse communities of cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens, and mosses living on soil surfaces, primarily in drylands. Biocrusts can locally govern primary production, soil fertility, hydrology, and surface energy balance, with considerable variation in these functions across alternate community states. Further, these communities have been implicated in Earth system functioning via potential influences on global biogeochemistry and climate. Biocrusts are easily destroyed by disturbances and appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to warming temperatures and altered precipitation inputs, signaling possible losses of dryland functions with global change. Despite these concerns, we lack sufficient spatiotemporal data on biocrust function, cover, and community structure to confidently assess their ecological roles across the extensive dryland biome. Here, we present the case for cross-scale research and restoration efforts coupled with remote-sensing and modeling approaches that improve our collective understanding of biocrust responses to global change and the ecological roles of these diminutive communities at global scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.1469","usgsCitation":"Ferrenberg, S., Tucker, C., and Reed, S.C., 2017, Biological soil crusts: Diminutive communities of potential global importance: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 15, no. 3, p. 160-167, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1469.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"167","ipdsId":"IP-079877","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1401283","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5948e2a4e4b062508e354c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrenberg, Scott 0000-0002-3542-0334 sferrenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-0334","contributorId":147684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrenberg","given":"Scott","email":"sferrenberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Colin 0000-0002-4539-7780 ctucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7780","contributorId":167487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Colin","email":"ctucker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187693,"text":"sir20175050 - 2017 - Hydrologic characterization of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:42:31","indexId":"sir20175050","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-14T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5050","title":"Hydrologic characterization of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15","docAbstract":"The Bushy Park Reservoir is a relatively shallow impoundment in a semi-tropical climate and is the principal water supply for the 400,000 people of the city of Charleston, South Carolina, and the surrounding areas including the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Although there is an adequate supply of freshwater in the reservoir, taste-and-odor water-quality issues are a concern. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an investigation in cooperation with the Charleston Water System to study the hydrology and hydrodynamics of the Bushy Park Reservoir to identify factors affecting water-quality conditions. Specifically, five areas for monitoring and (or) analysis were addressed: (1) hydrologic monitoring of the reservoir to establish a water budget, (2) flow monitoring in the tunnels to compute flow from Bushy Park Reservoir and at critical distribution junctions, (3) water-quality sampling, profiling, and continuous monitoring to identify the causes of taste-and-odor occurrence, (4) technical evaluation of appropriate hydrodynamic and water-quality simulation models for the reservoir, and (5) preliminary evaluation of alternative reservoir operations scenarios.
This report describes the hydrodynamic and hydrologic data collected from 2013 to 2015 to support the application and calibration of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water-quality monitoring and analysis to gain insight into the principal causes of the Bushy Park Reservoir taste-and-odor episodes. The existing U.S. Geological Survey real-time network on the West Branch of the Cooper River was augmented with a tidal flow gage on Durham Canal Back River, and Foster Creek. The Charleston Water System intake structure was instrumented to collect water-level, water temperature (top and bottom probes), specific conductance (top and bottom probes), wind speed and direction, and photosynthetically active radiation data. In addition to the gages attached to fixed structures, four bottom-mounted velocity profilers were deployed at six locations over different periods. The deployment period for the velocity profiler ranged from 2 weeks to 4 months. During the investigation, tidal cycle (13-hour) streamflow measurements were made at 30-minute intervals at five locations.
The Williams Station is a coal-fired powerplant that withdraws water from Bushy Park Reservoir for cooling purposes. The magnitude of the withdrawal (approximately 550 million gallons per day) is the major factor controlling the circulation in the reservoir. The net flow in Durham Canal to the reservoir is comparable to the withdrawal rates of the powerplant. When the Williams Station is not withdrawing water, the net flow in Durham Canal quickly goes to zero or reverses with a net flow away from the reservoir and to the Cooper River. Plan views of the velocity vectors for the tidal cycle streamflow measurements and rose diagram of the velocity profilers created with the Williams Station withdrawing and not withdrawing water show substantial effects of the distribution of magnitude and direction of the water velocities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Charleston Water System","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P.A., Petkewich, M.D., Falls, W.F., and Lanier, T.H., 2017, Hydrologic characterization of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5050, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175050.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 83 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077941","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GB2274","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrodynamic data of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina 2013–15"},{"id":342447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5050/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5050/sir20175050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5050"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Santee-Cooper River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5,\n 32.68\n ],\n [\n -79.7,\n 32.68\n ],\n [\n -79.7,\n 33.56\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 33.56\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 32.68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
Abiotic and biotic forces shape the structure and evolution of microbial populations. We investigated forces that shape the spatial and temporal population structure of Sulfolobus islandicus by comparing geochemical and molecular analysis from seven hot springs in five regions sampled over 3 years in Yellowstone National Park. Through deep amplicon sequencing, we uncovered 148 unique alleles at two loci whose relative frequency provides clear evidence for independent populations in different hot springs. Although geography controls regional geochemical composition and population differentiation, temporal changes in population were not explained by corresponding variation in geochemistry. The data suggest that the influence of extinction, bottleneck events and/or selective sweeps within a spring and low migration between springs shape these populations. We suggest that hydrologic events such as storm events and surface snowmelt runoff destabilize smaller hot spring environments with smaller populations and result in high variation in the S. islandicus population over time. Therefore, physical abiotic features such as hot spring size and position in the landscape are important factors shaping the stability and diversity of the S. islandicus meta-population within Yellowstone National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Applied Microbiology","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.13728","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K.M., Kouris, A., England, W., Anderson, R.E., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Whitaker, R.J., 2017, Sulfolobus islandicus meta-populations in Yellowstone National Park hot springs: Environmental Microbiology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 2334-2347, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13728.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2334","endPage":"2347","ipdsId":"IP-076920","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.368408203125,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -109.522705078125,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -109.522705078125,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -111.368408203125,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -111.368408203125,\n 43.67581809328341\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"598e905ae4b09fa1cb160971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouris, Angela","contributorId":195622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouris","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"England, Whitney","contributorId":195623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"England","given":"Whitney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Rika E.","contributorId":195624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Rika","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitaker, Rachel J.","contributorId":195625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitaker","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190159,"text":"70190159 - 2017 - New distributional records of the stygobitic crayfish Cambarus cryptodytes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Floridan Aquifer System of southwestern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-14T17:32:09","indexId":"70190159","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"New distributional records of the stygobitic crayfish Cambarus cryptodytes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Floridan Aquifer System of southwestern Georgia","title":"New distributional records of the stygobitic crayfish Cambarus cryptodytes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Floridan Aquifer System of southwestern Georgia","docAbstract":"Cambarus cryptodytes (Dougherty Plain Cave Crayfish) is an obligate inhabitant of groundwater habitats (i.e., a stygobiont) with troglomorphic adaptations in the Floridan aquifer system of southwestern Georgia and adjacent Florida panhandle, particularly in the Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands. Documented occurrences of Dougherty Plain Cave Crayfish are spatially distributed as 2 primary clusters separated by a region where few caves and springs have been documented; however, the paucity of humanly accessible karst features in this intermediate region has inhibited investigation of the species' distribution. To work around this constraint, we employed bottle traps to sample for Dougherty Plain Cave Crayfish and other groundwater fauna in 18 groundwater-monitoring wells that access the Floridan aquifer system in 10 counties in southwestern Georgia. We captured 32 Dougherty Plain Cave Crayfish in 9 wells in 8 counties between September 2014 and August 2015. We detected crayfish at depths ranging from 17.9 m to 40.6 m, and established new county records for Early, Miller, Mitchell, and Seminole counties in Georgia, increasing the number of occurrences in Georgia from 8 to 17 sites. In addition, a new US Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Unit Code 8 (HUC8) watershed record was established for the Spring Creek watershed. These new records fill in the distribution gap between the 2 previously known clusters in Georgia and Jackson County, FL. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that deployment of bottle traps in groundwater-monitoring wells can be an effective approach to presence—absence surveys of stygobionts, especially in areas where surface access to groundwater is limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.016.0205","usgsCitation":"Fenolio, D.B., Niemiller, M.L., Gluesenkamp, A.G., McKee, A.M., and Taylor, S.J., 2017, New distributional records of the stygobitic crayfish Cambarus cryptodytes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Floridan Aquifer System of southwestern Georgia: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 16, no. 2, p. 163-181, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.016.0205.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"181","ipdsId":"IP-073657","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Geogia","otherGeospatial":"Florida Aquifer System","volume":"16","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b76ef0e4b08b1644ddfadc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenolio, Dante B.","contributorId":167680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenolio","given":"Dante","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24805,"text":"Department of Conservation and Research, San Antonio Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niemiller, Matthew L.","contributorId":167679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemiller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24804,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gluesenkamp, Andrew G.","contributorId":195638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gluesenkamp","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Anna M. 0000-0003-2790-5320 amckee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-5320","contributorId":166725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Anna","email":"amckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Steven J.","contributorId":167682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24804,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188850,"text":"70188850 - 2017 - A multi-scale evaluation of pack stock effects on subalpine meadow plant communities in the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:52:46","indexId":"70188850","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-scale evaluation of pack stock effects on subalpine meadow plant communities in the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"We evaluated the influence of pack stock (i.e., horse and mule) use on meadow plant communities in Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks in the Sierra Nevada of California. Meadows were sampled to account for inherent variability across multiple scales by: 1) controlling for among-meadow variability by using remotely sensed hydro-climatic and geospatial data to pair stock use meadows with similar non-stock (reference) sites, 2) accounting for within-meadow variation in the local hydrology using in-situ soil moisture readings, and 3) incorporating variation in stock use intensity by sampling across the entire available gradient of pack stock use. Increased cover of bare ground was detected only within “dry” meadow areas at the two most heavily used pack stock meadows (maximum animals per night per hectare). There was no difference in plant community composition for any level of soil moisture or pack stock use. Increased local-scale spatial variability in plant community composition (species dispersion) was detected in “wet” meadow areas at the two most heavily used meadows. These results suggest that at the meadow scale, plant communities are generally resistant to the contemporary levels of recreational pack stock use. However, finer-scale within-meadow responses such as increased bare ground or spatial variability in the plant community can be a function of local-scale hydrological conditions. Wilderness managers can improve monitoring of disturbance in Sierra Nevada meadows by adopting multiple plant community indices while simultaneously considering local moisture regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0178536","usgsCitation":"Lee, S.R., Berlow, E.L., Ostoja, S., Brooks, M.L., Génin, A., Matchett, J.R., and Hart, S.C., 2017, A multi-scale evaluation of pack stock effects on subalpine meadow plant communities in the Sierra Nevada: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178536.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-080186","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178536","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia National Park, Yosemite National Park ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -122.091064453125,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -121.13525390625,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -119.95971679687499,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -118.927001953125,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -118.76220703125001,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -118.9215087890625,\n 34.95349314197422\n ],\n [\n -118.8006591796875,\n 34.786739162702524\n ],\n [\n -118.641357421875,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -118.114013671875,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -117.8009033203125,\n 35.64390523787731\n ],\n [\n -118.333740234375,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 39.977120098439634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d1fe4b062508e3c3657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Steven R. 0000-0002-4581-3684 srlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-3684","contributorId":5630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Steven","email":"srlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berlow, Eric L.","contributorId":91416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berlow","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M.","contributorId":193514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Génin, Alexandre","contributorId":193515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Génin","given":"Alexandre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matchett, John R. 0000-0002-2905-6468 jmatchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-6468","contributorId":1669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"John","email":"jmatchett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hart, Stephen C.","contributorId":189074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188462,"text":"ds1043 - 2017 - Transient electromagnetic soundings in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, near the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge (field seasons 2007, 2009, and 2011)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T14:30:55","indexId":"ds1043","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1043","title":"Transient electromagnetic soundings in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, near the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge (field seasons 2007, 2009, and 2011)","docAbstract":"Transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings were made in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, to map the location of a blue clay unit as well as to investigate the presence of suspected faults. A total of 147 soundings were made near and in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, and an additional 6 soundings were made near Hansen Bluff on the eastern edge of the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge. The blue clay is a significant hydrologic feature in the area that separates an unconfined surface aquifer from a deeper confined aquifer. Knowledge of its location is important to regional hydrological models. Previous analysis of well logs has shown that the blue clay has a resistivity of 10 ohm-meters or less, which is in contrast to the higher resistivity of sand, gravel, and other clay units found in the area, making it a very good target for TEM soundings. The top of the blue clay was found to have considerable relief, suggesting the possibility of deformation of the clay during or after deposition. Because of rift activity, deformation is to be expected. Of the TEM profiles made across faults identified by aeromagnetic data, some showed resistivity variations and (or) subsurface elevation relief of resistivity units, suggestive of faulting. Such patterns were not associated with all suspected faults. The Hansen Bluff profile showed variations in resistivity and depth to conductor that coincide with a scarp between the highlands to the east and the floodplain of the Rio Grande to the west.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., 2017, Transient electromagnetic soundings in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, near the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge (field seasons 2007, 2009, and 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1043, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1043.","productDescription":"Report: vii; 52 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342428,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D21VQ5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Transient Electromagnetic Sounding Data Collected in the San Luis Valley, Colorado near the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge (Field Seasons 2007, 2009, and 2011)"},{"id":342407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342408,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1043/ds1043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1043"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.11145019531249,\n 37.42906945530332\n ],\n [\n -105.56488037109375,\n 37.42906945530332\n ],\n [\n -105.56488037109375,\n 37.93444993515032\n ],\n [\n -106.11145019531249,\n 37.93444993515032\n ],\n [\n -106.11145019531249,\n 37.42906945530332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 964
Denver, CO 80225
Early warning of post-fire debris-flow occurrence during intense rainfall has traditionally relied upon a library of regionally specific empirical rainfall intensity–duration thresholds. Development of this library and the calculation of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds often require several years of monitoring local rainfall and hydrologic response to rainstorms, a time-consuming approach where results are often only applicable to the specific region where data were collected. Here, we present a new, fully predictive approach that utilizes rainfall, hydrologic response, and readily available geospatial data to predict rainfall intensity–duration thresholds for debris-flow generation in recently burned locations in the western United States. Unlike the traditional approach to defining regional thresholds from historical data, the proposed methodology permits the direct calculation of rainfall intensity–duration thresholds for areas where no such data exist. The thresholds calculated by this method are demonstrated to provide predictions that are of similar accuracy, and in some cases outperform, previously published regional intensity–duration thresholds. The method also provides improved predictions of debris-flow likelihood, which can be incorporated into existing approaches for post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment. Our results also provide guidance for the operational expansion of post-fire debris-flow early warning systems in areas where empirically defined regional rainfall intensity–duration thresholds do not currently exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.019","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Negri, J., Kean, J.W., Laber, J.L., Tillery, A.C., and Youberg, A.M., 2017, Prediction of spatially explicit rainfall intensity–duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States: Geomorphology, v. 278, p. 149-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.019.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"162","ipdsId":"IP-079403","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 49.25\n ],\n [\n -127,\n 49.25\n ],\n [\n -127,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"278","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5940f9b0e4b0764e6c63ea9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Negri, Jacquelyn jnegri@usgs.gov","contributorId":192863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Negri","given":"Jacquelyn","email":"jnegri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laber, Jayme L.","contributorId":36832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laber","given":"Jayme","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Youberg, Ann M. 0000-0002-2005-3674","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2005-3674","contributorId":172609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Youberg","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":697939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70181758,"text":"ofr20171018 - 2017 - Five hydrologic and landscape databases for selected National Wildlife Refuges in the Southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T10:19:48","indexId":"ofr20171018","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-12T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1018","title":"Five hydrologic and landscape databases for selected National Wildlife Refuges in the Southeastern United States","docAbstract":"This report serves as metadata and a user guide for five out of six hydrologic and landscape databases developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to describe data-collection, data-reduction, and data-analysis methods used to construct the databases and provides statistical and graphical descriptions of the databases. Six hydrologic and landscape databases were developed: (1) the Cache River and White River National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) and contributing watersheds in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, (2) the Cahaba River NWR and contributing watersheds in Alabama, (3) the Caloosahatchee and J.N. “Ding” Darling NWRs and contributing watersheds in Florida, (4) the Clarks River NWR and contributing watersheds in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, (5) the Lower Suwannee NWR and contributing watersheds in Georgia and Florida, and (6) the Okefenokee NWR and contributing watersheds in Georgia and Florida. Each database is composed of a set of ASCII files, Microsoft Access files, and Microsoft Excel files. The databases were developed as an assessment and evaluation tool for use in examining NWR-specific hydrologic patterns and trends as related to water availability and water quality for NWR ecosystems, habitats, and target species. The databases include hydrologic time-series data, summary statistics on landscape and hydrologic time-series data, and hydroecological metrics that can be used to assess NWR hydrologic conditions and the availability of aquatic and riparian habitat. Landscape data that describe the NWR physiographic setting and the locations of hydrologic data-collection stations were compiled and mapped. Categories of landscape data include land cover, soil hydrologic characteristics, physiographic features, geographic and hydrographic boundaries, hydrographic features, and regional runoff estimates. The geographic extent of each database covers an area within which human activities, climatic variation, and hydrologic processes can potentially affect the hydrologic regime of the NWRs and adjacent areas.
The hydrologic and landscape database for the Cache and White River NWRs and contributing watersheds in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma has been described and documented in detail (Buell and others, 2012). This report serves as a companion to the Buell and others (2012) report to describe and document the five subsequent hydrologic and landscape databases that were developed: Chapter A—the Cahaba River NWR and contributing watersheds in Alabama, Chapter B—the Caloosahatchee and J.N. “Ding” Darling NWRs and contributing watersheds in Florida, Chapter C—the Clarks River NWR and contributing watersheds in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, Chapter D—the Lower Suwannee NWR and contributing watersheds in Georgia and Florida, and Chapter E—the Okefenokee NWR and contributing watersheds in Georgia and Florida.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Buell, G.R., Gurley, L.N., Calhoun, D.L., and Hunt, A.M., 2017, Five hydrologic and landscape databases for selected National Wildlife Refuges in Southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1018, 366 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171018.","productDescription":"Report: xvi, 386 p. 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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
Humidity cell tests (HCTs) are long-term (20 to >300 weeks) leach tests that are considered by some to be the among the most reliable geochemical characterization methods for estimating the leachate quality of mined materials. A number of modifications have been added to the original HCT method, but the interpretation of test results varies widely. We suggest that the HCTs represent an underutilized source of geochemical data, with a year-long test generating approximately 2500 individual chemical data points. The HCT concentration peaks and valleys can be thought of as a “chromatogram” of reactions that may occur in the field, whereby peaks in concentrations are associated with different geochemical processes, including sulfate salt dissolution, sulfide oxidation, and dissolution of rock-forming minerals, some of which can neutralize acid. Some of these reactions occur simultaneously, some do not, and geochemical modeling can be used to help distinguish the dominant processes. Our detailed examination, including speciation and inverse modeling, of HCTs from three projects with different geology and mineralization shows that rapid sulfide oxidation dominates over a limited period of time that starts between 40 and 200 weeks of testing. The applicability of laboratory tests results to predicting field leachate concentrations, loads, or rates of reaction has not been adequately demonstrated, although early flush releases and rapid sulfide oxidation rates in HCTs should have some relevance to field conditions. Knowledge of possible maximum solute concentrations is needed to design effective treatment and mitigation approaches. Early flush and maximum sulfide oxidation results from HCTs should be retained and used in environmental models. Factors that complicate the use of HCTs include: sample representation, time for microbial oxidizers to grow, sample storage before testing, geochemical reactions that add or remove constituents, and the HCT results chosen for use in modeling the environmental performance at mine sites. Improved guidance is needed for more consistent interpretation and use of HCT results that rely on identifying: the geochemical processes; the mineralogy, including secondary mineralogy; the available surface area for reactions; and the influence of hydrologic processes on leachate concentrations in runoff, streams, and groundwater.
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The State of Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) has made it a priority to establish a small freshwater river diversion into a coastal swamp forest located between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana, to reintroduce Mississippi River water to Maurepas Swamp. While a full understanding of how a coastal swamp forest will respond to new freshwater loading through a Mississippi River reintroduction is unknown, this report provides guidance based on the available literature for establishing performance measures that can be used for evaluating the effectiveness of a Mississippi River reintroduction into the forested wetlands of Maurepas Swamp (project PO-29 of the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act) and aid in adaptive management of the project. PO-29 is a small river reintroduction in scope, and through its operation, it will provide information about the feasibility and reasonable expectations for future river reintroduction projects targeting coastal swamp forests in Louisiana.
Located near Garyville, Louisiana, the Mississippi River reintroduction into Maurepas Swamp project is being designed to deliver a maximum flow of 57 cubic meters per second (m3/s) (or about 2,000 cubic feet per second [ft3/s]) directly from the river, but with a maximum flow through the outflow channel of 42 m3/s (or 1,500 ft3/s) available for at least half of the year. The river reintroduction will divert Mississippi River water through channelized flow and surface water to impact approximately 16,583 hectares (ha) of wetland habitat, much of which is swamp forest and swamp forest transitioning into marsh habitat. The Mississippi River reintroduction into Maurepas Swamp and associated outfall management features collectively should facilitate connectivity of water between the Mississippi River and the entire project area.
At any given location, hydrologic connectivity should occur at intervals between twice yearly and once per decade, and hydrologic management must allow the potential for water drawdowns to foster tree regeneration every 3–13 years. The river reintroduction is also anticipated to maintain salinity in swamp forests dominated by Taxodium distichum (baldcypress) to less than 1.3 practical salinity units (psu) and maintain salinity in mixed baldcypress and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo) swamp forests to less than 0.8 psu. The river reintroduction should promote soil surface elevation gains of 8–9 millimeters per year (mm/yr) (range, 4.9–12.1 mm/yr) to offset relative sea-level rise and keep total river water nitrate (NO3-) loading into Maurepas Swamp to about 11.25 grams (g) of nitrogen (N) per square meter per year (m-2 yr-1 ) (range, 7.1–15.4 g N m-2 yr-1) to promote near complete uptake of NO3- by the vegetation in the receiving wetlands and reduce impacts to water quality in adjacent and connected water ways (for example, Blind River) and Lake Maurepas. With these performance measures maintained over time, we further expect swamp forest stands to realize improvements in stand density index of as much as 30–45 percent of maximum values for the stand type while maintaining an overstory leaf area index of 2.0–2.9 square meters per square meter or higher as swamp forests recover from decades of low flow, saltwater intrusion, reduced nutrients, and surface elevation deficits associated with isolation from the Mississippi River.
Associated with these performance measures are two major uncertainties: (1) an assumption that we can rely on existing data, literature, and modeling from coastal swamp forests to establish these performance measures and (2) an unknown time frame for evaluating these performance measures. Some performance measures can be assessed quickly, such as those associated with hydrology and nutrient uptake. Some performance measures, such as changes in soil surface elevation and forest structural integrity, could take longer to assess. Once performance measures are assessed across different time scales, however, adjustments to operations of the Mississippi River reintroduction into Maurepas Swamp can be swift. The proposed performance measures are ideal targets, mostly without specific consideration of practical, operational constraints. The measures are intended to be the basis by which adaptive management of the diversion structures can be evaluated. The measures are defined without regard to current conditions so that project success can be evaluated on net outcomes rather than specific change from existing conditions. We expect that the Mississippi River reintroduction into Maurepas Swamp will slow degradation and extend the life of the swamp for decades to centuries.
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]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506
Collection of water-quality samples that accurately characterize average particle concentrations and distributions in channels can be complicated by large sources of variability. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a fully automated Depth-Integrated Sample Arm (DISA) as a way to reduce bias and improve accuracy in water-quality concentration data. The DISA was designed to integrate with existing autosampler configurations commonly used for the collection of water-quality samples in vertical profile thereby providing a better representation of average suspended sediment and sediment-associated pollutant concentrations and distributions than traditional fixed-point samplers. In controlled laboratory experiments, known concentrations of suspended sediment ranging from 596 to 1,189 mg/L were injected into a 3 foot diameter closed channel (circular pipe) with regulated flows ranging from 1.4 to 27.8 ft3 /s. Median suspended sediment concentrations in water-quality samples collected using the DISA were within 7 percent of the known, injected value compared to 96 percent for traditional fixed-point samplers. Field evaluation of this technology in open channel fluvial systems showed median differences between paired DISA and fixed-point samples to be within 3 percent. The range of particle size measured in the open channel was generally that of clay and silt. Differences between the concentration and distribution measured between the two sampler configurations could potentially be much larger in open channels that transport larger particles, such as sand.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Interior","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., 2017, Collecting a better water-quality sample: Reducing vertical stratification bias in open and closed channels, in Proceedings of the 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060694","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/3rdJFIC/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad6e1e4b0764e6c602147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187489,"text":"sir20175041 - 2017 - Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic conditions of the Piney Point aquifer in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:28:18","indexId":"sir20175041","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5041","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic conditions of the Piney Point aquifer in Virginia","docAbstract":"The Piney Point aquifer in Virginia is newly described and delineated as being composed of six geologic units, in a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ). The eastward-dipping geologic units include, in stratigraphically ascending order, the
Identification of geologic units is based on typical sediment lithologies of geologic formations. Fine-grained sediments that compose confining units positioned immediately above and below the Piney Point aquifer are also described.
The Piney Point aquifer is one of several confined aquifers within the Virginia Coastal Plain and includes a highly porous and solution-channeled indurated limestone within the Piney Point Formation from which withdrawals are made. The limestone is relatively continuous laterally across central parts of the Northern Neck, Middle Peninsula, and York-James Peninsula. Other geologic units are of variable extent. The configurations of most of the geologic units are further affected by newly identified faults that are aligned radially from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater and create constrictions or barriers to groundwater flow. Some geologic units are also truncated beneath the lower Rappahannock River by a resurge channel associated with the impact crater.
Groundwater withdrawals from the Piney Point aquifer increased from approximately 1 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) during 1900 to 7.35 Mgal/d during 2004. As a result, a water-level cone of depression in James City and northern York Counties was estimated to be as low as 70 feet (ft) below the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) by 2005. Withdrawals decreased to 5.01 Mgal/d by 2009 as withdrawals were shifted toward other sources, and by 2015 water levels had recovered to approximately 50 ft below NGVD 29.
The mean estimated transmissivity of the Piney Point aquifer in York and James City Counties is 16,300 feet squared per day (ft2/d), but farther north it is only 925 ft2/d. The mean well specific capacity in York and James City Counties is 11.4 gallons per minute per foot (gal/min/ft). Farther north in Virginia, mean specific capacity is only 2.26 gal/min/ft, and in Maryland it is 0.99 gal/min/ft. The northward decrease in specific capacity probably reflects the northward decrease in transmissivity, which results from poor development of the solution-channeled limestone.
An aquifer test in northern York County induced vertical leakage to the solution-channeled limestone from overlying silty sand and a change in response of the aquifer to pumping from a single layer to two layers. Transmissivity of the limestone of approximately 19,800 ft2/d was distinguished from the silty sand of approximately 2,500 ft2/d.
Most of the water in the Piney Point aquifer is slightly alkaline with moderate concentrations primarily of sodium and bicarbonate that are slightly undersaturated with respect to calcite. Iron concentrations are generally less than 0.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Mixing of freshwater with seawater has elevated chloride concentrations to the southeast to as much as 7,120 mg/L.
Information on the Piney Point aquifer can benefit water-resource management in siting production wells, predicting likely well yield, and anticipating water-level response to withdrawals. Models that vertically discretize individual geologic units can potentially be used to evaluate groundwater flow in greater detail by representing lateral flow and vertical leakage among the geologic units.
Because groundwater withdrawals are made primarily from the limestone and sand of the Piney Point Formation, the VA DEQ has considered regarding the limestone and sand singly as a regulated aquifer apart from the other geologic units. Under current policy in Virginia, if only the limestone and sand were regarded as a regulated aquifer, a greater amount of drawdown would be allowed than is allowed for the Piney Point aquifer consisting of six geologic units. Some production wells intercept multiple geologic units, and the units can undergo water-level decline and vertical leakage induced by pumping from the limestone and sand. Whether the other geologic units are to be regarded as regulated aquifers is an additional consideration for the VA DEQ.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"McFarland, E.R., 2017, Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic conditions of the Piney Point aquifer in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5041, 63 p., 2 pl., and CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175041.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 62 p.; 2 Plates: 24 x 36 inches and 36 x 24 inches; Appendixes 1-2; Data Release; Read Me","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075864","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342072,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/readme.txt","size":"1.27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":342068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"36.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Borehole Geologic-Unit Top-Surface Altitudes, Piney Point Aquifer, Virginia"},{"id":342066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":342069,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 ","size":"23.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Aquifer-Component Test data, Piney Point Aquifer, Virginia"},{"id":342071,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 ","size":"397 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Hydrogeologic Sections A–A’, B–B’, and C–C’ of the Piney Point Aquifer in Virginia"},{"id":342076,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BV7DV5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic Framework and Hydrologic Conditions of the Piney Point Aquifer in Virginia"},{"id":342067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5041"},{"id":342070,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5041/sir20175041_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 ","size":"444 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Locations of Boreholes and Extent of Productive Limestone in the Piney Point Aquifer in Virginia"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.291667,\n 38.291667\n ],\n [\n -76.208333,\n 38.291667\n ],\n [\n -76.208333,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -77.291667,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -77.291667,\n 38.291667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Organic compounds are removed from the atmosphere and deposited to the earth's surface via precipitation. In this study, we quantified variations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in precipitation during storm events at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory, a forested watershed in central Pennsylvania (USA). Precipitation samples were collected consecutively throughout the storm during 13 events, which spanned a range of seasons and synoptic meteorological conditions, including a hurricane. Further, we explored factors that affect the temporal variability by considering relationships of DOC in precipitation with atmospheric and storm characteristics. Concentrations and chemical composition of DOC changed considerably during storms, with the magnitude of change within individual events being comparable or higher than the range of variation in average event composition among events. While some previous studies observed that concentrations of other elements in precipitation typically decrease over the course of individual storm events, results of this study show that DOC concentrations in precipitation are highly variable. During most storm events concentrations decreased over time, possibly as a result of washing out of the below-cloud atmosphere. However, increasing concentrations that were observed in the later stages of some storm events highlight that DOC removal with precipitation is not merely a dilution response. Increases in DOC during events could result from advection of air masses, local emissions during breaks in precipitation, or chemical transformations in the atmosphere that enhance solubility of organic carbon compounds. This work advances understanding of processes occurring during storms that are relevant to studies of atmospheric chemistry, carbon cycling, and ecosystem responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.11235","usgsCitation":"Iavorivska, L., Boyer, E.W., Grimm, J.W., Miller, M.P., DeWalle, D.R., Davis, K.J., and Kaye, M., 2017, Variability of dissolved organic carbon in precipitation during storms at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory: Hydrological Processes, v. 31, no. 16, p. 2935-2950, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11235.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2935","endPage":"2950","ipdsId":"IP-079411","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Stone Valley Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.96344757080078,\n 40.60952174235882\n ],\n [\n -77.85358428955078,\n 40.60952174235882\n ],\n [\n -77.85358428955078,\n 40.71655807771725\n ],\n [\n -77.96344757080078,\n 40.71655807771725\n ],\n [\n -77.96344757080078,\n 40.60952174235882\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366da7e4b0f6c2d0d7d615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iavorivska, Lidiia","contributorId":175230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iavorivska","given":"Lidiia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimm, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":192616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeWalle, David R.","contributorId":23291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWalle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, Kenneth J.","contributorId":192617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kaye, Margot W.","contributorId":102031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaye","given":"Margot W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}