{"pageNumber":"92","pageRowStart":"2275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":70034917,"text":"70034917 - 2009 - Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:31:00","indexId":"70034917","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted a natural resource assessment at two national parks, New River Gorge National River and Shenandoah National Park, to help meet the goals of the Natural Resource Challenge-a program to help strengthen natural resource management at national parks. We met this challenge by synthesizing and interpreting natural resource information for planning purposes and we identified information gaps and natural significance of resources. We identified a variety of natural resources at both parks as being globally and/or nationally significant, including large expanses of unfragmented, mixed-mesophytic forests that qualify for wilderness protection, rare plant communities, diverse assemblages of neotropical migratory birds and salamanders, and outstanding aquatic recreational resources. In addition, these parks function, in part, as ecological reserves for plants in and wildlife. With these significant natural resources in mind, we also developed a suite of natural resource management recommendations in light of increasing threats from within and outside park boundaries. We hope that our approach can provide a blueprint for natural resource conservation at publicly owned lands.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Mahan, C., Vanderhorst, J., and Young, J., 2009, Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1301-1312, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1301","endPage":"1312","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9292-x"},{"id":243559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6355e4b0c8380cd72437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, C.G.","contributorId":105934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderhorst, J.P.","contributorId":82939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhorst","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034897,"text":"70034897 - 2009 - Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034897","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace","docAbstract":"Background: Fossil tracks made by non-avian theropod dinosaurs commonly reflect the habitual bipedal stance retained in living birds. Only rarely-captured behaviors, such as crouching, might create impressions made by the hands. Such tracks provide valuable information concerning the often poorly understood functional morphology of the early theropod forelimb. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe a well-preserved theropod trackway in a Lower Jurassic (???198 millionyear- old) lacustrine beach sandstone in the Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation in southwestern Utah. The trackway consists of prints of typical morphology, intermittent tail drags and, unusually, traces made by the animal resting on the substrate in a posture very similar to modern birds. The resting trace includes symmetrical pes impressions and well-defined impressions made by both hands, the tail, and the ischial callosity. Conclusions/Significance: The manus impressions corroborate that early theropods, like later birds, held their palms facing medially, in contrast to manus prints previously attributed to theropods that have forward-pointing digits. Both the symmetrical resting posture and the medially-facing palms therefore evolved by the Early Jurassic, much earlier in the theropod lineage than previously recognized, and may characterize all theropods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0004591","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Milner, A.R., Harris, J., Lockley, M., Kirkland, J., and Matthews, N., 2009, Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace: PLoS ONE, v. 4, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004591.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476520,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004591","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004591"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1b7e4b0c8380cd4adc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milner, Andrew R.C.","contributorId":13422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, J.D.","contributorId":105552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockley, M.G.","contributorId":34301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockley","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkland, J.I.","contributorId":47938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkland","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthews, N.A.","contributorId":37565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034857,"text":"70034857 - 2009 - Recent experimental data may point to a greater role for osmotic pressures in the subsurface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:53:57","indexId":"70034857","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent experimental data may point to a greater role for osmotic pressures in the subsurface","docAbstract":"<p><span>Uncertainty about the origin of anomalous fluid pressures in certain geologic settings has caused researchers to take a second look at osmosis, or flow driven by chemical potential differences, as a pressure‐generating process in the subsurface. Interest in geological osmosis has also increased because of an in situ experiment by Neuzil (2000) suggesting that Pierre Shale could generate large osmotic pressures when highly compacted. In the last few years, additional laboratory and in situ experiments have greatly increased the number of data on osmotic properties of argillaceous formations, but they have not been systematically examined. In this paper we compile these data and explore their implications for osmotic pressure generation in subsurface systems. Rather than base our analysis on osmotic efficiencies, which depend strongly on concentration, we calculated values of a quantity we term osmotic specific surface area (</span><i>A</i><sub><i>so</i></sub><span>) that, in principle, is a property of the porous medium only. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>A</i><sub><i>so</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values are consistent with a surprisingly broad spectrum of osmotic behavior in argillaceous formations, and all the formations tested exhibited at least a modest ability to generate osmotic pressure. It appears possible that under appropriate conditions some formations can be highly effective osmotic membranes able to generate osmotic pressures exceeding 30 MPa (3 km of head) at porosities as high as ∼0.1 and pressures exceeding 10 MPa at porosities as high as ∼0.2. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the lack of compelling field evidence for osmotic pressures, and we propose three explanations for the disparity: (1) Our analysis is flawed and argillaceous formations are less effective osmotic membranes than it suggests; (2) the necessary subsurface conditions, significant salinity differences within intact argillaceous formations, are rare; or (3) osmotic pressures are unlikely to be detected and are not recognized when encountered. The last possibility, that osmotic pressures routinely escape detection or are attributed to other mechanisms, has important implications for understanding subsurface flow regimes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006450","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., and Provost, A., 2009, Recent experimental data may point to a greater role for osmotic pressures in the subsurface: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 3, Article W03410; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006450.","productDescription":"Article W03410; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9616e4b0c8380cd81dbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Provost, A.M.","contributorId":16098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034807,"text":"70034807 - 2009 - Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034807","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1023,"text":"Biological Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment","docAbstract":"Plant populations are regulated by a diverse assortment of abiotic and biotic factors that influence seed dispersal and viability, and seedling establishment and growth at the microsite. Rarely does one animal guild exert as significant an influence on different plant assemblages as land crabs. We review three tropical coastal ecosystems-mangroves, island maritime forests, and mainland coastal terrestrial forests-where land crabs directly influence forest composition by limiting tree establishment and recruitment. Land crabs differentially prey on seeds, propagules and seedlings along nutrient, chemical and physical environmental gradients. In all of these ecosystems, but especially mangroves, abiotic gradients are well studied, strong and influence plant species distributions. However, we suggest that crab predation has primacy over many of these environmental factors by acting as the first limiting factor of tropical tree recruitment to drive the potential structural and compositional organisation of coastal forests. We show that the influence of crabs varies relative to tidal gradient, shoreline distance, canopy position, time, season, tree species and fruiting periodicity. Crabs also facilitate forest growth and development through such activities as excavation of burrows, creation of soil mounds, aeration of soils, removal of leaf litter into burrows and creation of carbon-rich soil microhabitats. For all three systems, land crabs influence the distribution, density and size-class structure of tree populations. Indeed, crabs are among the major drivers of tree recruitment in tropical coastal forest ecosystems, and their conservation should be included in management plans of these forests. ?? 2009 Cambridge Philosophical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00070.x","issn":"14647931","usgsCitation":"Lindquist, E., Krauss, K., Green, P., O’Dowd, D.J., Sherman, P., and Smith, T.J., 2009, Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment: Biological Reviews, v. 84, no. 2, p. 203-223, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00070.x.","startPage":"203","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00070.x"},{"id":243737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a41a9e4b0c8380cd656ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindquist, E.S.","contributorId":35976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, P.T.","contributorId":57682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Dowd, D. J.","contributorId":37099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dowd","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherman, P.M.","contributorId":99397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035668,"text":"70035668 - 2009 - Frequent eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last ∼2,600 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T11:31:40","indexId":"70035668","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequent eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last ∼2,600 years","docAbstract":"<p>Field, geochronologic, and geochemical evidence from proximal fine-grained tephras, and from limited exposures of Holocene lava flows and a small pyroclastic flow document ten&ndash;12 eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last 2,600&nbsp;years, contrasting with previously published evidence for only 11&ndash;12 eruptions of the volcano for all of the Holocene. Except for the pumiceous subplinian C event of 2,200&nbsp;cal year BP, the late-Holocene eruptions were weakly explosive, involving lava effusions and at least two block-and-ash pyroclastic flows. Eruptions were clustered from &sim;2,600 to &sim;2,200&nbsp;cal year BP, an interval referred to as the Summerland eruptive period that includes the youngest lava effusion from the volcano. Thin, fine-grained tephras are the only known primary volcanic products from eruptions near 1,500 and 1,000&nbsp;cal year BP, but these and earlier eruptions were penecontemporaneous with far-traveled lahars, probably created from newly erupted materials melting snow and glacial ice. The most recent magmatic eruption of Mount Rainier, documented geochemically, was the 1,000&nbsp;cal year BP event. Products from a proposed eruption of Mount Rainier between AD 1820 and 1854 (X tephra of Mullineaux (US Geol Surv Bull 1326:1&ndash;83, 1974)) are redeposited C tephra, probably transported onto young moraines by snow avalanches, and do not record a nineteenth century eruption. We found no conclusive evidence for an eruption associated with the clay-rich Electron <a class=\"reference-link webtrekk-track\" href=\"http://link.springer.com/search?dc.title=Mudflow&amp;facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&amp;sortOrder=relevance\">Mudflow</a> of &sim;500&nbsp;cal year BP, and though rare, non-eruptive collapse of unstable edifice flanks remains as a potential hazard from Mount Rainier.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-008-0245-7","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Vallance, J., 2009, Frequent eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last ∼2,600 years: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, no. 6, p. 595-618, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0245-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"618","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0245-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.85623168945312,\n              46.811809180463776\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85623168945312,\n              46.92728969746948\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.65710449218749,\n              46.92728969746948\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.65710449218749,\n              46.811809180463776\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85623168945312,\n              46.811809180463776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13d6e4b0c8380cd547d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallance, J.W.","contributorId":45336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035662,"text":"70035662 - 2009 - Volcanic hazards to airports","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T10:22:10","indexId":"70035662","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic hazards to airports","docAbstract":"<p><span>Volcanic activity has caused significant hazards to numerous airports worldwide, with local to far-ranging effects on travelers and commerce. Analysis of a new compilation of incidents of airports impacted by volcanic activity from 1944 through 2006 reveals that, at a minimum, 101 airports in 28 countries were affected on 171 occasions by eruptions at 46 volcanoes. Since 1980, five airports per year on average have been affected by volcanic activity, which indicates that volcanic hazards to airports are not rare on a worldwide basis. The main hazard to airports is ashfall, with accumulations of only a few millimeters sufficient to force temporary closures of some airports. A substantial portion of incidents has been caused by ash in airspace in the vicinity of airports, without accumulation of ash on the ground. On a few occasions, airports have been impacted by hazards other than ash (pyroclastic flow, lava flow, gas emission, and phreatic explosion). Several airports have been affected repeatedly by volcanic hazards. Four airports have been affected the most often and likely will continue to be among the most vulnerable owing to continued nearby volcanic activity: Fontanarossa International Airport in Catania, Italy; Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport in Alaska, USA; Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito, Ecuador; and Tokua Airport in Kokopo, Papua New Guinea. The USA has the most airports affected by volcanic activity (17) on the most occasions (33) and hosts the second highest number of volcanoes that have caused the disruptions (5, after Indonesia with 7). One-fifth of the affected airports are within 30&nbsp;km of the source volcanoes, approximately half are located within 150&nbsp;km of the source volcanoes, and about three-quarters are within 300&nbsp;km; nearly one-fifth are located more than 500&nbsp;km away from the source volcanoes. The volcanoes that have caused the most impacts are Soufriere Hills on the island of Montserrat in the British West Indies, Tungurahua in Ecuador, Mt. Etna in Italy, Rabaul caldera in Papua New Guinea, Mt. Spurr and Mt. St. Helens in the USA, Ruapehu in New Zealand, Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, and Anatahan in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (part of the USA). Ten countries—USA, Indonesia, Ecuador, Papua New Guinea, Italy, New Zealand, Philippines, Mexico, Japan, and United Kingdom—have the highest volcanic hazard and/or vulnerability measures for airports. The adverse impacts of volcanic eruptions on airports can be mitigated by preparedness and forewarning. Methods that have been used to forewarn airports of volcanic activity include real-time detection of explosive volcanic activity, forecasts of ash dispersion and deposition, and detection of approaching ash clouds using ground-based Doppler radar. Given the demonstrated vulnerability of airports to disruption from volcanic activity, at-risk airports should develop operational plans for ashfall events, and volcano-monitoring agencies should provide timely forewarning of imminent volcanic-ash hazards directly to airport operators.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-008-9254-2","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Guffanti, M.C., Mayberry, G.C., Casadevall, T.J., and Wunderman, R., 2009, Volcanic hazards to airports: Natural Hazards, v. 51, no. 2, p. 287-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9254-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487821,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232830","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216131,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9254-2"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2f4e4b08c986b32ae93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne C. guffanti@usgs.gov","contributorId":641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","email":"guffanti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayberry, Gari C. gmayberr@usgs.gov","contributorId":2650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayberry","given":"Gari","email":"gmayberr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":451721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas J. 0000-0002-9447-6864 tcasadevall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":2734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","email":"tcasadevall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wunderman, Richard","contributorId":33790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunderman","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035661,"text":"70035661 - 2009 - Landsliding in partially saturated materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T15:22:45","indexId":"70035661","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsliding in partially saturated materials","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainfall‐induced landslides are pervasive in hillslope environments around the world and among the most costly and deadly natural hazards. However, capturing their occurrence with scientific instrumentation in a natural setting is extremely rare. The prevailing thinking on landslide initiation, particularly for those landslides that occur under intense precipitation, is that the failure surface is saturated and has positive pore‐water pressures acting on it. Most analytic methods used for landslide hazard assessment are based on the above perception and assume that the failure surface is located beneath a water table. By monitoring the pore water and soil suction response to rainfall, we observed shallow landslide occurrence under partially saturated conditions for the first time in a natural setting. We show that the partially saturated shallow landslide at this site is predictable using measured soil suction and water content and a novel unified effective stress concept for partially saturated earth materials.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GL035996","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Godt, J., Baum, R., and Lu, N., 2009, Landsliding in partially saturated materials: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035996.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487820,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl035996","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035996"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a446ce4b0c8380cd66ac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, N.","contributorId":96025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000289,"text":"70000289 - 2008 - Evidence of infection by H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in healthy wild waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:30:36","indexId":"70000289","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2981,"text":"PLoS Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of infection by H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in healthy wild waterfowl","docAbstract":"The potential existence of a wild bird reservoir for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been recently questioned by the spread and the persisting circulation of H5N1 HPAI viruses, responsible for concurrent outbreaks in migratory and domestic birds over Asia, Europe, and Africa. During a large-scale surveillance programme over Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, we detected avian influenza viruses of H5N2 subtype with a highly pathogenic (HP) viral genotype in healthy birds of two wild waterfowl species sampled in Nigeria. We monitored the survival and regional movements of one of the infected birds through satellite telemetry, providing a rare evidence of a non-lethal natural infection by an HP viral genotype in wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis of the H5N2 viruses revealed close genetic relationships with H5 viruses of low pathogenicity circulating in Eurasian wild and domestic ducks. In addition, genetic analysis did not reveal known gallinaceous poultry adaptive mutations, suggesting that the emergence of HP strains could have taken place in either wild or domestic ducks or in non-gallinaceous species. The presence of coexisting but genetically distinguishable avian influenza viruses with an HP viral genotype in two cohabiting species of wild waterfowl, with evidence of non-lethal infection at least in one species and without evidence of prior extensive circulation of the virus in domestic poultry, suggest that some strains with a potential high pathogenicity for poultry could be maintained in a community of wild waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS Pathogens","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127","issn":"15537366","usgsCitation":"Gaidet, N., Cattoli, G., Hammoumi, S., Newman, S.H., Hagemeijer, W., Takekawa, J.Y., Cappelle, J., Dodman, T., Joannis, T., Gil, P., Monne, I., Fusaro, A., Capua, I., Manu, S., Micheloni, P., Ottosson, U., Mshelbwala, J., Lubroth, J., Domenech, J., and Monicat, F., 2008, Evidence of infection by H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in healthy wild waterfowl: PLoS Pathogens, v. 4, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476486,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127"},{"id":203397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaidet, N.","contributorId":60359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaidet","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cattoli, G.","contributorId":98856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cattoli","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammoumi, S.","contributorId":88463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammoumi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hagemeijer, W.","contributorId":54328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagemeijer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cappelle, J.","contributorId":56774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappelle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dodman, T.","contributorId":59543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodman","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Joannis, T.","contributorId":90858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joannis","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gil, P.","contributorId":19679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gil","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Monne, I.","contributorId":46201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monne","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Fusaro, A.","contributorId":39916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fusaro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Capua, I.","contributorId":66824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capua","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Manu, S.","contributorId":10135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Micheloni, P.","contributorId":87661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micheloni","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ottosson, U.","contributorId":80802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottosson","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Mshelbwala, J.H.","contributorId":22477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mshelbwala","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Lubroth, J.","contributorId":60360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubroth","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Domenech, J.","contributorId":101364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domenech","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Monicat, F.","contributorId":44653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monicat","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70000220,"text":"70000220 - 2008 - Phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on Palmyra atoll","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:04:03","indexId":"70000220","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on Palmyra atoll","docAbstract":"<p>Coral reefs can undergo relatively rapid changes in the dominant biota, a phenomenon referred to as phase shift. Various reasons have been proposed to explain this phenomenon including increased human disturbance, pollution, or changes in coral reef biota that serve a major ecological function such as depletion of grazers. However, pinpointing the actual factors potentially responsible can be problematic. Here we show a phase shift from coral to the corallimorpharian Rhodactis howesii associated with a long line vessel that wrecked in 1991 on an isolated atoll (Palmyra) in the central Pacific Ocean. We documented high densities of R. howesii near the ship that progressively decreased with distance from the ship whereas R. howesii were rare to absent in other parts of the atoll. We also confirmed high densities of R. howesii around several buoys recently installed on the atoll in 2001. This is the first time that a phase shift on a coral leef has been unambiguously associated with man-made structures. This association was made, in part, because of the remoteness of Palmyra and its recent history of minimal human habitation or impact. Phase shifts can have long-term negative ramification for coral reefs, and eradication of organisms responsible for phase shifts in marine ecosystems can be difficult, particularly if such organisms cover a large area. The extensive R. howesii invasion and subsequent loss of coral reef habitat at Palmyra also highlights the importance of rapid removal of shipwrecks on corals reefs to mitigate the potential of reef overgrowth by invasives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0002989","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Aeby, G., and Maragos, J., 2008, Phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on Palmyra atoll: PLoS ONE, v. 3, no. 8, e2989; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002989.","productDescription":"e2989; 5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476485,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002989"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Palmyra Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.12018013000488,\n              5.897712886098604\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.1010398864746,\n              5.898737401709217\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0877361297607,\n              5.8997619154270815\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.07039833068848,\n              5.901896312925506\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0578670501709,\n              5.900530299473203\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.05100059509277,\n              5.89557847249885\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.04241752624512,\n              5.890370468862985\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0366668701172,\n              5.885845442443525\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.03512191772458,\n              5.881235000276239\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.03452110290527,\n              5.875599963510307\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.03434944152832,\n              5.86842801605592\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.03563690185547,\n              5.864927389137947\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.04224586486816,\n              5.8645004819129625\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0655918121338,\n              5.864756626287151\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.073917388916,\n              5.866976539269172\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.08593368530273,\n              5.866208108852331\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.10816383361816,\n              5.864073574361272\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.11297035217285,\n              5.864927389137947\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.1175193786621,\n              5.888662916053492\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.12018013000488,\n              5.897712886098604\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":34078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aeby, G.S.","contributorId":56624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aeby","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maragos, J.E.","contributorId":100509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maragos","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000058,"text":"70000058 - 2008 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of a superhigh-organic-sulfur coal, Yanshan Coalfield, Yunnan, China: Evidence for a volcanic ash component and influence by submarine exhalation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000058","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of a superhigh-organic-sulfur coal, Yanshan Coalfield, Yunnan, China: Evidence for a volcanic ash component and influence by submarine exhalation","docAbstract":"The mineralogy and geochemistry of a superhigh-organic-sulfur (SHOS) coal of Late Permian age from the Yanshan Coalfield, Yunnan Province, southwestern China, have been studied using optical microscope, low-temperature ashing plus X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, a sequential chemical extraction procedure, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The M9 Coal from the Yanshan Coalfield is a SHOS coal that has a total sulfur content of 10.12%-11.30% and an organic sulfur content of 8.77%-10.30%. The minerals in the coal consist mainly of high-temperature quartz, sanidine, albite, muscovite, illite, pyrite, and trace amounts of kaolinite, plagioclase, akermanite, rutile, and dawsonite. As compared with ordinary worldwide (bituminous coals and anthracite) and Chinese coals, the M9 Coal is remarkably enriched in B (268????g/g), F (841????g/g), V (567????g/g), Cr (329????g/g), Ni (73.9????g/g), Mo (204????g/g), and U (153????g/g). In addition, elements including Se (25.2????g/g), Zr (262????g/g), Nb (20.1????g/g), Cd (2.07????g/g), and Tl (2.03????g/g) are also enriched in the coal. Occurrence of high-temperature quartz, sanidine, muscovite, and illite in the M9 Coal is evidence that there is a volcanic ash component in the coal that was derived from acid volcanic ashes fallen into the swamp during peat accumulation. Occurrence of albite and dawsonite in the coal and strong enrichment of some elements, including F, S, V, Cr, Ni, Mo and U, are attributed to the influence by submarine exhalation which invaded along with seawater into the anoxic peat swamp. Abundances of lithophile elements, including rare earth elements, Nb, Y, Zr, and TiO2, indicate that the silicate minerals in the coal were derived from the northern Vietnam Upland to the south of the basin. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.030","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Ren, D., Zhou, Y., Chou, C.L., Wang, X., Zhao, L., and Zhu, X., 2008, Mineralogy and geochemistry of a superhigh-organic-sulfur coal, Yanshan Coalfield, Yunnan, China: Evidence for a volcanic ash component and influence by submarine exhalation: Chemical Geology, v. 255, no. 1-2, p. 182-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.030.","startPage":"182","endPage":"194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.030"}],"volume":"255","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, Y.","contributorId":70526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, X.","contributorId":22076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhao, L.","contributorId":57196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhu, Xudong","contributorId":19684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Xudong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000041,"text":"70000041 - 2008 - Disentangling the role of hybridization in the evolution of the endangered Arizona cliffrose (Purshia subintegra; Rosaceae): A molecular and morphological analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000041","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling the role of hybridization in the evolution of the endangered Arizona cliffrose (Purshia subintegra; Rosaceae): A molecular and morphological analysis","docAbstract":"Hybridization may threaten the conservation status of rare species through genetic assimilation and may confound the ability to distinguish among taxa. We studied these issues in an endangered shrub, Purshia subintegra (Rosaceae), known from four populations growing on limestone outcrops in central Arizona (USA). Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and the Bayesian clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE, we identified three distinct genetic lineages among Arizona Purshia subintegra and P. stansburiana. An initial split divided San Carlos Basin P. subintegra (considered P. pinkavae by Schaack) from northern P. stansburiana populations (FST = 0.394). A subsequent split separated northern P. stansburiana from two P. subintegra populations at Horseshoe Lake and Burro Creek (FST = 0.207), which comprised a nearly perfect admixture of the two lineages identified in the initial analysis. In the Verde River Valley P. subintegra is sympatric with P. stansburiana and exhibited an average 27% P. stansburiana genes for 5 of 6 stands analyzed, indicating ongoing hybridization and backcrossing with P. subintegra. Individuals carrying >90% P. subintegra markers are identifiable 68% of the time based on morphology, with leaf lobing, leaf size, and leaf length acting as the most reliable indicators of taxonomic status. However, the genetic and morphological distance correlation among individuals was low (r = 0.17, P = 0.0002), indicating that morphology cannot always accurately predict genetic admixture or taxonomy. Overall, our study confirmed the genetic distinctiveness of the San Carlos Basin population, an ancient natural hybrid origin of P. subintegra, and the presence of a hybrid swarm in the Verde Valley, whose conservation value may lie in its heightened genetic diversity. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-007-9434-8","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Travis, S., Baggs, J., and Maschinski, J., 2008, Disentangling the role of hybridization in the evolution of the endangered Arizona cliffrose (Purshia subintegra; Rosaceae): A molecular and morphological analysis: Conservation Genetics, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1183-1194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9434-8.","startPage":"1183","endPage":"1194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9434-8"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Travis, S.E. 0000-0001-9338-8953","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-8953","contributorId":28718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baggs, J.E.","contributorId":29110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baggs","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maschinski, J.","contributorId":41120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maschinski","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000438,"text":"70000438 - 2008 - Changes in the soil C cycle at the arid-hyperarid transition in the Atacama Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000438","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the soil C cycle at the arid-hyperarid transition in the Atacama Desert","docAbstract":"We examined soil organic C (OC) turnover and transport across the rainfall transition from a biotic, arid site to a largely abiotic, hyperarid site. With this transition, OC concentrations decrease, and C cycling slows precipitously, both in surface horizons and below ground. The concentration and isotopic character of soil OC across this transition reflect decreasing rates of inputs, decomposition, and downward transport. OC concentrations in the arid soil increase slightly with depth in the upper meter, but are generally low and variable (???0.05%; total inventory of 1.82 kg m-2); OC-??14C values decrease from modern (+7???) to very 14C-depleted (-966???) with depth; and OC-??13C values are variable (-23.7??? to -14.1???). Using a transport model, we show that these trends reflect relatively rapid cycling in the upper few centimeters, and spatially variable preservation of belowground OC from root inputs, possibly during a previous, wetter climate supporting higher soil OC concentrations. In the driest soil, the OC inventory is the lowest among the sites (0.19 kg m-2), and radiocarbon values are 14C-depleted (-365??? to -696???) but show no trend with depth, indicating belowground OC inputs and long OC residence times throughout the upper meter (104 y). A distinct depth trend in ??13C values and OC/ON values within the upper 40 cm at the driest site may reflect photochemical alteration of organic matter at the soil surface, combined with limited subsurface decomposition and downward transport. We argue that while root inputs are preserved at the wetter sites, C cycling in the most hyperarid soil occurs through infrequent, rapid dissolved transport of highly photodegraded organic matter during rare rain events, each followed by a pulse of decomposition and subsequent prolonged drought. These belowground inputs are likely a primary control on the character, activity, and depth distribution of small microbial populations. While the lack of water is the dominant control on C cycling, very low C/N ratios of organic matter suggest that when rainfall occurs, hyperarid soils are effectively C limited. The preservation of fossil root fragments in the sediment beneath the driest soil indicates that wetter climate conditions preceded formation of this soil, and that vadose zone microbial activity has been extremely limited for the past 2 My. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JG000495","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ewing, S., Macalady, J.L., Warren-Rhodes, K., McKay, C., and Amundson, R., 2008, Changes in the soil C cycle at the arid-hyperarid transition in the Atacama Desert: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000495.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476601,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000495","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000495"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, S.A.","contributorId":103400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macalady, J. L.","contributorId":95600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macalady","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warren-Rhodes, K.","contributorId":70097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren-Rhodes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000410,"text":"70000410 - 2008 - Depositional settings of sand beaches along whitewater rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000410","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional settings of sand beaches along whitewater rivers","docAbstract":"The numbers and sizes of sand beaches suitable for recreation along selected whitewater rivers in the western United States depend on sand concentrations, range of discharge and the size, frequency and type of depositional settings. River-width expansions downstream from constrictions are the predominant depositional setting for sand beaches in the upper Grand Canyon and along five Wild and Scenic Rivers in Idaho, but not along other rivers. Beaches located upstream from constrictions are rare, in general, except in the Grand Canyon. Beaches found in expansions without constrictions dominate depositional sites along the Yampa and Green Rivers, are fairly common along the rivers in Idaho, but are relatively rare in the Grand Canyon. The magnitude of flow expansion is a reliable predictor of beach size. Beaches located on the inside of curves are uncommon, in general, but can be important recreation sites. The mid-channel bar setting is the least important from a recreation standpoint because that setting is rare and beaches there are typically small, and emergent only at low flow. The frequency of beaches is highly variable among rivers and the concentration of sand in transport is only partially responsible. Of the rivers studied, the unregulated Yampa River carries the highest concentrations of suspended sand and has among the most beaches (1.2 beaches km-1). Emergent sand beaches are essentially nonexistent along the Deschutes River and are rare along other Oregon rivers, yet these rivers transport some sand. Sand beaches are fairly common (0.8-1.1 beaches km-1) along the regulated Colorado River, but are comparatively rare (0.6 beaches km-1) along the unregulated Middle Fork Salmon River. The suspended sand concentrations in study reaches of these two rivers are similar, and the difference in the frequency of beaches may be largely because the processes that create beach-deposition settings are less active along the Middle Fork Salmon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1079","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Vincent, K., and Andrews, E., 2008, Depositional settings of sand beaches along whitewater rivers: River Research and Applications, v. 24, no. 6, p. 771-788, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1079.","startPage":"771","endPage":"788","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476602,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1079"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4813e4b07f02db4da73d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vincent, K.R.","contributorId":42563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000317,"text":"70000317 - 2008 - Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000317","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range","docAbstract":"Subspecific affinities, determination of population boundaries, and levels of population connectedness are of critical importance for the development of management and conservation planning. We used variation at a mitochondrial locus and 5 biparentally inherited nuclear loci to determine partitioning of genetic variation of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) within and among caves occurring in a fragmented landscape of gypsum deposits in western Oklahoma. To accomplish this objective, we first performed a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial locus of western big-eared bats from a large portion of their range. This analysis indicated that western big-eared bats at the periphery of the distribution in western Oklahoma share phylogenetic affinities with the most geographically restricted subspecies, C. t. pallescens. Because C. townsendii is rare in Oklahoma and is listed as a species of special concern, this finding provides additional support for the continued protection of this species in Oklahoma. Within western Oklahoma, we failed to detect significant differentiation among any caves for the biparentally inherited microsatellite data. However, the mitochondrial locus exhibited significant levels of genetic differentiation among caves, with the highest level of differentiation occurring between caves within the disjunct distributions of gypsum (??ST = 38.76%). Although a significant amount of genetic differentiation was detected between populations on the 2 disjunct distributions of gypsum deposits, Analysis with the program Migrate suggested high levels of asymmetric gene flow among some populations. Our results provide a greater understanding of the population dynamics of western big-eared bats on the periphery of their range and highlight the importance of continued monitoring and study of this taxon. ?? 2008 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/06-MAMM-A-279.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Smith, S., Leslie, D., Hamilton, M., Lack, J., and Van Den Bussche, R.A., 2008, Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 89, no. 4, p. 799-814, https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-279.1.","startPage":"799","endPage":"814","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476508,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-a-279.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-279.1"}],"volume":"89","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S.J.","contributorId":23675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, M.J.","contributorId":77645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lack, Justin B.","contributorId":82038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lack","given":"Justin B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000459,"text":"70000459 - 2008 - Veneers, rinds, and fracture fills: Relatively late alteration of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T11:24:51","indexId":"70000459","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Veneers, rinds, and fracture fills: Relatively late alteration of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>Veneers and thicker rinds that coat outcrop surfaces and partially cemented fracture fills formed perpendicular to bedding document relatively late stage alteration of ancient sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars. The chemistry of submillimeter thick, buff-colored veneers reflects multiple processes at work since the establishment of the current plains surface. Veneer composition is dominated by the mixing of silicate-rich dust and sulfate-rich outcrop surface, but it has also been influenced by mineral precipitation, including NaCl, and possibly by limited physical or chemical weathering of sulfate minerals. Competing processes of chemical alteration (perhaps mediated by thin films of water or water vapor beneath blanketing soils) and sandblasting of exposed outcrop surfaces determine the current distribution of veneers. Dark-toned rinds several millimeters thick reflect more extensive surface alteration but also indicate combined dust admixture, halite precipitation, and possible minor sulfate removal. Cemented fracture fills that are differentially resistant to erosion occur along the margins of linear fracture systems possibly related to impact. These appear to reflect limited groundwater activity along the margins of fractures, cementing mechanically introduced fill derived principally from outcrop rocks. The limited thickness and spatial distribution of these three features suggest that aqueous activity has been rare and transient or has operated at exceedingly low rates during the protracted interval since outcropping Meridiani strata were exposed on the plains surface.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C. ","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002949","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Knoll, A., Jolliff, B., Farrand, W.H., Bell, J., Clark, B.C., Gellert, R., Golombek, M., Grotzinger, J., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johson, J., McLennam, S., Morris, R., Squyres, S.W., Sullivan, R., Tosca, N., Yen, A., and Learner, Z., 2008, Veneers, rinds, and fracture fills: Relatively late alteration of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. 6, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002949.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je002949","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Meridiani Planum","volume":"113","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6022fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, B. C.","contributorId":39918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.P.","contributorId":76053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johson, J.R.","contributorId":51432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McLennam, S.M.","contributorId":76867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennam","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Morris, Robert","contributorId":70723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tosca, N.J.","contributorId":17354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Yen, A.","contributorId":76054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Learner, Z.","contributorId":90444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Learner","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":5224928,"text":"5224928 - 2008 - Field Marks of a Celebration: Roger Tory Peterson's Centennial Birthday","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224928","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":939,"text":"Audubon Naturalist News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field Marks of a Celebration: Roger Tory Peterson's Centennial Birthday","docAbstract":"A red letter day in my life was April 27, 1934, the day I first met Roger.  A birding friend, Elisha Atkins, had invited Clinton Reynolds and me to dinner to meet a famous ornithologist.  We would all be going on a field trip to Newburyport on the Massachusetts coast the next day.     The dinner conversation revolved about a new field guide that Mr. Peterson had just completed and that would be available in a few days.  I couldn?t wait to see it!  I had been birding since 1930, keying out live birds with Chapman?s Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America (1912) and Hoffman?s Guide to the Birds of New England and Eastern New York (1904).  Both books had extensive keys based on color, size, bill shape and season, and pictures of heads or feet of some species.  Positive bird identification was a long and tedious process.     The field trip the next day with Roger was memorable, not for finding any rare or unusual birds, but for learning how to identify birds to species at a single good glance.  I recall asking Roger if he could find a ring-billed gull among a group of gulls resting on a roof beside the Merrimac River.  He immediately said, ?No there aren?t any ring-bills there; they would be immediately apparent by their slimmer shape.?  There was no need to check the foot color on each bird.     While it is easy to say that Roger revolutionized field guides, I truly believe there are few people worldwide under the age of 90 who can really appreciate the difference between the old way of keying out birds and the instant recognition promoted by the Peterson system.  Today we take for granted that amateurs can identify birds accurately.  Monitoring bird populations by Breeding Bird Surveys, atlas studies, Breeding Bird Censuses, migration banding, and many other studies relies on it.  None of these would be possible if we were still keying out live birds using books designed to identify dead birds in the hand.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Audubon Naturalist News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Introduction and Reflection Essays complied by Julie Dunlap.  Chan Robbins' contribution is on p. 5 of her article, and quoted below.  7035_Dunlap.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dunlap, J., and Robbins, C., 2008, Field Marks of a Celebration: Roger Tory Peterson's Centennial Birthday: Audubon Naturalist News, v. 34, no. 5, p. 4-6.","productDescription":"4-6","startPage":"4","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16943,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.audubonnaturalist.org/default.asp?page=717","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5a39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunlap, J.","contributorId":20870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97281,"text":"ofr20081356 - 2008 - Factors that Influence the Price of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Rare Earth Elements, and Zn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"ofr20081356","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1356","title":"Factors that Influence the Price of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Rare Earth Elements, and Zn","docAbstract":"This report is based on a presentation delivered at The 12th International Battery Materials Recycling Seminar, March 17-20, 2008, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., about the factors that influence prices for aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, nickel, rare earth elements, and zinc. These are a diverse group of metals that are of interest to the battery recycling industry. Because the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) closely monitors, yet neither buys nor sells, metal commodities, it is an unbiased source of metal price information and analysis.\r\n\r\nThe authors used information about these and other metals collected and published by the USGS (U.S. production, trade, stocks, and prices and world production) and internationally (consumption and stocks by country) from industry organizations, because metal markets are influenced by activities and events over the entire globe. Long-term prices in this report, represented by unit values, were adjusted to 1998 constant dollars to remove the effects of inflation. A previous USGS study in this subject area was 'Economic Drivers of Mineral Supply' by Lorie A. Wagner, Daniel E. Sullivan, and John L. Sznopek (USGS Open File Report 02-335). \r\n\r\nBy seeking a common cause for common behavior of prices among the various metal commodities, the authors found that major factors that influence prices of metal commodities were international events such as wars and recessions, and national events such as the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and economic growth in China, which started its open door policy in the 1970s but did not have significant market impact until the 1990s. Metal commodity prices also responded to commodity-specific events such as tariff or usage changes or mine strikes. \r\n\r\nIt is shown that the prices of aluminum, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, and zinc are at historic highs, that world stocks are at (or near) historic lows, and that China's consumption of these metals had increased substantially, making it the world's leading consumer of these metals.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081356","usgsCitation":"Papp, J.F., Bray, E.L., Edelstein, D.L., Fenton, M.D., Guberman, D.E., Hedrick, J.B., Jorgenson, J.D., Kuck, P.H., Shedd, K.B., and Tolcin, A., 2008, Factors that Influence the Price of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Rare Earth Elements, and Zn: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1356, iv, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081356.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p.","temporalStart":"2008-03-17","temporalEnd":"2008-03-20","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12332,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1356/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papp, John F. jpapp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"John","email":"jpapp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bray, E. Lee lbray@usgs.gov","contributorId":39903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"E.","email":"lbray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edelstein, Daniel L. dedelste@usgs.gov","contributorId":2894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dedelste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fenton, Michael D. mfenton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Michael","email":"mfenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guberman, David E. dguberman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guberman","given":"David","email":"dguberman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedrick, James B.","contributorId":19993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jorgenson, John D.","contributorId":74087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuck, Peter H. pkuck@usgs.gov","contributorId":5173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuck","given":"Peter","email":"pkuck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shedd, Kim B. kshedd@usgs.gov","contributorId":2896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"Kim","email":"kshedd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tolcin, Amy C. atolcin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolcin","given":"Amy C.","email":"atolcin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":97181,"text":"ds385 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T11:49:24.58475","indexId":"ds385","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"385","title":"Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water quality in the approximately 3,340 mi<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Middle Sacramento Valley study unit (MSACV) was investigated from June through September, 2006, as part of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) program. The GAMA Priority Basin Assessment project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).</p><p>The Middle Sacramento Valley study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within MSACV, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 108 wells in Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo, and Yuba Counties. Seventy-one wells were selected using a randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), 15 wells were selected to evaluate changes in water chemistry along ground-water flow paths (flow-path wells), and 22 were shallow monitoring wells selected to assess the effects of rice agriculture, a major land use in the study unit, on ground-water chemistry (RICE wells).</p><p>The ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], gasoline oxygenates and degradates, pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water.</p><p>Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, laboratory matrix spikes) were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a noticeable source of bias in the data for the ground-water samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most constituents.</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with regulatory thresholds.</p><p>Most constituents that were detected in ground-water samples were found at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. VOCs were detected in less than one-third and pesticides and pesticide degradates in just over one-half of the grid wells, and all detections of these constituents in samples from all wells of the MSACV study unit were below health-based thresholds. All detections of trace elements in samples from MSACV grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exceptions of arsenic and boron.</p><p>Arsenic concentrations were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) threshold in eight grid wells, and boron concentrations were above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) in two grid wells. Arsenic was detected above the MCL-US in two flow-path wells. Arsenic, barium, boron, molybdenum, strontium, and vanadium were detected above health-based thresholds in a few of the RICE wells; these wells are not used to supply drinking water. All detections of radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds, although six samples had activities of radon-222 above the lower proposed MCL-US threshold. Most of the samples from the MSACV wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Chloride and sulfate concentrations exceeded SMCL-CA thresholds in two and one grid well, respectively. Iron, manganese, and total dissolved solids concentrations were above the SMCL-CA thresholds in 1, 12, and 6 grid wells, respectively. Nitrate (nitrite plus nitrate, as dissolved nitrogen) concentrations from two grid wells were above the MCL-US threshold. There were no detections of microbial indicators in MSACV.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds385","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, S., Fram, M.S., Milby Dawson, B.J., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 385, x, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds385.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/385/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388812,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86258.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,32 ], [ -125,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -125,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Stephen J.","contributorId":85283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156071,"text":"70156071 - 2008 - Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T16:13:43","indexId":"70156071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite increasingly large investments, the potential ecological effects of river restoration programs are still small compared to the degree of human alterations to physical and ecological function. Thus, it is rarely possible to &ldquo;restore&rdquo; pre-disturbance conditions; rather restoration programs (even large, well-funded ones) will nearly always involve multiple small projects, each of which can make some modest change to selected ecosystem processes and habitats. At present, such projects are typically selected based on their attributes as individual projects (e.g., consistency with programmatic goals of the funders, scientific soundness, and acceptance by local communities), and ease of implementation. Projects are rarely prioritized (at least explicitly) based on how they will cumulatively affect ecosystem function over coming decades. Such projections require an understanding of the form of the restoration response curve, or at least that we assume some plausible relations and estimate cumulative effects based thereon. Drawing on our experience with the CALFED Bay-Delta Ecosystem Restoration Program in California, we consider potential cumulative system-wide benefits of a restoration activity extensively implemented in the region: isolating/filling abandoned floodplain gravel pits captured by rivers to reduce predation of outmigrating juvenile salmon by exotic warmwater species inhabiting the pits. We present a simple spreadsheet model to show how different assumptions about gravel pit bathymetry and predator behavior would affect the cumulative benefits of multiple pit-filling and isolation projects, and how these insights could help managers prioritize which pits to fill.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9162-y","usgsCitation":"Kondolf, G.M., Angermeier, P.L., Cummins, K., Dunne, T., Healey, M., Kimmerer, W., Moyle, P.B., Murphy, D., Patten, D., Railsback, S., Reed, D.J., Spies, R.B., and Twiss, R., 2008, Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California: Environmental Management, v. 42, no. 6, p. 933-945, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9162-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007035","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25585937500001,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              38.556757147352215\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11376953125,\n              36.80048816579081\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.520263671875,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59643554687499,\n              37.727280276860036\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              40.38839687388361\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25585937500001,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbbe4b08400b1fe142b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kondolf, G. Mathias","contributorId":146516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondolf","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummins, Kenneth","contributorId":146517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cummins","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Healey, Michael","contributorId":146519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Healey","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim","contributorId":26584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, Dennis","contributorId":15236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Patten, Duncan","contributorId":146522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patten","given":"Duncan","affiliations":[{"id":13655,"text":"Montana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Railsback, Steve F.","contributorId":68449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steve F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reed, Denise J.","contributorId":71903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spies, Robert B.","contributorId":146523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spies","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Twiss, Robert","contributorId":146524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twiss","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":97163,"text":"ds387 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T18:17:33.675636","indexId":"ds387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"387","title":"Ground-water quality data in the coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 860 square-mile Coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit (CLAB) was investigated from June to November of 2006 as part of the Statewide Basin Assessment Project of the Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Statewide Basin Assessment was developed in response to the Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).\r\n\r\nThe Coastal Los Angeles Basin study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within CLAB, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 69 wells in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Fifty-five of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (?grid wells?). Fourteen additional wells were selected to evaluate changes in ground-water chemistry or to gain a greater understanding of the ground-water quality within a specific portion of the Coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit ('understanding wells').\r\n\r\nGround-water samples were analyzed for: a large number of synthetic organic constituents [volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gasoline oxygenates and their degradates, pesticides, polar pesticides, and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and potential wastewater-indicators]; constituents of special interest [perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 1,4-dioxane, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP)]; inorganic constituents that can occur naturally [nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements]; radioactive constituents [gross-alpha and gross-beta radiation, radium isotopes, and radon-222]; and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes [stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen, and activities of tritium and carbon-14] and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water.\r\n\r\nQuality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) were collected at approximately one-fourth of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a significant source of bias. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds. Assessment of the quality-control information resulted in applying ?V? codes to approximately 0.1 percent of the data collected for ground-water samples (meaning a constituent was detected in blanks as well as the corresponding environmental data).\r\n\r\nThis study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain acceptable drinking-water quality. Regulatory thresholds are applied to the treated drinking water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), California Department of Public Health (CDPH, formerly California Department of Health Services [CADHS]) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only, and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those thresholds.\r\n\r\nVOCs were detected in alm","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds387","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program (Version 1.1, Revised Mar 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 387, x, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds387.","productDescription":"x, 98 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402999,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86219.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12149,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/387/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.75146484375,\n              33.62376800118811\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.520751953125,\n              34.134541681937364\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.861328125,\n              34.252676117101515\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              34.37064492478658\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.99291992187499,\n              34.17090836352573\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50952148437499,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.377685546875,\n              33.715201644740844\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0810546875,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.88330078125,\n              33.55055114384406\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75146484375,\n              33.62376800118811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Mar 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d53e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97104,"text":"sir20085177 - 2008 - Degree of contamination and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in Meandering Road Creek and Woods Inlet of Lake Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, 2004 and 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T21:14:35.735554","indexId":"sir20085177","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5177","title":"Degree of contamination and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in Meandering Road Creek and Woods Inlet of Lake Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, 2004 and 2006-07","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake Worth is a reservoir on the West Fork Trinity River on the western edge of Fort Worth, Texas. Air Force Plant 4 (AFP4) is on the eastern shore of Woods Inlet, an arm of Lake Worth that extends south from the main body of the lake. Two previous reports documented ele­vated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in surficial sediment in Woods Inlet relative to those in surficial sediment in other parts of Lake Worth. This report presents the results of another USGS study, done in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, to indicate the degree of PCB contamination of Meandering Road Creek and Woods Inlet and to identify possible sources of PCBs in Meandering Road Creek and Woods Inlet on the basis of suspended, streambed, and lake-bottom sediment samples collected there in 2004 and 2006–07. About 40 to 80 percent of total PCB concentrations (depending on how total PCB concentration is computed) in suspended sediment exceed the threshold effect concentration, a concentration below which adverse effects to benthic biota rarely occur. About 20 percent of total PCB concentrations (computed as sum of three Aroclors) in suspended sediment exceed the probable effect concentration, a concentration above which adverse effects to benthic biota are expected to occur frequently. About 20 to 30 percent of total PCB concentrations in streambed sediment exceed the threshold effect concentration; and about 6 to 20 percent of total PCB concentrations in lake-bottom (Woods Inlet) sediment exceed the threshold effect concentration. No streambed or lake-bottom sediment concentrations exceed the probable effect concentration. The sources of PCBs to Meandering Road Creek and Woods Inlet were investigated by comparing the relative distributions of PCB congeners of suspended sediment to those of streambed and lake-bottom sediment. The sources of PCBs were identified using graphical analysis of normalized concentrations (congener ratios) of 11 congeners. For graphical analysis, the sampling sites were divided into three groups with each group associated with one of the three outfalls sampled: SSO, OF4, and OF5. The variations of normalized PCB congener concentrations from Woods Inlet, from outfalls along Meandering Road Creek, and from streambed sediment sampling sites along Meandering Road Creek generally form similar patterns within sample groups, which is indicative of a common source of PCBs to each group. Overall, the variations in congener ratios indicate that PCBs in surficial lake-bottom sediment of Woods Inlet probably entered Woods Inlet primarily from Meandering Road Creek, and that runoff from AFP4 is a prominent source of PCBs in Meandering Road Creek. Sixteen of the 20 box core sites in Woods Inlet had lower PCB concentrations in the 2006 cores compared to those in the 2003 cores.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., Wilson, J.T., and Van Metre, P., 2008, Degree of contamination and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in Meandering Road Creek and Woods Inlet of Lake Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, 2004 and 2006-07 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5177, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085177.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424350,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85381.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327657,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5177/pdf/sir2008-5177.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":124861,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5177.jpg"},{"id":12085,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Lake Worth, Meandering Road Creek, Woods Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.46666666666667,32.75 ], [ -97.46666666666667,32.8 ], [ -97.4,32.8 ], [ -97.4,32.75 ], [ -97.46666666666667,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184304,"text":"70184304 - 2008 - Tracking sea turtles in the Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:38:34","indexId":"70184304","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1496,"text":"Endangered Species Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking sea turtles in the Everglades","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long history of conducting research on threatened, endangered, and at-risk species inhabiting both terrestrial and marine environments, particularly those found within national parks and protected areas. In the coastal Gulf of Mexico region, for example, USGS scientist Donna Shaver at Padre Island National Seashore in Texas has focused on “headstarting” hatchlings of the rare Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii). She is also analyzing trends in sea turtle strandings onshore and interactions with Gulf shrimp fisheries. </p><p>Along south Florida’s Gulf coast, the USGS has focused on research and monitoring for managing the greater Everglades ecosystem. One novel project involves the endangered green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). The ecology and movements of adult green turtles are reasonably well understood, largely due to decades of nesting beach monitoring by a network of researchers and volunteers. In contrast, relatively little is known about the habitat requirements and movements of juvenile and subadult sea turtles of any species in their aquatic environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., 2008, Tracking sea turtles in the Everglades: Endangered Species Bulletin, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/endangered/news/pdf/bulletin_fall2008.pdf","text":"Document","size":"4,017 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              24.512141466217635\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7442626953125,\n              24.512141466217635\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7442626953125,\n              26.31311263768267\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              26.31311263768267\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              24.512141466217635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f9e4b014cc3a3ba4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristin M.","contributorId":147610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044007,"text":"70044007 - 2008 - What can we learn from the Wells, NV earthquake sequence about seismic hazard in the intermountain west?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T09:27:45","indexId":"70044007","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"What can we learn from the Wells, NV earthquake sequence about seismic hazard in the intermountain west?","docAbstract":"The February 21, 2008 Wells, NV earthquake (M 6) was felt throughout eastern Nevada, southern Idaho, and western Utah. The town of Wells sustained significant damage to unreinforced masonry buildings. The earthquake occurred in a region of low seismic hazard with little seismicity, low geodetic strain rates, and few mapped faults. The peak horizontal ground acceleration predicted by the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps is about 0.2 g at 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, with the contributions coming mostly from the Ruby Mountain fault and background seismicity (M5-7.0). The hazard model predicts that the probability of occurrence of an M>6 event within 50 km of Wells is about 15% in 100 years. Although the earthquake was inside the USArray Transportable Array network, the nearest on-scale recordings of ground motions from the mainshock were too distant to estimate accelerations in town. The University of Nevada Reno, the University of Utah, and the U.S. Geological Survey deployed portable instruments to capture the ground motions from aftershocks of this rare normal-faulting event. Shaking from a M 4.7 aftershock recorded on portable instruments at distances less than 10 km exceeded 0.3 g, and sustained accelerations above 0.1 g lasted for about 5 seconds. For a magnitude 5 earthquake at 10 km distance the NGA equations predict median peak ground accelerations about 0.1 g. Ground motions from normal faulting earthquakes are poorly represented in the ground motion prediction equations. We compare portable and Transportable Array ground-motion recordings with prediction equations. Advanced National Seismic System stations in Utah recorded ground motions 250 km from the mainshock of about 2% g. The maximum ground motion recorded in Salt Lake City was in the center of the basin. We analyze the spatial variability of ground motions (rock vs. soil) and the influence of the Salt Lake Basin in modifying the ground motions. We then compare this data with the September 28, 2004 Parkfield aftershocks to contrast the differences between strike-slip and normal ground motions.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":20,"text":"Poster"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Pankow, K., Biasi, G., and Meremonte, M., 2008, What can we learn from the Wells, NV earthquake sequence about seismic hazard in the intermountain west?.","ipdsId":"IP-008791","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1f2e4b0605bc571f043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pankow, K.L.","contributorId":31191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biasi, G. P. 0000-0003-0940-5488","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-5488","contributorId":41180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biasi","given":"G. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meremonte, M.","contributorId":22915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86659,"text":"ofr20081274 - 2008 - Debris flows and floods in southeastern Arizona from extreme precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, frequency, and sediment delivery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T22:03:03.813034","indexId":"ofr20081274","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1274","displayTitle":"Debris Flows and Floods in Southeastern Arizona from Extreme Precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, Frequency, and Sediment Delivery","title":"Debris flows and floods in southeastern Arizona from extreme precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, frequency, and sediment delivery","docAbstract":"<p>From July 31 to August 1, 2006, an unusual set of atmospheric conditions aligned to produce record floods and an unprecedented number of slope failures and debris flows in southeastern Arizona. During the week leading up to the event, an upper-level low-pressure system centered over New Mexico generated widespread and locally heavy rainfall in southeastern Arizona, culminating in a series of strong, mesoscale convective systems that affected the region in the early morning hours of July 31 and August 1. Rainfall from July 27 through 30 provided sufficient antecedent moisture that the storms of July 31 through August 1 resulted in record streamflow flooding in northeastern Pima County and eastern Pinal County. The rainfall caused at least 623 slope failures in four mountain ranges, including more than 30 near Bowie Mountain in the northern Chiracahua Mountains, and 113 at the southern end of the Huachuca Mountains within and adjacent to Coronado National Memorial.</p><p>In the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, 435 slope failures spawned debris flows on July 31 that, together with flood runoff, damaged structures and roads, affecting infrastructure within Tucson’s urban boundary. Heavy, localized rainfall in the Galiuro Mountains on August 1, 2006, resulted in at least 45 slope failures and an unknown number of debris flows in Aravaipa Canyon. In the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, the maximum 3-day precipitation measured at a climate station for July 29-31 was 12.04 in., which has a 1,200-year recurrence interval. Other rainfall totals from late July to August 1 in southeastern Arizona also exceeded 1,000-year recurrence intervals. The storms produced floods of record along six watercourses, and these floods had recurrence intervals of 100-500 years. Repeat photography suggests that the spate of slope failures was historically unprecedented, and geologic mapping and cosmogenic dating of ancient debris-flow deposits indicate that debris flows reaching alluvial fans in the Tucson basin are extremely rare events. Although recent watershed changes—particularly the impacts of recent wildland fires—may be important locally, the record number of slope failures and debris flows were related predominantly to extreme precipitation, not other factors such as fire history.</p><p>The large number of slope failures and debris flows in an area with few such occurrences historically underscores the rarity of this type of meteorological event in southeastern Arizona. Most slope failures appeared to be shallow-seated slope failures of colluvium on steep slopes that caused deep scour of chutes and substantial aggradation of channels downstream. In the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, we estimate that 1.5 million tons of sediment were released from slope failures into the channels of ten drainage basins. Thirty-six percent of this sediment (527,000 tons) is gravel-sized or smaller and is likely to be transported by streamflow out of the mountain drainages and into the drainage network of metropolitan Tucson. This sediment poses a potential flood hazard by reducing conveyance in fixed-section flood control structures along Rillito Creek and its major tributaries, although our estimates suggest that deposition may be small if it is distributed widely along the channel, which is expected.</p><p>Using the stochastic debris-flow model LAHARZ, we simulated debris-flow transport from slope failures to the apices of alluvial fans flanking the southern Santa Catalina Mountains. Despite considerable uncertainty in applying coefficients developed from worldwide observations to conditions in the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, we predicted the approximate area of depositional zones for several 2006 debris flows, particularly for Soldier Canyon. Better results could be achieved in some canyons if sediment budgets could be developed to account for alternating transport and deposition zones in channels with abrupt expansions and contractions, such as Rattlesnake Canyon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081274","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pima County Regional Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Magirl, C.S., Griffiths, P.G., and Boyer, D.E., 2008, Debris flows and floods in southeastern Arizona from extreme precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, frequency, and sediment delivery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1274, vi, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081274.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-07-27","temporalEnd":"2006-08-01","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84761.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Santa Catalina Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.85205078124999,\n              32.310348764525806\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64880371093749,\n              32.310348764525806\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64880371093749,\n              32.44024912337551\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85205078124999,\n              32.44024912337551\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85205078124999,\n              32.310348764525806\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, Diane E.","contributorId":22018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86276,"text":"pp1756 - 2008 - The Role of Eolian Sediment in the Preservation of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"pp1756","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1756","title":"The Role of Eolian Sediment in the Preservation of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"Since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, the natural hydrologic and sedimentary systems along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon reach have changed substantially (see, for example, Andrews, 1986; Johnson and Carothers, 1987; Webb and others, 1999b; Rubin and others, 2002; Topping and others, 2003; Wright and others, 2005; Hazel and others, 2006b). The dam has reduced the fluvial sediment supply at the upstream boundary of Grand Canyon National Park by about 95 percent. Regulation of river discharge by dam operations has important implications for the storage and redistribution of sediment in the Colorado River corridor. In the absence of floods, sediment is not deposited at elevations that regularly received sediment before dam closure. Riparian vegetation has colonized areas at lower elevations than in predam time when annual floods removed young vegetation (Turner and Karpiscak, 1980). Together, these factors have caused a systemwide decrease in the size and number of subaerially exposed fluvial sand deposits since the 1960s, punctuated by episodic aggradation during the exceptional high-flow intervals in 1983-84, 1996, and 2004 and by sediment input from occasional tributary floods (Beus and others, 1985; Schmidt and Graf, 1987; Kearsley and others, 1994; Hazel and others, 1999; Schmidt and others, 2004; Wright and others, 2005).\r\n\r\nWhen the Bureau of Reclamation sponsored the creation of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) research initiative in 1982, research objectives included physical and biologic resources, whereas the effects of dam operations\r\non cultural resources were not addressed (Fairley and others, 1994; Fairley, 2003). In the early 1980s, it was widely believed that because few archeologic sites were preserved within the river's annual-flood zone, cultural features would not be greatly affected by dam operations. Recent studies, however, indicate that alterations in the flow and sediment load of the Colorado River by Glen Canyon Dam operations may affect archeologic sites within the river corridor, even above the annual flood limit (Hereford and others, 1993, Yeatts, 1996, 1997; Thompson and Potochnik, 2000; Draut and others, 2005). (The annual-flood zone is defined here by the mean annual predam flood of 2,410 m3/s; the 'predam flood limit', the highest elevation at which fluvial deposits are present locally, was approximately equivalent to a rare, major flood of 8,500 m3/s; Topping and others, 2003.) Of about 500 archeologic sites documented between Glen Canyon Dam and Separation Canyon (255 river miles), more than 330 are considered to be within the area of potential effect (APE) of dam operations (Fairley and others, 1994; Neal and others, 2000; Fairley, 2005). The APE was designated by the National Park Service (NPS) to include the area below the peak stage of the 1884 flood; though previously believed to have reached 8,490 m3/s, this flood was shown by Topping and others (2003) to have peaked at 5,940 m3/s.\r\n\r\nArcheologic research and monitoring in Grand Canyon National Park focus increasingly on the potential effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations on the landscape in which these sites exist. Many archeologic sites in or on sedimentary deposits are being eroded, owing to eolian deflation and gully incision (Leap and others, 2000; Neal and others, 2000; Fairley, 2003, 2005). Hereford and others (1993) first suggested that gully incision of sedimentary deposits, and the base level to which small drainage systems respond, were linked to dam operations; they hypothesized that pronounced arroyo incision, which occurs during rainfall runoff, was caused by lowering of the effective base level at the mouths of ephemeral drainages to meet the new postdam elevation of high-flow sediment deposition, about 3 to 4 m below the lowest predam alluvial terraces. Thompson and Potochnik (2000) modified that hypothesis to include the restorative effects of fluvial deposition in the mouths of gullies and ar","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1756","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., and Rubin, D.M., 2008, The Role of Eolian Sediment in the Preservation of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1756, vi, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1756.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1756.jpg"},{"id":11860,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1756/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35.3 ], [ -114,37 ], [ -111,37 ], [ -111,35.3 ], [ -114,35.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}