{"pageNumber":"920","pageRowStart":"22975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70033684,"text":"70033684 - 2008 - Mapping invasive wetland plants in the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve using quickbird satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70033684","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping invasive wetland plants in the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve using quickbird satellite imagery","docAbstract":"The National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) program is a nationally coordinated research and monitoring program that identifies and tracks changes in ecological resources of representative estuarine ecosystems and coastal watersheds. In recent years, attention has focused on using high spatial and spectral resolution satellite imagery to map and monitor wetland plant communities in the NERRs, particularly invasive plant species. The utility of this technology for that purpose has yet to be assessed in detail. To that end, a specific high spatial resolution satellite imagery, QuickBird, was used to map plant communities and monitor invasive plants within the Hudson River NERR (HRNERR). The HRNERR contains four diverse tidal wetlands (Stockport Flats, Tivoli Bays, Iona Island, and Piermont), each with unique water chemistry (i.e., brackish, oligotrophic and fresh) and, consequently, unique assemblages of plant communities, including three invasive plants (Trapa natans, Phragmites australis, and Lythrum salicaria). A maximum-likelihood classification was used to produce 20-class land cover maps for each of the four marshes within the HRNERR. Conventional contingency tables and a fuzzy set analysis served as a basis for an accuracy assessment of these maps. The overall accuracies, as assessed by the contingency tables, were 73.6%, 68.4%, 67.9%, and 64.9% for Tivoli Bays, Stockport Flats, Piermont, and Iona Island, respectively. Fuzzy assessment tables lead to higher estimates of map accuracies of 83%, 75%, 76%, and 76%, respectively. In general, the open water/tidal channel class was the most accurately mapped class and Scirpus sp. was the least accurately mapped. These encouraging accuracies suggest that high-resolution satellite imagery offers significant potential for the mapping of invasive plant species in estuarine environments. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2007.05.003","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Laba, M., Downs, R., Smith, S., Welsh, S., Neider, C., White, S., Richmond, M., Philpot, W., and Baveye, P., 2008, Mapping invasive wetland plants in the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve using quickbird satellite imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 1, p. 286-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.05.003.","startPage":"286","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.05.003"},{"id":242291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a505ce4b0c8380cd6b644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laba, M.","contributorId":55633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laba","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, R.","contributorId":30838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.","contributorId":20698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsh, S.","contributorId":105928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neider, C.","contributorId":75768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neider","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, S.","contributorId":39597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Richmond, M.","contributorId":71403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Philpot, W.","contributorId":105137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philpot","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Baveye, P.","contributorId":94873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baveye","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033686,"text":"70033686 - 2008 - Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033686","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Several abandoned Cu mines are located along the shore of Prince William Sound, AK, where the effect of mining-related discharge upon shoreline ecosystems is unknown. To determine the magnitude of this effect at the former Beatson mine, the largest Cu mine in the region and a Besshi-type massive sulfide ore deposit, trace metal concentration and flux were measured in surface run-off from remnant, mineralized workings and waste. Samples were collected from seepage waters; a remnant glory hole which is now a pit lake; a braided stream draining an area of mineralized rock, underground mine workings, and waste piles; and a background location upstream of the mine workings and mineralized rock. In the background stream pH averaged ???7.3, specific conductivity (SC) was ???40 ??S/cm, and the aqueous components indicative of sulfide mineral weathering, SO4 and trace metals, were at detection limits or lower. In the braided stream below the mine workings and waste piles, pH usually varied from 6.7 to 7.1, SC varied from 40 to 120 ??S/cm, SO4 had maximum concentrations of 32 mg/L, and the trace metals Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn showed maximum total acid extractable concentrations of 186, 5.9, 6.2 and 343 ??g/L, respectively. With an annual rainfall of ???340 cm (estimated from the 2006 water year) it was expected that rain water would have a large effect on the chemistry of the braided stream draining the mine site. A linear mixing model with two end members, seepage water from mineralized rock and background water, estimated that the braided stream contained 10-35% mine drainage. After rain events the braided stream showed a decrease in pH, SC, Ca + Mg, SO4, and alkalinity, due to dilution. The trace metals Ni and Zn followed this same pattern. Sodium + K and Cl did not vary between the background and braided stream, nor did they vary with rainfall. At approximately 2 and 3 mg/L, respectively, these concentrations are similar to concentrations found in rainfall on the coasts of North America. High concentrations of total acid extractable Al and Fe were found at near-neutral pH in most of the waters collected at the site. Equilibrium solubility simulations, performed with PHREEQC, show that the stream waters are saturated with respect to Al, Fe and SiO2 solid phases. Because the \"dissolved\" sample fractions (acid preserved and filtered to 0.45 ??m) show significant concentrations of Al and Fe it is presumed that these are present as colloids. The relationship between concentrations of Al and Fe, and rainfall was the opposite of that observed for the major ions Ca + Mg, SO4, and alkalinity, in that Al and Fe concentrations increased with increasing rainfall. Concentrations of Cu and Pb followed the same pattern. Adsorption calculations were performed with Visual MINTEQ, using the diffuse double layer electrostatic model and surface complexation constants for the ferrihydrite surface. These results suggest that 30-93% of Cu and 58-97% of Pb was adsorbed to ferrihydrite precipitates in the stream waters. Ni and Zn showed little adsorption in this pH range. Flux calculations show that the total mass of trace metals transported from the mine site, during the 60 day study period, was ranked as Zn (196 kg) > Cu (87 kg) > Pb(1.9 kg) ??? Ni(1.9 kg). Nickel and Zn were transported mostly as dissolved species while Cu and Pb were transported mostly as adsorbed species. pH control on adsorption was evident when Cu and Pb isotherms were normalized by ferrihydrite flux. Decreased stream water pH due to periods of frequent and high volume rain events would cause desorption of Cu and Pb from the ferrihydrite surface, thus changing not only their speciation in solution but also their mechanism of transport. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.013","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Stillings, L., Foster, A., Koski, R., Munk, L., and Shanks, W.C., 2008, Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 255-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.013.","startPage":"255","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.013"},{"id":241798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba525e4b08c986b32083c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033690,"text":"70033690 - 2008 - Influence of perched groundwater on base flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:26:09","indexId":"70033690","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of perched groundwater on base flow","docAbstract":"

Analysis with a three‐dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow model provides a basic understanding of the interplay between streams and perched groundwater. A simplified, layered model of heterogeneity was used to explore these relationships. Base flow contribution from perched groundwater was evaluated with regard to varying hydrogeologic conditions, including the size and location of the fine‐sediment unit and the hydraulic conductivity of the fine‐sediment unit and surrounding coarser sediment. Simulated base flow was sustained by perched groundwater with a maximum monthly discharge in excess of 15 L/s (0.6 feet3/s) over the length of the 2000‐m stream reach. Generally, the rate of perched‐groundwater discharge to the stream was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of sediment surrounding the stream, whereas the duration of discharge was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of the fine‐sediment unit. Other aspects of the perched aquifer affected base flow, such as the depth of stream penetration and the size of the fine‐sediment unit. Greater stream penetration decreased the maximum base flow contribution but increased the duration of contribution. Perched groundwater provided water for riparian vegetation at the demand rate but reduced the duration of perched‐groundwater discharge nearly 75%.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006160","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., and Fogg, G., 2008, Influence of perched groundwater on base flow: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 3, Article W03405; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006160.","productDescription":"Article W03405; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b63e4b0c8380cd624b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. rniswon@usgs.gov","contributorId":146547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033692,"text":"70033692 - 2008 - HiRISE observations of fractured mounds: Possible Martian pingos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T11:54:20","indexId":"70033692","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"HiRISE observations of fractured mounds: Possible Martian pingos","docAbstract":"

Early images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera have revealed small fractured mounds in the Martian mid‐latitudes. HiRISE resolves fractures on the mound surfaces, indicating uplift, and shows that the mound surface material resembles that of the surrounding landscape. Analysis of Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images shows that in Utopia Planitia the mounds lie almost exclusively between 35–45°N. This range coincides with the peak‐abundance latitudes of several landforms attributed to ground water or ice, including gullies, and suggests a ground ice‐related origin. The best terrestrial analogues for the observed mound morphology are pingos, although some differences are noted. The presence of uncollapsed pingos would indicate the presence of near‐surface ground ice in the Martian mid‐latitudes, at depths greater than the ∼1 meter sampled by orbital spectrometers. Pingo formation may require near‐surface liquid water, which is consistent with a shallow groundwater model for the origin of gullies.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007GL031798","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., Mellon, M.T., McEwen, A.S., Lefort, A., Keszthelyi, L., and Thomas, N., 2008, HiRISE observations of fractured mounds: Possible Martian pingos: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 4, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031798.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl031798","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3094e4b0c8380cd5d778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lefort, Alexandra","contributorId":210512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefort","given":"Alexandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, Nicolas","contributorId":203694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033695,"text":"70033695 - 2008 - Effects of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in zebrafish: General and reproductive toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033695","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in zebrafish: General and reproductive toxicity","docAbstract":"Mixed-sex populations of young adult zebrafish (???2-month-old) were exposed to measured RDX concentrations of 0, 1 or 9.6 ppm for up to 12 weeks followed by a 15-day rearing period in untreated water. RDX caused high mortality at 9.6 ppm, with most deaths occurring within the first 8 weeks of exposure. RDX at 9.6 ppm caused lower body weights at 4 and 8 weeks of exposure; and at 1 ppm, lower body weight was observed only at 4 weeks. Fish length was not affected by treatment at any time during the exposure period. The bioconcentration factor for RDX seemed to be influenced by time of exposure but not by water RDX concentration; its overall values were 1.01 ?? 0.13, 0.91 ?? 0.06 and 2.23 ?? 0.04 at 4, 8 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. RDX was not detected in fish collected after the 15-day recovery period. In a separate experiment, adult females and males were separately exposed to RDX at measured concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 3.2 ppm for a period of 6 weeks. Reproductive performance was evaluated by biweekly breeding of the fish and measuring packed-egg volume (PEV) as index of fecundity. At 0.5 ppm, RDX caused elevated PEV levels relative to the control value at 2 weeks but not at 4 or 6 weeks, whereas no significant effects were noted at 3.2 ppm. Egg fertilization and embryo hatching rates were not affected by RDX at any of the concentrations tested. In conclusion, RDX at sublethal concentrations causes short-term negative effects on growth and, at 0.5 ppm, positive effects on fecundity. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.028","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Mukhi, S., and Patino, R., 2008, Effects of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in zebrafish: General and reproductive toxicity: Chemosphere, v. 72, no. 5, p. 726-732, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.028.","startPage":"726","endPage":"732","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476741,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.028"},{"id":241930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0711e4b0c8380cd51542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukhi, S.","contributorId":83721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukhi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033702,"text":"70033702 - 2008 - Modeling variability and trends in pesticide concentrations in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033702","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling variability and trends in pesticide concentrations in streams","docAbstract":"A parametric regression model was developed for assessing the variability and long-term trends in pesticide concentrations in streams. The dependent variable is the logarithm of pesticide concentration and the explanatory variables are a seasonal wave, which represents the seasonal variability of concentration in response to seasonal application rates; a streamflow anomaly, which is the deviation of concurrent daily streamflow from average conditions for the previous 30 days; and a trend, which represents long-term (inter-annual) changes in concentration. Application of the model to selected herbicides and insecticides in four diverse streams indicated the model is robust with respect to pesticide type, stream location, and the degree of censoring (proportion of nondetections). An automatic model fitting and selection procedure for the seasonal wave and trend components was found to perform well for the datasets analyzed. Artificial censoring scenarios were used in a Monte Carlo simulation analysis to show that the fitted trends were unbiased and the approximate p-values were accurate for as few as 10 uncensored concentrations during a three-year period, assuming a sampling frequency of 15 samples per year. Trend estimates for the full model were compared with a model without the streamflow anomaly and a model in which the seasonality was modeled using standard trigonometric functions, rather than seasonal application rates. Exclusion of the streamflow anomaly resulted in substantial increases in the mean-squared error and decreases in power for detecting trends. Incorrectly modeling the seasonal structure of the concentration data resulted in substantial estimation bias and moderate increases in mean-squared error and decreases in power. ?? 2008 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00225.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., Martin, J., and Gilliom, R.J., 2008, Modeling variability and trends in pesticide concentrations in streams: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1308-1324, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00225.x.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1324","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00225.x"},{"id":242030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c5ae4b0c8380cd6fc15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":40609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033714,"text":"70033714 - 2008 - Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-04T10:27:32","indexId":"70033714","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006","docAbstract":"We report on 4 years of airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates during a quiescent period at White Island volcano, New Zealand, beginning in 2003. During this time a significant crater lake emerged, allowing scrubbig processes to be investigated. CO2 emissions varied from a baseline of 250 to >2000 t d-1 and demonstrated clear annual cycling that was consistent with numbers of earthquake detections and annual changes in sea level. The annual variability was found to be most likely related to increases in the strain on the volcano during sea level highs, temporarily causing fractures to reduce in size in the upper conduit. SO2 emissions varied from 0 to >400 t d-1 and were clearly affected by scrubbing processes within the first year of take development. Scrubbing caused increases of SO42- and Cl- in lake waters, and the ratio of carbon to total sulphur suggested that elemental sulphur deposition was also significant in the lake during the first year. Careful measurements of the lake level and chemistry allowed estimates of the rate of H2O(g) and HCl(g) input into the lake and suggested that the molar abundances of major gas species (H2O, CO2, SO2, and HCl) during this quiescent phase were similar to fumarolic ratios observed between earlier eruptive periods. The volume of magma estimated from CO2 emissions (0.0 15-0.04 km3) was validated by Cl- increases in the lake, suggesting that the gas and magma are transported from deep to shallow depths as a closed system and likely become open in the upper conduit region. The absence of surface deformation further leads to a necessity of magma convection to supply and remove magma from the degassing depths. Two models of convection configurations are discussed. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005094","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Werner, C., Hurst, T., Scott, B., Sherburn, S., Christenson, B., Britten, K., Cole-Baker, J., and Mullan, B., 2008, Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005094.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214468,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005094"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc13ae4b08c986b32a4be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, C.","contributorId":72917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurst, T.","contributorId":35556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, B.","contributorId":76560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherburn, S.","contributorId":31175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherburn","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christenson, B.W.","contributorId":104678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Britten, K.","contributorId":23775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britten","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cole-Baker, J.","contributorId":41232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole-Baker","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mullan, B.","contributorId":17437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033715,"text":"70033715 - 2008 - An exact solution for ideal dam-break floods on steep slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:48:03","indexId":"70033715","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exact solution for ideal dam-break floods on steep slopes","docAbstract":"

The shallow‐water equations are used to model the flow resulting from the sudden release of a finite volume of frictionless, incompressible fluid down a uniform slope of arbitrary inclination. The hodograph transformation and Riemann's method make it possible to transform the governing equations into a linear system and then deduce an exact analytical solution expressed in terms of readily evaluated integrals. Although the solution treats an idealized case never strictly realized in nature, it is uniquely well‐suited for testing the robustness and accuracy of numerical models used to model shallow‐water flows on steep slopes.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006353","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Ancey, C., Iverson, R.M., Rentschler, M., and Denlinger, R.P., 2008, An exact solution for ideal dam-break floods on steep slopes: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 1, W01430, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006353.","productDescription":"W01430","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487748,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/20492","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006353"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea5ee4b0c8380cd487f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ancey, C.","contributorId":9476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ancey","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rentschler, M.","contributorId":62848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rentschler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033721,"text":"70033721 - 2008 - Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:48:33","indexId":"70033721","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses","docAbstract":"

Quantifying biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (N) and the associated fluxes to surface waters remains challenging, given the need to deal with spatial and temporal variability and to characterize complex and heterogeneous landscapes. We focused our study on catchments S14 and S15 located in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA, which have similar topographic and hydrologic characteristics but contrasting stream nitrate ($\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$) concentrations. We characterized the mechanisms by which $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ reaches the streams during hydrological events in these catchments, aiming to reconcile our field data with our conceptual model of factors that regulate nutrient exports from forested catchments. Combined hydrometric, chemical and isotopic (δ$\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$) data showed that the relative contributions of both soil and ground water sources were similar between the two catchments. Temporal patterns of stream chemistry were markedly different between S14 and S15, however, because the water sources in the two catchments have different solute concentrations. During late summer/fall, the largest source of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ in S14 was till groundwater, whereas shallow soil was the largest $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ source in S15. $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ concentrations in surface water decreased in S14, whereas they increased in S15 because an increasing proportion of stream flow was derived from shallow soil sources. During snowmelt, the largest sources of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$were in the near‐surface soil in both catchments. Concentrations of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ increased as stream discharge increased and usually peaked before peak discharge, when shallow soil water sources made the largest contribution to stream discharge. The timing of peaks in stream $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$concentrations was affected by antecedent moisture conditions. By elucidating the factors that affect sources and transport of N, including differences in the soil nutrient cycling and hydrological characteristics of S14 and S15, this study contributes to the overall conceptualization of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ release from temperate forested catchments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6632","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Christopher, S., Mitchell, M., McHale, M., Boyer, E., Burns, D.A., and Kendall, C., 2008, Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 1, p. 46-62, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6632.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6632"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ebae4b0c8380cd535c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopher, S.F.","contributorId":52413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHale, Michael 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":177292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033725,"text":"70033725 - 2008 - Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033725","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"The use of numerical modeling to evaluate regional water-management practices involves the simulation of various alternative water-delivery scenarios, which typically are designed intuitively rather than analytically. These scenario simulations are used to analyze how specific water-management practices affect factors such as water levels, flows, and salinities. In lieu of testing a variety of scenario simulations in a trial-and-error manner, an optimization technique may be used to more precisely and directly define good water-management alternatives. A numerical model application in the coastal regions of Florida Bay and Everglades National Park (ENP), representing the surface- and ground-water hydrology for the region, is a good example of a tool used to evaluate restoration scenarios. The Southern Inland and Coastal System (SICS) model simulates this area with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic surface-water model and a three-dimensional ground-water model, linked to represent the interaction of the two systems with salinity transport. This coastal wetland environment is of great interest in restoration efforts, and the SICS model is used to analyze the effects of alternative water-management scenarios. The SICS model is run within an inverse modeling program called UCODE. In this application, UCODE adjusts the regulated inflows to ENP while SICS is run iteratively. UCODE creates parameters that define inflow within an allowable range for the SICS model based on SICS model output statistics, with the objective of matching user-defined target salinities that meet ecosystem restoration criteria. Preliminary results obtained using two different parameterization methods illustrate the ability of the model to achieve the goals of adjusting the range and reducing the variance of salinity values in the target area. The salinity variance in the primary zone of interest was reduced from an original value of 0.509 psu2 to values 0.418 psu2 and 0.342 psu2 using different methods. Simulations with one, two, and three target areas indicate that optimization is limited near model boundaries and the target location nearest the tidal boundary may not be improved. These experiments indicate that this method can be useful for designing water-delivery schemes to achieve certain water-quality objectives. Additionally, this approach avoids much of the intuitive type of experimentation with different flow schemes that has often been used to develop restoration scenarios. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., and James, D., 2008, Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 351, no. 1-2, p. 188-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017.","startPage":"188","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214141,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017"},{"id":241835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"351","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ee4b0c8380cd63c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, E.D. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":29007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, D.E.","contributorId":22927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033726,"text":"70033726 - 2008 - Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033726","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water","docAbstract":"Dairy operations have the potential to elevate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in ground water, where it may interact with organic and inorganic contaminants, fuel denitrification, and may present problems for drinking water treatment. Total and percent bioavailable DOC and total and carbon-specific trihalomethane (THM) formation potential (TTHMFP and STHMFP, respectively) were determined for shallow ground water samples from beneath a dairy farm in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Sixteen wells influenced by specific land management areas were sampled over 3 yr. Measured DOC concentrations were significantly elevated over the background as measured at an upgradient monitoring well, ranging from 13 to 55 mg L-1 in wells downgradient from wastewater ponds, 8 to 30 mg L-1 in corral wells, 5 to 12 mg L-1 in tile drains, and 4 to 15 mg L-1 in wells associated with manured fields. These DOC concentrations were at the upper range or greatly exceeded concentrations in most surface water bodies used as drinking water sources in California. DOC concentrations in individual wells varied by up to a factor of two over the duration of this study, indicating a dynamic system of sources and degradation. DOC bioavailability over 21 d ranged from 3 to 10%, comparable to surface water systems and demonstrating the potential for dairy-derived DOC to influence dissolved oxygen concentrations (nearly all wells were hypoxic to anoxic) and denitrification. TTHMFP measurements across all management units ranged from 141 to 1731 ??g L-1, well in excess of the maximum contaminant level of 80 ??g L-1 established by the Environmental Protection Agency. STHMFP measurements demonstrated over twofold variation (???4 to ???8 mmol total THM/mol DOC) across the management areas, indicating the dependence of reactivity on DOC composition. The results indicate that land management strongly controls the quantity and quality of DOC to reach shallow ground water and hence should be considered when managing ground water resources and in any efforts to mitigate contamination of ground water with carbon-based contaminants, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0183","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Chomycia, J., Hernes, P., Harter, T., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 2, p. 333-343, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0183.","startPage":"333","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476909,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0183","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0183"},{"id":241867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a41abe4b0c8380cd656da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chomycia, J.C.","contributorId":49197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chomycia","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harter, T.","contributorId":62844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harter","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033728,"text":"70033728 - 2008 - Influences of the unsaturated, saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:48:04","indexId":"70033728","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of the unsaturated, saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River, California, USA","docAbstract":"Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50-100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0266-x","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Phillips, S., Bayless, E., Zamora, C., Kendall, C., Wildman, R., and Hering, J.G., 2008, Influences of the unsaturated, saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River, California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, no. 4, p. 675-690, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0266-x.","startPage":"675","endPage":"690","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487141,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/158272","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0266-x"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3babe4b0c8380cd62746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, S.P.","contributorId":38172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bayless, E.R.","contributorId":67639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zamora, C.","contributorId":47180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wildman, R.A.","contributorId":97716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildman","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hering, J. G.","contributorId":12647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hering","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033730,"text":"70033730 - 2008 - Nutrient dynamics as indicators of karst processes: Comparison of the Chalk aquifer (Normandy, France) and the Edwards aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033730","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient dynamics as indicators of karst processes: Comparison of the Chalk aquifer (Normandy, France) and the Edwards aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers display a range of geologic and geomorphic characteristics in a wide range of climatic and land-use settings; identification of transport dynamics representative of karst aquifers in general could help advance our understanding of these complex systems. To this end, nutrient, turbidity, and major ion dynamics in response to storms were compared at multiple sites in two karst aquifers with contrasting characteristics and settings: the Chalk aquifer (Eure Department, Normandy, France) and the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.). The Chalk aquifer is typified by high matrix porosity, thick surficial deposits (up to 30??m thick), and agricultural land use; the Barton Springs segment is typified by low matrix porosity, outcropping limestone, and urban land use. Following one to three storms, from 5 to 16 samples from springs and wells were analyzed for major ions, and specific conductance and turbidity were monitored continuously. Comparison of the chemographs indicated some generalized responses, including an increase in turbidity and potassium concentrations and a decrease in major ion and nitrate concentrations with infiltrating storm runoff. Factor analysis of major ions and turbidity revealed strikingly similar behavior of the chemical variables for the two aquifers: The first two factors, explaining more than 75% of the variability, illustrate that dynamics of most major ions (including nitrate) are opposed to those of turbidity and of potassium. The results demonstrate that potassium and nitrate are effective tracers of infiltrating storm runoff and resident ground water, respectively, and the similar results for these two highly contrasting aquifers suggest that the dynamics identified might be applicable to karst systems in general. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.02.006","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Valdes, D., Musgrove, M., and Massei, N., 2008, Nutrient dynamics as indicators of karst processes: Comparison of the Chalk aquifer (Normandy, France) and the Edwards aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.): Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 98, no. 1-2, p. 36-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.02.006.","startPage":"36","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.02.006"},{"id":241931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6981e4b0c8380cd73d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes, D.","contributorId":31997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, M.","contributorId":78933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Massei, N.","contributorId":48347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massei","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033731,"text":"70033731 - 2008 - Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033731","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA","docAbstract":"Boron, chloride, sulfate, ??D, ??18O, and 3H concentrations in surface water and groundwater samples from the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), California, USA were used to examine geochemical processes and provide constraints on evaporation and groundwater flow. SBMM is an abandoned sulfur and mercury mine with an underlying hydrothermal system, adjacent to Clear Lake, California. Results for non-3H tracers (i.e., boron, chloride, sulfate, ??D, and ??18O) identify contributions from six water types at SBMM. Processes including evaporation, mixing, hydrothermal water input and possible isotopic exchange with hydrothermal gases are also discerned. Tritium data indicate that hydrothermal waters and other deep groundwaters are likely pre-bomb (before ???1952) in age while most other waters were recharged after ???1990. A boron-based steady-state reservoir model of the Herman Impoundment pit lake indicates that 71-79% of its input is from meteoric water with the remainder from hydrothermal contributions. Results for groundwater samples from six shallow wells over a 6-month period for ??D and ??18O suggests that water from Herman Impoundment is diluted another 3% to more than 40% by infiltrating meteoric water, as it leaves the site. Results for this investigation show that environmental tracers are an effective tool to understand the SBMM hydrogeologic regime. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Engle, M., Goff, F., Jewett, D., Reller, G., and Bauman, J., 2008, Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, no. 3, p. 559-573, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7.","startPage":"559","endPage":"573","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214232,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7"},{"id":241932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9de4b0c8380cd493a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, M.A. 0000-0001-5258-7374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":55144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jewett, D.G.","contributorId":18588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reller, G.J.","contributorId":84174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reller","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauman, J.B.","contributorId":22161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauman","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033734,"text":"70033734 - 2008 - Hydroacoustic measures of Mysis relicta abundance and distribution in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033734","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydroacoustic measures of Mysis relicta abundance and distribution in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Mysis relicta can be observed on echograms as a sound scattering layer when they migrate into the water column at night to feed on zooplankton. However, quantitative measures of mysid abundance with hydroacoustics requires knowledge of mysid target strength (TS), a method of removing fish echoes and contribution from noise, and an understanding of the effect of range on the ability of hydroacoustics to detect mysids (the detection limit). Comparisons of paired net data and acoustics data from July 7, 2005 yielded a mysid TS of -86.3 dB (9 mm animal) and a biomass TS of -58.4 dB (g dry wt)-1. With ambient noise levels (Sv of -125 dB at 1 m depth) and this TS, we can detect a mysid density of 1 m-3 at 60 m depth with a signal to noise ratio of 3 dB. We present a method to remove backscattering from both noise and fish and apply this method and the new TS data to whole lake acoustic data from Lake Ontario collected in July 25-31, 2005 with a 120 kHz echosounder as part of the annual standard fish survey in that lake. Mysis abundance was strongly depth dependent, with highest densities in areas with bottom depth > 100 m, and few mysids in areas with bottom depth < 50 m. With the data stratified in five bottom depth strata (> 100 m, 100-75 m, 75-50 m, 50-30 m, < 30 m), the whole-lake average mysid density was 118 m-2 (CV 21%) and the whole-lake average mysid biomass was 0.19 g dry wt m-2 (CV 22%) in July 2005. The CVs of these densities also account for uncertainty in the TS estimates. This is comparable to whole-lake density estimates using vertical net tows in November, 2005 (93 m-2, CV 16%). Copyright ?? 2008 AEHMS.","largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management","language":"English","doi":"10.1080/14634980802539708","issn":"14634","usgsCitation":"Rudstam, L.G., Schaner, T., Gal, G., Boscarino, B., O'Gorman, R., Warner, D., Johannsson, O., and Bowen, K., 2008, Hydroacoustic measures of Mysis relicta abundance and distribution in Lake Ontario, in Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, v. 11, no. 4, p. 355-367, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802539708.","startPage":"355","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980802539708"},{"id":241963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3314e4b0c8380cd5ecef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaner, T.","contributorId":12821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaner","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gal, G.","contributorId":36519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gal","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boscarino, B. T.","contributorId":75767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boscarino","given":"B. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johannsson, O. E.","contributorId":40948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"O. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bowen, K.L.","contributorId":54025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033743,"text":"70033743 - 2008 - Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T12:14:53","indexId":"70033743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA","docAbstract":"

Metasedimentary bedrock of coastal Maine contains a diverse suite of As-bearing minerals that act as significant sources of elements found in ground and surface waters in the region. Arsenic sources in the Penobscot Formation include, in order of decreasing As content by weight: löllingite and realgar (c.70%), arsenopyrite, cobaltite, glaucodot, and gersdorffite (in the range of 34–45%), arsenian pyrite (<4%), and pyrrhotite (<0.15%). In the Penobscot Formation, the relative stability of primary As-bearing minerals follows a pattern where the most commonly observed highly altered minerals are pyrrhotite, realgar, niccolite, löllingite > glaucodot, arsenopyrite-cobaltian > arsenopyrite, cobaltite, gersdorffite, fine-grained pyrite, Ni-pyrite > coarse-grained pyrite. Reactions illustrate that oxidation of Fe-As disulphide group and As-sulphide minerals is the primary release process for As. Liberation of As by carbonation of realgar and orpiment in contact with high-pH groundwaters may contribute locally to elevated contents of As in groundwater, especially where As is decoupled from Fe. Released metals are sequestered in secondary minerals by sorption or by incorporation in crystal structures. Secondary minerals acting as intermediate As reservoirs include claudetite (c.75%), orpiment (61%), scorodite (c. 45%), secondary arsenopyrite (c. 46%), goethite (<4490 ppm), natrojarosite (<42 ppm), rosenite, melanterite, ferrihydrite, and Mn-hydroxide coatings. Some soils also contain Fe-Co-Ni-arsenate, Ca-arsenate, and carbonate minerals. Reductive dissolution of Fe-oxide minerals may govern the ultimate release of iron and arsenic – especially As(V) – to groundwater; however, dissolution of claudetite (arsenic trioxide) may directly contribute As(III). Processes thought to explain the release of As from minerals in bedrock include oxidation of arsenian pyrite or arsenopyrite, or carbonation of As-sulphides, and most models based on these generally rely on discrete minerals or on a fairly limited series of minerals. In contrast, in the Penobscot Formation and other metasedimentary rocks of coastal Maine, oxidation of As-bearing Fe-cobalt-nickel-sulphide minerals, dissolution (by reduction) of As-bearing secondary As and Fe hydroxide and sulphate minerals, carbonation and/or oxidation of As-sulphide minerals, and desorption of As from Fe-hydroxide mineral surfaces are all thought to be involved. All of these processes contribute to the occurrence of As in groundwaters in coastal Maine, as a result of variability in composition and in stability of the As source minerals. Arsenic contents of soils and groundwater thus reflect the predominant influence and integration of a spectrum of primary mineral reservoirs (instead of single or unique mineral reservoirs). Cycling of As through metasedimentary bedrock aquifers may therefore depend on consecutive stages of carbonation, oxidation and reductive dissolution of primary and secondary As host minerals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/07-152","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., and Ayuso, R.A., 2008, Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 8, no. 1, p. 59-75, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-152.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -70.697021484375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a5be4b0c8380cd6ee2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033745,"text":"70033745 - 2008 - Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033745","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops","docAbstract":"We present a simulation model for risk assessment of the impact of insecticide inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE) applied in irrigated agricultural fields on non-target wildlife. The model, which we developed as a compartment model based on difference equations (??t = 1 h), consists of six submodels describing the dynamics of (1) insecticide application, (2) insecticide movement into floodable soil, (3) irrigation and rain, (4) insecticide dissolution in water, (5) foraging and insecticide intake from water, and (6) ChE inhibition and recovery. To demonstrate application of the model, we simulated historical and \"worst-case\" scenarios of the impact of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) inhabiting natural brushland adjacent to cotton and sugarcane fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA. Only when a rain event occurred just after insecticide application did predicted levels of ChE inhibition surpass the diagnostic level of 20% exposure. The present model should aid in assessing the effect of ChE-inhibiting insecticides on ChE activity of different species that drink contaminated water from irrigated agricultural fields, and in identifying specific situations in which the juxtaposition of environmental conditions and management schemes could result in a high risk to non-target wildlife. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Pisani, J., Grant, W., and Mora, M., 2008, Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops: Ecological Modelling, v. 210, no. 1-2, p. 179-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017.","startPage":"179","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.017"},{"id":242165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd8e4b08c986b319190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pisani, J.M.","contributorId":35555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisani","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, W.E.","contributorId":78903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033747,"text":"70033747 - 2008 - Numerical simulation of the paleohydrology of glacial Lake Oshkosh, eastern Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033747","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of the paleohydrology of glacial Lake Oshkosh, eastern Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Proglacial lakes, formed during retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet, evolved quickly as outlets became ice-free and the earth deformed through glacial isostatic adjustment. With high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and GIS methods, it is possible to reconstruct the evolution of surface hydrology. When a DEM deforms through time as predicted by our model of viscoelastic earth relaxation, the entire surface hydrologic system with its lakes, outlets, shorelines and rivers also evolves without requiring assumptions of outlet position. The method is applied to proglacial Lake Oshkosh in Wisconsin (13,600 to 12,900??cal yr BP). Comparison of predicted to observed shoreline tilt indicates the ice sheet was about 400??m thick over the Great Lakes region. During ice sheet recession, each of the five outlets are predicted to uplift more than 100??m and then subside approximately 30??m. At its maximum extent, Lake Oshkosh covered 6600??km2 with a volume of 111??km3. Using the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System model, flow velocities during glacial outburst floods up to 9??m/s and peak discharge of 140,000??m3/s are predicted, which could drain 33.5??km3 of lake water in 10??days and transport boulders up to 3??m in diameter. ?? 2007 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.003","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., Befus, K., Hooyer, T., Stewart, P., Shipman, T., Gregory, C., and Zylstra, D., 2008, Numerical simulation of the paleohydrology of glacial Lake Oshkosh, eastern Wisconsin, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 69, no. 1, p. 117-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.003.","startPage":"117","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.003"},{"id":242197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a692be4b0c8380cd73bcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J.A.","contributorId":73759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Befus, K.M.","contributorId":54807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Befus","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooyer, T.S.","contributorId":83242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooyer","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, P.W.","contributorId":35138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shipman, T.D.","contributorId":90947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipman","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gregory, C.T.","contributorId":63231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zylstra, D.J.","contributorId":107116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zylstra","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033748,"text":"70033748 - 2008 - Environmental versus genetic influences on growth rates of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi and Porites lobata (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033748","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental versus genetic influences on growth rates of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi and Porites lobata (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)","docAbstract":"Reciprocal transplant experiments of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi Milne Edwards & Haime and Porites lobata Dana were carried out for an 18-month period from September 2004 to March 2006 between two back reef pools on Ofu Island, American Samoa, to test environmental versus genetic effects on skeletal growth rates. Skeletal growth of P. eydouxi showed environmental but not genetic effects, resulting in doubling of growth in Pool 300 compared with Pool 400. There were no environmental or genetic effects on skeletal growth of P. lobata. Pool 300 had more frequent and longer durations of elevated seawater temperatures than Pool 400, characteristics likely to decrease rather than increase skeletal growth. Pool 300 also had higher nutrient levels and flow velocities than Pool 400, characteristics that may increase skeletal growth. However, higher nutrient levels would be expected to increase skeletal growth in both species, but there was no difference between the pools in P. lobata growth. P. eydouxi is much more common in high-energy environments than P. lobata; thus the higher flow velocities in Pool 300 than in Pool 400 may have positively affected skeletal growth of P. eydouxi while not having a detectable effect on P. lobata. The greater skeletal growth of P. eydouxi in Pool 300 occurred despite the presence of clade D zooxanthellae in several source colonies in Pool 300, a genotype known to result in greater heat resistance but slower skeletal growth. Increased skeletal growth rates in higher water motion may provide P. eydouxi a competitive advantage in shallow, high-energy enviromnents where competition for space is intense. ?? 2008 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[57:EVGIOG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Smith, L., Wirshing, H., Baker, A., and Birkeland, C., 2008, Environmental versus genetic influences on growth rates of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi and Porites lobata (Anthozoa: Scleractinia): Pacific Science, v. 62, no. 1, p. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[57:EVGIOG]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"57","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214470,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[57:EVGIOG]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":242198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09ece4b0c8380cd520fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, L.W.","contributorId":52992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirshing, H.H.","contributorId":26152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirshing","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, A.C.","contributorId":37162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birkeland, C.","contributorId":62841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkeland","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033749,"text":"70033749 - 2008 - The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033749","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Temperature and pressure surveys, fluid samples, and petrologic analyses of rock samples from deep drill holes at the Karaha - Telaga Bodas geothermal field on the volcanic ridge extending northward from Galunggung Volcano, West Java, have provided a unique opportunity to characterize the evolution of an active volcano-hosted geothermal system. Wells up to 3 km in depth have encountered temperatures as high as 353??C and a weakly altered granodiorite that intruded to within 2 to 3 km of the surface. The intrusion is shallowest beneath the southern end of the field where an acid lake overlies a nearly vertical low resistivity structure (<10 ohm-m) defined by magnetotelluric measurements. This structure is interpreted to represent a vapor-dominated chimney that provides a pathway to the surface for magmatic gases. Four distinct hydrothermal mineral assemblages document the evolution of the geothermal system and the transition from liquid- to vapor-dominated conditions. The earliest assemblage represents the initial liquid-dominated system generated during emplacement of the granodiorite between 5910 ?? 76 and 4200 ?? 150 y BP. Tourmaline, biotite, actinolite, epidote and clay minerals were deposited contemporaneously at progressively greater distances from the intrusive contact (assemblage 1). At 4200 ?? 150 y BP, flank collapse and the formation of the volcano's crater, Kawah Galunggung, resulted in catastrophic decompression and boiling of the hydrothermal fluids. This event initiated development of the modern vapor-dominated regime. Chalcedony and then quartz were deposited as the early low salinity liquids boiled (assemblage 2). Both vapor- and liquid-rich fluid inclusions were trapped in the quartz crystals. Liquid-rich fluid inclusions from the southern part of the field record salinities ranging from 0 to 26 weight percent NaCl- CaCl2 equivalent and locally contain fluorite daughter crystals. We suggest, based on temperature-salinity relationships and evidence of boiling, that these fluids were progressively concentrated as steam was lost from the system. However, mixing with fluids derived from the underlying intrusion or generated during the formation of acid SO4 water on the vapor-dominated chimney margins could have contributed to the observed salinities. As pressures declined, CO2- and SO4-rich steam-heated water drained downward, depositing anhydrite and calcite (assemblage 3) in the fractures, limiting further recharge. Fluid inclusions with salinities up to 31 weight percent NaCl equivalent were trapped in these minerals as the descending water vaporized. The final assemblage is represented by precipitates of NaCl, KCl and FeClx deposited on rock surfaces in portions of the vapor-dominated zone that boiled dry. Vapor-dominated conditions extend over a distance of at least 10 km and to depths below sea level. Deep wells drilled into the underlying liquid-dominated reservoir in the northern and central part of the volcanic ridge produce low salinity fluids representing recent recharge of meteoric and steam-heated water. The evolution of volcanic-hosted vapor-dominated geothermal systems can be described by a five stage model. Stage 1 involves the formation of an over-pressured liquid-dominated geothermal system soon after magmatic intrusion. In Stages 2 and 3, pressures progressively decrease, and a curtain of steam-heated water surrounding a magmatic vapor-dominated chimney at 350??C and 14 ?? 2 MPa develops. The relatively low pressure near the base of the chimney causes liquid inflow adjacent to the intrusion and the development of a secondary marginal vapor-dominated zone. In Stage 4, the magmatic vapor discharge from the intrusion becomes small, vapor pressure declines, and the secondary vapor-dominated zone expands above the intrusion. In Stage 5, the vapor-dominated zone floods because heat from the intrusion is insufficient to boil all liquid inflow. A more common, liquid-dominated volcanic-hosted system the","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2475/10.2008.01","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., Allis, R., Nemcok, M., Powell, T., Bruton, C., Wannamaker, P., Raharjo, I., and Norman, D., 2008, The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia: American Journal of Science, v. 308, no. 1, p. 1-48, https://doi.org/10.2475/10.2008.01.","startPage":"1","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487751,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/10.2008.01","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2475/10.2008.01"},{"id":242199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"308","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babe9e4b08c986b32316a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.N.","contributorId":22795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allis, R.G.","contributorId":86150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allis","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nemcok, M.","contributorId":104248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemcok","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, T.S.","contributorId":9880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bruton, C.J.","contributorId":34736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruton","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wannamaker, P.E.","contributorId":18989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wannamaker","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raharjo, I.B.","contributorId":66499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raharjo","given":"I.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norman, D.I.","contributorId":11839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033751,"text":"70033751 - 2008 - Embryo toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the wood duck (Aix sponsa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033751","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryo toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the wood duck (Aix sponsa)","docAbstract":"We examined the sensitivity of the wood duck (Aix sponsa) embryo to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) by injecting the toxicant into their eggs. Six groups of wood duck eggs (n = 35 to 211 per trial) were injected with 0 to 4600 pg TCDD/g egg between 2003 and 2005. Injections were made into yolk prior to incubation, and eggs were subsequently incubated and assessed weekly for mortality. Significant TCDD-induced mortality was not observed through day 25 (90% of incubation). Liver, heart, eye, and brain histology were generally unremarkable. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, a biomarker of dioxin-like compound exposure, was induced by 12-fold in the 4600 pg/g treatment relative to controls. The median lethal dose for chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs we dosed identically to wood duck eggs was about 100 pg/g, similar to other assessments of chickens. Among dioxin-like compound embryo lethality data for 15 avian genera, the wood duck 4600 pg/g no-observed-effect level ranks near the middle. Because no higher doses were tested, wood ducks may be like other waterfowl (order Anseriformes), which are comparatively tolerant to embryo mortality from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans when exposed by egg injection. ?? 2008 US Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-008-9198-2","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Augspurger, T., Tillitt, D.E., Bursian, S., Fitzgerald, S., Hinton, D., and Di Giulio, R., 2008, Embryo toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the wood duck (Aix sponsa): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 55, no. 4, p. 659-669, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9198-2.","startPage":"659","endPage":"669","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214497,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9198-2"},{"id":242230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08e3e4b0c8380cd51cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augspurger, T.P.","contributorId":26657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bursian, S.J.","contributorId":16127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursian","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, S.D.","contributorId":10515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinton, D.E.","contributorId":75489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinton","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Di Giulio, R.T.","contributorId":94462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Giulio","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033752,"text":"70033752 - 2008 - Impairment of the reproductive potential of male fathead minnows by environmentally relevant exposures to 4-nonylphenolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:05:23","indexId":"70033752","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impairment of the reproductive potential of male fathead minnows by environmentally relevant exposures to 4-nonylphenolf","docAbstract":"

The synthetic organic compound 4-nonylphenol (NP) has been detected in many human-impacted surface waters in North America. In this study, we examined the ability of NP to alter reproductive competence in male fathead minnows after a 28 day flow-through exposure in a range of environmentally relevant concentrations bracketing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity-based NP chronic exposure criterion of 6.1 μg NP/L. Exposure to NP at and above the EPA chronic exposure criterion resulted in an induction of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) within 14 days. However, 7 days after the cessation of exposure, VTG concentrations had dropped more than 50% and few males expressed VTG above the detection threshold. All of the morphological endpoints, including gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, secondary sexual characters, and histopathology, were unaltered by all NP treatments. However, when NP-exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males for access to nest sites and females, most treatments altered the reproductive competence of exposed males. At lower NP concentrations, exposed males out-competed control males, possibly by being primed through the estrogenic NP exposure in a fashion similar to priming by pheromones released from female fathead minnows. At higher NP exposure concentrations, this priming effect was negated by the adverse effects of the exposure and control males out-competed treated males. Results of this study indicate the complexity of endocrine disrupting effects and the need for multiple analysis levels to assess the effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.10.004","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Schoenfuss, H., Bartell, S., Bistodeau, T., Cediel, R., Grove, K., Zintek, L., Lee, K.E., and Barber, L.B., 2008, Impairment of the reproductive potential of male fathead minnows by environmentally relevant exposures to 4-nonylphenolf: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 86, no. 1, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.10.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214527,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.10.004"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3903e4b0c8380cd6178a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartell, S.E.","contributorId":40817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bistodeau, T.B.","contributorId":27283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bistodeau","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cediel, R.A.","contributorId":100626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cediel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grove, K.J.","contributorId":95282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zintek, Larry","contributorId":73027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zintek","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033753,"text":"70033753 - 2008 - Integrated impact of tropical cyclones on sea surface chlorophyll in the North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033753","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated impact of tropical cyclones on sea surface chlorophyll in the North Atlantic","docAbstract":"Past studies have shown that surface chlorophyll-a concentrations increase in the wake of hurricanes. Given the reported increase in the intensity of North Atlantic hurricanes in recent years, increasing chlorophyll-a concentrations, perhaps an indication of increasing biological productivity, would be an expected consequence. However, in order to understand the impact of variable hurricane activity on ocean biology, the magnitude of the hurricane-induced chlorophyll increase relative to other events that stir or mix the upper ocean must be assessed. This study investigates the upper ocean biological response to tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic from 1997-2005. Specifically, we quantitatively compare the anomalous chlorophyll-a concentrations created by cyclone activity to the total distribution of anomalies in the subtropical waters. We show that the cyclone-induced chlorophyll-a increase has minimal impact on the integrated biomass budget, a result that holds even when taking into consideration the lagged and asymmetrical response of ocean color. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL031862","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, M.N., Lozier, M., and Palter, J., 2008, Integrated impact of tropical cyclones on sea surface chlorophyll in the North Atlantic: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031862.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476648,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl031862","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031862"},{"id":242262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c64e4b0c8380cd62cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, M. N. 0000-0001-9305-307X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-307X","contributorId":56462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lozier, M.S.","contributorId":86187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lozier","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palter, J.B.","contributorId":55657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palter","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033757,"text":"70033757 - 2008 - The effect of terrace geology on ground-water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:29:51","indexId":"70033757","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of terrace geology on ground-water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"

The west watershed of Mirror Lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire contains several terraces that are at different altitudes and have different geologic compositions. The lowest terrace (FSE) has 5 m of sand overlying 9 m of till. The two next successively higher terraces (FS2 and FS1) consist entirely of sand and have maximum thicknesses of about 7 m. A fourth, and highest, terrace (FS3) lies in the north-west watershed directly adjacent to the west watershed. This highest terrace has 2 m of sand overlying 8 m of till. All terraces overlie fractured crystalline bedrock. Numerical models of hypothetical settings simulating ground-water flow in a mountainside indicated that the presence of a terrace can cause local ground-water flow cells to develop, and that the flow patterns differ based on the geologic composition of the terrace. For example, more ground water moves from the bedrock to the glacial deposits beneath terraces consisting completely of sand than beneath terraces that have sand underlain by till. Field data from Mirror Lake watersheds corroborate the numerical experiments. The geology of the terraces also affects how the stream draining the west watershed interacts with ground water. The stream turns part way down the mountainside and passes between the two sand terraces, essentially transecting the movement of ground water down the valley side. Transects of water-table wells were installed across the stream's riparian zone above, between, and below the sand terraces. Head data from these wells indicated that the stream gains ground water on both sides above and below the sand terraces. However, where it flows between the sand terraces the stream gains ground water on its uphill side and loses water on its downhill side. Biogeochemical processes in the riparian zone of the flow-through reach have resulted in anoxic ground water beneath the lower sand terrace. Results of this study indicate that it is useful to understand patterns of ground-water flow in order to fully understand the flow and chemical characteristics of both ground water and surface water in mountainous terrain. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6593","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Buso, D., Shattuck, P., Harte, P., Vroblesky, D., and Goode, D., 2008, The effect of terrace geology on ground-water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 1, p. 21-32, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6593.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6593"}],"country":"United States ","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab57e4b08c986b322d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shattuck, P.C.","contributorId":60455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shattuck","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033759,"text":"70033759 - 2008 - Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:04:03","indexId":"70033759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1995,"text":"Inhalation Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","docAbstract":"

Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 > TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12–14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5 μ mol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 > TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn+ Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/08958370701858427","issn":"08958378","usgsCitation":"Gottipolu, R., Landa, E.R., Schladweiler, M., McGee, J., Ledbetter, A., Richards, J., Wallenborn, G., and Kodavanti, U., 2008, Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components: Inhalation Toxicology, v. 20, no. 5, p. 473-484, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370701858427.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958370701858427"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f376e4b0c8380cd4b821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gottipolu, R.R.","contributorId":37550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottipolu","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schladweiler, M.C.","contributorId":93288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladweiler","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGee, J.K.","contributorId":25372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ledbetter, A.D.","contributorId":26893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledbetter","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richards, J.H.","contributorId":49164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wallenborn, G.J.","contributorId":103884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallenborn","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kodavanti, U.P.","contributorId":99390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kodavanti","given":"U.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}