{"pageNumber":"921","pageRowStart":"23000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40804,"records":[{"id":70033614,"text":"70033614 - 2008 - Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:41:42","indexId":"70033614","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p>Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide is examined in experimental mixtures of metal-rich acid rock drainage and relatively pure river water and during batch adsorption experiments using synthetic ferrihydrite. A diverse set of Cu- and Zn-bearing solutions was examined, including natural waters, complex synthetic acid rock drainage, and simple NaNO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>electrolyte. Metal adsorption data are combined with isotopic measurements of dissolved Cu (<sup>65</sup>Cu/<sup>63</sup>Cu) and Zn (<sup>66</sup>Zn/<sup>64</sup>Zn) in each of the experiments. Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes occurs during adsorption of the metal onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. The adsorption data are modeled successfully using the diffuse double layer model in PHREEQC. The isotopic data are best described by a closed system, equilibrium exchange model. The fractionation factors (<i>α</i><sub>soln–solid</sub>) are 0.99927&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00008 for Cu and 0.99948&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00004 for Zn or, alternately, the separation factors (<i>Δ</i><sub>soln–solid</sub>) are −0.73&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.08‰ for Cu and −0.52&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.04‰ for Zn. These factors indicate that the heavier isotope preferentially adsorbs onto the oxyhydroxide surface, which is consistent with shorter metal–oxygen bonds and lower coordination number for the metal at the surface relative to the aqueous ion. Fractionation of Cu isotopes also is greater than that for Zn isotopes. Limited isotopic data for adsorption of Cu, Fe(II), and Zn onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide suggest that isotopic fractionation is related to the intrinsic equilibrium constants that define aqueous metal interactions with oxyhydroxide surface sites. Greater isotopic fractionation occurs with stronger metal binding by the oxyhydroxide with Cu&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Zn&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Fe(II).</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Borrok, D., Wanty, R., and Ridley, W., 2008, Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 2, p. 311-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"328","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13a8e4b0c8380cd54715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borrok, D.M.","contributorId":38775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033615,"text":"70033615 - 2008 - Winter fidelity and apparent survival of lesser snow goose populations in the Pacific flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033615","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter fidelity and apparent survival of lesser snow goose populations in the Pacific flyway","docAbstract":"The Beringia region of the Arctic contains 2 colonies of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) breeding on Wrangel Island, Russia, and Banks Island, Canada, and wintering in North America. The Wrangel Island population is composed of 2 subpopulations from a sympatric breeding colony but separate wintering areas, whereas the Banks Island population shares a sympatric wintering area in California, USA, with one of the Wrangel Island subpopulations. The Wrangel Island colony represents the last major snow goose population in Russia and has fluctuated considerably since 1970, whereas the Banks Island population has more than doubled. The reasons for these changes are unclear, but hypotheses include independent population demographics (survival and recruitment) and immigration and emigration among breeding or wintering populations. These demographic and movement patterns have important ecological and management implications for understanding goose population structure, harvest of admixed populations, and gene flow among populations with separate breeding or wintering areas. From 1993 to 1996, we neckbanded molting birds at their breeding colonies and resighted birds on the wintering grounds. We used multistate mark-recapture models to evaluate apparent survival rates, resighting rates, winter fidelity, and potential exchange among these populations. We also compared the utility of face stain in Wrangel Island breeding geese as a predictor of their wintering area. Our results showed similar apparent survival rates between subpopulations of Wrangel Island snow geese and lower apparent survival, but higher emigration, for the Banks Island birds. Males had lower apparent survival than females, most likely due to differences in neckband loss. Transition between wintering areas was low (<3%), with equal movement between northern and southern wintering areas for Wrangel Island birds and little evidence of exchange between the Banks and northern Wrangel Island populations. Face staining was an unreliable indicator of wintering area. Our findings suggest that northern and southern Wrangel Island subpopulations should be considered a metapopulation in better understanding and managing Pacific Flyway lesser snow geese. Yet the absence of a strong population connection between Banks Island and Wrangel Island geese suggests that these breeding colonies can be managed as separate but overlapping populations. Additionally, winter population fidelity may be more important in lesser snow geese than in other species, and both breeding and wintering areas are important components of population management for sympatric wintering populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2005-748","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Williams, C., Samuel, M., Baranyuk, V.V., Cooch, E., and Kraege, D.K., 2008, Winter fidelity and apparent survival of lesser snow goose populations in the Pacific flyway: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 159-167, https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-748.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2005-748"},{"id":242157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd14de4b08c986b32f34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, C.K.","contributorId":8301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baranyuk, Vasily V.","contributorId":75482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baranyuk","given":"Vasily","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraege, Donald K.","contributorId":19738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraege","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033617,"text":"70033617 - 2008 - Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033617","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for discharges from 140 abandoned mines in the Anthracite and Bituminous Coalfields of Pennsylvania reveal complex relations among the pH and dissolved solute concentrations that can be explained with geochemical equilibrium models. Observed values of pH ranged from 2.7 to 7.3 in the coal-mine discharges (CMD). Generally, flow rates were smaller and solute concentrations were greater for low-pH CMD samples; pH typically increased with flow rate. Although the frequency distribution of pH was similar for the anthracite and bituminous discharges, the bituminous discharges had smaller median flow rates; greater concentrations of SO4, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Sr; comparable concentrations of Mn, Cd, Zn and Se; and smaller concentrations of Ba and Pb than anthracite discharges with the same pH values. The observed relations between the pH and constituent concentrations can be attributed to (1) dilution of acidic water by near-neutral or alkaline ground water; (2) solubility control of Al, Fe, Mn, Ba and Sr by hydroxide, sulfate, and/or carbonate minerals; and (3) aqueous SO4-complexation and surface-complexation (adsorption) reactions. The formation of AlSO4+ and AlHSO42 + complexes adds to the total dissolved Al concentration at equilibrium with Al(OH)3 and/or Al hydroxysulfate phases and can account for 10-20 times greater concentrations of dissolved Al in SO4-laden bituminous discharges compared to anthracite discharges at pH of 5. Sulfate complexation can also account for 10-30 times greater concentrations of dissolved FeIII concentrations at equilibrium with Fe(OH)3 and/or schwertmannite (Fe8O8(OH)4.5(SO4)1.75) at pH of 3-5. In contrast, lower Ba concentrations in bituminous discharges indicate that elevated SO4 concentrations in these CMD sources could limit Ba concentrations by the precipitation of barite (BaSO4). Coprecipitation of Sr with barite could limit concentrations of this element. However, concentrations of dissolved Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and most other trace cations in CMD samples were orders of magnitude less than equilibrium with sulfate, carbonate, and/or hydroxide minerals. Surface complexation (adsorption) by hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) could account for the decreased concentrations of these divalent cations with increased pH. In contrast, increased concentrations of As and, to a lesser extent, Se with increased pH could result from the adsorption of these oxyanions by HFO at low pH and desorption at near-neutral pH. Hence, the solute concentrations in CMD and the purity of associated \"ochres\" formed in CMD settings are expected to vary with pH and aqueous SO4 concentration, with potential for elevated SO4, As and Se in ochres formed at low pH and elevated Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in ochres formed at near-neutral pH. Elevated SO4 content of ochres could enhance the adsorption of cations at low pH, but decrease the adsorption of anions such as As. Such information on environmental processes that control element concentrations in aqueous samples and associated precipitates could be useful in the design of systems to reduce dissolved contaminant concentrations and/or to recover potentially valuable constituents in mine effluents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2008, Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 203-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003.","startPage":"203","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003"},{"id":242190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0236e4b0c8380cd4ff4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033618,"text":"70033618 - 2008 - Differences in phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033618","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"Seasonal hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been linked to increased nitrogen fluxes from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basins, though recent evidence shows that phosphorus also influences productivity in the Gulf. We developed a spatially explicit and structurally detailed SPARROW water-quality model that reveals important differences in the sources and transport processes that control nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to the Gulf. Our model simulations indicate that agricultural sources in the watersheds contribute more than 70% of the delivered N and P. However, corn and soybean cultivation is the largest contributor of N (52%), followed by atmospheric deposition sources (16%); whereas P originates primarily from animal manure on pasture and rangelands (37%), followed by corn and soybeans (25%), other crops (18%), and urban sources (12%). The fraction of in-stream P and N load delivered to the Gulf increases with stream size, but reservoir trapping of P causes large local- and regional-scale differences in delivery. Our results indicate the diversity of management approaches required to achieve efficient control of nutrient loads to the Gulf. These include recognition of important differences in the agricultural sources of N and P, the role of atmospheric N, attention to P sources downstream from reservoirs, and better control of both N and P in close proximity to large rivers. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0716103","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., Schwarz, G., Boyer, E., Nolan, J., and Brakebill, J., 2008, Differences in phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 822-830, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0716103.","startPage":"822","endPage":"830","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476686,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es0716103","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0716103"},{"id":242221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f0e4b0c8380cd4f9da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nolan, J.V.","contributorId":14653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brakebill, J. W.","contributorId":48206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033623,"text":"70033623 - 2008 - Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:46:38","indexId":"70033623","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"The abandoned Valzinco mine, which worked a steeply dipping Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit in the Virginia Au-pyrite belt, contributed significant metal-laden acid-mine drainage to the Knight's Branch watershed. The host rocks were dominated by metamorphosed felsic volcanic rocks, which offered limited acid-neutralizing potential. The ores were dominated by pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite, which represented significant acid-generating potential. Acid-base accounting and leaching studies of flotation tailings - the dominant mine waste at the site - indicated that they were acid generating and therefore, should have liberated significant quantities of metals to solution. Field studies of mine drainage from the site confirmed that mine drainage and the impacted stream waters had pH values from 1.1 to 6.4 and exceeded aquatic ecosystem toxicity limits for Fe, Al, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Stable isotope studies of water, dissolved SO42 -, and primary and secondary sulfate and sulfide minerals indicated that two distinct sulfide oxidation pathways were operative at the site: one dominated by Fe(III) as the oxidant, and another by molecular O2 as the oxidant. Reaction-path modeling suggested that geochemical interactions between tailings and waters approached a steady state within about a year. Both leaching studies and geochemical reaction-path modeling provided reasonable predictions of the mine-drainage chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.001","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., Hammarstrom, J.M., Johnson, A., Piatak, N., and Wandless, G., 2008, Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 320-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.001.","startPage":"320","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.001"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c6e4b0c8380cd52068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, A.N.","contributorId":49195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatak, N.M. 0000-0002-1973-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":46636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wandless, G.A.","contributorId":107716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033624,"text":"70033624 - 2008 - Incorporating GIS building data and census housing statistics for sub-block-level population estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033624","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3191,"text":"Professional Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating GIS building data and census housing statistics for sub-block-level population estimation","docAbstract":"This article presents a deterministic model for sub-block-level population estimation based on the total building volumes derived from geographic information system (GIS) building data and three census block-level housing statistics. To assess the model, we generated artificial blocks by aggregating census block areas and calculating the respective housing statistics. We then applied the model to estimate populations for sub-artificial-block areas and assessed the estimates with census populations of the areas. Our analyses indicate that the average percent error of population estimation for sub-artificial-block areas is comparable to those for sub-census-block areas of the same size relative to associated blocks. The smaller the sub-block-level areas, the higher the population estimation errors. For example, the average percent error for residential areas is approximately 0.11 percent for 100 percent block areas and 35 percent for 5 percent block areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Professional Geographer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00330120701724251","issn":"00330124","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., Wang, L., and Qiu, X., 2008, Incorporating GIS building data and census housing statistics for sub-block-level population estimation: Professional Geographer, v. 60, no. 1, p. 121-135, https://doi.org/10.1080/00330120701724251.","startPage":"121","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214105,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00330120701724251"},{"id":241795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e5e4b0c8380cd61a8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.-S.","contributorId":51714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qiu, X.","contributorId":73422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033626,"text":"70033626 - 2008 - Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T07:55:07","indexId":"70033626","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Black spruce forests are a dominant covertype in the boreal forest region, and they inhabit landscapes that span a wide range of hydrologic and thermal conditions. These forests often have large stores of soil organic carbon. Recent increases in temperature at northern latitudes may be stimulating decomposition rates of this soil carbon. It is unclear, however, how changes in environmental conditions influence decomposition in these systems, and if substrate controls of decomposition vary with hydrologic and thermal regime. We addressed these issues by investigating the effects of temperature, moisture, and organic matter chemical characteristics on decomposition of fibric soil horizons from three black spruce forest sites. The sites varied in drainage and permafrost, and included a “Well Drained” site where permafrost was absent, and “Moderately well Drained” and “Poorly Drained” sites where permafrost was present at about 0.5&nbsp;m depth. Samples collected from each site were incubated at five different moisture contents (2, 25, 50, 75, and 100% saturation) and two different temperatures (10°C and 20°C) in a full factorial design for two months. Organic matter chemistry was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to incubation, and after incubation on soils held at 20°C, 50% saturation. Mean cumulative mineralization, normalized to initial carbon content, ranged from 0.2% to 4.7%, and was dependent on temperature, moisture, and site. The effect of temperature on mineralization was significantly influenced by moisture content, as mineralization was greatest at 20°C and 50–75% saturation. While the relative effects of temperature and moisture were similar for all soils, mineralization rates were significantly greater for samples from the “Well Drained” site compared to the other sites. Variations in the relative abundances of polysaccharide-derivatives and compounds of undetermined source (such as toluene, phenol, 4-methyl phenol, and several unidentifiable compounds) could account for approximately 44% of the variation in mineralization across all sites under ideal temperature and moisture conditions. Based on our results, changes in temperature and moisture likely have similar, additive effects on in&nbsp;situ soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition across a wide range of black spruce forest systems, while variations in SOM chemistry can lead to significant differences in decomposition rates within and among forest sites.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Wickland, K., and Neff, J.C., 2008, Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls: Biogeochemistry, v. 87, no. 1, p. 29-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214134,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe14e4b0c8380cd4eaec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033628,"text":"70033628 - 2008 - Estimation of perennial vegetation cover distribution in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033628","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of perennial vegetation cover distribution in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","docAbstract":"This paper details a method to create regional models of perennial vegetation cover using pre-existing field data and satellite imagery. Total cover of perennial vegetation is an important ecological attribute of desert ecosystems, including the Mojave Desert, USA, an area of 125,000 km2. Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index (MODIS-EVI) data were coupled with measurements of total perennial cover and plot elevation using stepwise linear regression and linear regression techniques to create two models of cover. The final models produced R2 of 0.82 and 0.81, respectively, and yielded maps of perennial cover distribution in the Mojave Desert at 250 m spatial resolution. Copyright ?? 2008 by Bellwether Publishing, Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.167","issn":"15481603","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., Webb, R.H., and Thomas, K., 2008, Estimation of perennial vegetation cover distribution in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 45, no. 2, p. 167-187, https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.167.","startPage":"167","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487128,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.167","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214168,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.167"},{"id":241862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b9fe4b0c8380cd527dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, C.S.A.","contributorId":89712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, K.A.","contributorId":100934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033641,"text":"70033641 - 2008 - Utilizing spectral analysis of coastal discharge computed by a numerical model to determine boundary influence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033641","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing spectral analysis of coastal discharge computed by a numerical model to determine boundary influence","docAbstract":"In the present study, a spectral analysis was applied to field data and a numerical model of southeastern Everglades and northeastern Florida Bay that involved computing and comparing the power spectrum of simulated and measured flows at the primary coastal outflow creek. Four dominant power frequencies, corresponding to the S1, S2, M2, and 01 tidal periods, were apparent in the measured outflows. The model seemed to reproduce the magnitudes of the S1 and S2 components better than those of the M2 and 01 components. To determine the cause of the relatively poor representation of the M2 and 01 components, we created a steady-base version of the model by setting the time-varying forcing functions - rainfall, evapotranspiration, wind, and inland and tidal boundary conditions - to averaged values. The steady-base model was then modified to produce multiple simulations with only one time-varying forcing function for each model run. These experimental simulations approximated the individual effects of each forcing function on the system. The spectral analysis of the experimental simulations indicated that temporal fluctuations in rainfall, evapotranspiration, and inland water level and discharge boundaries have negligible effects on coastal creek flow fluctuations with periods of less than 48 hours. The tidal boundary seems to be the only forcing function inducing the M2 and 01 frequency flow fluctuations in the creek. An analytical formulation was developed, relating the errors induced by the tidal water-level gauge resolution to the errors in the simulated discharge fluctuations at the coastal creek. This formulation yielded a discharge-fluctuation error similar in magnitude to the errors observed when comparing the spectrum of the simulated and measured discharge. The dominant source of error in the simulation of discharge fluctuation magnitude is most likely the resolution of the water-level gauges used to create the model boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0848.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., Langevin, C., and Wang, J., 2008, Utilizing spectral analysis of coastal discharge computed by a numerical model to determine boundary influence: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1418-1429, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0848.1.","startPage":"1418","endPage":"1429","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0848.1"},{"id":242123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0e1e4b08c986b32a38d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, E.D. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":29007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, J.D.","contributorId":72588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033642,"text":"70033642 - 2008 - Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T07:58:02","indexId":"70033642","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1615,"text":"Extremophiles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from soda lakes produced electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). No electricity was generated in the absence of bacterial metabolism. Arsenate respiring bacteria isolated from moderately hypersaline Mono Lake (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Bacillus selenitireducens</i>), and salt-saturated Searles Lake, CA (strain SLAS-1) oxidized lactate using arsenate as the electron acceptor. However, these cultures grew equally well without added arsenate using the MFC anode as their electron acceptor, and in the process oxidized lactate more efficiently. The decrease in electricity generation by consumption of added alternative electron acceptors (i.e. arsenate) which competed with the anode for available electrons proved to be a useful indicator of microbial activity and hence life in the fuel cells. Shaken sediment slurries from these two lakes also generated electricity, with or without added lactate. Hydrogen added to sediment slurries was consumed but did not stimulate electricity production. Finally, electricity was generated in statically incubated “intact” sediment cores from these lakes. More power was produced in sediment from Mono Lake than from Searles Lake, however microbial fuel cells could detect low levels of metabolism operating under moderate and extreme conditions of salt stress.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00792-008-0191-5","issn":"14310","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., and Oremland, R., 2008, Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes: Extremophiles, v. 12, no. 6, p. 837-848, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0191-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"848","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0191-5"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a089de4b0c8380cd51bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033645,"text":"70033645 - 2008 - Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033645","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA","docAbstract":"Landslides in partially saturated colluvium on Seattle, WA, hillslopes have resulted in property damage and human casualties. We developed statistical models of colluvium and shallow-groundwater distributions to aid landslide hazard assessments. The models were developed using a geographic information system, digital geologic maps, digital topography, subsurface exploration results, the groundwater flow modeling software VS2DI and regression analyses. Input to the colluvium model includes slope, distance to a hillslope-crest escarpment, and escarpment slope and height. We developed different statistical relations for thickness of colluvium on four landforms. Groundwater model input includes colluvium basal slope and distance from the Fraser aquifer. This distance was used to estimate hydraulic conductivity based on the assumption that addition of finer-grained material from down-section would result in lower conductivity. Colluvial groundwater is perched so we estimated its saturated thickness. We used VS2DI to establish relations between saturated thickness and the hydraulic conductivity and basal slope of the colluvium. We developed different statistical relations for three groundwater flow regimes. All model results were validated using observational data that were excluded from calibration. Eighty percent of colluvium thickness predictions were within 25% of observed values and 88% of saturated thickness predictions were within 20% of observed values. The models are based on conditions common to many areas, so our method can provide accurate results for similar regions; relations in our statistical models require calibration for new regions. Our results suggest that Seattle landslides occur in native deposits and colluvium, ultimately in response to surface-water erosion of hillstope toes. Regional groundwater conditions do not appear to strongly affect the general distribution of Seattle landslides; historical landslides were equally dispersed within and outside of the area potentially affected by regional groundwater conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1535","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W., Lidke, D., and Godt, J., 2008, Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 33, no. 1, p. 123-141, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1535.","startPage":"123","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476756,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1535","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1535"},{"id":242191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c50e4b0c8380cd6fbc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033649,"text":"70033649 - 2008 - Extent of the last ice sheet in northern Scotland tested with cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033649","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extent of the last ice sheet in northern Scotland tested with cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages","docAbstract":"The extent of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) in northern Scotland is disputed. A restricted ice sheet model holds that at the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ca. 23-19 ka) the BIIS terminated on land in northern Scotland, leaving Buchan, Caithness and the Orkney Islands ice-free. An alternative model implies that these three areas were ice-covered at the LGM, with the BIIS extending offshore onto the adjacent shelves. We test the two models using cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure dating of erratic boulders and glacially eroded bedrock from the three areas. Our results indicate that the last BIIS covered all of northern Scotland during the LGM, but that widespread deglaciation of Caithness and Orkney occurred prior to rapid warming at ca. 14.5 ka. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Quaternary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jqs.1161","issn":"02678179","usgsCitation":"Phillips, W., Hall, A., Ballantyne, C., Binnie, S., Kubik, P., and Freeman, S., 2008, Extent of the last ice sheet in northern Scotland tested with cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 23, no. 2, p. 101-107, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1161.","startPage":"101","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1161"},{"id":242255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e4ee4b0c8380cd533b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, W.M.","contributorId":49332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, A.M.","contributorId":40400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballantyne, C.K.","contributorId":86564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballantyne","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binnie, S.","contributorId":16222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kubik, P.W.","contributorId":21691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Freeman, S.","contributorId":78492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033651,"text":"70033651 - 2008 - Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70033651","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed","docAbstract":"The similarity of tiled-drained watersheds to karst drainage basins can be used to improve understanding of watershed-scale nutrient losses from subsurface tile drainage networks. In this study, short-term variations in discharge and chemistry were examined from a tile outlet collecting subsurface tile flow from a 963 ha agricultural watershed. Study objectives were to apply analytical techniques from karst springs to tile discharge to evaluate water sources and estimate the loads of agricultural pollutants discharged from the tile with conduit, intermediate and diffuse flow regimes. A two-member mixing model using nitrate, chloride and specific conductance was used to distinguish rainwater versus groundwater inputs. Results indicated that groundwater comprised 75% of the discharge for a three-day storm period and rainwater was primarily concentrated during the hydrograph peak. A contrasting pattern of solute concentrations and export loads was observed in tile flow. During base flow periods, tile flow consisted of diffuse flow from groundwater sources and contained elevated levels of nitrate, chloride and specific conductance. During storm events, suspended solids and pollutants adhered to soil surfaces (phosphorus, ammonium and organic nitrogen) were concentrated and discharged during the rapid, conduit flow portion of the hydrograph. During a three-day period, conduit flow occurred for 5.6% of the time but accounted for 16.5% of the total flow. Nitrate and chloride were delivered primarily with diffuse flow (more than 70%), whereas 80-94% of total suspended sediment, phosphorus and ammonium were exported with conduit and intermediate flow regimes. Understanding the water sources contributing to tile drainage and the manner by which pollutant discharge occurs from these systems (conduit, intermediate or diffuse flow) may be useful for designing, implementing and evaluating non-point source reduction strategies in tile-drained landscapes. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Helmers, M., 2008, Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed: Journal of Hydrology, v. 349, no. 3-4, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014"},{"id":242289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"349","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb386e4b08c986b325e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmers, M.","contributorId":94872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033652,"text":"70033652 - 2008 - Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of land-atmosphere interactions within the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:10:55","indexId":"70033652","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of land-atmosphere interactions within the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Over the past 350 years, the eastern half of the United States experienced extensive land cover changes. These began with land clearing in the 1600s, continued with widespread deforestation, wetland drainage, and intensive land use by 1920, and then evolved to the present-day landscape of forest regrowth, intensive agriculture, urban expansion, and landscape fragmentation. Such changes alter biophysical properties that are key determinants of land-atmosphere interactions (water, energy, and carbon exchanges). To understand the potential implications of these land use transformations, we developed and analyzed 20-km land cover and biophysical parameter data sets for the eastern United States at 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992 time slices. Our approach combined potential vegetation, county-level census data, soils data, resource statistics, a Landsat-derived land cover classification, and published historical information on land cover and land use. We reconstructed land use intensity maps for each time slice and characterized the land cover condition. We combined these land use data with a mutually consistent set of biophysical parameter classes, to characterize the historical diversity and distribution of land surface properties. Time series maps of land surface albedo, leaf area index, a deciduousness index, canopy height, surface roughness, and potential saturated soils in 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992 illustrate the profound effects of land use change on biophysical properties of the land surface. Although much of the eastern forest has returned, the average biophysical parameters for recent landscapes remain markedly different from those of earlier periods. Understanding the consequences of these historical changes will require land-atmosphere interactions modeling experiments.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2006JD008277","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Steyaert, L.T., and Knox, R., 2008, Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of land-atmosphere interactions within the eastern United States: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 113, no. 2, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008277.","productDescription":"D02101; 27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476704,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008277"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a24ae4b0e8fec6cdb555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knox, R.G.","contributorId":95690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033657,"text":"70033657 - 2008 - Optically stimulated luminescence age controls on late Pleistocene and Holocene coastal lithosomes, North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033657","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optically stimulated luminescence age controls on late Pleistocene and Holocene coastal lithosomes, North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"Luminescence ages from a variety of coastal features on the North Carolina Coastal Plain provide age control for shoreline formation and relative sea-level position during the late Pleistocene. A series of paleoshoreline ridges, dating to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5a and MIS 3 have been defined. The Kitty Hawk beach ridges, on the modern Outer Banks, yield ages of 3 to 2??ka. Oxygen-isotope data are used to place these deposits in the context of global climate and sea-level change. The occurrence of MIS 5a and MIS 3 shorelines suggests that glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the study area is large (ca. 22 to 26??m), as suggested and modeled by other workers, and/or MIS 3 sea level was briefly higher than suggested by some coral reef studies. Correcting the shoreline elevations for GIA brings their elevation in line with other sea-level indicators. The age of the Kitty Hawk beach ridges places the Holocene shoreline well west of its present location at ca. 3 to 2??ka. The age of shoreline progradation is consistent with the ages of other beach ridge complexes in the southeast USA, suggesting some regionally contemporaneous forcing mechanism. ?? 2007 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.002","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Mallinson, D., Burdette, K., Mahan, S., and Brook, G., 2008, Optically stimulated luminescence age controls on late Pleistocene and Holocene coastal lithosomes, North Carolina, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 69, no. 1, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.002.","startPage":"97","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.002"},{"id":241863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ed8e4b0c8380cd75823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallinson, D.","contributorId":93686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdette, K.","contributorId":43635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdette","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, S.","contributorId":98894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brook, G.","contributorId":38436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brook","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033661,"text":"70033661 - 2008 - Recovery of aboveground plant biomass and productivity after fire in mesic and dry black spruce forests of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033661","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of aboveground plant biomass and productivity after fire in mesic and dry black spruce forests of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Plant biomass accumulation and productivity are important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) balance during post-fire succession. In boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forests near Delta Junction, Alaska, we quantified aboveground plant biomass and net primary productivity (ANPP) for 4 years after a 1999 wildfire in a well-drained (dry) site, and also across a dry and a moderately well-drained (mesic) chronosequence of sites that varied in time since fire (2 to ???116 years). Four years after fire, total biomass at the 1999 burn site had increased exponentially to 160 ?? 21 g m-2 (mean ?? 1SE) and vascular ANPP had recovered to 138 ?? 32 g m-2 y -1, which was not different than that of a nearby unburned stand (160 ?? 48 g m-2 y-1) that had similar pre-fire stand structure and understory composition. Production in the young site was dominated by re-sprouting graminoids, whereas production in the unburned site was dominated by black spruce. On the dry and mesic chronosequences, total biomass pools, including overstory and understory vascular and non-vascular plants, and lichens, increased logarithmically (dry) or linearly (mesic) with increasing site age, reaching a maximum of 2469 ?? 180 (dry) and 4008 ?? 233 g m-2 (mesic) in mature stands. Biomass differences were primarily due to higher tree density in the mesic sites because mass per tree was similar between sites. ANPP of vascular and non-vascular plants increased linearly over time in the mesic chronosequence to 335 ?? 68 g m-2 y -1 in the mature site, but in the dry chronosequence it peaked at 410 ?? 43 g m-2 y-1 in a 15-year-old stand dominated by deciduous trees and shrubs. Key factors regulating biomass accumulation and production in these ecosystems appear to be the abundance and composition of re-sprouting species early in succession, the abundance of deciduous trees and shrubs in intermediate aged stands, and the density of black spruce across all stand ages. A better understanding of the controls over these factors will help predict how changes in climate and fire regime will affect the carbon balance of Interior Alaska. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-007-9117-9","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Mack, M., Treseder, K., Manies, K., Harden, J., Schuur, E., Vogel, J., Randerson, J.T., and Chapin, F.S., 2008, Recovery of aboveground plant biomass and productivity after fire in mesic and dry black spruce forests of interior Alaska: Ecosystems, v. 11, no. 2, p. 209-225, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9117-9.","startPage":"209","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487704,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7362z3v7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9117-9"},{"id":241927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a329e4b0e8fec6cdb794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, M.C.","contributorId":87238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Treseder, K.K.","contributorId":57673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treseder","given":"K.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":106679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vogel, J.G.","contributorId":98127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Randerson, J. T.","contributorId":41181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randerson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033663,"text":"70033663 - 2008 - Nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River, northeastern USA; a comparison of mass balance and N2 production modeling approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033663","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River, northeastern USA; a comparison of mass balance and N2 production modeling approaches","docAbstract":"Two methods were used to measure in-stream nitrogen loss in the Connecticut River during studies conducted in April and August 2005. A mass balance on nitrogen inputs and output for two study reaches (55 and 66 km), at spring high flow and at summer low flow, was computed on the basis of total nitrogen concentrations and measured river discharges in the Connecticut River and its tributaries. In a 10.3 km subreach of the northern 66 km reach, concentrations of dissolved N2 were also measured during summer low flow and compared to modeled N2 concentrations (based on temperature and atmospheric gas exchange rates) to determine the measured \"excess\" N2 that indicates denitrification. Mass balance results showed no in-stream nitrogen loss in either reach during April 2005, and no nitrogen loss in the southern 55 km study reach during August 2005. In the northern 66 km reach during August 2005, however, nitrogen output was 18% less than the total nitrogen inputs to the reach. N2 sampling results gave an estimated rate of N2 production that would remove 3.3% of the nitrogen load in the river over the 10.3 km northern sub-reach. The nitrogen losses measured in the northern reach in August 2005 may represent an approximate upper limit for nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River because denitrification processes are most active during warm summer temperatures and because the study was performed during the annual low-flow period when total nitrogen loads are small. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-008-9186-7","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.E., Laursen, A., and Deacon, J.R., 2008, Nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River, northeastern USA; a comparison of mass balance and N2 production modeling approaches: Biogeochemistry, v. 87, no. 3, p. 311-323, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9186-7.","startPage":"311","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214255,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9186-7"},{"id":241957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66c8e4b0c8380cd72fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, T. E.","contributorId":23530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laursen, A.E.","contributorId":84575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laursen","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deacon, J. R.","contributorId":67110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033665,"text":"70033665 - 2008 - The role of local soil-induced amplification in the 27 July 1980 northeastern Kentucky earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033665","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of local soil-induced amplification in the 27 July 1980 northeastern Kentucky earthquake","docAbstract":"Amplification of earthquake ground motions by near-surface soil deposits was believed to have occurred in Maysville, Kentucky, U.S.A. during the northeast Kentucky (Sharpsburg) earthquake (mb,Lg 5.3) of July 27, 1980. The city of Maysville, founded on approximately 30 m of Late Quaternary Ohio River flood plain alluvium, was 52 km from the epicenter, but experienced equivalent or higher Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) VII, compared with the epicentral area of the earthquake (i.e., MMI VI-VII). In this study, dynamic soil properties were obtained at 10 sites in Maysville using seismic P-wave and S-wave (SH-mode) refraction and reflection methods. Synthetically generated composite time histories and limited geotechnical information, along with the measured dynamic properties, were used to perform one-dimensional linear-equivalent amplification analyses. The results indicated the soils generated ground-motion amplification factors between 3.0 and 6.0 and at a frequency range between 2.0 and 5.0 Hz (0.2 to 0.5 s). The building damage in Maysville from the Sharpsburg earthquake was predominantly found in one- to three-story masonry structures. The estimated fundamental period for one- to three-story masonry buildings is approximately 0.11 to 0.26 s (3.8 to 9 Hz). These correlations suggest the elevated ground motion intensity in Maysville can be accounted for by near-surface soil-amplification effects and resonance of the ground motion by the buildings (i.e., double resonance).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.14.4.267","issn":"10787","usgsCitation":"Woolery, E., Lin, T., Wang, Z., and Shi, B., 2008, The role of local soil-induced amplification in the 27 July 1980 northeastern Kentucky earthquake: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 14, no. 4, p. 267-280, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.14.4.267.","startPage":"267","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.14.4.267"},{"id":241990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf80e4b08c986b32483f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolery, E.W.","contributorId":53548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolery","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, T.-L.","contributorId":82543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"T.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, B.","contributorId":85374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033666,"text":"70033666 - 2008 - An empirical study of statistical properties of variance partition coefficients for multi-level logistic regression models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033666","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1283,"text":"Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical study of statistical properties of variance partition coefficients for multi-level logistic regression models","docAbstract":"Partitioning the variance of a response by design levels is challenging for binomial and other discrete outcomes. Goldstein (2003) proposed four definitions for variance partitioning coefficients (VPC) under a two-level logistic regression model. In this study, we explicitly derived formulae for multi-level logistic regression model and subsequently studied the distributional properties of the calculated VPCs. Using simulations and a vegetation dataset, we demonstrated associations between different VPC definitions, the importance of methods for estimating VPCs (by comparing VPC obtained using Laplace and penalized quasilikehood methods), and bivariate dependence between VPCs calculated at different levels. Such an empirical study lends an immediate support to wider applications of VPC in scientific data analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/03610910802361366","issn":"03610","usgsCitation":"Li, J., Gray, B., and Bates, D., 2008, An empirical study of statistical properties of variance partition coefficients for multi-level logistic regression models: Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2010-2026, https://doi.org/10.1080/03610910802361366.","startPage":"2010","endPage":"2026","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495020,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/104996","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610910802361366"},{"id":241991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea38e4b0c8380cd486ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, B. R. 0000-0001-7682-9550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":14785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bates, D.M.","contributorId":102347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033667,"text":"70033667 - 2008 - Grizzly bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T15:03:53","indexId":"70033667","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grizzly bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present the first rigorous estimate of grizzly bear (</span><i>Ursus arctos</i><span>) population density and distribution in and around Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, USA. We used genetic analysis to identify individual bears from hair samples collected via 2 concurrent sampling methods: 1) systematically distributed, baited, barbed-wire hair traps and 2) unbaited bear rub trees found along trails. We used Huggins closed mixture models in Program MARK to estimate total population size and developed a method to account for heterogeneity caused by unequal access to rub trees. We corrected our estimate for lack of geographic closure using a new method that utilizes information from radiocollared bears and the distribution of bears captured with DNA sampling. Adjusted for closure, the average number of grizzly bears in our study area was 240.7 (95% CI = 202&ndash;303) in 1998 and 240.6 (95% CI = 205&ndash;304) in 2000. Average grizzly bear density was 30 bears/1,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, with 2.4 times more bears detected per hair trap inside than outside GNP. We provide baseline information important for managing one of the few remaining populations of grizzlies in the contiguous United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2008-007","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K., Stetz, J., Roon, D.A., Waits, L., Boulanger, J., and Paetkau, D., 2008, Grizzly bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 8, p. 1693-1705, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1693","endPage":"1705","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.73571777343749,\n              47.47266286861342\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.73571777343749,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3516845703125,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3516845703125,\n              47.47266286861342\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.73571777343749,\n              47.47266286861342\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a72e4b0c8380cd5b1b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roon, David A.","contributorId":42922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roon","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, L.P.","contributorId":58987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boulanger, J.B.","contributorId":52002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulanger","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033668,"text":"70033668 - 2008 - Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations for fractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T08:37:34","indexId":"70033668","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations for fractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p><span>Displacement–length data from faults, joints, veins, igneous&nbsp;dikes, shear deformation bands, and compaction bands define two groups. The first group, having a power-law scaling relation with a slope of&nbsp;</span><i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1 and therefore a linear dependence of maximum displacement and discontinuity length (<i>D</i><sub>max</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<i>γL</i><span>), comprises faults and shear (non-compactional or non-dilational) deformation bands. These shearing-mode structures, having shearing strains that predominate over&nbsp;volumetric strains&nbsp;across them, grow under conditions of constant driving stress, with the magnitude of near-tip stress on the same order as the rock's&nbsp;yield strength&nbsp;in shear. The second group, having a power-law scaling relation with a slope of&nbsp;</span><i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.5 and therefore a dependence of maximum displacement on the square root of discontinuity length (<i>D</i><sub>max</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<i>αL</i><sup>0.5</sup><span>), comprises joints, veins, igneous dikes, cataclastic deformation bands, and compaction bands. These opening- and closing-mode structures grow under conditions of constant&nbsp;fracture toughness, implying significant amplification of near-tip stress within a zone of small-scale yielding at the discontinuity tip. Volumetric changes accommodated by grain fragmentation, and thus control of propagation by the rock's fracture toughness, are associated with scaling of predominantly dilational and compactional structures with an exponent of&nbsp;</span><i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.5.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2008.08.001","issn":"01918","usgsCitation":"Schultz, R.A., Soliva, R., Fossen, H., Okubo, C., and Reeves, D.M., 2008, Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations for fractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 30, no. 11, p. 1405-1411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2008.08.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1405","endPage":"1411","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feafe4b0c8380cd4ee7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Richard A.","contributorId":49869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soliva, Roger","contributorId":212716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soliva","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fossen, Haakon","contributorId":83256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fossen","given":"Haakon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reeves, Donald M.","contributorId":206564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033686,"text":"70033686 - 2008 - Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033686","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Several abandoned Cu mines are located along the shore of Prince William Sound, AK, where the effect of mining-related discharge upon shoreline ecosystems is unknown. To determine the magnitude of this effect at the former Beatson mine, the largest Cu mine in the region and a Besshi-type massive sulfide ore deposit, trace metal concentration and flux were measured in surface run-off from remnant, mineralized workings and waste. Samples were collected from seepage waters; a remnant glory hole which is now a pit lake; a braided stream draining an area of mineralized rock, underground mine workings, and waste piles; and a background location upstream of the mine workings and mineralized rock. In the background stream pH averaged ???7.3, specific conductivity (SC) was ???40 ??S/cm, and the aqueous components indicative of sulfide mineral weathering, SO4 and trace metals, were at detection limits or lower. In the braided stream below the mine workings and waste piles, pH usually varied from 6.7 to 7.1, SC varied from 40 to 120 ??S/cm, SO4 had maximum concentrations of 32 mg/L, and the trace metals Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn showed maximum total acid extractable concentrations of 186, 5.9, 6.2 and 343 ??g/L, respectively. With an annual rainfall of ???340 cm (estimated from the 2006 water year) it was expected that rain water would have a large effect on the chemistry of the braided stream draining the mine site. A linear mixing model with two end members, seepage water from mineralized rock and background water, estimated that the braided stream contained 10-35% mine drainage. After rain events the braided stream showed a decrease in pH, SC, Ca + Mg, SO4, and alkalinity, due to dilution. The trace metals Ni and Zn followed this same pattern. Sodium + K and Cl did not vary between the background and braided stream, nor did they vary with rainfall. At approximately 2 and 3 mg/L, respectively, these concentrations are similar to concentrations found in rainfall on the coasts of North America. High concentrations of total acid extractable Al and Fe were found at near-neutral pH in most of the waters collected at the site. Equilibrium solubility simulations, performed with PHREEQC, show that the stream waters are saturated with respect to Al, Fe and SiO2 solid phases. Because the \"dissolved\" sample fractions (acid preserved and filtered to 0.45 ??m) show significant concentrations of Al and Fe it is presumed that these are present as colloids. The relationship between concentrations of Al and Fe, and rainfall was the opposite of that observed for the major ions Ca + Mg, SO4, and alkalinity, in that Al and Fe concentrations increased with increasing rainfall. Concentrations of Cu and Pb followed the same pattern. Adsorption calculations were performed with Visual MINTEQ, using the diffuse double layer electrostatic model and surface complexation constants for the ferrihydrite surface. These results suggest that 30-93% of Cu and 58-97% of Pb was adsorbed to ferrihydrite precipitates in the stream waters. Ni and Zn showed little adsorption in this pH range. Flux calculations show that the total mass of trace metals transported from the mine site, during the 60 day study period, was ranked as Zn (196 kg) > Cu (87 kg) > Pb(1.9 kg) ??? Ni(1.9 kg). Nickel and Zn were transported mostly as dissolved species while Cu and Pb were transported mostly as adsorbed species. pH control on adsorption was evident when Cu and Pb isotherms were normalized by ferrihydrite flux. Decreased stream water pH due to periods of frequent and high volume rain events would cause desorption of Cu and Pb from the ferrihydrite surface, thus changing not only their speciation in solution but also their mechanism of transport. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.013","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Stillings, L., Foster, A., Koski, R., Munk, L., and Shanks, W.C., 2008, Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 255-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.013.","startPage":"255","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.013"},{"id":241798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba525e4b08c986b32083c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033688,"text":"70033688 - 2008 - Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033688","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2453,"text":"Journal of Seismology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations","docAbstract":"Regional 3-D seismic velocity models used for broadband strong motion simulations must include compressional-wave velocity (Vp), shear-wave velocity (Vs), intrinsic attenuation (Qp, Qs), and density. Vs and Qs are the most important of these parameters because the strongest ground motions are generated chiefly by shear- and surface-wave arrivals. Because Vp data are more common than Vs data, many researchers first develop a Vp model and convert it to a Vs model. I describe recent empirical relations between Vs, Vp, Qs, Qp, and density that allow velocity models to be rapidly and accurately calculated. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Seismology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10950-007-9061-3","issn":"13834649","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., 2008, Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations: Journal of Seismology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 217-221, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-007-9061-3.","startPage":"217","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-007-9061-3"},{"id":241832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a407ae4b0c8380cd64dcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033690,"text":"70033690 - 2008 - Influence of perched groundwater on base flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:26:09","indexId":"70033690","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of perched groundwater on base flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis with a three‐dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow model provides a basic understanding of the interplay between streams and perched groundwater. A simplified, layered model of heterogeneity was used to explore these relationships. Base flow contribution from perched groundwater was evaluated with regard to varying hydrogeologic conditions, including the size and location of the fine‐sediment unit and the hydraulic conductivity of the fine‐sediment unit and surrounding coarser sediment. Simulated base flow was sustained by perched groundwater with a maximum monthly discharge in excess of 15 L/s (0.6 feet</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s) over the length of the 2000‐m stream reach. Generally, the rate of perched‐groundwater discharge to the stream was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of sediment surrounding the stream, whereas the duration of discharge was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of the fine‐sediment unit. Other aspects of the perched aquifer affected base flow, such as the depth of stream penetration and the size of the fine‐sediment unit. Greater stream penetration decreased the maximum base flow contribution but increased the duration of contribution. Perched groundwater provided water for riparian vegetation at the demand rate but reduced the duration of perched‐groundwater discharge nearly 75%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006160","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., and Fogg, G., 2008, Influence of perched groundwater on base flow: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 3, Article W03405; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006160.","productDescription":"Article W03405; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b63e4b0c8380cd624b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. rniswon@usgs.gov","contributorId":146547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033691,"text":"70033691 - 2008 - A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:19:20","indexId":"70033691","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms accumulate metals from dissolved and particulate phases. Dietborne metal uptake likely prevails in nature, but the physiological processes governing metal bioaccumulation from diet are not fully understood. We characterize dietborne copper, cadmium, and nickel uptake by a freshwater gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis) both in terms of biodynamics and membrane transport characteristics. We use enriched stable isotopes to trace newly accumulated metals from diet, determine food ingestion rate (IR) and estimate metal assimilation efficiency (AE). Upon 18-h exposure, dietborne metal influx was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Dietary metal uptake rate constants (kuf) ranged from 0.104 to 0.162 g g -1 day-1, and appeared to be an expression of transmembrane transport characteristics. Although kuf values were 1000-times lower than uptake rate constants from solution, biodynamic modeling showed that diet is the major Cd, Cu, and Ni source in nature. AE varied slightly among metals and exposure concentrations (84-95%). Suppression of Cd and Cu influxes upon exposure to extreme concentrations coincided with a 10-fold decrease in food IR, suggesting that feeding inhibition could act as an end point for dietary metal toxicity in L. stagnalis.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es7022913","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M., and Luoma, S., 2008, A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 5, p. 1801-1806, https://doi.org/10.1021/es7022913.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1801","endPage":"1806","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es7022913"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e325e4b0c8380cd45e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, M.-N.","contributorId":37511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"M.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}