BACKGROUND
Migratory waterfowl have often been implicated in the movement of troublesome agronomic and wetland weed species. However, minimal research has been conducted to investigate the dispersal of agronomically important weed species by waterfowl. The two objectives for this project were to determine what weed species are being consumed by ducks and snow geese, and to determine the recovery rate and viability of 13 agronomic weed species after passage through a duck's digestive system.
RESULTS
Seed recovered from digestive tracts of 526 ducks and geese harvested during a 2‐year field study had 35 020 plants emerge. A greater variety of plant species emerged from ducks each year (47 and 31 species) compared to geese (11 and 3 species). Viable seed from 11 of 13 weed species fed to ducks in a controlled feeding study were recovered. Viability rate and gut retention times indicated potential dispersal up to 2900 km from the source depending on seed characteristics and variability in waterfowl dispersal distances.
CONCLUSIONS
Study results confirm that waterfowl are consuming seeds from a variety of agronomically important weed species, including Palmer amaranth, which can remain viable after passage through digestive tracts and have potential to be dispersed over long distances by waterfowl.
Market segmentation is useful to understanding and classifying the diverse range of outdoor recreation experiences sought by different recreationists. Although many different segmentation methodologies exist, many are complex and difficult to measure accurately during in-person intercepts, such as that of creel surveys. To address that gap in the literature, we propose a single-item measure of the importance of fishing as a surrogate to often overly- or needlesslycomplex segmentation techniques. The importance of fishing item is a measure of the value anglers place on the activity or a coarse quantification of how central the activity is to the respondent’s lifestyle (scale: 0 = not important, 1 = slightly, 2 = moderately, 3 = very, and 4 = fishing is my most important recreational activity). We suggest the importance scale may be a proxy measurement for segmenting anglers using the social worlds model as a theoretical framework. Vaske (1980) suggested that commitment to recreational activities may be best understood in relation to social group participation and the social worlds model provides a rich theoretical framework for understanding social group segments. Unruh (1983) identified four types of actor involvement in social worlds: strangers, tourists, regulars, and insiders, differentiated by four characteristics (orientation, experiences, relationships, and commitment). We evaluated the importance of fishing as a segmentation variable using data collected by a mixed-mode survey of South Dakota anglers fishing in 2010. We contend that this straightforward measurement may be useful for segmenting outdoor recreation activities when more complicated segmentation schemes are not suitable. Further, this index, when coupled with the social worlds model, provides a valuable framework for understanding the segments and making management decisions.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.1738","usgsCitation":"Jackson, S.T., Garfin, G., and Enquist, C., 2017, Toward an effective practice of translational ecology: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 15, no. 10, p. 540-540, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1738.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"540","ipdsId":"IP-091494","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1738","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79ee4b0da30c1bfc320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garfin, Gregg","contributorId":97740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garfin","given":"Gregg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn A.F.","contributorId":87445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196769,"text":"70196769 - 2017 - Macroscale patterns of synchrony identify complex relationships among spatial and temporal ecosystem drivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T13:49:25","indexId":"70196769","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroscale patterns of synchrony identify complex relationships among spatial and temporal ecosystem drivers","docAbstract":"Ecology has a rich history of studying ecosystem dynamics across time and space that has been motivated by both practical management needs and the need to develop basic ideas about pattern and process in nature. In situations in which both spatial and temporal observations are available, similarities in temporal behavior among sites (i.e., synchrony) provide a means of understanding underlying processes that create patterns over space and time. We used pattern analysis algorithms and data spanning 22–25 yr from 601 lakes to ask three questions: What are the temporal patterns of lake water clarity at sub‐continental scales? What are the spatial patterns (i.e., geography) of synchrony for lake water clarity? And, what are the drivers of spatial and temporal patterns in lake water clarity? We found that the synchrony of water clarity among lakes is not spatially structured at sub‐continental scales. Our results also provide strong evidence that the drivers related to spatial patterns in water clarity are not related to the temporal patterns of water clarity. This analysis of long‐term patterns of water clarity and possible drivers contributes to understanding of broad‐scale spatial patterns in the geography of synchrony and complex relationships between spatial and temporal patterns across ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2024","usgsCitation":"Lottig, N.R., Tan, P., Wagner, T., Cheruvelil, K.S., Soranno, P.A., Stanley, E.H., Scott, C.E., Stow, C.A., and Yuan, S., 2017, Macroscale patterns of synchrony identify complex relationships among spatial and temporal ecosystem drivers: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 12, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2024.","productDescription":"e02024; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-088150","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79de4b0da30c1bfc306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lottig, Noah R.","contributorId":172031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lottig","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tan, Pang-Ning","contributorId":172193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tan","given":"Pang-Ning","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence","contributorId":150607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheruvelil","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"Spence","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, Caren E.","contributorId":172184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":204103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36843,"text":"NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yuan, Shuai","contributorId":172187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuan","given":"Shuai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70195374,"text":"70195374 - 2017 - Sea turtles, light pollution, and citizen science: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:36:34","indexId":"70195374","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sea turtles, light pollution, and citizen science: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"Sea turtles are an important ecological resource for Gulf Islands National Seashore’s (Gulf Islands) waters and shorelines. Regionally, sea turtles face anthropogenic threats from situations\nsuch as entanglement in fishing gear and ingestion of marine debris, as well as possible changes in sex ratios due to increasing temperatures related to human-induced global warming. Locally, light pollution from residential, commercial, and industrial neighborhoods from nearby cities impacts the entirety of Gulf Islands, which spans 160 miles along the Gulf Coast, from Florida to Mississippi, and includes critical habitat for threatened and endangered sea turtles. Because light pollution has been hypothesized to negatively impact sea turtle nesting and hatchling survival, Gulf Islands undertook an effort to understand the relationship between light pollution and sea turtles and create unique educational and outreach opportunities by launching a citizen science program called Turtle Teens Helping in the Seashore (Turtle THIS). At the onset, the Turtle THIS program had two primary goals: quantify the association between light pollution and sea turtle nesting and hatching events using rigorous scientific methods; and initiate a citizen science volunteer program to provide youth with hands-on science and environmental stewardship roles, where they also gain employable skills and career opportunities. With multiple scientific hypotheses to consider, the development of a citizen science program became crucial. Such circumstances allowed Turtle THIS to grow a volunteer and intern program, quantify hypothesized light effects on sea turtles through developed methods, and begin to gather preliminary findings.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Connections across people, place, and time: Proceedings of the 2017 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Afford, H., Teel, S., Nicholas, M., Stanley, T.R., and White, J., 2017, Sea turtles, light pollution, and citizen science: A preliminary report, in Connections across people, place, and time: Proceedings of the 2017 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, p. 9-15.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-088000","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/proceedings2017"},{"id":351534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Islands National Seashore, Pensacola Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.42645263671875,\n 30.289310339324643\n ],\n [\n -86.91146850585938,\n 30.289310339324643\n ],\n [\n -86.91146850585938,\n 30.387684205387366\n ],\n [\n -87.42645263671875,\n 30.387684205387366\n ],\n [\n -87.42645263671875,\n 30.289310339324643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee7aae4b0da30c1bfc33f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Afford, Heather","contributorId":202360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afford","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teel, Susan","contributorId":202361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teel","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholas, Mark","contributorId":202362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholas","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Jeremy","contributorId":202363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196280,"text":"70196280 - 2017 - Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T15:45:51.011946","indexId":"70196280","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"Tools that can monitor biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants are needed to understand how arctic herbivores may respond to the rapidly changing environment at high latitudes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of terrestrial vegetative communities. However, the efficacy of NDVI to measure seasonal changes in biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants in the Arctic remains largely un-evaluated at landscape and fine-scale levels. We modeled the relationships between NDVI and seasonal changes in aboveground biomass and nitrogen concentration in halophytic graminoids, a key food source for arctic-nesting geese. The model was calibrated based on data collected at one site and validated using data from another site. Effects of spatial scale on model accuracy were determined by comparing model predictions between NDVI derived from moderate resolution (250 × 250 m pixels) satellite data and high resolution (20 cm diameter area) handheld spectrometer data. NDVI derived from the handheld spectrometer was a superior estimator (R2 ≥ 0.67) of seasonal changes in aboveground biomass compared to satellite-derived NDVI (R2 ≤ 0.40). The addition of temperature and precipitation variables to the model for biomass improved fit, but provided minor gains in predictive power beyond that of the NDVI-only model. This model, however, was only a moderately accurate estimator of biomass in an ecologically-similar halophytic graminoid wetland located 100 km away, indicating the necessity for site-specific validation. In contrast to assessments of biomass, satellite-derived NDVI was a better estimator for the timing of peak percent of nitrogen than NDVI derived from the handheld spectrometer. We confirmed that the date when NDVI reached 50% of its seasonal maximum was a reasonable approximation of the period of peak spring vegetative green-up and peak percent nitrogen. This study demonstrates the importance of matching the scale of NDVI measurements to the vegetation properties of biomass and nitrogen phenology.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs9121234","usgsCitation":"Hogrefe, K.R., Patil, V.P., Ruthrauff, D.R., Meixell, B.W., Budde, M.E., Hupp, J.W., and Ward, D.H., 2017, Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska: Remote Sensing, v. 9, no. 12, 1234; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121234.","productDescription":"1234; 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088696","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121234","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M907KT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, 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Chemical removal can be an effective method of eliminating aquatic invasive species, but chemicals can induce mortality in nontarget organisms and persist in the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an emerging alternative to traditional chemical control agents because it has been demonstrated to be toxic to fish, but is naturally occurring and readily neutralized. In addition, CO2 is a commercially available gas, is highly soluble, and has high absorption efficiency. When these characteristics are paired with advances in modern, large-scale gas delivery technologies, opportunities to use CO2 in natural or artificial (e.g., canals) waters to manage fish become increasingly feasible. Our objective is to describe the history of CO2 use in fisheries and outline potential future applications of CO2 to suppress and manipulate aquatic species in field and aquaculture settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2017.1383903","usgsCitation":"Treanor, H.B., Ray, A.M., Layhee, M., Watten, B.J., Gross, J.A., Gresswell, R.E., and Webb, M.A., 2017, Using carbon dioxide in fisheries and aquatic invasive species management: Fisheries, v. 42, no. 12, p. 621-628, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2017.1383903.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"628","ipdsId":"IP-073368","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U3X5XW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Carbon dioxide-induced mortality of four species of North American fishes data"},{"id":351342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7d7001e4b00f54eb2441e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treanor, Hilary B.","contributorId":200249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treanor","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, Andrew M.","contributorId":167601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Layhee, Megan J.","contributorId":201692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Layhee","given":"Megan J.","affiliations":[{"id":36231,"text":"Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, Jason A.","contributorId":201693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gross","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27848,"text":"Smith-Root, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webb, Molly A. 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Cats’ pelage color, tail length, and hair thickness vary widely, given human fascination with breeding diverse phenotypes, but all have a typical felid body with upright ears, forward-looking eyes adapted for nocturnal foraging, protractible claws, and a sinuous, flexible body. 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Indeed, this explanation can be viewed as the conventional wisdom used by toxicologists to account for differences in PCB concentrations between the sexes of fish. On the surface, this explanation seems plausible. PCBs are lipid soluble, and eggs are thought to be relatively high in lipid concentration. If a sufficiently high proportion of the PCB body burden within a female fish is transferred to the eggs, then the release of eggs at spawning would be expected to result in a dramatic decrease in the PCB concentration of the female.
","language":"English","publisher":"Juniper Publishers","doi":"10.19080/OFOAJ.2017.05.555661","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., 2017, Comment on linking the sex difference in PCB concentrations of fish to release of eggs at spawning: Time to jettison the dogma: Oceanography & Fisheries, v. 5, no. 3, Article 555661; 2 p., https://doi.org/10.19080/OFOAJ.2017.05.555661.","productDescription":"Article 555661; 2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-091218","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ofoaj.2017.05.555661","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743585e4b0a9a2e9e25ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196741,"text":"70196741 - 2017 - Sampling bees in tropical forests and agroecosystems: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-30T10:18:21","indexId":"70196741","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2356,"text":"Journal of Insect Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling bees in tropical forests and agroecosystems: A review","docAbstract":"Bees are the predominant pollinating taxa, providing a critical ecosystem service upon which many angiosperms rely for successful reproduction. Available data suggests that bee populations worldwide are declining, but scarce data in tropical regions precludes assessing their status and distribution, impact on ecological services, and response to management actions. Herein, we reviewed >150 papers that used six common sampling methods (pan traps, baits, Malaise traps, sweep nets, timed observations and aspirators) to better understand their strengths and weaknesses, and help guide method selection to meet research objectives and development of multi-species monitoring approaches. Several studies evaluated the effectiveness of sweep nets, pan traps, and malaise traps, but only one evaluated timed observations, and none evaluated aspirators. Only five studies compared two or more of the remaining four sampling methods to each other. There was little consensus regarding which method would be most reliable for sampling multiple species. However, we recommend that if the objective of the study is to estimate abundance or species richness, malaise traps, pan traps and sweep nets are the most effective sampling protocols in open tropical systems; conversely, malaise traps, nets and baits may be the most effective in forests. Declining bee populations emphasize the critical need in method standardization and reporting precision. Moreover, we recommend reporting a catchability coefficient, a measure of the interaction between the resource (bee) abundance and catching effort. Melittologists could also consider existing methods, such as occupancy models, to quantify changes in distribution and abundance after modeling heterogeneity in trapping probability, and consider the possibility of developing monitoring frameworks that draw from multiple sources of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10841-017-0018-8","usgsCitation":"Prado, S.G., Ngo, H.T., Florez, J.A., and Collazo, J., 2017, Sampling bees in tropical forests and agroecosystems: A review: Journal of Insect Conservation, v. 21, no. 5-6, p. 753-770, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-0018-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"770","ipdsId":"IP-082870","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-0018-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5-6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79de4b0da30c1bfc30c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prado, Sara G.","contributorId":204504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prado","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ngo, Hien T.","contributorId":204505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ngo","given":"Hien","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36950,"text":"United Nations, Bonn","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Florez, Jaime A.","contributorId":204506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florez","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197802,"text":"70197802 - 2017 - Building translational ecology communities of practice: insights from the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T16:27:11","indexId":"70197802","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building translational ecology communities of practice: insights from the field","docAbstract":"Translational ecology (TE) prioritizes the understanding of social systems and decision contexts in order to address complex natural resource management issues. Although many practitioners in applied fields employ translational tactics, the body of literature addressing such approaches is limited. We present several case studies illustrating the principles of TE and the diversity of its applications. We anticipate that these examples will help others develop scientific products that decision makers can use “off the shelf” when solving critical ecological and social challenges. Our collective experience suggests that research of such immediate utility is rare. Long‐term commitment to working directly with partners to develop and reach shared goals is central to successful translation. The examples discussed here highlight the benefits of translational processes, including actionable scientific results, more informed policy making, increased investment in science‐driven solutions, and inspiration for partnerships. We aim to facilitate future TE‐based projects and build momentum for growing this community of practice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.1736","usgsCitation":"Lawson, D., Hall, K.R., Yung, L., and Enquist, C.A., 2017, Building translational ecology communities of practice: insights from the field: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 15, no. 10, p. 569-577, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1736.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"577","ipdsId":"IP-080523","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1736","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e624e4b060350a15d259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawson, Dawn M.","contributorId":205826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawson","given":"Dawn M.","affiliations":[{"id":36522,"text":"U.S. Navy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":738577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Kimberly R.","contributorId":197221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yung, Laurie","contributorId":205827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yung","given":"Laurie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":738579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn A. F.","contributorId":205825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A. F.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":738576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197868,"text":"70197868 - 2017 - Foundations of translational ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-22T14:55:15","indexId":"70197868","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foundations of translational ecology","docAbstract":"Ecologists who specialize in translational ecology (TE) seek to link ecological knowledge to decision making by integrating ecological science with the full complement of social dimensions that underlie today's complex environmental issues. TE is motivated by a search for outcomes that directly serve the needs of natural resource managers and decision makers. This objective distinguishes it from both basic and applied ecological research and, as a practice, it deliberately extends research beyond theory or opportunistic applications. TE is uniquely positioned to address complex issues through interdisciplinary team approaches and integrated scientist–practitioner partnerships. The creativity and context‐specific knowledge of resource managers, practitioners, and decision makers inform and enrich the scientific process and help shape use‐driven, actionable science. Moreover, addressing research questions that arise from on‐the‐ground management issues – as opposed to the top‐down or expert‐oriented perspectives of traditional science – can foster the high levels of trust and commitment that are critical for long‐term, sustained engagement between partners.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.1733","usgsCitation":"Enquist, C.A., Jackson, S.T., Garfin, G.M., Davis, F.W., Gerber, L.R., Littell, J., Tank, J., Terando, A., Wall, T.U., Halpern, B.S., Morelli, T.L., Hiers, J.K., McNie, E., Stephenson, N.L., Williamson, M.A., Woodhouse, C.A., Yung, L., Brunson, M.W., Hall, K., Hallett, L.M., Lawson, D., Moritz, M.A., Nydick, K.R., Pairis, A., Ray, A.J., Regan, C.M., Safford, H.D., Schwartz, M.W., and Shaw, M.R., 2017, Foundations of translational ecology: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 15, no. 10, p. 541-550, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1733.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"550","ipdsId":"IP-081941","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1733","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e624e4b060350a15d255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn A. 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Rebecca","contributorId":175305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rebecca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70194743,"text":"70194743 - 2017 - Heterogeneous responses of temperate-zone amphibian populations to climate change complicates conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T09:38:22","indexId":"70194743","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneous responses of temperate-zone amphibian populations to climate change complicates conservation planning","docAbstract":"The pervasive and unabated nature of global amphibian declines suggests common demographic responses to a given driver, and quantification of major drivers and responses could inform broad-scale conservation actions. We explored the influence of climate on demographic parameters (i.e., changes in the probabilities of survival and recruitment) using 31 datasets from temperate zone amphibian populations (North America and Europe) with more than a decade of observations each. There was evidence for an influence of climate on population demographic rates, but the direction and magnitude of responses to climate drivers was highly variable among taxa and among populations within taxa. These results reveal that climate drivers interact with variation in life-history traits and population-specific attributes resulting in a diversity of responses. This heterogeneity complicates the identification of conservation ‘rules of thumb’ for these taxa, and supports the notion of local focus as the most effective approach to overcome global-scale conservation challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-17105-7","usgsCitation":"Muths, E.L., Chambert, T.A., Schmidt, B.R., Miller, D., Hossack, B.R., Joly, P., Grolet, O., Green, D.M., Pilliod, D.S., Cheylan, M., Fisher, R.N., McCaffery, R.M., Adams, M., Palen, W., Arntzen, J.W., Garwood, J., Fellers, G.M., Thirion, J., Grant, E.H., and Besnard, A., 2017, Heterogeneous responses of temperate-zone amphibian populations to climate change complicates conservation planning: Scientific Reports, v. 7, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17105-7.","productDescription":"Article 17102; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-073406","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17105-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France, Germany, United States","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf6e4b06e28e9c22a16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambert, Thierry A. 0000-0002-9450-9080 tchambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-9080","contributorId":5973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambert","given":"Thierry","email":"tchambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, B. 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Models linking projections of environmental change with behavioral responses and bioenergetic effects can provide a basis for these forecasts. There is particular interest in forecasting effects of projected reductions in sea ice availability on Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Declining extent of summer sea ice in the Chukchi Sea has caused Pacific walruses to increase use of coastal haulouts and decrease use of more productive offshore feeding areas. Such climate-induced changes in distribution and behavior could ultimately affect the status of the population. We developed behavioral models to relate changes in sea ice availability to adult female walrus movements and activity levels, and adapted previously developed bioenergetics models to relate those activity levels to energy requirements and the ability to meet those requirements. We then linked these models to general circulation model projections of future ice availability to forecast autumn body condition for female walruses during mid- and late-century time periods. Our results suggest that as sea ice becomes less available in the Chukchi Sea, female walruses will spend more time in the southwestern region of that sea, less time resting, and less time foraging. Median forecasted autumn body masses were 7–12% lower in future scenarios than during recent times, but posterior distributions broadly overlapped and median forecasted seasonal mass losses (15–34%) were comparable to seasonal mass losses routinely experienced by other pinnipeds. These seasonal reductions in body condition would be unlikely to result in demographic effects, but if walruses were unable to rebuild endogenous reserves while wintering in the Bering Sea, cumulative effects could have implications for reproduction and survival, ultimately affecting the status of the Pacific walrus population. Our approach provides a general framework for forecasting consequences of the broad range of environmental changes and anthropogenic disturbances that may affect bioenergetics through behavioral responses or changes in prey availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2014","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Jay, C.V., Taylor, R.L., Fischbach, A., Beatty, W.S., and Noren, S.R., 2017, Forecasting consequences of changing sea ice availability for Pacific walruses: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 11, e02014, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2014.","productDescription":"e02014","ipdsId":"IP-088005","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XG9Q2T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pacific Walrus Behavior Data and Associated Chukchi Sea Ice Observations and Projections for use with Bioenergetics Models to Forecast Walrus Body Condition"},{"id":350025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -189.1845703125,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -156.3134765625,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -156.3134765625,\n 74.17607298699065\n ],\n [\n -189.1845703125,\n 74.17607298699065\n ],\n [\n -189.1845703125,\n 65.56754970214311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf6e4b06e28e9c22a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Rebecca L. 0000-0001-8459-7614 rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-7614","contributorId":5112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rebecca","email":"rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":200780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony S.","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":146301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noren, Shawn R.","contributorId":127697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noren","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194437,"text":"ofr20171155 - 2017 - Cobalt—Styles of deposits and the search for primary deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:35:29","indexId":"ofr20171155","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-30T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1155","title":"Cobalt—Styles of deposits and the search for primary deposits","docAbstract":"Cobalt (Co) is a potentially critical mineral. The vast majority of cobalt is a byproduct of copper and (or) nickel production. Cobalt is increasingly used in magnets and rechargeable batteries. More than 50 percent of primary cobalt production is from the Central African Copperbelt. The Central African Copperbelt is the only sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copper district that contains significant cobalt. Its presence may indicate significant mafic-ultramafic rocks in the local basement. The balance of primary cobalt production is from magmatic nickel-copper and nickel laterite deposits. Cobalt is present in several carbonate-hosted lead-zinc and copper districts. It is also variably present in Besshi-type volcanogenic massive sulfide and siliciclastic sedimentary rock-hosted deposits in back arc and rift environments associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks. Metasedimentary cobalt-copper-gold deposits (such as Blackbird, Idaho), iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, and the five-element vein deposits (such as Cobalt, Ontario) contain different amounts of cobalt. None of these deposit types show direct links to mafic-ultramafic rocks; the deposits may result from crustal-scale hydrothermal systems capable of leaching and transporting cobalt from great depths. Hydrothermal deposits associated with ultramafic rocks, typified by the Bou Azzer district of Morocco, represent another type of primary cobalt deposit.
In the United States, exploration for cobalt deposits may focus on magmatic nickel-copper deposits in the Archean and Proterozoic rocks of the Midwest and the east coast (Pennsylvania) and younger mafic rocks in southeastern and southern Alaska; also, possibly basement rocks in southeastern Missouri. Other potential exploration targets include—
Office of the Associate Director for Energy and Minerals
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
MS 102
Reston, VA 20192
Bear Lake in North Muskegon, Michigan, is listed as part of the Muskegon Lake area of concern as designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This area of concern was designated as a result of eutrophication and beneficial use impairments. On the northeast end of Bear Lake, two man-made retention ponds (Willbrandt Pond East and Willbrandt Pond West), formerly used for celery farming, may contribute nutrients to Bear Lake. Willbrandt Ponds (East and West) were previously muck fields that were actively used for celery farming from the early 1900s until 2002. The restoration and reconnection of the Willbrandt Ponds into Bear Lake prompted concerns of groundwater nutrient loading into Bear Lake. Studies done by the State of Michigan and Grand Valley State University revised initial internal phosphorus load estimates and indicated an imbalance in the phosphorus budget in Bear Lake. From June through November 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) did an investigative study to quantify the load of nutrients from shallow groundwater around the Willbrandt Ponds in an effort to update the phosphorus budget to Bear Lake. Seven sampling locations were established, including five shallow groundwater wells and two surface-water sites, in the Willbrandt pond study area and Bear Lake. A total of 12 nutrient samples and discrete water-level measurements were collected from each site from June through November 2015. Continuous water-level data were recorded for both surface-water monitoring locations for the entire sampling period.
Water-level data indicated that Willbrandt Pond West had the highest average water-level elevation of all sites monitored, which indicated the general direction of flux is from Willbrandt Pond West to Bear Lake. Nutrient and chloride loading from Willbrandt Pond West to Bear Lake was calculated using two distinct methods: Dupuit and direct seepage methods. Shallow groundwater loading calculations were determined by using groundwater levels to first determine a flux of shallow groundwater, then nutrient concentrations to determine a load. It was determined that Willbrandt Pond East and Willbrandt Pond West contributed between 2 to 4 percent of the total annual phosphorus load to Bear Lake by way of shallow groundwater flow. Annual loads calculated for other constituents include orthophosphate (40–100 pounds per year [lb P/yr]), total nitrogen (200–830 lb/yr), chloride (12,700–32,100 lb/yr), and ammonia (130–670 lb N/yr). Study results indicated that mean groundwater and surface-water nutrient concentrations calculated in this study were higher than reported Michigan statewide values. The data collected in this study allow understanding of groundwater nutrient loading into Bear Lake in an effort to help inform future restoration and management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Totten, A.R., Maurer, J.A., and Duris, J.W., 2017, Groundwater flux and nutrient loading in the northeast section of Bear Lake, Muskegon County, Michigan, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5092, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175092.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074168","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349260,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F73J3BVJ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater Seepage Measurements in Northeast Section of Bear Lake, Muskegon County, Michigan, October 2015"},{"id":349259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5092/sir20175092.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5092"},{"id":349258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5092/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Muskegon County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.27194404602051,\n 43.25970598443754\n ],\n [\n -86.25323295593262,\n 43.25970598443754\n ],\n [\n -86.25323295593262,\n 43.27145609469072\n ],\n [\n -86.27194404602051,\n 43.27145609469072\n ],\n [\n -86.27194404602051,\n 43.25970598443754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way
Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911
Large quantities of impact-related microspherules have been found in fine-grained sediments retained within seven out of nine, radiocarbon-dated, Late Pleistocene mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and bison (Bison priscus) skull fragments. The well-preserved fossils were recovered from frozen “muck” deposits (organic-rich silt) exposed within the Fairbanks and Klondike mining districts of Alaska, USA, and the Yukon Territory, Canada. In addition, elevated platinum abundances were found in sediment analysed from three out of four fossil skulls. In view of this new evidence, the mucks and their well-preserved but highly disrupted and damaged vertebrate and botanical remains are reinterpreted in part as blast deposits that resulted from several episodes of airbursts and ground/ice impacts within the northern hemisphere during Late Pleistocene time (~46–11 ka B.P.). Such a scenario might be explained by encounters with cometary debris in Earth-crossing orbits (Taurid Complex) that was generated by fragmentation of a large short-period comet within the inner Solar System.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-16958-2","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., Firestone, R.B., West, A., Weaver, J.C., and Bunch, T.E., 2017, Impact-related microspherules in Late Pleistocene Alaskan and Yukon “muck” deposits signify recurrent episodes of catastrophic emplacement: Scientific Reports, v. 7, Article 16620; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16958-2.","productDescription":"Article 16620; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086719","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16958-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon Territoriy","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e7ae4b00f54eb229335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firestone, Richard B.","contributorId":201804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Firestone","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36254,"text":"LBNL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, Allen","contributorId":201805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36255,"text":"Comet Research Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, James C.","contributorId":201806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunch, Ted E.","contributorId":201807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunch","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194655,"text":"70194655 - 2017 - Evidence for migratory spawning behavior by morphologically distinct Cisco (Coregonus artedi) from a small inland lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T10:38:03","indexId":"70194655","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5153,"text":"The American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence for migratory spawning behavior by morphologically distinct Cisco (Coregonus artedi) from a small inland lake","title":"Evidence for migratory spawning behavior by morphologically distinct Cisco (Coregonus artedi) from a small inland lake","docAbstract":"Conservation and management of rare fishes relies on managers having the most informed understanding of the underlying ecology of the species under investigation. Cisco (Coregonus artedi), a species of conservation concern, is a cold-water pelagic fish that is notoriously variable in morphometry and life history. Published reports indicate, at spawning time, Cisco in great lakes may migrate into or through large rivers, whereas those in small lakes move inshore. Nonetheless, during a sampling trip to Follensby Pond, a 393 ha lake in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, we observed gravid Cisco swimming over an outlet sill from a narrow shallow stream and into the lake. We opportunistically dip-netted a small subsample of 11 individuals entering the lake from the stream (three female, eight male) and compared them to fish captured between 2013 and 2015 with gillnets in the lake. Stream-captured Cisco were considerably larger than lake-captured individuals at a given age, had significantly larger asymptotic length, and were present only as mature individuals between age of 3 and age 5. These results could suggest either Cisco are migrating from a nearby lake to spawn in Follensby Pond, or that a distinct morphotype of Cisco from Follensby Pond migrates out to the stream and then back in at spawning time. Our results appear to complement a handful of other cases in which Cisco spawning migrations have been documented and to provide the first evidence for such behavior in a small inland lake.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.237","usgsCitation":"Ross, A.J., Weidel, B., Leneker, M., and Solomon, C.T., 2017, Evidence for migratory spawning behavior by morphologically distinct Cisco (Coregonus artedi) from a small inland lake: The American Midland Naturalist, v. 178, no. 2, p. 237-244, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.237.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"244","ipdsId":"IP-083647","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fafbe4b06e28e9c22a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Alexander J.","contributorId":201256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leneker, Mellisa","contributorId":201254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leneker","given":"Mellisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solomon, Christopher T.","contributorId":34014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194502,"text":"70194502 - 2017 - Potential for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems applications for identifying groundwater-surface water exchange in a meandering river reach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:55:32","indexId":"70194502","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems applications for identifying groundwater-surface water exchange in a meandering river reach","docAbstract":"The exchange of groundwater and surface water (GW-SW), including dissolved constituents and energy, represents a critical yet challenging characterization problem for hydrogeologists and stream ecologists. Here, we describe the use of a suite of high spatial-resolution remote-sensing techniques, collected using a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS), to provide novel and complementary data to analyze GW-SW exchange. sUAS provided centimeter-scale resolution topography and water surface elevations, which are often drivers of exchange along the river corridor. Additionally, sUAS-based vegetation imagery, vegetation-top elevation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) mapping indicated GW-SW exchange patterns that are difficult to characterize from the land surface and may not be resolved from coarser satellite-based imagery. We combined these data with estimates of sediment hydraulic conductivity to provide a direct estimate of GW “shortcutting” through meander necks, which was corroborated by temperature data at the riverbed interface.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017GL075836","usgsCitation":"Pai, H., Malenda, H., Briggs, M.A., Singha, K., González-Pinzón, R., Gooseff, M., Tyler, S., and AirCTEMPS Team, 2017, Potential for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems applications for identifying groundwater-surface water exchange in a meandering river reach: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 23, p. 11868-11877, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075836.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11868","endPage":"11877","ipdsId":"IP-092215","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075836","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J9658M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fiber-optic distributed temperature data collected along the streambed of the East River, Crested Butte, CO, USA"},{"id":349585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fafbe4b06e28e9c22a78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pai, H.","contributorId":201023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pai","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malenda, H.","contributorId":201024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malenda","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":201025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"González-Pinzón, R.","contributorId":198635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"González-Pinzón","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gooseff, M.","contributorId":201026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tyler, S.W.","contributorId":85740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"AirCTEMPS Team","contributorId":201028,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"AirCTEMPS Team","id":724134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70194474,"text":"70194474 - 2017 - EROD activity, chromosomal damage, and oxidative stress in response to contaminants exposure in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings from Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:29:20","indexId":"70194474","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EROD activity, chromosomal damage, and oxidative stress in response to contaminants exposure in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings from Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, nestlings were collected from 60 sites in the Great Lakes, which included multiple sites within 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs) and six sites not listed as AOCs from 2010 to 2014. Nestlings, approximately 12 days-of-age, were evaluated for ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity, chromosomal damage, and six measures of oxidative stress. Data on each of these biomarkers were divided into four equal numbered groups from the highest to lowest values and the groups were compared to contaminant concentrations using multivariate analysis. Contaminant concentrations, from the same nestlings, included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and 17 elements. Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aPAHs) and parent PAHs (pPAHs) were measured in pooled nestling dietary samples. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and pesticides were measured in sibling eggs. Concentrations of aPAHs, pPAHs, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, and PCBs, in that order, were the major contributors to the significant differences between the lowest and highest EROD activities; PFCs, PBDEs, the remaining pesticides, and all elements were of secondary importance. The four categories of chromosomal damage did not separate out well based on the contaminants measured. Concentrations of aPAHs, pPAHs, heptachlor, PCBs, chlordane, and dieldrin were the major contributors to the significant differences between the lowest and highest activities of two oxidative stress measures, total sulfhydryl (TSH) activity and protein bound sulfhydryl (PBSH) activity. The four categories of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), and the ratio of GSSG/GSH did not separate well based on the contaminants measured.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-017-1863-7","usgsCitation":"Custer, T.W., Custer, C.M., Dummer, P.M., Bigorgne, E., Oziolor, E., Karouna-Renier, N., Schultz, S.L., Erickson, R.A., Aagaard, K., and Matson, C., 2017, EROD activity, chromosomal damage, and oxidative stress in response to contaminants exposure in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings from Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Ecotoxicology, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1392-1407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-017-1863-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1392","endPage":"1407","ipdsId":"IP-085851","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 40.78054143186033\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 40.78054143186033\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 49.66762782262194\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 49.66762782262194\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 40.78054143186033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fafce4b06e28e9c22a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dummer, Paul M. 0000-0002-2055-9480 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nkarouna@usgs.gov","contributorId":3988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie K.","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schultz, Sandra L. 0000-0003-3394-2857 sschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-2857","contributorId":5966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Sandra","email":"sschultz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70194331,"text":"70194331 - 2017 - Polar bears, Ursus maritimus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T10:10:13","indexId":"70194331","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Polar bears, Ursus maritimus","title":"Polar bears, Ursus maritimus","docAbstract":"Polar bears are the largest of the eight species of bears found worldwide and are covered in a pigment-free fur giving them the appearance of being white. They are the most carnivorous of bear species consuming a high-fat diet, primarily of ice-associated seals and other marine mammals. They range throughout the circumpolar Arctic to the southernmost extent of seasonal pack ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","isbn":"9780128043271","usgsCitation":"Rode, K.D., and Stirling, I., 2017, Polar bears, Ursus maritimus, chap. of Encyclopedia of marine mammals, p. 743-746.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"746","ipdsId":"IP-076113","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-marine-mammals/wursig/978-0-12-804327-1"}],"edition":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fafde4b06e28e9c22a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stirling, Ian","contributorId":72079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194476,"text":"70194476 - 2017 - Bacterial sulfur disproportionation constrains timing of neoproterozoic oxygenation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:25:30","indexId":"70194476","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial sulfur disproportionation constrains timing of neoproterozoic oxygenation","docAbstract":"Various geochemical records suggest that atmospheric O2 increased in the Ediacaran (635–541 Ma), broadly coincident with the emergence and diversification of large animals and increasing marine ecosystem complexity. Furthermore, geochemical proxies indicate that seawater sulfate levels rose at this time too, which has been hypothesized to reflect increased sulfide oxidation in marine sediments caused by sediment mixing of the newly evolved macrofauna. However, the exact timing of oxygenation is not yet understood, and there are claims for significant oxygenation prior to the Ediacaran. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that physical mixing of sediments did not become important until the late Silurian. Here we report a multiple sulfur isotope record from a ca. 835–630 Ma succession from Svalbard, further supported by data from Proterozoic strata in Canada, Australia, Russia, and the United States, in order to investigate the timing of oxygenation. We present isotopic evidence for onset of globally significant bacterial sulfur disproportionation and reoxidative sulfur cycling following the 635 Ma Marinoan glaciation. Widespread sulfide oxidation helps to explain the observed first-order increase in seawater sulfate concentration from the earliest Ediacaran to the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary by reducing the amount of sulfur buried as pyrite. Expansion of reoxidative sulfur cycling to a global scale also indicates increasing environmental O2 levels. Thus, our data suggest that increasing atmospheric O2 levels may have played a role in the emergence of the Ediacaran macrofauna and increasing marine ecosystem complexity.
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